Дисертації з теми "Statut social – Chine"
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1
Liao, Hehui. "Les situations locales engendrées par les bouleversements actuels de l’espace régional pékinois." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100023.
Анотація:
Le gradualisme de la réforme chinoise et le dualisme des systèmes économiques sont les produits d’un compromis entre la conservation d’anciens systèmes politiques et le lancement de nouveaux systèmes économiques. Cette thèse est consacrée à l’observation des répercussions sociales et individuelles des bouleversements en cours dans la région urbaine de Pékin. Nous avons sélectionné, sur dix terrains, dix groupes humains dont les cinq premiers sont "perdants" et les cinq autres "gagnants", au moins sur le plan matériel. Les "perdants" ont des sorts différents en fonction de leur statut : les ouvriers sont précarisés en raison de la faillite de nombreuses entreprises étatiques, les paysans privés d’indemnités face à l’urbanisation de leurs terres, les paysans ouvriers spoliés de leurs droits sociaux sur les lieux où ils travaillent, etc. Les "gagnants" matériels, classe moyenne émergente, connaissent une crise morale due à un brouillage des valeurs et des fins. Dans le maelström urbain, perdants et gagnants sont confrontés à la complicité des promoteurs immobiliers et des gouvernements locaux, à la connivence des trafiquants et des grandes entreprises, etc. La loi est peu respectée, et la non-indépendance du système judiciaire est sans doute l’un des principaux problèmes de la Chine d’aujourd’huiThe gradualism of Chinese reform and the dualism of economic systems are the products of a compromise between the old political systems and the new economic systems. This thesis is devoted to the observation of social and individual repercussions stemming from the present upheavals in the urban region of Beijing. We selected ten human groups on ten pieces of land: the first five groups are "losers" and the other five groups are "winners", at least materially. The "losers" have different fates in accordance with their status: precarious workers because of the bankruptcy of many public enterprises, peasants deprived of their allowance confronted with the urbanization of their lands, the peasant workers deprived of their social rights on the places where they work, etc. The material "winners", emergent middle class, undergo a moral crisis coming from an interference of values and purposes. In the urban maelstrom, losers and winners are faced with the complicity between house developers and local governments, the complicity between traffickers and large-scale enterprises, etc. The law is hardly respected, and the not-independence of judicial system is no doubt one of the principal problems of China today
2
Faullimmel, Matthieu. "L'adoption de la nouveauté par les consommateurs. Séquence et développement dans le cas de la Chine contemporaine." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL197.
Анотація:
Cette recherche vise à expliquer et comprendre le déroulement de l'adoption de la nouveauté par les consommateurs, de l'action de quelques-uns à l'adoption collective, voire l'institutionnalisation d'un marché de la nouveauté. Les historiens établissent un lien fort entre le développement de l'adoption de la nouveauté et celui de nouvelles strates intermédiaires. La Chine des années 2010 offre un cas d'étude idéal. La comparaison historique permet de formuler l'hypothèse de dynamiques statutaires différentes en Europe et en Chine, et d'une régulation différente des statuts. Une matrice contextuelle expliquant l'adoption est construite et appliquée aux modèles de seuils pour définir des séquences typiques conduisant à l'adoption collective de la nouveauté. Plusieurs réseaux de jeunes adoptants de nouvelles technologies diplômés du supérieur sont suivis entre 2010 et 2015 au moyen d'entretiens individuels approfondis (video-chat, échanges informels et recoupement de sources digitales). L'analyse montre l'existence de chaînes d'adoption, et met en lumière le rôle de relayeurs de la nouveauté. Elle permet de décrire deux séquences typiques de passage à l'adoption collective en restituant la significativité des contextes dans lesquels adoptant et relayeur s'apparient. Les récits d'adoption sont resitués dans le contexte de l'évolutions des carrières professionnelles et conjugales. Ils permettent de comprendre le lien entre adoption et nouvelles strates intermédiaires. Ces dernières sont porteuses de différentes visions de la nouveauté marchande et de la modernisation. Le contexte de réformes et de transition chinois d'après 1978 apparaît comme un lieu favorable à cette double configurationThe purpose of this research is to explain and understand the adoption of novelty by consumers as a dynamic phenomenon, from its initial stage as an individual action to the collective one and finally as a novelty market. Historical studies highlight the link between the development of novelty adoption and the one of intermediate social strata. Historical comparison allows to formulate hypothesis: different status dynamics and State regulation of status. A contextual matrix is built to define contexts explaining adoption. Inspired by threshold models, typical sequences of collective adoption can be defined. Several networks of young adopters who recently graduated are identified and tracked between 2010 and 2010 (through video-chat in depth individual interviews, informal message exchange and online research). The analysis highlights the existence of novelty chains, and the role of novelty passers. It allows to describe two typical sequences of the collective adoption of novelty and restore the significance of contexts in which adopters and passers match together. Adoption stories are analyzed in the context of career and conjugal life transitions. They illuminate the link between the adoption of market novelty and new intermediate social strata. The Chinese context of transition and reforms after 1978 appears as a typical locus for this double configuration
3
Huang, Yuchen. "Meritocracy and Redistribution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0022.
