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Статті в журналах з теми "Steering-gear"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 3 березня 2023

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1

Huo, Wen. "Thermal Simulation Analysis of Internal Control Circuit Board of Steering Gear Box Based on COMSOL Three-Dimensional Simulation Software." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (March 24, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3006349.

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The steering gear device includes two parts, a steering gear control circuit and a transmission component. The transmission component includes a ball screw and a motor. During the operation of the steering gear, due to the presence of the steering gear ball screw motor and friction, a certain amount of heat will be generated, which will affect the steering gear control circuit in a confined space. At the same time, the steering gear is inevitable in the actual working process, and will experience a high temperature environment, which will increase the temperature of the internal structure of the steering gear, and due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between various materials, stress and strain will occur in the structure, which may cause mismatch or even cracks in the system structure, and the steering gear system cannot work normally. It is necessary to analyze the thermal characteristics of the overall steering gear under multiple factors. Based on this, this paper uses COMSOL three-dimensional simulation software to conduct thermal simulation analysis on the shell of the steering gear containing the control circuit board. The temperature distribution and stress-strain response law of the control circuit board in the box, and the influence of different materials and thickness of the box heat insulation layer on the thermal characteristics of the control circuit are discussed, and then a reasonable thickness and material of the heat insulation layer are obtained for the design of the rudder chassis for reference.

2

NICKERSON, A. M. "STEERING GEAR CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 53, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1941.tb05186.x.

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3

Niu, Zi Ru, Gang Yan Li, Jian Hu, Tian Li Yan, Si Yu Zhang, and Jiang Jiang Tan. "Research on Structural Optimization Method of Rack and Pinion Steering Gear with Variable Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (October 2014): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.98.

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Compared to the rack and pinion steering gear with constant ratio,the variable ratio rack and pinion of rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio will cause changes in the force environment of the steering. It is necessary to analyze its structure and find the structural optimization method of the rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio. The overall model of rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio was established by using CATIA, and the stress-strain and the deformation analysis of the overall structure was carried out by using ANSYS Workbench. The analysis results provide an important reference basis for the structural optimization method of rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio.

4

Wu, Qiupeng, Jianguo She, and Ning Chen. "Finite element analysis of gear of full-rotating propeller steering assembly." 59th International Conference on Vibroengineering in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, October 22, 2022 45 (October 22, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2022.22905.

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In order to ensure that the gear of the steering component of the full-rotation propeller meets the limit of bearing capacity and normal use under the action of moment load, this paper takes a steering propeller device as the research object, establishes the finite element model of the gear of the steering component under normal and braking conditions, carries out stress bending strength analysis, and carries out modal analysis. It is verified that the gear of the steering assembly meets the safety requirements, which provides a reference for the design of the steering device.

5

Wu, Ying, Jun Li, Wen Hao Lu, and Shi Yuan Xiong. "Finite-Element Analysis and Reliability Test of Power Steering Gear on the Fatigue Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.927.

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The study on power steering gear is less than other auto parts at home or abroad. Compared with developed countries, the independent design and manufacture of power steering starts late, and lacks practical and effective evaluation standards. The combination of the theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and experimental verification is the key technology to optimize the design or test to evaluate the power steering gear’s function and performance. In this paper, the power steering gear’s finite element analysis(FEA) model was built to analyse the fatigue stress and fatigue life of the power steering gear’s components, such as housing, input shaft and output shaft. and the fatigue test of the power steering gear was also designed and implemented. Research showed that, the power steering gear fatigue properties of FEA and reliability test have the same results. The total damage of 4 A-B-C event cycles is less than 1, the steering gear system is judged safe after 4 event cycles per design requirements. Each component of the power steering gear has different maximum average stress. The stress of the sector shaft, the piston and the screws is very close to the yield stress, which is much larger than the other components, and needed to be treated with caution The maximum stresses of the gear housing are a little over the yield strengths at the stress of 6,118 lbs, which is more dangerous than the other components, and great attention should be paid to it.

6

Han, Xingxing, Yongquan Wang, Cun Hu, and Xianming Su. "Analysis and Countermeasures of Stuck Failure of SR Steering Gear of a Ship." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016506001.

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This paper introduces the structure and working principle of SR type steering gear, describes an example of stuck failure of the steering gear. The author uses the exclusion method and the shallow to deep method to analyze the causes of the failure from five aspects, and finally locates the failure, and then proposes two aspects of steering gear management considerations.

