Дисертації з теми "Statistiques fractionnaires"
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Péron, Marie-Cécile. "Statistiques circulaires des champs fractionnaires : application au speckle objectif." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120072.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript is posed in terms of the "methods and applications" for the analysis and the characterization of the scattering medium by a statistical approach relating to local angular measurements of the speckle figures, to a preliminary modeling of these figures by fractional fields models. For this reason, a study of the local directions distributions and their increaments is presented. A comparison of the intrinsic parameters of synthetic anisotropic fractional fields with the parameter of models distribution is established. We show that it is possible to identify the type of anisotropy as well as the local regularity of a random field. Angular measurements are extracted, from the fields, by the intermediary of the Riesz transform and are modelled by a ψ -distributions familly. The developped approach is confronted with two types of anisotropy, functional and topological. Mora particularly, an original method to the estimation of is proposed, resting on an analogy made between the increments of angular measurements of the local directions and the turning angles of random walk. The estimator of this function is calculated as from the cosinusoïdal moments of the increments distribution. This approach is finally used at ends to analyse objective speckle patterns from various test media. From their stochastic properties, these figures are analysed using statistical approaches, generally by the first or the second order based approach. Thus, the results obtained and presented in this memory, leads us to as well think that the angular statistics come to supplement more traditional measurements advantageously
Coeurjolly, Jean-François. "Sur quelques résultats d'inférence pour les processus fractionnaires et les processus ponctuels spatiaux de Gibbs." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851451.
Повний текст джерелаEs-Sebaiy, Khalifa. "Contributions à l'étude des processus de Lévy et des processus fractionnaires via le calcul de Malliavin et applications en statistiques." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010010.
Повний текст джерелаDjeddi, Mounir. "Approches pour l'analyse des signaux à phase polynomiale dans un environnement non gaussien." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010277.
Повний текст джерелаPolynomial phase signals (PPS) have found use in many area of engineering such as in radar and communication. The main problem is to estimate the parameters of such signals. Many research works have been conducted in the last decade and led to the development of various algorithms based on different mathematical tools such as time-frequency, subspace methods, High order statistics and Kalman filtering. Though, these methods have proven to perform well in estimating the signal parameters, they assume that the noise is Gaussian. The research work presented in the thesis deals with the analysis of PPS in non Gaussian environment. In this context, the noise is considered to have either an alpha-stable distribution, or epsilon-contaminated model. Three approaches of estimation are explored. The first method concerns robust time-frequency analysis of PPS, we propose to integrate the fractional lower statistics in the kernel of the polynomial phase Wigner-Ville Distribution to obtain a robust time-frequency distribution able to reveal the instantaneous frequency of the PPS. The second approach, deals with robust subspace method based on the MUSIC estimator using the covariation matrix, we propose a modified MUSIC algorithm which is able to track the values of the coefficients of the phase. Finally, using the nonlinear state space model of PPS, we explore the use of the Kalman filter for robust estimation of PPS in epsilon-contaminated noise. In this context, three types of Kalman filters are proposed: The robust extended Kalman filter, the parallel extended Kalman filter. To avoid linearization an alternative method is proposed based on parallel unscented Kalman filters
Lacaux, Céline. "Contribution à la notion d'autosimilarité et à l'étude des trajectoires de champs aléatoires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764398.
Повний текст джерелаRuelle, Mélanie. "Time-domain braiding of anyons in quantum Hall conductors." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLE006.