Анотація:
Cette thèse de doctorat explore la relation entre la croyance en la méritocratie et la demande de redistribution, en mettant l’accent sur la Chine. Elle remet en question l’hypothèse courante de la littérature selon laquelle les résultats liés à l’effort sont considérés comme justes et ne nécessitent pas de redistribution, tandis que ceux liés aux circonstances et chances sont perçus comme injustes et justifient la redistribution.Dans le premier chapitre, à partir de données d’enquêtes internationales, je constate que de telles préférences se trouvent principalement dans les pays Occidentaux, Éduqués, Industrialisés, Riches et Démocratiques (WEIRD), en particulier les nations anglo-saxonnes et protestantes européennes. Une corrélation positive entre la croyance en le rôle de l’effort dans la réussite et la demande de redistribution est répandue dans les pays en dehors du monde développé occidental, où plus on croit que l’effort paye, plus on désire la redistribution. Le deuxième chapitre, co-écrit avec Yuqian Nora Chen et Zhexun Mo, présente une expérience d’enquête auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de chinois, où les répondants réduisent significativement leur demande de redistribution lorsqu’ils voient des exemples de personnes devenant riches par des moyens non forcément méritocratiques mais représentatifs de la période de transition du marché. Une enquête subsidiaire confirme que les répondants ne considèrent pas ces exemples comme des signes de capacité personnelle extraordinaire ou d’inefficacité gouvernementale. Nous concluons que ces exemples représentant les chanceux de la transition bénéficient d’une grande légitimité parmi les chinois pour deux raisons potentielles : l’équité relative par rapport à l’inégalité politique avant la réforme et l’intérêt personnel pour l’ensemble de la population à justifier le gain dans le processus de transition.Le troisième chapitre, co-écrit avec Margot Belguise et Zhexun Mo, discute l’une des raisons potentielles d’une telle préférence dans le cas de la Chine : une forte conformité au statu quo. Nous revisitons un résultat expérimental récent par Almås et al. (2021) où le peuple chinois semble ne pas faire la différence entre les inégalités basées sur le mérite et la chance. Nous proposons que ce phénomène pourrait être dû à une plus grande adhésion du public chinois au statu quo, ce qui conduit à une préférence apparemment faible pour la redistribution à la fois lorsque l’inégalité est due à l’effort et à la chance. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons mené une expérience de redistribution incitative avec des étudiants d’universités d’élite en Chine et en France, en faisant varier la répartition initiale des gains entre deux travailleurs réels à redistribuer. Nous montrons que les répondants chinois choisissent de manière cohérente et significative plus de non-redistribution (en jouant le statu quo) dans les deux scénarios de statu quo très inégal et relativement égal que nos répondants français ; et que les répondants chinois qui s’éloignent du statu quo font la différence entre les inégalités basées sur le mérite et la chance. Notamment, nos résultats montrent que la conformité des individus chinois au statu quo est particulièrement prononcée chez ceux issus de familles de classe ouvrière et agricole, tandis qu’elle est remarquablement absente chez les individus dont les familles travaillent le secteur privéThis PhD dissertation studies the relationship between belief in meritocracy and demand for redistribution with survey and experimental data and with a particular focus on China. Specifically, the dissertation revisits a commonly used assumption in the literature which equates the differences in results due to effort or personal responsibility with fairness and un-redistributability, and those due to circumstances or luck with unfairness and demand for redistribution.In the first chapter I use cross-national survey data to explore whether the assumption of meritocratic preference hold across the world. I found that that such preferences these preferences are mainly, if not only, found in Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries, especially Anglo-Saxon and Protestant European natiions. A positive correlation between belief in the role of effort in success and demand for redistribution is widespread in countries outside of the western developed world, where the more one believes that effort pays off, the more he or she desires redistribution.The second chapter, co-authored with Yuqian Nora Chen and Zhexun Mo, is a survey experiment with a representative sample of China citizens which shows that the respondents significantly reduces their demand for redistribution when they see examples of people getting rich via non-meritocratic ways that are representative of the market transition period. A subsidiary survey further confirms that the respondents do not understand these examples as signs of personal ability or governmental inefficiency. We conclude that those examples representing the lucky few in the transition process enjoy a high legitimacy among the Chinese respondents for two potential reasons: relative fairness compared to pre-reform politically manufactured inequality and a self-interest motivation for the whole population to justify the gain in the transition process.The third chapter, co-authored with Margot Belguise and Zhexun Mo, discusses one of the potential reasons of such preference, at least in the case of China: a strong status quo conformity. We revisit a recent experimental result by Almås et al. (2021) where the Chinese people appear to not differentiate between merit- and luck-based inequalities. We propose that this phenomenon might be due to the Chinese public’s greater adherence towards the status quo which lead to a seemingly low preference for redistribution both when inequality is due to effort and due to luck. In order to test this hypothesis, we run an incentivized redistribution experiment with elite university students in China and France, by varying the initial split of payoffs between two real-life workers to redistribute from. We show that Chinese respondents consistently and significantly choose more non- redistribution (playing the status quo) across both highly unequal and relatively equal status quo scenarios than our French respondents; and that the Chinese respondents who move away from status quo do differentiate between merit- and luck-based inequalities. Notably, our findings show that Chinese individuals’ conformity to the status quo is particularly pronounced among those from families of working-class and farming backgrounds, while it is conspicuously absent among individuals whose families have closer ties to the private sector
4
Meng, Fang. "Current public relations status in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1450865.
5
Law, Man-shing, and 羅萬成. "Social status and friendship patterns among students with learning difficulties." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31957973.
6
Chan, Wai, and 陳衛. "Social indicators for health in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975689.
7
Li, Dian S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Social status and governmental trust : a study of civil society organizations in Guangzhou, China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62469.
Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
Previously, two extreme points describe civil society organizers' intention to engage with the government. Western modernization theories suggest that all civil society organizations oppose the state; and State-dominant theories claim that all the civil society groups depend on the state and support the state. Based on my two months' fieldwork in Guangzhou City between May and July 2010, however, I find that some civil society organizations support the state while other groups oppose the state. Specifically, elite civil society organizations, which are established by people with mid or high social status, have more contacts with the government and show low trust in the government. On the other hand, non-elite civil society organizations, which are established by people with low social status, have fewer contacts with the government and show their willingness to engage with the government. This conclusion is valid in both the public good provision organizations and the advocacy groups. Four case studies of civil society groups in Guangzhou are used to illustrate the points above.
by Dian Li.
S.M.
8
Rodríguez, Navarrete Yuri. "Cambios socio espaciales y morfológicos en una comuna de alto status social del Gran Santiago : el caso de Vitacura." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113278.
Анотація:
GeógrafoDesde la década de los ochenta hasta la actualidad, Santiago de Chile y específicamente el sector nororiente de la ciudad han sufrido un cambio significativo en su extensión y fisonomía. En este contexto el territorio de Vitacura ha tenido que enfrentar un cambio en sus características socioespaciales y urbanas las cuales tuvieron una modificación en los patrones demográficos comunales Así los usos y la edificación se han visto influenciados por la cercanía al distrito comercial y de negocios del área oriente de la ciudad, mostrando un patrón de distribución de las edificaciones en altura en torno a las principales avenidas, lo mismo que las actividades comerciales y de servicios, lo cual se ha presentado de manera paulatina en el tiempo pero intensificada en períodos de boom económico. Producto de esta dinámica, la comuna ha ido adquiriendo una morfología urbana y estructura socio espacial que muestra una tendencia a la diversificación en la estructura edificatoria y una transformación de las funciones residenciales únicas, a una situación de servicios de alto standard.
9
Malig, Velasco Joaquín Tomás. "Protocolo de evaluación temprana del impacto de los emprendimientos sociales del área startup de Socialab." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131661.