7

Niu, Zi Ru, Gang Yan Li, Shun Zeng, Tian Li Yan, Si Yu Zhang, and Wei Wang. "Research on the Variable Ratio Gear Modeling and Transmission Ratio Test Method of Rack and Pinion Variable Ratio Steering Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 721 (December 2014): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.721.157.

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A new modeling method for the variable ratio gear of the rack and pinion variable ratio steering gear was proposed in this paper. It was based on the characteristic that variable ratio gear pair meshing tooth profile surface are the envelope surface of each other and established a variable ratio gear three-dimensional model by simulating the gear machining process in CATIA and using Boolean subtraction operation. According to the related test standard of the variable ratio steering gear transmission ratio, a test bench was design and build, and the correctness of this modeling method was verified by comparing the designed variable ratio curve and the steering gear sample designed and processed by this method.

8

Zhang, Shou Jun, and Bin Li. "Hydraulic Steering Gear Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting for MV “TANSUO HAO”." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1611.

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The rudder and steering gear is the most widely used ship maneuvering equipment. It consists of the maneuvering device, transmission mechanism, steering gear, steering mechanism and the rudder blade. MV "TANSUO HAO" is a scientific research ship of 30 years old. The scientific exploration missions require a very high accuracy of the ship’s course, so the ship has to constantly adjust her course and steer frequently. On that day, the duty officer found the steering gear failure to turn left in the rough sea condition. The engineering crew members had to make an emergency repair. It took plenty of time to locate the trouble of the steering gear in the repair process, because the valve plate deformation problem on the solenoid reversing valve was very hard to find out. By exploring the obscure steering gear failure reason and special troubleshooting process on MV "TANSUO HAO", this thesis provides some repair experience for the hydraulic system management and proposes flexible and patient failure analysis as well as some preventive maintenance measures against the problem.

9

Qatu, M. S., D. R. Llewellyn, and W. G. Spadafora. "Measurement of steering gear impedance." Experimental Mechanics 41, no. 2 (June 2001): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02323191.

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10

Nicolin, B. A., and I. Nicolin. "Simulation of the hydraulic steering device, for a nose landing gear." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1268, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1268/1/012005.

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The hydraulic steering simulation is done with SIMULINK, part of the MathWorks MATLAB® application. All parts, subassemblies, and assemblies that define the nose landing gear (NLG) and nose wheel steering are fully defined in 3D, with CATIA V5 - a computer-aided design software used for modeling, it is possible to carry out simulations that allow preliminary evaluation, theoretically and experimentally. The purpose of this simulation is to confirm the correctness of the steering gear kinematics, that the two hydraulic cylinders have been sized correctly and can overcome the resistive steering moment, and that the steering time complies with design specifications for the nose landing gear of a military training aircraft.

11

Zhang, Bo, Qingxiang Li, Tao Wang, and Zhuo Wang. "Development of a Bionic Dolphin Flexible Tail Experimental Device Driven by a Steering Gear." Actuators 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10070167.

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In order to study the mechanism of the tail swing of the bionic dolphin, a flexible tail experimental device based on a steering engine was developed. This study was focused on the common three joint steering gear and its use in a bionic dolphin tail swing mechanism, and it was found that the bionic dolphin driven by the steering gear had the problem of excessive stiffness. In order to solve this problem, we designed a bionic dolphin tail swing mechanism. The tail swing mechanism was designed rationally through the combination of a steering gear drive and two flexible spines. Analysis of kinematic and dynamic modeling was further completed. Through simulation using, the research on the bionic dolphin tail swing mechanism was verified. Experiments showed that the swing curve formed by the steering gear-driven bionic dolphin tail swing mechanism with two flexible spines fit the real fish body wave curve better than the original bionic dolphin tail swing mechanism.

12

Xu, Shi Jun, Yong Hong Hu, and Wei Wan. "The Design and Application of UAV’s Digital Steering Gear." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 998–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.998.

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For a special electromagnetic environment and the installation of environmental requirements of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) airborne, a design of digital anti-jamming steering gear is given. The composition, functions and working principle of the steering gear are described in details. The key circuits of functional modules are given, introduce a CDMA (code division multiple access) communication protocol of Digital Servo instruction and TDMA (time division multiple access) state data frame format. Take a UAV as an example, discusses the multi-steering application in airborne systems workflow. The application results showed that: this design not only improves the steering anti-jamming capability, ensures that the steering gear in the normal operation of complex electromagnetic environment, but also greatly reduces the UAV onboard computer control interfaces, improves flexibility and reliability.