Повний текст джерелаAnyons are quasiparticles obeying fractional statistics, in between bosons and fermions, that arise in two-dimensional systems. When an anyon moves adiabatically in a loop around a second one, resulting in a braiding operation, the wavefunction describing the system acquires a non-trivial braiding phase. These fractional statistics were evidenced in 2020. They allow anyons to keep a robust memory of the exchanges between them via the braiding phase, and provide them with unique dynamical properties so far unexplored. Experimentally, anyons appear as the elementary excitations of the topological phases that emerge in the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). In such phases, the bulk of the material becomes insulating and electronic transport occurs solely through chiral delocalized edge states, in a ballistic and coherent manner. Tunneling between opposite edge channels can take place at a quantum point contact (QPC). For anyons, the dominant mechanism for particle transfer is not the direct tunneling of the incoming excitations, but rather a time-domain braiding process between the incoming excitations and particle-hole excitations created at the QPC. In this work, we investigate the mechanism of anyon braiding at a QPC with two-particle interferometry experiments in the dc and ac regime. We measure topological exchange properties (the braiding phase) and dynamical edge properties (the scaling dimension) of anyons. We follow up on the anyon collider experiment at ν = 1/3 and prove the robustness of the previously obtained 2π/3 braiding phase result by extending the range of parameters and studying the role of the scaling dimension. By performing the same experiment in the more topologically complex ν = 2/5 state, we show that the anyon collider is able to not only distinguish anyons from fermions but also to discriminate between different types of anyons based on their braiding phase. Finally, we implement a Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment between triggered anyon pulses at ν = 1/3 to study the dynamics of anyons directly in the time domain. We obtain the first experimental signature of the effect of braiding on anyon tunneling dynamics and we access independently the scaling dimension and the braiding phase in the same experiment
Coeurjolly, Jean-François. "Inférence statistique pour les mouvements browniens fractionnaires et multifractionnaires." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006736.
Повний текст джерелаCai, Chunhao. "Analyse statistique de quelques modèles de processus de type fractionnaire." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the statistical analysis of some models of stochastic processes generated by fractional noise in discrete or continuous time.In Chapter 1, we study the problem of parameter estimation by maximum likelihood (MLE) for an autoregressive process of order p (AR (p)) generated by a stationary Gaussian noise, which can have long memory as the fractional Gaussiannoise. We exhibit an explicit formula for the MLE and we analyze its asymptotic properties. Actually in our model the covariance function of the noise is assumed to be known but the asymptotic behavior of the estimator ( rate of convergence, Fisher information) does not depend on it.Chapter 2 is devoted to the determination of the asymptotical optimal input for the estimation of the drift parameter in a partially observed but controlled fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We expose a separation principle that allows us toreach this goal. Large sample asymptotical properties of the MLE are deduced using the Ibragimov-Khasminskii program and Laplace transform computations for quadratic functionals of the process.In Chapter 3, we present a new approach to study the properties of mixed fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and related models, based on the filtering theory of Gaussian processes. The results shed light on the semimartingale structure andproperties lead to a number of useful absolute continuity relations. We establish equivalence of the measures, induced by the mixed fBm with stochastic drifts, and derive the corresponding expression for the Radon-Nikodym derivative. For theHurst index H > 3=4 we obtain a representation of the mixed fBm as a diffusion type process in its own filtration and derive a formula for the Radon-Nikodym derivative with respect to the Wiener measure. For H < 1=4, we prove equivalenceto the fractional component and obtain a formula for the corresponding derivative. An area of potential applications is statistical analysis of models, driven by mixed fractional noises. As an example we consider only the basic linear regression setting and show how the MLE can be defined and studied in the large sample asymptotic regime
Djeddi, Mounir. "APPROCHES POUR L'ANALYSE DES SIGNAUX A PHASE POLYNOMIALE DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT NON GAUSSIEN." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010277.