Анотація:
Ingeniero Civil IndustrialSocialab es una plataforma de emprendimientos sociales disruptivos, que busca generar soluciones a problemáticas asociadas a la pobreza y la desigualdad a través de la co-creación y el trabajo en red con los distintos actores de la sociedad. Surge a partir de Un Techo para Chile y actualmente, independizado, cuenta con 3 líneas de acción; Concursos, Consultorías a empresas para promover I+D y por último, el área Startup. En esta última línea de acción, Socialab integra a emprendedores en un ecosistema de innovación y emprendimiento social, facilitando el desarrollo de proyectos con valor compartido y la validación de su impacto. Cada emprendedor recibe articulación, espacio de trabajo en conjunto, apoyo comunicacional, redes de contacto y metodología para convertir su proyecto en una empresa social. Actualmente, esta área cuenta con un mecanismo de pre-evaluación para los proyectos que considera aspectos como la sustentabilidad, escalabilidad, cuán disruptiva es la innovación, evaluación del equipo de emprendedores y por último, impacto social del proyecto. Sin embargo, es un sistema de evaluación deficiente, por lo poco riguroso de su aplicación, inexistencia de indicadores -en particular para el impacto social de los proyectos- y además, escaso seguimiento de los mismos. De esta manera, el presente Trabajo de Título consiste en una investigación de diversas metodologías de evaluación de proyectos y posteriormente, una definición de un Protocolo de evaluación temprana de impacto de los emprendimientos sociales del área Startup de Socialab . Dicho Protocolo combina herramientas de evaluación de impacto y herramientas de evaluación teórica de proyecto. Consiste en los 6 siguientes pasos: (1) Conceptualización del Startup, (2) Operacionalización de los Indicadores, (3) Definición de Línea de Base, (4) Definición de Línea de Startup, (5) Cálculo de Contraste y (6) Estimación de Impacto. De esta manera, este Protocolo de evaluación temprana de impacto permitirá priorizar y justificar el uso de recursos de Socialab en los diversos proyectos incubados en su área Startup. Finalmente, este Protocolo fue implementado en el Startup Algramo, dedicado al vending de productos de la canasta básica, a través de dispensadores ubicados en almacenes de barrio. La propuesta de estos emprendedores es lograr ofrecer productos a granel, a bajo precio a las familias y con políticas de un comercio justo a los almaceneros. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, destaca el hecho de que el formato de venta de Algramo es una opción viable para solucionar el llamado castigo de la pobreza , generando disminuciones en los precios de ventas de productos a escasas familias de hasta 40%, logrando una relación sustentable con los almaceneros tanto en calidad de servicio (menor carga laboral, buenos estándares de higiene de los productos) cómo en eficiencia (mayores rentabilidades porcentuales de hasta un 10,8% de diferencia).
10
Saksena, Michelle J. "Three Essays on the Social Science of Obesity." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405893684.
11
Pan, Peng. "School situation and social conditions of children with ASD in mainland China : A Systematic Literature Review from 2011-2017." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, CHILD, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43190.
Анотація:
This study focuses on the situation and social conditions in school for primary and secondary school students with ASD in mainstream schools in Mainland China. Based on the current situation in China, although compulsory education has been popularized at an early stage, under the system of examination-oriented education, the distribution of educational resources is very uneven. Searches for published journals and articles with relevant program for children with ASD have been carried through several databases, and six articles are included as results. Few relevant studies concerning the current situation in mainland China exist. The social condition and school situation of children with ASD is complex and vary between environments. Thus it is hard to determine what education mode that is the most appropriate for children with ASD as well as the support they need. Limitation of the study and future research is also discussed in the thesis
12
Kwok, Yin-fung Pauly, and 郭賢鳳. "Effects of socioeconomic status, social support and psychological status on alcohol consumption in people aged 50 or older: a cross sectional study of baseline data from theGuangzhou Biobank Cohort Study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3972444X.
13
Pang, Yu-on, and 彭宇安. "To study the professional status of social workers in secondary settings in Hong Kong with special reference to medical socialservice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31248718.
14
Li, Wing Ling. "Peer relation of Hong Kong primary school children : sociometric status and social characteristics." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1994. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/30.
15
Wigell, Mikael. "Governing the poor : the transformation of social governance in Argentina and Chile." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/524/.
Анотація:
A crucial phenomenon during the last two decades has been the transformation of social governance. New orientations in social policy have radically altered the roles of the state, market and civil society in social provision. The thesis proposes a framework for understanding this transformation of social governance that links political leaders’strategic calculations to the particular political challenges they face as a result of changes in the socioeconomic environment as well as to the ideas and institutions that shape their reform attempts. Importantly, it shows how the “pluralist” social policy approach that was initiated by governments all over the developing world in the 1990s may lead to different modes of social governance with contrasting effects on statesociety relations. By drawing on a comparative analysis of Argentina and Chile, the thesis shows how this is highly contingent on regime institutions. In Argentina, regime institutions provide politicians with wide discretion in distributing social funds. The result has been a populist mode of social governance in which neo-clientelism serves to politicize the linkages between the political elites and subaltern sectors. In Chile, by contrast, regime institutions provide politicians with very little discretion in distributing social funds. This has resulted in a technocratic mode of social governance in which neo-pluralism serves to depoliticize the linkages between the political elites and subaltern sectors. Both outcomes differ markedly from widely made assumptions that couple the pluralist social policy approach with more participatory governance and poor people’s empowerment.
16
Mok, Wing-si Joyce. "Psychological status of single parents in hong kong: sex role behaviour and social support as moderators oflife stress." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29654099.
17
Theodore, Rachel. "L'inégalité des conditions et le mythe des élites. Réflexion sur les imaginaires sociaux du Chili contemporain." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH172.
Анотація:
Cette réflexion est une étude des imaginaires sociaux des sociétés modernes. En repartant de l’idéal égalitaire qui a engendré les sociétés d’Europe et d’Amérique du Nord, nous analysons le cas de l’Amérique latine et en particulier du Chili. Nous proposons une définition du concept de Tocqueville, « l’égalité des conditions », théorisée comme l’imaginaire social structurant des sociétés du nord. Par effet de miroir, nous démontrons que le principe qui a structuré les sociétés d’Amérique latine est, à l’inverse, un imaginaire d’« inégalité des conditions ». Cet imaginaire puise ses racines dans l’inégalité de considération entre les hommes, générant et reproduisant des pratiques sociales et des institutions inégales, notamment à partir d’un facteur racial originel. En analysant ces imaginaires sociaux de façon empirique, nous reconstituons ces deux imaginaires au sein de la société chilienne contemporaine. La recherche a mis en évidence que la matérialisation de l’imaginaire inégalitaire au sein du social se traduit principalement par le classisme et le mythe des élites, une idée partagée par toutes les classes sociales sur la supériorité des élites. Cependant, cet imaginaire central est aujourd’hui remis question par l’avènement d’un imaginaire périphérique, l’imaginaire égalitaire-individualiste, qui remet en question les structures hiérarchiques et verticales au niveau des interactions microsociales, des relations entre groupes sociaux ainsi que les institutions centralesThis study is a reflection on the social imaginaries which characterize modern societies. Beginning with the principal ideals which generated European and North American societies, we will then analyze the Latin American case, particularly in respect to Chile. We will explore the concept of De Tocqueville’s “equality of condition” proposed as the main and structuring social imaginary of Northern Hemisphere societies. Reflecting on this concept, we show that Latin America’s structuring principle is, on the contrary, an imaginary of “inequality of conditions.” This imaginary is derived from a fundamental inequality of consideration among men and women, generating and reproducing unequal social practices and institutions, all of which originated mainly due to racial factors. By analyzing these social imaginaries empirically, we can reconstitute these two imaginaries in contemporary Chilean society. This study shows that the imaginary of inequality has produced two fundamental elements: classism and the “myth of the elite”, an idea shared by all social classes concerning the elite’s superiority. Currently however, this central imaginary is contested by the emergence of another peripheral imaginary, the egalitarian-individualist, which questions the hierarchical and vertical structures in microsocial interactions, social relations and central institutions
18
Sarver, Joseph Michael. "The Status of Food Safety in China: A Systems Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397600140.