13

Chitti Babu, V., P. Govinda Rao, K. Santa Rao, and B. Murali Krishna. "Design of Accurate Steering Gear Mechanism." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2018-0009.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the synthesis of a steering mechanism that exactly meets the requirements of steering geometry. It starts from reviewing the four-bar linkage, then discusses the number of points that a common four-bar linkage could precisely trace at most. After pointing out the limits of a four-bar steering mechanism, this article investigates the turning geometry for steering wheels and proposes a steering mechanism using servo motors and ARDUINO board. The pitch curves, addendum curves, dedendum curves, tooth pro les and transition curves of the noncircular gears are formulated and designed. Finally, kinematic simulations are executed to demonstrate the target of design

14

Xu, Wan Hong, Guo Ying Wang, and Wen Xuan Ma. "Analysis and Construction of Automobile Steering Gear Model Library Based on CATIA." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1702.

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Automobile steering devices are key parts that change driving direction of automobiles and maintain them stable in a straight line. In order to construct steering gear model quickly and accurately, this paper does parameterized modeling to automobile steering gear through knowledge engineering module of CATIA software. By using Visual Basic can be interactive interface created, modeling can be recorded and modified procedure through the macro mode, and write program code, by using process of external access to realize secondary development of CATIA and complete construction of steering gear model library. Users input corresponding design parameter values that can automatically call parts model; therefore, it shortens product design cycle and improves design efficiency of product.

15

Neureder, U. "Investigation into steering wheel nibble." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407021529101.

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Many studies of mechanisms contributing to steering wheel nibble have been carried out in the past. This paper deals with some aspects that have not yet been studied, or those that have been presented by several authors but are deemed to be controversial. Firstly, an overview of stimulation sources (disturbance factors), and the significance these have with respect to steering nibble, is given. As an example of the controversial aspects of the problem, this paper deals with the assumption of dry friction in steering gear models and its conflict with the observed transfer of vibration caused by small (realistic) amounts of imbalance or tyre force variation. After modelling the steering gear resistance correctly, it is possible to identify, in the steering gear, a natural frequency that contributes reasonably to the nibble phenomenon. Based on this new model, a CAE study on parameter sensitivity, using the ‘design of experiments’ approach, is presented.

16

Li, Cheng Qun, Si Si Bai, and Zhi Cun Liu. "Application of Field Modulation Magnetic Gear on Electric Power Steering System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 65 (June 2011): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.439.

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Introducing the structure components and work principle of electric power steering system, analyzing the flaw of the used structure. In order to solve this problem, it proposed a novel transmission equipment—magnetic field modulation magnetic gear which can be used on the electric power steering system. Utilizing resolution to analysis the principle of magnetic field modulation magnetic gear, meanwhile, expounding the feasibility of its use on the electric power steering system.

17

Zhang, Lin Hai, Xiao Ye Qi, Jun Gong Ma, and Rong Rong Yang. "The Load Simulation Research of Nose Landing Gear Steering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.701.

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The nose landing gear is a vital component of an aircraft,which has an important impact on the safety of the aircraft.This paper studies the system of nose landing gear steering on the basis of the gear and rack mechanism durability test of a certain type of civil aircraft landing gear steering. Furthermore,it puts forward a method of passive loading,which can simulate the friction when the nose landing gear reciprocating turning,and establishes the mathematical model. The simulation results show that the simulator can meet the requirements of load,and laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent actual work.

18

Dange, Chandrakant. "Double Barrel Hydraulic Power Steering Gear." Auto Tech Review 3, no. 1 (January 2014): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40112-014-0524-y.

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19

Protsenko, V. O., V. O. Nastasenko, M. V. Babiy, and A. O. Bilokon. "MARINE RAM-TYPE STEERING GEAR DETAILS LOAD TRANSFER FEATURES." Shipping & Navigation 30, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/2306-5761.30.2020.107-116.

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he article deals with steering gears, used on marine and river ships, namely with ram-type steering gears. Article topicality due to the fact that ship controllability and sailing safety depends of steering gears reliability. Reliability could be increased through the refinement of processes, which took place during the perception and transfer of load. Process of lateral force perception by plungers and guide beams is studied theoretically. It is shown that perception depends of gap size between plunger and sleeve and could pass in one, two or three stages. Those stages are characterized changing in the loading process plungers fixing conditions, and respectively plunger lateral load proposed to determinate by three design schemes. Received expressions for calculation ultimate gaps of «plunger-sleeve» pare landing, that gives the limits of application each of three design schemes. Ratios for determination load of plunger and guide beam are received trough consideration their joint deformation for each design schemes. On the example of YOOWON-MITSUBISHI YDFT-335-2 ram-type steering gear is shown that in new gear, where landing gap is minimal and conditioned by tolerances of plunger and sleeve diameters, guide beam can take only 2.0…6.5% of lateral force, which applied to it and plunger from tiller. In steering gear with partially worn out plunger and sleeve in time of rudder feather shifting from diametric plane to board (when α = 5…35º), guide beam could take 4.7…6.8% of lateral force. The source of origin significant loads on plungers in ram-type steering gears is application of sinus-type mechanism for transformation progressive plunger motion to rotating tiller motion. Decreasing lateral loads on plunger through using unloading guide beams, with considering low unloading percent is ineffective. Guide beams availability complicates steering gear construction, increasing number of friction surfaces and trough this complicates steering gear maintenance.