Повний текст джерелаSlaoui, Meryem. "Analyse stochastique et inférence statistique des solutions d’équations stochastiques dirigées par des bruits fractionnaires gaussiens et non gaussiens." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I079.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis is devoted to the study of the solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by additive Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises. As a non-Gaussian driving noise, we use the Hermite processes. These processes form a family of self-similar stochastic processes with stationary increments and long memory and they can be expressed as multiple Wiener-Itô integrals. The class of Hermite processes includes the well-known fractional Brownian motion which is the only Gaussian Hermite process, and the Rosenblatt process. In a first chapter, we consider the solution to the linear stochastic heat equation driven by a multiparameter Hermite process of any order and with Hurst multi-index H. We study the existence and establish various properties of its mild solution. We discuss also its probability distribution in the non-Gaussian case. The second part deals with the asymptotic behavior in distribution of solutions to stochastic equations when the Hurst parameter converges to the boundary of its interval of definition. We focus on the case of the Hermite Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which is the solution of the Langevin equation driven by the Hermite process, and on the case of the solution to the stochastic heat equation with additive Hermite noise. These results show that the obtained limits cover a large class of probability distributions, from Gaussian laws to distribution of random variables in a Wiener chaos of higher order. In the last chapter, we consider the stochastic wave equation driven by an additive Gaussian noise which behaves as a fractional Brownian motion in time and as a Wiener process in space. We show that the sequence of generalized variations satisfies a Central Limit Theorem and we estimate the rate of convergence via the Stein-Malliavin calculus. The results are applied to construct several consistent estimators of the Hurst index
Nasser, Eddine Achraf. "Modélisation fractionnaire et identification d'impédance d'accumulateurs électrochimiques." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2307.
Повний текст джерелаThe impedance of an electrochemical accumulator is mainly characterized by three phenomena: the electronic conduction, the charge transfer and the ionic diffusion. The modeling of these phenomena involves non-rational transfer functions that cannot be directly simulated in the time domain. Then, their approximation by fractional models (also known as non-integer order models) becomes relevant to estimate the impedance characteristics from not only frequency measurements (spectroscopy), but also time measurements (chronopotentiometry). Moreover, the long-time required by the spectroscopy to measure at low frequencies, as well as the complexity of the equipment used can be avoided by using chronopotentiometry. Models identification strategies have been developed and validated experimentally on a Ferri ferrocyanide electrochemical cell, on Lithium-ion and on Nickel Metal-Hydride accumulators. The characterization tests of these elements are carried out at different states of charge and obtained results show the interest and the relevance of the methodology
Es-Sebaiy, Khalifa. "Contributions à l'étude des processus de Lévy et des processus fractionnaires via le calcul de Malliavin et applications en statistique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00382521.
Повний текст джерелаDans la première partie, nous établissons les théorèmes d'Itô et deTanaka pour le mouvement brownien bifractionnaire multidimensionnel. Ensuite nous étudions l'existence de la densité d'occupation pour certains processus en relation avec le mouvement brownien fractionnaire.
Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons, dans un premier temps, le comportement asymptotique de la variation cubique pour le processus de Rosenblatt. Dans un deuxième temps, nous construisons d'une part des estimateurs efficace pour la dérive de mouvement brownien fractionnaire et d'autre part des estimateurs biaisés de type James-Stein qui dominent, sous le riqsue quadratique usuel, l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance.
La dernière partie présente deux travaux. Dans le premier, nous utilisons une approche menant à un calcul de Malliavin pour les processus de Lévy, qui a été développée récemment par Solé et al. , et nous étudions des processus anticipés de type intégrale d'Itô-Skorohod sur l'espace de Lévy. Dans le deuxième, nous étudions le lien entre les processus stables et les processus auto-similaires, à travers des processus qui sont infiniment divisibles en temps.
Borla, Andreea. "Estimation non paramétrique de la dérivée fractionnaire de la fonction de répartition : avec une application statistique aux tests d'ajustement." Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24005.
