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Статті в журналах з теми "Staphylococcus aureus"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 25 листопада 2024

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1

Davit Nugraha, Anna L. Yusuf, Veri Nugraha, Panji Wahlanto, and Marlina Indriastuti. "AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI AIR PERASAN BUAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus." Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian 7, no. 4 (October 18, 2022): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37874/ms.v7i4.470.

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Bakteri Staphylococus aureus merupakan bakteri patogen dan dapat menyebabkan infeksi mulai dari infeksi kulit ringan sampai dengan infeksi sistemik. Sebagian besar pada awal mulanya Staphylococus aureus peka terhadap penisilin, namun setelah meluasnya penggunaan penisilin ditemukan 65% sampai 85% Staphylococus aureus menghasilkan beta laktamase sehingga menjadi resisten terhadap penisilin G. Hal tersebut diatas mendorong pengobatan alternatif yang aman dan tidak menimbulkan resistensi untuk menanggulangi infeksi bakteri Staphylococus aureus. Perasan buah pepaya sering terdengar penggunaan dimasyarakat untuk pengobatan jerawat secara turun temurun, ini dimungkinkan perasan buah pepaya mempunyai efek anti bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan daya hambat air perasan buah papaya (Carica Papaya L) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode pengujian daya hambat pada air perasan buah papaya menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60% dan 80%. Air perasan buah pepaya pada penelitian ini mempunyai kemampuan daya hambat yang sedang terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, serta konsentrasi yang paling efektif sebesar 60%.

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2

Ondusko, Devlynne S., and Dawn Nolt. "Staphylococcus aureus." Pediatrics in Review 39, no. 6 (June 2018): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2017-0224.

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3

NAQVI, ZULFIQAR ALI, QAMAR AZIZ, and ARIF MEMON. "STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 01 (December 10, 2012): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.587.

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of Staph. aureus in burn patients. Setting: Department of Microbiology, BasicMedical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Period: July 2002 to December 2002. Material and Methods:Out of 52 patients 23 (44%) were found infected by 41 strains of S. aureus in which 10 strains were Methicillin resistant. Results: AllMethicillin sensitive and resistant strains were sensitive to Vancomycin and Chloramphenicol. Other effective drugs against MSSA wereImipenem (93.5%), Cephalothin (77.5%), Clindamycin (68%) while MRSA strains were highly resistant to all other drugs. Conclusions:Gram positive heavily colonize the wound at initial days following burn injury. Once Staph aureus specially MRSA establishing in burn unit,it is very difficult to eradicate these bacteria from burn unit. It is therefore all efforts must made to prevent burn patients from infectionspecially Staph. Aureus infection, by establising infection control team these burn units.

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4

SHEFF, BARBARA. "Staphylococcus aureus." Nursing 31, no. 9 (September 2001): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200131090-00038.

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5

Pasachova Garzón, Jennifer, Sara Ramirez Martinez, and L. Muñoz Molina. "Staphylococcus aureus." Nova 17, no. 32 (November 15, 2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/24629448.3631.

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Staphylococcus aureus se caracteriza por ser la principal causa de bacteriemia nosocomial en el mundo, debido al incremento en la resistencia, a los diferentes factores de patogenicidad y virulencia y la expresión de una gran variedad de roteínas las cuales pertenecen a las moléculas de la matriz adhesiva (MSCRAMM), presentes en la superficie de la bacteria cuya función es la colonización e invasión celular al hospedero y favorecer la formación de biopelícula, El conjunto de estos mecanismos de patogenicidad y virulencia, le permiten a la bacteria persistir en el huésped y en el ambiente, sobreviviendo a factores adversos, al sistema inmune y a los antimicrobianos.

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6

Nimmo, Graeme, and Geoffrey W. Coombs. "Staphylococcus aureus." Microbiology Australia 29, no. 3 (2008): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma08113.

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major bacterial pathogens of man, causing a variety of diseases from mild skin and soft-tissue infections to severe invasive infections with high mortality. In the healthcare setting it is the most frequent cause of surgical site, lower respiratory tract and cardiovascular infections and the second most common cause of blood stream infections and pneumonia. The ability of S. aureus to develop resistance to all classes of antimicrobials, in particular the �-lactams, has become a major global problem. In the pre-antibiotic era, the mortality rate for severe staphylococcal sepsis was as high as 90%. In a recent meta-analysis of nine studies of S. aureus bacteraemia in the antibiotic era, although the mean mortality rate due to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was 12% (ranging from 0 to 38%), for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) the mean was 29% (ranging from 8 to 50%). Whilst estimates vary, the mortality associated with MRSA is on average twice that with MSSA.