20

Uchino, Daigo, Xiaojun Liu, Hideaki Kato, and Takayoshi Narita. "Development of a driving assist system for ultra-compact electric vehicles using a steer-by-wire system: Fundamental consideration of muscle burden and evaluation by a continuous steering operation." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 1111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209427.

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Ultra-compact electric vehicles has excellent environmental performance and are extremely convenient for short-distance travel. However, owing to cabin space limitations, it is difficult to mount power steering. Therefore, there is a need to increase the gear ratio of the rack and pinion to change steering angle because such vehicles need light torque to steer. However, increasing the gear ratio requires more rotations of the steering wheel. Our research group focused on developing a steer-by-wire system (SBWS) that freely controls the steering torque. Although we evaluated the burden when a driver rotates the steering wheel in one direction in a previous study. This study assumed the actual steering operation in an SBWS. And then we evaluate muscle burden when a driver steers with continuous changing of the steering direction.

21

Su, Wen Hai. "Study on Complex Dynamic Pressure Metal Seal in Rotary Vane Steering Gear Based on Fluid Structure Interaction." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1606.

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Cast-iron sealing devices using springs are commonly used in rotary vane steering gear. These devices have good wear resistance, long service life and maintenance-free. Finite Element Analysis of cast-iron sealing device includes contact analysis of metal materials effecting of fluid action. ADINA was used to carry on sealing mechanism of cast-iron sealing device based on taking Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI) and contact analysis into consideration and the complex dynamic pressure metal seal with ability of automatic compensation is proposed and verified that it can enhance the sealing ability of rotary vane steering gear up to 10MPa and improve power density of steering gear which has important significance to improving controllability of ship.

22

Yang, Wenlin, Peng Wu, Xiaoqi Zhou, Puqiang Zhu, and Xinyu Liu. "Central Pattern Generator Model Design and Gait Control Research of Amphibious Robotic Fish." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012109.

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Abstract Central Pattern Generator (CPG) has the characteristics of strong adaptability and various output forms, which is suitable for amphibious robotic fish whose environment may change at any time. According to the bionic prototype, the Hopf oscillators on ipsilateral and contralateral side were coupled to form a CPG network topology model, which was used to control the steering gear and realize the waveform propulsion of the fins. In MATLAB, parameters such as amplitude and frequency were set for the model to obtain the motion characteristics under five actual gaits. The output curve is consistent with the theory and the conversion flow field is smooth, which proves the correctness of the CPG model and can be used as the target of subsequent simulation. Finally, through ADAMS and MATLAB co-simulation, the output swing angle curve of the controlled object (steering gear) is obtained, which accords with the abovementioned control goal. This guaranteed the effectiveness of CPG model control. Moreover, the centroid and torque of the steering gear changes in the gait process of crawling and steering are especially analyzed, these changes indicate that the steering gear does not lose too much power during the rigid contact between the fin and the ground and prove the practical feasibility of the theory.

23

Zheng, J. Y., and R. E. Reid. "Design Analysis of Ship Steering Gear Control Systems." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 110, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3257054.

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The paper presents design analyses of ship steering gear control systems. Emphasis is placed on compressibility, leakage, friction, hydrodynamic damping, limiter and relay aspects of systems design. Computer simulation results are presented to assess the effect of design parameters on system performance for two different steering system/ship configurations. A design example is presented to show the main steps for designing a steering gear control system using single-loop bang-bang control with a variable capacity pump. The performance of the system is shown to be good.

24

Li, Hongtao, Wentie Niu, Shengli Fu, and Dawei Zhang. "Multiobjective Optimization of Steering Mechanism for Rotary Steering System Using Modified NSGA-II and Fuzzy Set Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/875872.