Повний текст джерелаWe propose an estimator for the (a) fractional derivative of a distribution function. The estimator is based on finite differences of the empirical distribution function. The asymptotic bias, variance and consistency of the estimator are studied. It depends on a "smoothing parameter" whose behavior is similar to the bandwidth of a kernel estimator. Given that we note that an endogenous truncation can be defined in a natural way, we discuss the implementation of a truncated version of the estimator. This will allow a sharper analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of the estimator with respect to the sample size and the order of the fractional derivative. In the third chapter we will introduce another estimator for the CDF, a smoother one, the kernel estimator, and thus a second smothing factor. A natural endogenous truncation to the right ensures a tractacle definition in practice and allows deducing the asymptotic properties of the estimator. The optimal choice of the smoothing parameters is studied. Finally, we propose a goodness-of-fit test. Using simulations, we will show that there is an optimal order of differentiation that maximizes the power of the test, which depends on the alternative. Consequently test based on the integer order derivatives are not necessarily the one with the highest power. The optimum order of differentiation changes depending on the parameters of the alternative distribution and the sample size
Rigal, Florence. "Propagation horizontale des faisceaux laser a travers la turbulence atmospherique : moments fractionnaires pour l'analyse statistique de la scintillation et faisceaux minces pour la caracterisation de la turbulence." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE5131.
Повний текст джерелаRakotonasy, Solonjaka Hiarintsoa. "Modèle fractionnaire pour la sous-diffusion : version stochastique et edp." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839892.
Повний текст джерелаSoulé, Paul. "Étude des Bords des Phases de l’Effet Hall Quantique Fractionnaire dans la Géométrie d’un Contact Ponctuel Quantique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112215/document.
Повний текст джерелаI present in this thesis a study that I did in the university Paris-sud under the supervision of Thierry Jolicœur onto Fractional Quantum Hall (FQH) phases in the cylinder geometry. After a short introduction in the first chapter, I present some basic concept relative to the FQH effect in the second one and introduce some essential features relative to the cylinder geometry, useful for the chapters 3, 4, and 5. The chapter 3 is dedicated to the study of the thin cylinder limit, i.e. when the circumference of the cylinder is of the order of a few magnetic length. In this limit, it is known that the Laughlin wave function at the filling factor 1/q is reduced to a one dimensional crystal in the lowest Landau level orbitals where one every q orbitals is occupied. We Taylor expand the Hamiltonian when the circumference is small compare to the magnetic length in order to study an intermediate limit. When only the first four terms of the development are kept, it is possible to find exact representations of the ground state with "squeezing" operators or matrix products. We also find similar representations for quasiholes, quasielectrons and the magnetorton branch. These results have been published in the article Phys. Rev. B 85, 155116 (2012). In the chapter 4 and 5 I focus onto the gapless chiral edge excitations of FQH phases. I present a microscopic study of those edges states in the cylindrical geometry where quasiparticles are able to tunnel between edges. I first study the principal FQH phase at the filling fraction 1/3 whose ground state is well described by the Laughlin wave function in the chapter 4. For an energy scale lower than the bulk gap, the effective theory is given by a very peculiar one dimensional electron fluid localized at the edge: a chiral Luttinger liquid. Using numerical exact diagonalizations, we study the spectrum of edge modes formed by the two counter-propagating edges on each side of the cylinder. We show that the two edges combine to form a non-chiral Luttinger liquid, where the current term reflects the transfer of quasiparticles between edges. This allows us to estimate numerically the Luttinger parameter for a small number of particles and find it coherent with the one predicted by X. G. Wen theory. We published this work in Phys. Rev. B 86, 115214 (2012). I then analyze edge modes of the FQH phase at filling fraction 5/2 in the chapter 5. From a Conformal Field Theory (CFT) based construction, Moore and Read (Nucl. Phys. B, 1991) proposed that the essential physics of this phase is described by a paired state of composite fermions. A striking property of this state is that emergent excitations braid with non-Abelian statistics. When localized along the edge, those excitations are described through a chiral boson and a Majorana fermion. In the cylinder geometry, we show that the spectrum of edge excitations is composed of all conformal towers of the IsingxU(1) model. In addition, with a Monte Carlo method, we estimate the various scaling dimensions for large systems (about 50 electrons), and find them consistent with the CFT predictions.In the last chapter of my manuscript, I present a work that I did in UBC (Vancouver) in collaboration with Marcel Franz onto quantum spin Hall phases in graphene induced by adatoms. In this system, adatoms induce a spin orbit coupling for electrons in the graphene sheet and create some disorder which might be responsible for destruction the spectral gap. We show in this chapter and in the article [Phys. Rev. B 89, 201410(R) (2014)] that the spectral gap remains open for a realistic range of parameters. In addition, with analytical computations in the low energy approximation and numerical exact diagonalizations, we find characteristic signal in the local density of states highlighting the presence of topological gap. This signal might be observed in scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments
Nourdin, Ivan. "Calcul stochastique généralisé et applications au mouvement brownien fractionnaire : Estimation non paramétrique de la volatilité et test d'adéquation." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008600.