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7

Bergdoll, Merlin S. "Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 4 (July 1, 1991): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.4.706.

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Abstract The analytical methods for the detection of the staphylococcal enterotoxins can be divided into 2 categories: (1) methods for detection of enterotoxin-producing staphylococcal strains; (2) methods for detection of enterotoxin in foods. Gel diffusion methods (Ouchterlony, microslide), in which the enterotoxin produced by any given strain is compared to one of the identified enterotoxins, are used most frequently for strain testing. The sensitivity of these methods is from 0.1 to 0.5 μg enterotoxin/mL, which is normally adequate to determine the enterotoxigenicity of strains. The methods for the detection of enterotoxin in foods need to be much more sensitive to detect less than 1 ng of enterotoxin/g of food that may be present. The radioimmunoassay (RIA), the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) method have the necessary sensitivity to detect 1 ng/g of enterotoxin in foods without the use of complicated extraction-concentration procedures. Kits based on the ELISA and RPLA methods are now available commercially for the detection of enterotoxins in foods. Tests have shown that the ELISA methods are somewhat more sensitive than the RPLA method.

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8

Eykyn, S. J., and R. H. Grace. "Staphylococcus aureus." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 28, no. 10 (October 1985): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02560300.

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9

Dinges, Martin M., Paul M. Orwin, and Patrick M. Schlievert. "Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.1.16.

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SUMMARY This article reviews the literature regarding the structure and function of two types of exotoxins expressed by Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) and hemolysins. The molecular basis of PTSAg toxicity is presented in the context of two diseases known to be caused by these exotoxins: toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal food poisoning. The family of staphylococcal PTSAgs presently includes toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and most of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, and SEH). As the name implies, the PTSAgs are multifunctional proteins that invariably exhibit lethal activity, pyrogenicity, superantigenicity, and the capacity to induce lethal hypersensitivity to endotoxin. Other properties exhibited by one or more staphylococcal PTSAgs include emetic activity (SEs) and penetration across mucosal barriers (TSST-1). A detailed review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of the staphylococcal hemolysins is also presented.

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10

Achek, Rachid, Helmut Hotzel, Ibrahim Nabi, Souad Kechida, Djamila Mami, Nassima Didouh, Herbert Tomaso, et al. "Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Sources in Algeria." Pathogens 9, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9020153.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic bacterium causing a wide variety of diseases. Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus is of primary public and animal health concern. The purposes of the present study were to investigate the ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals, humans, and food samples to form biofilms and to screen for the presence of biofilm-associated and regulatory genes. In total, 55 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sheep mastitis cases (n = 28), humans (n = 19), and from food matrices (n = 8) were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The ability of Staphylococcus aureus for slime production and biofilm formation was determined quantitatively. A DNA microarray examination was performed to detect adhesion genes (icaACD and biofilm-associated protein gene (bap)), genes encoding microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), regulatory genes (accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal accessory regulator (sarA)), and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements (SCCmec). Out of 55 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 39 (71.0%) and 23 (41.8%) were producing slime and biofilm, respectively. All Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food showed biofilm formation ability. 52.6% of the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from sheep with mastitis, and 17.9% of isolates from humans, were able to form a biofilm. Microarray analysis typed the Staphylococcus aureus into 15 clonal complexes. Among all Staphylococcus aureus isolates, four of the human isolates (21.1%) harbored the mecA gene (SCCmec type IV) typed into 2 clonal complexes (CC22-MRSA-IV and CC80-MRSA-IV) and were considered as methicillin-resistant, while two of them were slime-producing. None of the isolates from sheep with mastitis harbored the cna gene which is associated with biofilm production. The fnbB gene was found in 100%, 60% and 40% of biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food, humans, and sheep with mastitis, respectively. Three agr groups were present and agr group III was predominant with 43.6%, followed by agr group I (38.2%), and agr group II (18.2%). This study revealed the capacity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates to form biofilms and highlighted the genetic background displayed by Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different sources in Algeria.