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Due to the complicated design process of gear train, optimization is a significant approach to improve design efficiency. However, the design of gear train is a complex multiobjective optimization with mixed continuous-discrete variables under numerous nonlinear constraints, and conventional optimization algorithms are not suitable to deal with such optimization problems. In this paper, based on the established dynamic model of steering mechanism for rotary steering system, the key component of which is a planetary gear set with teeth number difference, the optimization problem of steering mechanism is formulated to achieve minimum dynamic responses and outer diameter by optimizing structural parameters under geometric, kinematic, and strength constraints. An optimization procedure based on modified NSGA-II by incorporating dynamic crowding distance strategies and fuzzy set theory is applied to the multiobjective optimization. For comparative purpose, NSGA-II is also employed to obtain Pareto optimal set, and dynamic responses of original and optimized designs are compared. The results show the optimized design has better dynamic responses with minimum outer diameter and the response decay decreases faster. The optimization procedure is feasible to the design of gear train, and this study can provide guidance for designer at the preliminary design phase of mechanical structures with gear train.

25

Kozlov, D. G., and A. S. Durmanov. "Steering system of universal all-wheel steer tractor." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 9 (September 15, 2015): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66038.

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26

Su, Li Gang, Lu Qian Duan, and Chang Liu. "Simulation of Drive System for some Type of Amphibious Armored Vehicle Based on AMESim." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1617.

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How to use simulation software AMESim to build the drive system model of some type of armored assault vehicle is introduced. Accelerating and steering on various kinds of roads and those with different gradients are dynamically simulated. The analysis of the performance parameters changing with time of each gear, driving shaft, hydraulic steering gear, driving wheel and engine will provide theoretic references for improvement of this vehicle.

27

Li, Chao, Yi Qun Yang, and Xu Yao Hao. "The Design and Implementation Approach of a Dual Redundant Servo Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.198.

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To solve the problem of steering gear and its bypass electromagnetic interference to servo controller communication system. Design of a four-steering gear control system based on dual redundant communication CAN bus and RS422 bus communication. Analysis Method of voting dual redundant data communications. Introduction implementation of the servo controller. The experimental results show that this system has good fault tolerance and noise immunity.

28

Chernukhin, R. V. "Reliability of the Steering Gear of Truck Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 379 (August 2013): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.379.36.

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Findings concerning wear process of steering gear joints of the truck vehicles are provided. Characteristics of probability of no-failure operation as a function of wear rate of steering joints and pivot connections are determined.

29

Lin, Zhao An, Yi Wei Mo, Wei Huang, and Yang Yang Sun. "The Optimized Analysis of Recirculating-Ball Hydraulic Power Steering Gear Based on Orthogonal Experiment." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1264.

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To optimized the structure parameters of steering gear assembled in low speed truck,an orthogonal experiment is designed within rang of variation of the structure parameters,under the guide of vehicle handing and stability comprehensive evaluation indexes.One optimum parameter group is obtained by analyzing the influence of structure parameters on evaluation indexes based on the simulation of the established and verified model of the truck steering system.The optimum parameters group is demonstrated can be benefit to the vehicle handing and stability through contrasting the original structure parameters,and achieving the objective of power steering gear structure parameters optimized analysis.

30

Varin, J. D. "Fracture characteristics of steering gear sector shafts." Practical Failure Analysis 2, no. 4 (August 2002): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02715456.

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31

Reid, R. E., and J. Y. Zheng. "Time Domain Simulation of Ship Steering Gear Control Systems." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 108, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231246.

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Considering the effects of oil compressibility, leakage, hydrodynamic damping and friction, in addition to other nonlinearities, such as bang-bang relay, pump saturation and limiters of oil pressure and pump flow, the performance of five different types of ship steering gear control systems are examined using digital computer simulation techniques. Three of the controllers examined are “bang-bang” controllers, while the remaining two are “analog”. The behavior and performance of the various systems on three ship configurations are compared. It is shown that the analog steering gear controllers can be expected to demonstrate superior performance of the ship/steering system in calm water operations.

32

Xiang, Dan, Yong Bin Chi, Kai Qi Huang, and Wei Xu. "Research on New Varying Gear Ratio System." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.800.

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A new automotive varying gear ratio system(VGRS)is introduced in this paper. Based on the analysis of foreign advanced theory in this field, a relationship among road wheel angle, steering wheel angle and vehicle speed is derived in order to achieve the optimum steering control for cornering and emergency maneuvers, whilst retaining the high-speed stability.

33

Benyeogor, Mbadiwe, and Sushant Kumar. "Geometrical Analysis and Design of Tension-Actuated Ackermann Steering System for Quad-Wheeled Robots." Scientific Review, no. 61 (January 20, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/sr.61.7.13.