Повний текст джерелаSoltane, Marius. "Statistique asymptotique de certaines séries chronologiques à mémoire." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1027.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to asymptotic inferenre of differents chronological models driven by a noise with memory. In these models, the least squares estimator is not consistent and we consider other estimators. We begin by studying the almost-sureasymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator of the autoregressive coefficient in an autoregressive process drivenby a stationary Gaussian noise. We then present a statistical procedure in order to detect a change of regime within this model,taking inspiration from the classic case driven by a strong white noise. Then we consider an autoregressive model where the coefficients are random and have a short memory. Here again, the least squares estimator is not consistent and we correct the previous statistic in order to correctly estimate the parameters of the model. Finally we study a new joint estimator of the Hurst exponent and the variance in a fractional Gaussian noise observed at high frequency whose qualities are comparable to the maximum likelihood estimator
Carvalho, Odile. "Exploitation de la statistique du champ de speckle pour l'aide au diagnostic du syndrome cutané d'irradiation aigüe : confrontation des résultats biophysiques et biologiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0087.
Повний текст джерелаOverexposure to ionizing radiation is now a growing concern of clinicians. In case of external exposure, the skin is the first tissue exposed. However, there are no tools that can diagnose pathological tissue. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of using a non-invasive method for in vivo diagnosis and prognosis of acute cutaneous radiation syndrome. The first part of this work concerns the choice of the investigation method. Interaction of coherent light and scattering medium creates a phenomenon called speckle. A classical frequential analysis on the spekle field is supplemented by a stochastic approach to extract parameters characterizing speckle patterns. In the second part, the experimental setup has been tested in order to understand the parameters behavior in function of some physical properties of synthetic scattering media. The study revealed that some of the speckle parameters were more influenced by big scatterers (Mie) while others were by the smallest (Rayleigh). The third part concerns the in vivo application of this method on acute cutaneous radiation syndrome in pigs. Analysis of the results gained during the monitoring of several animals showeb the ability to discriminate between irradiated and healthy zones several weeks before apparition of firsts clinical signs. Finally, in order to understand the results on the radiological burn, we have confronted all physical results and those obtained by histological analyses
Réveillac, Anthony. "Estimation statistique et théorèmes limites pour les champs gaussiens par le calcul de Malliavin." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337832.
Повний текст джерелаVu, Thi Lan Huong. "Analyse statistique locale de textures browniennes multifractionnaires anisotropes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0094.
Повний текст джерелаWe deal with some anisotropic extensions of the multifractional brownian fields that account for spatial phenomena whose properties of regularity and directionality may both vary in space. Our aim is to set statistical tests to decide whether an observed field of this kind is heterogeneous or not. The statistical methodology relies upon a field analysis by quadratic variations, which are averages of square field increments. Specific to our approach, these variations are computed locally in several directions. We establish an asymptotic result showing a linear gaussian relationship between these variations and parameters related to regularity and directional properties of the model. Using this result, we then design a test procedure based on Fisher statistics of linear gaussian models. Eventually we evaluate this procedure on simulated data. Finally, we design some algorithms for the segmentation of an image into regions of homogeneous textures. The first algorithm is based on a K-means procedure which has estimated parameters as input and takes into account their theoretical probability distributions. The second algorithm is based on an EM algorithm which involves continuous execution ateach 2-process loop (E) and (M). The values found in (E) and (M) at each loop will be used for calculations in the next loop. Eventually, we present an application of these algorithms in the context of a pluridisciplinary project which aims at optimizing the deployment of photo-voltaic panels on the ground. We deal with a preprocessing step of the project which concerns the segmentation of images from the satellite Sentinel-2 into regions where the cloud cover is homogeneous
Estienne, Benoit. "Etude des systèmes critiques bidimensionnels possédant des symétries discrètes : les théories conformes parafermioniques, et leurs applications." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421566.