19
Kwok, Cho-yee Joey, and 郭祖宜. "The association between socioeconomic status and eating habits among adolescents in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50222818.
Анотація:
Background: The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and diet habits has been identified in many studies across the globe. However, studies about association between SES and dietary habits are limited in Hong Kong, especially among the adolescents. Therefore, this study was proposed to identify some of the SES measures and their association between some dietary choices among this population.
Objective: The primary objectives in this study is to describe the association of diet with socioeconomic position among Hong Kong‘s adolescents, and to assess whether the results differ depending on which indicator, parental education, parental occupation and family affluence, is used.
Method: This is a cross-sessional study carried out on 21,721 participants who are in Form 1 – Form 7 from 42 schools. Demographic variables; three SES measures: highest parental education, highest parental occupation and family affluence; and consumption frequency of four food groups: vegetables; fruits; high-fat foods; junk foods and soft drink were obtained and assessed by a standardized questionnaire. In cross-sectional analysis, multivariate logistic regression was used to identify association between the four food groups intake frequency and the three SES measures.
Result: Parental education is not found to be significantly associated with sufficient consumption of vegetable nor moderate/high consumption of high-fat foods and junk foods/ soft drink. However, it is found that adolescent with the highest parental education level (post-secondary level) have a higher likelihood of consuming sufficient fruits (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.65). Similarly to parental education, parental occupation is also found to be not significantly associated with sufficient consumption of vegetable and moderate/high consumption of high-fat foods, junk foods and soft drink. Conversely, a higher occupational status of the parent is associated with a less likelihood of the adolescent consuming sufficient amount of fruits. In terms of family affluence, a higher perceiving family economic status is found to be associated with a decrease tendency of consuming moderate-high consumption of junk foods and soft drink (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.96).
Conclusion: This study finding does not support the use of parental education and occupation as a proxy to measure the association between SES and dietary habit. On the other hand, findings implies that subjective appraisal of one‘s family affluence is a good determinant of sufficient intake of particular food groups.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
20
Alvarez-Klee, Roser. "Nutritional Status in China during the Maoist Period (1949-76)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673354.
Анотація:
En esta Tesis Doctoral se investiga el nivel de vida en China durante la época Maoísta (1949-1976). Este periodo de la historia de China está caracterizado por una época de crecimiento económico y desarrollo, pero también determinado por políticas públicas que conllevaron a períodos de atraso en el nivel de vida de su población. Previamente, este periodo se ha estudiado utilizando índices de bienestar como el PIB per cápita, la disponibilidad de alimento, la esperanza de vida, la mortalidad infantil o la educación. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han enfocado en los niveles de vida biológicos, a partir del análisis de datos antropométricos. Las fluctuaciones de la estatura de la población china durante esta época nos permiten valorar el impacto que tuvo la inestabilidad política del momento y los cambios constantes en las políticas públicas y económicas en el bienestar de la población. Por otra parte, el estatus nutricional nos da información sobre los niveles de ingesta de nutrientes y el contexto epidemiológico del momento, el cual determina de forma directa la talla final de los individuos. Por lo tanto, el uso de este índice de la salud, nos permite evaluar el acceso directo de la población a inputs económicos, nutricionales y de la salud.
Bajo este marco, esta tesis doctoral ofrece evidencia del estatus nutricional tanto a nivel nacional como a nivel regional, lo cual nos permite evidenciar las marcadas diferencias entre las provincias del norte y este del país, y las provincias localizadas en el oeste del país. Esta desigualdad regional, aún vigente en la China actual, se determina por su estructura poblacional y actividad económica, las cuales estaban estrechamente sujetas al sistema de bienestar público que se implementó desde los inicios de la victoria del Partido Comunista Chino en 1949. Siendo uno de los objetivos primordiales del gobierno Maoísta, sorprende que uno de los resultados de esta investigación demuestre el incremento en la desigualdad de género, así como en la desigualdad entre la población rural y urbana. A pesar de este aumento de la desigualdad entre diferentes grupos sociales, cabe resaltar que otro de los hallazgos que ofrece esta investigación es la mejora general de los niveles de vida biológicos y de la reducción en la desigualdad nacional.
Por otra parte, dado que uno de los inputs del estatus nutricional es el acceso a recursos sanitarios, esta tesis también recoge el análisis de la distribución de dichos recursos a nivel provincial. Este análisis, nos permite concluir dos puntos esenciales. Primeramente, encontramos una correlación significativa y positiva entre la disponibilidad de recursos sanitarios (por ejemplo, número de médicos por persona y hospitales) y la talla de la población. Segundo, los resultados muestran una menor inversión de dichos recursos en las regiones localizadas en el oeste del país. Este último punto sugiere que la desigualdad en los niveles de vida biológicos entre las regiones norte y este del país y las regiones localizadas en el oeste del país estaban parcialmente determinadas por la distribución desigual de los inputs sanitarios. Este mismo patrón se ve reflejado en la distribución desigual del alimento a nivel nacional.
Finalmente, como indicador de nivel de vida, esta tesis recoge el estudio de las crisis humanitarias que se registraron durante este período en la provincia de Henan. Esta región, con una alta densidad poblacional y mayoritariamente agraria, está localizada en el centro del país. Históricamente, la provincia ha sufrido de serias y recurrentes crisis alimentarias y demográficas. Dichas características dan valor a la investigación de esta región como caso de estudio para medir los niveles de vida. Uno de los objetivos principales de la investigación ha sido analizar de forma comparativa la hambruna del período del Gran Salto Adelante (GSA) (1959-61) y la hambruna de 1975. Ésta última registra dos puntos de interés primordiales. Primero, en la actualidad, la hambruna de 1975 aun no ha sido oficialmente reconocida por el gobierno chino. Segundo, pocos académicos se han concentrado en su análisis. El estudio comparativo de ambas crisis, se hace a partir de varias estimaciones que nos permiten recoger el impacto en la producción de grano, la pérdida de vidas, la magnitud e intensidad de la hambruna, y, finalmente, el impacto en el estatus nutricional de la población. Los resultados ofrecen una visión más pesimista que la que ha ofrecido el gobierno chino en la actualidad. Por una parte, registramos una pérdida de vidas 4 veces mayor a la figura oficial, así como una pérdida de casi el 30 por ciento de la producción del grano a nivel de prefectura. En cuanto a la talla de la población nacida durante la hambruna, estimamos la reducción de 1.1 cm en comparación al cohorte nacido en el año anterior. A pesar de este efecto en los niveles de vida biológico, la muestra nos indica que el mayor deterioro del nivel nutricional en Henan se dio durante la época de la revolución Cultural. Esta es una característica que también se registra en muchas otras regiones de China en el periodo de estudio. Nuestro análisis demuestra que es precisamente durante este periodo cuando hay un mayor recorte en la distribución de recursos sanitarios, mayoritariamente substituidos por personal sanitario con menor conocimiento médico: los doctores descalzos. Estos resultados se deben tomar con precaución, teniendo en consideración que la mayor hambruna registrada a nivel mundial se dio en China durante el GSA. Sin embargo, los datos analizados en esta tesis, nos muestran un incremento de la talla de la población, especialmente de la población rural y de las mujeres. Este resultado lo interpretamos como una consecuencia del efecto de selección, dado que las tasas de mortalidad fueron significativamente más elevadas entre las mujeres y la población rural. Esto pone en evidencia que, aunque el estudio a partir de indicadores antropométricos son una buena medida para determinar la trayectoria del nivel nutricional de una población en el largo plazo, se debe de tener en cuenta que dicho indicador nos ofrece otro tipo de información en periodos de crisis demográficas severas, dónde la talla de los supervivientes, nos indica el nivel de intensidad de dicha crisis.