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The tension-actuated steering system is a vehicular steering design that comprises a motorized gear system, pulleys, inelastic string, main steering bar, and a strain gauge. This development is aimed to produce a steering design that could enhance the efficiency of steering systems in quad-wheeled (i.e. four-wheeled) robots. In this work, the steering system of conventional passenger vehicles and existing quad-wheeled robots are reviewed and their technical deficiencies are improved based on cost, power and production factors. Thus, the tension-actuated steering system is proposed as a solution for mechanizing steering functions in quad-wheeled robots. It is expected that this work will stimulate interest and enthusiasm.

34

NICOLIN, Bogdan Adrian, and Ilie NICOLIN. "Experimental research of hydraulic cylinder with the built-in throttle for steering the front landing gear wheel." INCAS BULLETIN 14, no. 4 (December 2, 2022): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.4.19.

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This paper presents the experimental research method of a hydraulic cylinder used for steering the front landing gear wheel. A mechanical-hydraulic steering system is operated by two interchangeable hydraulic cylinders acting in tandem to rotate the movable sub-assembly that contains the front landing gear wheel. Each hydraulic cylinder is designed with a built-in throttle to equalize the speed of the hydraulic cylinder rod traveling in both directions of movement (extension and retraction). During the experiments, three constructive variants of the built-in throttle will be used to obtain the optimal variant.

35

Pan, Dao Yuan, Peng Peng Wu, Zhong Xue Gao, and Yu Zeng Zhang. "The Analysis on the Tribological Properties of TPU/PVC Blends under Oil Lubrication." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.94.

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Based on actual working conditions and parameters of the hydraulic steering gear, the purpose is optimizing the rubber seal of steering gear by different rubbers mixing technology. Compare the five kinds of rubber with metal of the friction characteristics in dynamic fit, it can obtain a performance excellent rubber real in the specific operation conditions. And then improve the overall service life of the steering gear. It is first prepared the same hardness TPU and PVC and blends that the ratio is 3:7, 5:5and7:3 in this article. The pros and cons of the five rubbers are analyzed in friction and wear properties of the above experimental. The test curve of coefficient friction and wear with time has been done under different load at constant low speed. It determines TPU/PVC = 3:7 blends through friction and wear and wear mechanism of five rubbers with steel comparatively analyses, and the heat resistance and wear resistance of them are better than the other TPU/PVC blends and PVC under oil lubrication conditions.

36

SHIMIZU, Yasuo. "Development of VGS(Variable Gear-ratio Steering : "With the aim of ideal steering"." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2001.10 (2001): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2001.10.9.

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37

Mahadevan Pichandi, Mohan B, Jagadeesh S, and Balaji S. "Conventional Four-bar Linkage Steering System Adoption for Underslung Front Suspension." ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology 2, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): p249–255. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.2.3.1.

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Recirculating ball (RCB) steering gear with four-bar linkage steering system is widely used in commercial vehicles with rigid front axle and over slung suspension owing to their architectural arrangement. The usage of RCB steering gear with four-bar linkage steering system with underslung suspension is not commercialized globally due to complexity of packaging suspension and steering linkages. Few automotive OEMs have studied and implemented Y link steering system in place of four-bar linkage steering system for underslung suspension arrangement. Y link steering system has got its inherent disadvantages such as higher bump steer, poor self-centering, complex linkages, more number of parts and less tire life. Further this arrangement is comparatively costlier than four-bar linkage steering system owing to their higher number of parts. In this paper, an extensive analysis has been made to implement the four-bar linkage steering system for underslung suspension vehicle. In this arrangement, the track rod (one of the links of a four-bar linkage system) is packaged above the leaf spring unlike in vehicles with overslung spring. Due to this unique arrangement, there exists some challenges in critical parameter optimization and packaging which are addressed in this paper. A mathematical model was developed to arrive at optimum steering and suspension geometry inorder to reduce the Ackerman error for better tire life and improve vehicle handling characteristics. By solving this mathematical model, optimum hardpoints can be arrived to achieve less Ackerman error, lower steering effort, lower bump steer, better steering returnability and best in class tire life. The present paper shows a possible approach to define the optimized steering and suspension linkages from the existing complex geometry with underslung suspension. This attempt is first of its kind in automotive industry and if commercialized successfully will go a long way in improving steering performance and cost savings for the vehicles with underslung suspension.

38

Ji, S. W., J. M. Oh, E. S. Jeong, B. K. Kim, and I. Y. Lee. "Estimation of Load on Ship's Hydraulic Steering Gear." Journal of The Korean Society for Fluid Power & Construction Equipments 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7839/ksfc.2015.12.1.015.