Повний текст джерелаBertrand, Nicolas. "Caractérisation électrique, mise en évidence des phénomènes physico-chimiques et modélisation fractionnaire des supercondensateurs à électrodes à base de carbone activé." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14251/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aim is an efficient modelling proposal for supercapacitors made of activated carbon electrodes which are power components used in many energy storage applications. In the first part of this study, the purpose is to evidence physico-chemical phenomena, electrostatic or electrochemical as well, thanks to characterization and aging tests. The results analysis combined with materials knowledge leads to suppose that the supercapacitor non linear behavior is due to adsorption-desorption processes and also to anomalous diffusion of adsorbed species into the electrode microporous network. These mechanisms in addition with the double layer capacitor principle allow us to define a non linear fractional model with parameters that depend on physic0-chemical characteristics of the cell. The proposed identification procedure is based on the voltage response to charges-discharge current profiles. In spite of the simplicity of this identification method, the model matches very well the behavior of the supercapacitor under current profiles that are typical of hybrid and electric vehicle applications
Estienne, Benoit. "Étude des systèmes critiques bidimensionnels possédant des symetries discrètes : les th\éories conformes parafermioniques, et leurs applications." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421566.
Повний текст джерелаHemadou-Artigues, Claude. "Calcul des charges en vol dues aux perturbations atmosphériques par la méthode Statistical Discrete Gust." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0021.
Повний текст джерелаHadouni, Doha. "Détection de rupture hors ligne sur des processus dépendants." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC098.
Повний текст джерелаDecrouez, Geoffrey. "Génération de signaux multifractals possédant une structure de branchement sous-jacente." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353827.
Повний текст джерелаLe premier modèle est une généralisation des Systèmes de fonctions Itérés ou IFS, introduits par Hutchinson dans les années 80. Les IFS constituent un moyen simple et efficace pour produire des ensembles et des processus fractals en itérant un nombre fixed d'opérateurs. L'idée est d'autoriser un nombre aléatoire d'opérateurs aléatoires à chaque itération de l'algorithme. Nous donnons des conditions simples et faciles à vérifier sous lesquelles l'IFS admet un point fixe. Quelques propriétés du point fixe sont également étudiées. Le deuxième modèle, que nous appellons Multifractal Embedded Branching Process (MEBP), s'obtient à l'aide d'un changement de temps multifractal d'un processus à invariance d'échelle discrète, le processus EBP Canonique (CEBP). Nous donnons un algorithm efficace de simulation "on-line" de ces processus, permettant de générer X(n + 1) à partir de X(n) en O(log n) opérations. Nous obtenons également un borne supérieure pour le spectre multifractal du changement de temps et confirmons les résultats théoriques à l'aide de simulations. Les mouvements Browniens en temps multifractal sont des cas particuliers des processus MEBP, ce qui suggère une application potentielle des processus MEBP en finance. Enfin, nous proposons d'imiter un mouvement Brownien fractionnaire à l'aide d'un processus MEBP.
Decrouez, Geoffrey. "Génération de signaux multifractals possédant une structure de branchement sous-jacente." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0002.