Las fuentes primarias utilizadas en esta investigación son fuentes oficiales del gobierno de China, tanto nacional como local: fuentes estadísticas, anuarios, crónicas, los cuales ofrecen información cuantitativa y cualitativa sobre sanidad, población, agricultura y desastres naturales, entre otras. Además, para el estudio antropométrico, se analizan los datos del China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), el cual ofrece variables antropométricas de 12 regiones de China, con datos distintivos en géneros y clase de población (rural y urbano).
En conclusión, esta tesis hace una contribución relevante en el debate sobre los niveles de vida en la China maoísta y sugiere que muchos de los problemas con los que se encuentra actualmente el país (desigualdad y recurrencia de desastres naturales) eran ya existentes durante los años cincuenta, sesenta y setenta.
21
Li, Mingjie. "The political economy of trade relations between the United States and People's Republic of China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3255799.
22
Ingman, Kathleen A. "An Examination of Social Anxiety, Social Skills, Social Adjustment, and Self-Construal in Chinese and American Students at an American University." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27639.
Анотація:
Research has shown that international students studying in the United States report significantly lower levels of social adjustment than American students. Cultural differences may contribute to this problem; however, social relationships between international students and American students lead to greater adjustment for the former group. In spite of this finding, many international students fail to develop significant interpersonal relationships with American students. In this study, self-construal, social anxiety, and social skills were investigated as possible mediating variables for international student social adjustment. During the first phase of the study, data were collected from 59 Chinese and 105 American graduate students at a large state university in the southeastern United States. Results indicated that Chinese students experience lower social adjustment, higher levels of social anxiety, and report higher interdependent self-construal than American students. Independent self-construal was inversely related to social anxiety for both groups. In addition, an inverse relationship between social anxiety and social adjustment was found for the American students only. For the second phase of the study, a subset of Chinese (N = 28) and American (N = 32) students from the first phase participated in four separate dyadic interactions with both Chinese and American confederates. The students were asked to rate their level of anxiety both before and after the interaction, and their behavior during the interaction was videotaped and later rated by independent observers. Analyses of these data revealed that American students experienced higher anxiety than Chinese students both before and after the interactions. Social adjustment appears to play a role in this difference since Chinese subjects with low social adjustment reported lower post-interaction anxiety than those with high social adjustment. Self-construal is also discussed as a possible explanation for this finding. In addition, American students were rated as having better overall social skills (as defined by American norms) than Chinese students. Both groups of students reported lower anxiety after interacting with an American confederate, perhaps due to language difficulties during interactions with Chinese confederates. Finally, some interesting results were revealed when the effects of sex were explored in the analyses. Implications for student orientation programs and directions for future research are discussed.Ph. D.
23
Tang, Sau-man Jenny, and 鄧秀汶. "A comparative study of the status of women in the family: Japan and Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952343.
24
Stewart, Larry Buster. "Sino-American relations in the 21st century the political, social and economic realities of China's rise /." Click here to access thesis, 2008. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2008/larry_b_stewart/stewart_larry_b_200808_ma.pdf.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia Southern University, 2008."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts." Directed by Emilia Powell. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-66)
25
Wilson, Scott Howard. "About face social networks and prestige politics in contemporary Shanghai villages /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 1994. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9501358.
26
Shiu, Ka Wai. "An investigation of entrepreneurs' ethical values, social insurance, and start-up success in China." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-of-entrepreneurs-ethical-values-social-insurance-and-startup-success-in-china(f91640f9-e40d-413d-ba85-39e434bb25bb).html.
Анотація:
This research aims to investigate ethical values, social insurance, and start-up success in China. Recent research into entrepreneurship, eg, Woiceshyn (2011), focuses on the relationship between ethics and the success of entrepreneurship, and proposes that an entrepreneur’s ethical values are a critical factor for his or her entrepreneurial success. However this critical success factor (“CSF”) belief has not been fully explored in scholarly discussion, in the context of the entrepreneurial world. The CSF belief is based on rational egoism, which assumes ethics as a necessary guidance to long-term self-interest such as success in business. This thesis is intended to examine the validity of the CSF belief through elaborating a mediation model of how entrepreneurs’ ethical values affect their start-up success in China. I will test whether or not an entrepreneur’s ethical values (familism, integrity, work ethics, anti-individualism, and emphases on reputation, trust, and reciprocities) are related to his or her start-up performance (in terms of growth percentage of total incomes/revenues) and success (in terms of survival time), through the mediation of his/her practices of social insurance to employees in start-up. I will draw on existing researches on the ethical decision-making of entrepreneurs, and in particular on Solymossy and Masters (2002), to propose a model of social insurance decision-making by small business entrepreneurs. I suggest some ways (ie, the need for the integration of cash or financial considerations, ethical tolerance, technological impact, ethical implementation, and the relationship to performance and success) in which the social insurance framework of entrepreneurs may differ systematically from that of other businesses. The investigation of the social insurance decision-making model shows that Chinese entrepreneurs tend to follow rational or material (short term or long term), ideological and reputational criteria, when making social insurance decisions. However, cash or financial considerations seem to stand out but not to dominate ethical concerns with respect to their impact on social insurance decisions. Aside from the considerations of cash or financials, once the confounding effects of ethical tolerance and technological impact are controlled, ethical values have a true effect on social insurance decisions. Furthermore, social insurance implementation can be influenced as a result of ethical considerations in small and medium enterprises (“SMEs”) overall. My investigation has demonstrated that ethical values are related to social insurance decisions. An in-depth analysis of the research results has suggested that entrepreneurs’ ethical values influence the performance or success of a new venture. Meanwhile, some less ethical implementation actions, eg, circumventing and escaping, and pushing for a minimum standard of social insurance have significant but negative correlations with the growth rate, and/or with survival time. The mediation effects are therefore dependent on the implementation conditions. The analytic procedures have revealed a mediation model: the ethical value of work ethics (rejecting others’ indolence and wallowing in luxuries and pleasures) are positively related to the start-ups’ survival time, by means of not trying to lower insurance premiums through reducing employees’ total wages. Future studies will explore this mediation model. My investigation has, to certain extent, validated the argument that entrepreneurs’ ethical values are a critical factor in the success of entrepreneurship, although I acknowledge that this mediation model will need future research in order to be fully justified.