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11

Burdette, Steven D., Richard R. Watkins, Ken K. Wong, Stephanie D. Mathew, Donald J. Martin, and Ronald J. Markert. "Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis compared with non-Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis." Journal of Infection 64, no. 5 (May 2012): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2012.01.005.

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12

Skalka, B. "Typing of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci by Means of Staphylococcal Bacteriocins." Acta Veterinaria Brno 55, no. 4 (1986): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb198655040333.

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13

Rodrigues, Sheila da Conceição Sousa, Amanda Alves Fecury, Cláudio Alberto Gellis De Mattos Dias, and Euzébio de Oliveira. "Occurrence of Staphylococcus Aureus in Hospitals: A literature review." Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento 02, no. 05 (May 19, 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/health/staphylococcus-aureus.

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14

Lau, W. Y., C. H. Teoh-Chan, S. T. Fan, and K. F. Lau. "In vitro and in vivo study of fosfomycin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia." Journal of Hygiene 96, no. 3 (June 1986): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400066183.

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SUMMARYFive hundred strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were tested against various anti-staphylococcal agents. Vancomycin, fusidic acid and fosfomycin were found to be the most effective. Only 1 strain out of 500 was resistant to fosfomycin. Three patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia were successfully treated by fosfomycin. We conclude that fosfomycin could be the drug of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.

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15

Zutic, Milenko, Ivana Cirkovic, Ljiljana Pavlovic, Jelena Asanin, Snezana Jovanovic, Jadranka Zutic, and Ruzica Asanin. "First isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pigs’ clinical samples in Serbia." Acta Veterinaria Brno 81, no. 3 (2012): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201281030225.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a highly important human pathogen that is also a significant concern in veterinary medicine. Despite the high prevalence of colonization, clinical infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus appear to be rare in pigs. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from a sow with endometritis and her five piglets with dermatitis originating from a Serbian farm. Identification of the strains was done by automated system and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction for mecA and nuc genes. Detection of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing on erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin was done by disc diffusion method. Six isolated strains from the infected sow and her piglets showed resistance only to tetracycline beside resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics. In the tested methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type V was present. To our knowledge, this finding is the first documented detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pigs’ clinical samples in Serbia. The results of our study indicate the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a pig farm in Serbia highlighting the threat of this antibiotic-resistant microorganism as a pathogen causing both animal and human infections.

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16

O'Riordan, Katherine, and Jean C. Lee. "Staphylococcus aureus Capsular Polysaccharides." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 17, no. 1 (January 2004): 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.17.1.218-234.2004.

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SUMMARY Serotype 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides predominate among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The results of experiments in animal models of infection have revealed that staphylococcal capsules are important in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections. The capsule enhances staphylococcal virulence by impeding phagocytosis, resulting in bacterial persistence in the bloodstream of infected hosts. S. aureus capsules also promote abscess formation in rats. Although the capsule has been shown to modulate S. aureus adherence to endothelial surfaces in vitro, animal studies suggest that it also promotes bacterial colonization and persistence on mucosal surfaces. S. aureus capsular antigens are surface associated, limited in antigenic specificity, and highly conserved among clinical isolates. With the emergence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus in the United States in 2002, new strategies are needed to combat staphylococcal infections. Purified serotype 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides offer promise as target antigens for a vaccine to prevent staphylococcal infections, although the inclusion of other antigens is likely to be essential in the development of an effective S. aureus vaccine. The genetics and mechanisms of capsule biosynthesis are complex, and much work remains to enhance our understanding of capsule biosynthesis and its regulation.

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17

Krishnakumar, Sharanya. "Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of levonadifloxacin – A novel benzoquinolizine drug against MRSA isolates in a tertiary care hospital." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 5312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i5.4176.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) adds a significant burden for health-care workers. In India there is a significant rise in prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus recently. Treatment has become very difficult among the resistant Staphylococcal isolates. Currently vancomycin and linezolid are the commonly used antibiotics. But these drugs have their adverse effects. Hence improved bactericidal antibiotics with increased tissue penetration and low possibility of developing resistance and safe to be used in chronic cases should be used for management of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The drug Levonadifloxacin acts actively against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Quinolone - resistant Staphylococcus aureus phenotypes. Recently in India, levonadifloxacin has been approved for the treatment of various infections like acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections with complicating blood stream infections and also for diabetes complicating infections. Hence we evaluated the activity of levonadifloxacin (10g) by Kirby– Bauer disk diffusion assay against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in the central laboratory of a tertiary care centre for a period of 1year between May 2021 to April 2022. 296 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were identified from various clinical samples. Based on the results of disc diffusion test using Cefoxitin disc, Of the 296 Staphylococcus aureus isolates 104 were methicillin resistant and the rest of the 192 were methicillin sensitive. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested against levonadifloxacin by disc diffusion which yielded 100% susceptibility rate. Hence this study displays potent activity of the drug levonadifloxacin against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and is recommended for therapeutic use.