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39

Tomita, Yukio. "New Concepts of Rudders,Steering Gear and Rudder Systems - Schilling Rudders, Rotary Vane Steering Gear and Vectwin Rudder Systems (1)." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 45, no. 2 (2010): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.45.241.

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40

Tomita, Yukio. "New Concepts of Rudders,Steering Gear and Rudder Systems - Schilling Rudders, Rotary Vane Steering Gear and Vectwin Rudder Systems (2)." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 45, no. 3 (2010): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.45.385.

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41

Tomita, Yukio. "New Concepts of Rudders,Steering Gear and Rudder Systems - Schilling Rudders, Rotary Vane Steering Gear and Vectwin Rudder Systems (3)." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 45, no. 4 (2010): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.45.561.

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42

Gu, Peng, Guo Biao Shi, and Yi Lin. "Study on Mechanism of Active Front Steering Based on Harmonic Drive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 274 (January 2013): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.274.17.

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The steering ratio of vehicle can be changed by attaching a angle, Changing the steering gear ratio can improve the safety in high-speed and comfort in low-speed and the vehicle steering stability. The paper introduces an active front steering system (AFS) based on harmonic drive, the composition and working principle of the system are analyzed, and the kinematic analysis of the system is researched, finally, the self-control mechanism and integrated control mechanism with other stability system are studied.

43

NOMURA, Sachiyo, Hidehisa YOSHIDA, and Masao NAGAI. "3207 Analysis of Driver's Steering Behavior by Changing the Relation between Steering Gear Ratio and Steering Torque." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2006.15 (2006): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2006.15.199.

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44

Bing, Meng, Fang Xiu Jia, and Wen Jin Yao. "The Rotational Speed Measurement of Brushless DC Motor Based on STM32 Microcontroller." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.891.

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The brushless DC motor applied on the electric steering gear of trajectory correction projectiles often requires getting real-time rotational speed value. The hall sensors output the hall signals for measurement, after the integration by the D-type flip-flop, an ideal pulse can be produced. Afterwards STM32F103ZE microcontroller is used to calculate the rotational speed value of the motor by the Improved M/T method. The resolution and precision can be analyzed after getting the result. This rotational speed measurement system has high precision and good real-time characteristics. It is significant for the meaning of the correction of the steering gear.

45

Wang, An Min, and Ming Tang. "Systematic Design of Electronic Steering Wheel in Steer-by-Wire of Engineering Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1196.

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This paper introduces a design of electronic steering wheel system of steer-by-wire. The whole system applies incomplete gear mechanism to save transmission space, and the design of stop dog mechanism can not only realize operating mode conversion under any condition, but aslo freely design force transfer characteristic and angle transfer characteristic of vehicle steering system, thus it is a renovation in steering system of engineering vehicles.

46

Butt, Muhammad Atif, Faisal Riaz, Shehzad Khalid, Samia Abid, Muhammad Asif Habib, Sarmad Shafique, and Kijun Han. "Micro-electromechanical system based optimized steering angle estimation mechanism for customized self-driving vehicles." Measurement and Control 54, no. 3-4 (March 2021): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00202940211000076.

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In an automated steering system of the self-driving vehicles, the steering wheel angle is measured by the absolute angular displacement sensors or relative angle sensors. However, these sensors either encompass global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)/gyroscope – Micro Electromechanical-Sensor (MEMS) based solutions or comprise of the complex gear-based mechanical structure which results in latency and additive bias in the accumulative steering angle assessment. To address these issues, we propose a novel steering angle assessment system based on enhanced gear mechanism along with the adapted rotation paradigm for the customized self-driving vehicles. Additionally, a digital signal processing system has been introduced to resolve the issues in the identification of absolute central and max-bounding steering wheels position in self-driving vehicles. In assistance with the proposed mechanism, an algorithm has also been proposed to optimize the computed steering angle to minimalize the effect of additive bias in the accuracy. The proposed mechanism has been installed in the customized self-driving testbed vehicle and rigor validation has been performed in the straight and curvy road scenarios. Finally, the comparison study has been carried out between the conventional relative sensor and the proposed mechanism to show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in terms of error rate, stability, and deviation.

47

Kim, Seong Han. "Worm gear efficiency model considering misalignment in electric power steering systems." Mechanical Sciences 9, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-9-201-2018.