27
Jin, Ying. "The Taiwan Question in China-U.S. Relations." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2631.
Анотація:
The Taiwan issue has been regarded as the most sensitive question between China and the Unites States (U.S.). Although China-U.S. relations have made much progress, the Taiwan question has arrested the concerns of Chinese and American decision-makers for many years. Why is the Taiwan issue so important for the relationship between China and the U.S.? How is the future trend of development of China-U.S.-Taiwan? The different views of the governments in Washington and Beijing on the Taiwan issue, what result could it lead to? This study intends to answer these questions. To analyze this issue, I empirically examine the cases of Nixon’s visit to China in 1972 and Lee Teng-hui’s visit to the United States in 1995. By combining security complextheory and neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism I find that the Taiwan issue influenced the relationship between China and the U.S., and whether the Taiwan issue is settled properly will affect the normal development of China-U.S. relations directly.
28
Au, Kwok-chung, and 歐國忠. "Economic status and life satisfaction of the elderly." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978265.
29
Wang, Rong. "Complex dynamical changes in the trophic status of Erhai Lake, China, based on palaeolimnology and modelling." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/350660/.
Анотація:
Nature ecosystems are always complex, full of uncertainties and nonlinear changes. These changes are sometimes catastrophic, and many ecosystems have already been altered from their natural state as a result of human activities. Therefore, abrupt changes are likely to happen, the consequences of which can be irreversible. It becomes urgent to (i) further understand the features of complex ecological systems, and (ii) to identify yearly warning signals (EWS) to allow prediction of catastrophic transitions. This thesis aims for an understanding of one such example of a complex ecological system, i.e. Erhai Lake, Yunnan Province, China, and to determine the EWS in this ecosystem. This thesis focuses on the process of eutrophication in Erhai Lake, using two cores from the lake and a training set from Yunnan province, SW China. The study employed multiple techniques including monitoring, palaeolimnological proxies and modelling. The ideas of feedbacks, resilience and thresholds from complex ecological system theory are used to interpret the lake’s eutrophication process. Fossil diatom data is mainly employed to calculate the EWS for the lake’s ecosystem transition. The conclusions have been supported with a minimal model which is written with STELLA software. The main findings include: 1. The alternative stable states in the training set may affect the accuracy of diatom-based transfer functions. 2. The resilience of the lake’s ecosystem decreased due to the intensification of human activities, and the lake crossed a threshold at around 2001 due to a new positive feedback mechanism. 3. The lake was in a ‘flickering’ state between 1980-2000. Rising variance could be considered as an indicator of EWS but it was most likely caused by flickering rather than ‘critical slowing down’ in these noise-induced critical transitions. 4. The minimal model shows that flickering states can be simulated, and the rising variance due to flickering is also likely to predict the critical transitions in the simulated system. The mutual authentication between palaeo- data and the minimal model can deeply improve the understanding of a complex system, and explanation of complex theories. This work firstly considered the alternative stable states in a training set and presented EWS in a real natural ecosystem. Our findings suggest that rising variance can be seen as a warning signal in a system; therefore, it can be applied for intervention purposes in critical transitions in real ecosystems.
30
Chan, Chi-ho, and 陳智豪. "A clinical data mining study of the psychosocial status of Chinese cancer patients in palliative care." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3857312X.
31
Rabarijaona, Arivoara. "L'efficience intrinsèque d'utilisation de l'eau (WUEi) du chêne sessile conditionne-t-elle sa résilience à la sécheresse ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AGPT0016.
Анотація:
La migration assistée constitue une solution pour adapter les peuplements forestiers face à l'augmentation en intensité et fréquence des sécheresse. Elle nécessite néanmoins l'identification des populations les plus résilientes à la sécheresse, et la caractérisation de leur diversité. L'efficience d'utilisation de l'eau (WUE) est un trait pertinent à évaluer pour ce choix car elle traduit un compromis entre l'assimilation carbonée et la perte d'eau par transpiration. En combinant dendrochronologie et isotopie, cette thèse évalue le rôle de WUE sur les performances de croissance et la résilience à la sécheresse du chêne sessile (Quercus petraea).D'abord, WUE a été comparé entre 16 populations dont les individus, issus de graines provenant de sites répartis sur un large gradient pédoclimatique, ont grandi dans la plantation comparative de Sillegny. Des différences significatives de WUE ont été trouvées entre les populations, mais elles n'étaient pas corrélées avec les conditions pédoclimatiques des sites d'origine. Cependant, les populations de provenance à sols sableux montraient de plus fortes augmentations de WUE en réponse à la sécheresse de 2003 par rapport à 2000, comparées aux populations des provenances sur sols limoneux. Par ailleurs, les arbres ayant une forte WUE avaient eu une croissance élevée lors des années humides uniquement. Quoique ces résultats suggèrent une adaptation du chêne sessile, reflétée par la plasticité de WUE à la sécheresse, les variabilités de WUE intra-populations étaient plus importantes que celles entre populations.Ensuite, la variabilité phénotypique de WUE a été étudiée à l'intérieur de deux populations à conditions pédoclimatiques contrastées, à Blois (humide) et La Harth (sec), où tous les arbres de la placette d'étude ont été échantillonnés. Le lien entre WUE et croissance radiale a été particulièrement examiné. Alors que le contrôle stomatique semblait être le facteur clé dans les variations interannuelles de WUE, ses variations inter-individuelles (intra-annuelle) étaient plutôt pilotées par l'assimilation nette de CO2, fortement impactée par le statut social. Ainsi, les relations intra-annuelles entre WUE et croissance apparaissent plus significatives quand la pression de compétition devient plus forte au sein du peuplement (au stade mature), et quand la lumière devient plus limitante que l'eau (dans un site humide, à Blois).Enfin, l'effet de WUE au stade jeune sur la trajectoire de croissance des arbres a été évalué pour les mêmes sites de Blois et la Harth. À la Harth, les arbres avec un WUE plus élevé au stade jeune sont les plus dominants en 2021, suggérant une sélection en faveur d'un fort WUE dans ce milieu. En revanche, ce n'est pas le cas à Blois, où l'effet de WUE au stade jeune sur le statut social des arbres s'arrête après 60 ans. La réponse des arbres à la sécheresse n'était pas affectée par WUE au stade jeune à Blois et seulement durant les premières décennies à La Harth. Par ailleurs, la plasticité de la WUE à la sécheresse semble moins impliquée dans le processus de sélection, à mesure que les arbres vieillissent et sont exposés à des variations environnementales.WUE est un trait complexe influencé par divers facteurs, notamment la génétique, les conditions micro-environnementales et l'âge des arbres. Étant donné que les variations intra-populations sont plus marquées que les différences entre populations, et que le lien entre WUE et la résilience à la sécheresse est relativement faible, le choix des populations de chêne sessile plus adaptées à la sécheresse ne peut se faire sur la base de WUE uniquementAssisted migration constitute a possibility to adapt forest ecosystems face to the increase in drought