Повний текст джерелаFractal geometry, pioneered by Mandelbrot in the 70s, has been recognized in many areas of science. The novelty of this thesis is the generation of fractal and multifractal processes with underlying construction tree. I study two models in particular. The first one is a generalisation of Iterated Function Systems (IFS), introduced by Hutchinson in the early 80s. IFS are an efficient tool to generate fractal sets and functions, by iterating a given set of operators. The idea here is to allow a random number of random operators at each iteration of the algorithm. We derive simple conditions under which the IFS possesses a fixed point. A few properties of the fixed point are also investigated. The second model, called Multifractal Embedded Branching Process (MEBP), is obtained via a multifractal time change of a discrete self-similar process, the Canonical EBP (CEBP). We give an efficient simulation online algorithm which generates X(n+1) from X(n) in O(log n) steps. We also derive an upper bound of the multifractal spectrum of the time change and we confirm the theoretical results with simulations. Subordinated Brownian motions are particular cases of MEBP processes, which suggests a potential application of MEBP in finance. Finally, we propose to imitate a fractional Brownian motion with an MEBP
Hamonier, Julien. "Analyse par ondelettes du mouvement multifractionnaire stable linéaire." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753510.
Повний текст джерелаPoisat, Julien. "Modèle d’accrochage de polymères en environnement aléatoire faiblement corrélé." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10056/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation we study the pinning model with weakly correlated disorder.The pinning model applies to various situations such as localization of a polymernear a one-dimensional interface, wetting transition and DNA denaturation, whichall display a transition between a localized phase and a delocalized phase.We start by giving a survey of the available results concerning critical pointsand exponents, first for the homogeneous setup and then for the inhomogeneousone, in the case when disorder is given by a sequence of independent and identicallydistributed (i.i.d.) random variables. In the latter case, we also provide a hightemperaturebound on the quenched critical curve in a case of relevant disorder.We then study the random pinning model when disorder is gaussian and hascorrelations with finite range, using the theory of Markov renewal processes. Weexpress the annealed critical curve in terms of the largest eigenvalue of a transfermatrix and we give the annealed critical exponent. We then generalize the criteriafor disorder relevance/irrelevance that were proved for the i.i.d. case.Next we are interested in disorder sequences with infinite range correlations.At first we generalize the method used to deal with finite range correlations andobtain the annealed critical behaviour in the case of gaussian disorder assumingfast decay of correlations. We use to this end the spectral properties of transferoperators for shifts on integer sequences and potentials with summable variations.Secondly we provide some results when disorder is a Markov chain
Zaylaa, Amira. "Analyse et extraction de paramètres de complexité de signaux biomédicaux." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3315/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe analysis of biomedical time series derived from nonlinear dynamic systems is challenging due to the chaotic nature of these time series. Only few classical parameters can be detected by clinicians to opt the state of patients and fetuses. Though there exist valuable complexity invariants such as multi-fractal parameters, entropies and recurrence plot, they were unsatisfactory in certain cases. To overcome this limitation, we propose in this dissertation new entropy invariants, we contributed to multi-fractal analysis and we developed signal-based (unbiased) recurrence plots based on the dynamic transitions of time series. Principally, we aim to improve the discrimination between healthy and distressed biomedical systems, particularly fetuses by processing the time series using our techniques. These techniques were either validated on Lorenz system, logistic maps or fractional Brownian motions modeling chaotic and random time series. Then the techniques were applied to real fetus heart rate signals recorded in the third trimester of pregnancy. Statistical measures comprising the relative errors, standard deviation, sensitivity, specificity, precision or accuracy were employed to evaluate the performance of detection. Elevated discernment outcomes were realized by the high-order entropy invariants. Multi-fractal analysis using a structure function enhances the detection of medical fetal states. Unbiased cross-determinism invariant amended the discrimination process. The significance of our techniques lies behind their post-processing codes which could build up cutting-edge portable machines offering advanced discrimination and detection of Intrauterine Growth Restriction prior to fetal death. This work was devoted to Fetal Heart Rates but time series generated by alternative nonlinear dynamic systems should be further considered