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Abstract. This study proposes a worm gear efficiency model considering misalignment in electric power steering systems. A worm gear is used in Column type Electric Power Steering (C-EPS) systems and an Anti-Rattle Spring (ARS) is employed in C-EPS systems in order to prevent rattling when the vehicle goes on a bumpy road. This ARS plays a role of preventing rattling by applying preload to one end of the worm shaft but it also generates undesirable friction by causing misalignment of the worm shaft. In order to propose the worm gear efficiency model considering misalignment, geometrical and tribological analyses were performed in this study. For geometrical analysis, normal load on gear teeth was calculated using output torque, pitch diameter of worm wheel, lead angle and normal pressure angle and this normal load was converted to normal pressure at the contact point. Contact points between the tooth flanks of the worm and worm wheel were obtained by mathematically analyzing the geometry, and Hertz's theory was employed in order to calculate contact area at the contact point. Finally, misalignment by an ARS was also considered into the geometry. Friction coefficients between the tooth flanks were also researched in this study. A pin-on-disk type tribometer was set up to measure friction coefficients and friction coefficients at all conditions were measured by the tribometer. In order to validate the worm gear efficiency model, a worm gear was prepared and the efficiency of the worm gear was predicted by the model. As the final procedure of the study, a worm gear efficiency measurement system was set and the efficiency of the worm gear was measured and the results were compared with the predicted results. The efficiency considering misalignment gives more accurate results than the efficiency without misalignment.

48

Dyda, Alexander Aleksandrovich, Van Thanh Nguyen, and Dmitry Aleksandrovich Oskin. "Ship course control system with compensation of external disturbance on steering gear." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-4-34-42.

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The article focuses on developing synthesis methods for automatic heading control systems for the rudder-controlled sea vessel. The solution of the problem of vessel heading control is carried out in the conditions of heavy sea. The disturbing effect of the external water environment causes the vessel yawning, which results in exceeding activity of the steering gear. This leads to its increased wear and loss in the longitudinal speed of the vessel. To reduce the wave effect there has been supposed an approach based on the additionally introduced internal model of the ship dynamics. The given approach is aimed at improving the operation of the steering gear in rough seas. To implement the proposed algorithm, changes are made to the original system by introducing an internal model in parallel to the control object and modifying the feedback channel of the control system. To describe the sea vessel dynamics there is used the 1st order Nomoto model, the steering gear model is implemented in accordance with the imposed speed limits and the rudder shift value. Wave disturbance is close to harmonic disturbance. The identification of the parameters of the internal model can be carried out in advance, both by maneuvering tests and by the process of operation. Numerical simulations carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink system confirmed the advantage of the proposed approach. The synthesis of control in a system with an internal model makes it possible to significantly neutralize the influence of wave disturbance. The modifications introduced to the original control system help to improve functioning of the steering gear, significantly reducing the number of rudder shifts during operation.

49

Yu, Sui Ran, and Jing Tao. "Optimal Design of Automotive Steering Column Bearing by Simulated Annealing Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1486.

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The steering column assembly which connects the steering wheel and the steering gear is a very important part of the steering system. This paper presented the optimization design and testing of the steering column upper bearing of an upcoming automobile targeting the 2010-2015 Chinese market. The design problems were formulated into an optimization problem and were solved by Simulated Annealing Algorithm. 6 sample bearings were produced according to the optimization results and tests of steering upper bearing durability, steering shaft looseness and rotation effects performed on each sample to verify the optimized design. According to the test results, the optimal design of the steering column upper bearing is reliable. By using the Simulated Annealing Algorithm, the design time and costs of the steering upper bearing were reduce at least by 2 months and 60,000 USD, respectively.

50

Vu, Minh Hung, Ngoc Thai Huynh, Khoi Nguyen Nguyen, Anh Son Tran, and Quoc Manh Nguyen. "Optimal Stress and Strain of Helical Gear and Rack in the Steering System." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.090316.

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The steering system in the car assumes the task of navigating when the car is in motion. It not only plays a technical role but also performs a crucial role in vehicle safety. In this study, the model of a steering system with helical gear and incline rack was created by Solidworks. And the maximum principal stress, and maximum principal strain of helical gear and rack were determined by finite element analysis in ANSYS. The data of simulation were used to minimize the stress and the strain by the Taguchi method based on grey relational analysis. The results of finite element analysis indicated that input variables have significantly affected on stress and strain of gear and rack. And then the problems are verified by analysis of the signal to noise, analysis of variance, and regression analysis. All are in good agreement with the error of the predicted value and optimal value of GRG is 0.022%. The optimal results of the stress and strain of gear and rack achieved 0.1638 MPa and 0.0188 MPa, 7.676 x10-7 mm and 3.5687x10-7 mm, respectively.