intensity and frequency. However, this strategy requires identification of drought-resistant populations and characterization of the diversity within them. Water use efficiency (WUE) is a key trait to assess for this choice, as it reflects a trade-off between carbon assimilation and water loss through transpiration. By combining dendrochronology and stable isotope analysis, this thesis investigates the effect of WUE on the growth performance and resilience to drought of sessile oak (Quercus petraea).Firstly, WUE was compared among 16 populations whose individuals, from seeds originating from sites along a wide range of pedoclimate gradient, had grown in the common garden Sillegny. Significant differences in WUE were found among these populations, but these differences were not correlated with the pedoclimatic conditions of the sites of origin. However, populations from provenances with sandy soils showed a larger increase in WUE in response to the drought of 2003 (compared to the wet year of 2000) than populations from provenances with silty soils. In addition, trees with higher WUE showed larger radial growth only in wet years. Although these results suggest an adaptation of the sessile oak, reflected by the plasticity of WUE to drought, the variability of WUE within populations was higher compared to the differences among populations.Then, the phenotypic variability of WUE was studied within two populations with contrasting soil and climate conditions, at the Blois (wet) and the Harth (dry) sites. All the trees within each plot were sampled, with a particular focus on the relationship between WUE and radial growth. While stomatal control appeared to be the key factor in inter-annual variations in WUE, the inter-individual (intra-annual) variability in WUE was driven more by net CO2 assimilation, which is strongly affected by tree social status. The intra-annual relationships between WUE and growth appeared more significant as the competition among trees within the stand intensified (particularly when trees become mature), and when light availability became a limiting factor rather than water (in a humid site, at Blois).Finally, the effect of WUE expressed by trees at a young age on growth trajectory was assessed within the Blois and the Harth stands. At the Harth site, trees with higher WUE during their young age were the most dominant in 2021, suggesting selection for higher WUE in dry environment. In contrast, at the Blois site, the effect of WUE at the young age on the social status of the trees ceased after 60 years. The response of trees to drought was not significantly affected by WUE at the young age at the Blois site and only during the first decades at the Harth site. Moreover, the plasticity of WUE to drought might play a diminishing role in the selection process as trees age and were exposed to changing environmental conditions.WUE is a complex trait influenced by multiple factors, including genetics, microenvironmental conditions, and tree age. Given that intra-population variations were more pronounced than differences among populations, and that the relationship between WUE and resilience to drought was tenuous, the selection of drought-adapted sessile oak populations cannot be only based on WUE
32
Lee, Man-ting, and 李敏婷. "Women's social status in Tang dynasty : an analytical study focusing on the divorce system = Cong "Tang lü, hu hun" he li zhi du kan Tang dai fu nü di wei." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192997.
Анотація:
Under every regime, marriage is one of the essential factors to affect the development of a country. Before the Tang Dynasty, the divorce system was already practiced in the Chinese society due to the long lasting ancient rites. In ancient China, ‘qichu’ and ‘yijue’ were the typical and traditional divorce ways, but not under the legal system. Under these systems, women got divorce with no consent always happened. The low status of women under the divorce system was obvious. In Tang Dynasty, the ancient feudal law with perfect contents was existed, which was ‘The Tang Law Dredges Opinion’. It innovated the marriage law in the Chinese history. Apart from the ‘qichu’ and ‘yijue’ divorce system, the ‘divorce with consent’ system is an important part of marriage law to show the status of women improved to some extent in Tang Dynasty. Under ‘divorce with consent’ system, women had the right to take the initiative to dissolve the marriage relationship.
Based on the historical records and materials, such as ‘releasing wife book’, poems and epitaphs in Tang Dynasty, this paper would analysis the reality of practicing the ‘divorce with consent’ system and the influence of this system about the women’s status in Tang Dynasty. On the other hand, the reasons about the Tang emperors established this system also reflected the rise of women’s status in the certain extent, for instances, economic, political and cultural aspects.
The paper contains two parts. The first part focuses on the practice about the traditional divorce systems before the Tang Dynasty. The historical course about the change of names on the divorce systems is briefly recorded. The practice about ‘qichu’, ‘yijue’ and ‘divorce with consent’ system are analyzed by the historical materials before Tang Dynasty in order to show the difference about the women’s status in the second part.
The second part mainly focuses on analyzing ‘divorce with consent’ system in Tang Dynasty with the women’s relationship. The ‘releasing wife book’, poems and epitaphs is going to demonstrate the practice of the ‘divorce with consent’ system. This part would analyze the structure and content of the ‘releasing wife book’ in details. The words and procedures reflect the characteristics about women under the law of marriage. Besides, the Tang emperors set up the ‘divorce with consent’ system also had the consideration about their ruling. These specific concerns had close relationship with the legal marriage system. Therefore, women’s status must be affected by their ruling policy undoubtedly.published_or_final_version
Chinese Historical Studies
Master
Master of Arts
33
Yu, Kam Lun. "Fertility preferences of wives and husbands in Hong Kong : spousal agreement and women's status." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/341.
34
Tsang, Chi-ming, University of Hong Kong, and 曾志明. "An investigation of the relationship between the socio-economic status and the parental choice of secondary schools in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31960480.
35
Lee, Lok-chun Janet, and 李樂真. "The effects of socio-economic status on physical activity participation in Hong Kong adolescents: asocial ecological approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849812.
Анотація:
Motivations: Socio-economic status (SES) is a major source of health disparities. Those
who lived in resource-deficient social and physical environments and with low individual
income have been found to be at increased risk of physical inactivity. In Hong Kong there
is virtually no research on the effect of SES on adolescent physical activity (PA). It is
therefore important to explore the SES differentials in PA among Hong Kong adolescents
and identify the mechanisms underlying such differentials. It is also important to examine
the extent to which SES acts as a moderator and mediator of associations between various
potential determinants of adolescent PA.
Methods: A hundred eighty-one adolescents aged 12-18 were recruited in the study. This
study applied an ecological framework to study the SES effects on adolescents’ PA
participation. Physical activity was measured both objectively using accelerometers and
subjectively using self-reports. Individual, social and school environment factors were
assessed by validated self-report measures. Neighborhood built environmental factors
were assessed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Individual-level SES
was based on parents’ report of monthly household income, while area-level SES was
based on census data on median household income of selected study neighborhoods.
Generalized linear models with robust standard errors were used to assess associations of
individual, social and environmental factors with adolescents’ PA. They were also used
to assess the moderating of SES and mediators of SES-PA relationships.
Results: The results supported the hypothesis that individual, social and environmental
factors would all contribute to the explanation of adolescents’ PA. Moderation analyses
showed that the PA level of adolescents living in low SES areas might have been
negatively affected by the presence of steep streets in the neighborhood environment and
the lack of sports facilities. These effects were not observed in adolescents living in high
SES areas. In contrast, only adolescents living in high-SES areas showed positive
associations of school-based social support and school PA-related environment with PA.
Mediation analyses showed that SES differences in adolescents PA participation could be
explained by social support from family and access to sports/recreational facilities
in/around the school.
Significance: The current findings would imply that environmental interventions at the
neighborhood level might benefit low-SES groups of adolescents as they seem to be more
influenced by aspects of the neighborhood environment. By contrast, high-SES
adolescents might be more reactive to school-based environmental interventions. To
narrow the SES gap in PA participation among Hong Kong adolescents, interventions
should encourage low-SES families to provide more support to their children by
widening the available range of opportunities for PA, encouraging their children to
participate in PA, and acting as role models. The findings from this study also suggest
that the provision of more PA facilities in/around school neighborhood in low-SES areas
could contribute to increasing PA participation among the adolescent population of such
areas and, thus, narrow the gap between high- and low-SES groups of adolescents.published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Master
Master of Philosophy
36
Buck, Sharon Maria. "The Growing Divide: Understanding Emergent Social Inequality in San Pedro de Atacama, Chile during the Middle Horizon through Bioarchaeology." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429725154.
37
Shum, Hoi-cheung Michael, and 沈凱翔. "Denture status and denture wearing habits of community-dwelling and institutionalized elderly Chinese in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954078.
38
Zhou, Yang [Verfasser], and Michaela [Gutachter] Pelican. "Intercultural Marriage, Legal Status and Social Belonging in China: Chinese-African Couples and Families in Guangzhou / Yang Zhou ; Gutachter: Michaela Pelican." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137624256/34.
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Ngan, Yi-wan Prinnie, and 顔綺雲. "A study of the rights of self-determination in marriage of Chinese women and their position in the family from the late Ch'ingto the May Fourth period." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31948698.
40
Chen, Danxia. "Changes in Social Distance Among American Undergraduate Students Participating in a Study Abroad Program in China." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5194/.
Анотація:
As the world becomes increasingly interdependent, mutual understanding becomes increasingly important. Therefore, it is essential that people strive for reductions in social distance on an international level. Study abroad is one of the ways to approach internationalization and promote understanding among different peoples and cultures. Prior research has been done on the degrees of social distance between people from different cultures; however, little research has been done regarding changes that cultural immersion produces among those who reside in different cultures. Studies about study abroad programs have focused on cultural sensitivity and adaptability, yet few have combined the study abroad experience with the perceptions of self and other cultural groups. This study presents a framework for understanding people through intercultural activities. It studied social distance and attitude changes brought about in social distance as an artifact of cultural immersion. The study took place both in China and in the United States. It focused on the social distance among American undergraduate students who participated in a China Study Abroad program sponsored by the University of North Texas. The study measured before and after social distance of a group of American students who studied abroad in China. The study abroad program itself was the intervention and lasted for three weeks. A mixed methods research design was used in the study. Social distance data were collected before and after students studied abroad in China. Both inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were used. Qualitative data were also collected and analyzed in the study. Most of the sample population were close to the Chinese people to begin with. Some participants positively changed their social distance and attitudes towards the Chinese people after the study abroad program, even though the changes were not statistically significant. This study merits replication among randomly selected samples. Study abroad programs should be promoted and supported. More research needs to be done that explores the quality of cultural immersion study abroad programs. Studies also need to be done to examine attitude changes among peoples in host countries.
41
Chan, Ka-ling, and 陳嘉齡. "Implementation of environmental education in primary and secondary schools of Hong Kong: current status andbarriers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31957651.
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Ma, Xiaoguang, and 馬曉光. "The association between socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life among older people in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39634589.
43
黃素琴 and So-Kam Sally Wong. "An investigation of the relationship between socio-economic status andparental influence towards physical activity patterns in Hong Kongsecondary school students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31963286.
44
Li, Chien. "The development of an instrument for measuring perceived current health status of people in the communities of Southern China & Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13554189.
45
Mo, Kit-ling Pauline, and 毛潔玲. "Socio-economic status, schooling experience and academic performance: a study of students of low socio-economicstatus in six local schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208332.
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Lee, Kit-lai Jemima, and 李潔麗. "Social class and career aspirations: a study of F.5 students in two schools in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195800X.
47
Li, Xiaoshan. "La protection des actionnaires minoritaires dans les sociétés anonymes : étude comparative du droit français et du droit chinois." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020021.
Анотація:
La présente étude a pour objet de montrer que les moyens de la protection des actionnaires minoritaires en droit chinois et en droit français ne sont pas soumis à des critères fondamentalement différents. Dans les sociétés anonymes, les règles juridiques visent à trouver un équilibre des rapports entre les actionnaires majoritaires et minoritaires, ainsi qu’entre les actionnaires et la société ou le groupe de sociétés.C’est l’intérêt social et le principe d’égalité qui guident le législateur et le juge de proposer des solutions convenables.Il importe de noter qu’en droit français, les dispositions sur les responsabilités et les moyens de recours pour les minoritaires sont d’applications faciles qu’en droit chinois. D’ailleurs, la recherche de l’acquisition des sociétés cotées chinoises sous l’angle de la protection des minoritaires, tout à fait différent à l’offre publique en droit français, présente les particularités du marché réglementé chinois et mérite que les investisseurs étrangers découvrent davantageThe dissertation aimed to point out that the methods of the protection of minority shareholders in Chinese law and in French law are not subject to the different criteria. In company limited by shares, the legal provisions intend to find a balance of relation between majority shareholders and minority shareholders, and between the shareholders and the company or group of company. It is corporate profits and the principal of equality that direct legislators and judges to suggest applicable solutions.It is important to notify that in French law, legal provisions about the responsibility of majority shareholders or company leaders and the ways of resort of minority shareholders provide reference for improvement of Chinese law. Besides, the study of acquisition of chinese listed companies, looked from the angle of the protection of minority shareholders, very different from tender offer in French law, demonstrate the characteristics of Chinese stock market and deserve foreign investors’ enough attention
48
王建育 and Kin-yoke Wong. "Income distribution on the district level and individual self-reportedhealth in Hong Kong: a multi-levelanalysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970825.
49
Chan, Shing-kun, and 陳聖根. "An exploratory study of social stratification and pupils' deviance in Hong Kong primary schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31957687.
50
Wong, Wing-tung Tony, and 黃永通. "A study on the health status of the single elderly persons in Kwai Chung District." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978381.