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18

Rivero, Natividad Lago, José L. Legido Soto, Isaac Arias Santos, and Lidia M. Casás. "Differentiation Between $${\varvec{Staphylococcus\,aureus}}$$ Staphylococcus aureus and $${\varvec{Staphylococcus\,epidermidis}}$$ Staphylococcus epidermidis Using Microcalorimetry." International Journal of Thermophysics 34, no. 6 (May 29, 2013): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-013-1448-5.

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19

Kalashnikova, V. A. "MOLECULAR TYPING OF METHICILLIN-SUSCEPTIBLE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MSSA), ISOLATED FROM MONKEYS, BASED ON COAGULASE GENE POLYMORPHISM." Veterinary Science Today, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2019-3-30-57-62.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a very dangerous microorganism that causes more than 100 nosological forms of disease in humans and animals, including pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, food toxicoinfections, wound abscess, etc. Numerous studies on genotyping Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from humans, food and bovine mastitis have been carried out. The lack of information on the genotyping of these pathogens detected in monkeys living in captivity served as a stimulus to conduct a similar research, since staphylococcal infections in the primates are widespread. The present study is devoted to the study of the polymorphism of a variable region of the coagulase gene and to the typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from monkeys of different species kept at Adler monkey farm. 115 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were studied using phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. Genotyping was performed using PCR, real-time PCR and PCR with subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). A real-time PCR analysis allowed to classify all Staphylococcus aureus as methicillin-susceptible staphylococci (MSSA). After amplification of a variable region of the coagulase gene, 4 types of amplicons of 600, 700, 800, and 900 bp were generated. This data demonstrates structural differences of this gene in the studied isolates. The coagulase gene of 900 bp prevailed. The use of the Cfo1 endonuclease allowed to identify 23 different restriction profiles of the coa gene, but only three of them predominated. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with seven types of coagulase gene were found only in the lungs of monkeys that died of pneumonia. The results obtained suggest that these isolates have tropism for lung tissue. Among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pneumonia cases, isolates with three types of the coa gene prevailed. Staphylococcus aureus of eleven types of coagulase gene can be attributed to the invasive isolates, since they were detected in the tissues of various organs. Staphylococcal infection in monkeys kept at the monkey farm is caused by genotypically heterogeneous population of Staphylococcus aureus.

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20

Oluyemi, Omoya Funmilola, and Daramola Tolulope Amos. "Molecular Assessment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains in Domestic Effluents of a University Community Akure, Nigeria." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 10, no. 3 (2022): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.1032207.

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Domestic effluents were collected from the kitchen, bathroom, laundry of students’ hostels and the effluents were bacteriologically analysed. The molecular identity and methicillin-resistant gene assay of selected multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were conducted via 16S rRNA sequencing. Bathroom effluents obtained from Jadesola hostel had the highest staphylococcal count of 38.04±2.31 CFU/100 ml, while Adeniyi hostel had the least at 1.25±0.05 CFU/100 ml. All presumptive Staphylococcus species isolated from the domestic effluents produced a coagulase-positive outcome. The domestic effluents sourced 2 m away from the original source in FUTA hostels had the Staphylococcus aureus percentage occurrence of 15 % (45.76) whilst a low percentage occurrence was recorded in tap water obtained from the hostel locations at 1 % (8.48%). Staphylococcus aureus isolated in effluents from Abiola male hostel and FUTA staff quarters were resistant to oxacillin at 11.50±0.55 and 12.00±0.00 mm respectively. Staphylococcus aureus strain 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 13 and 14 were positive with Mec A gene bands at approximately 300 base pairs. The Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from this study showed phenotypic resistance to oxacillin, a drug proxy of methicillin in Staphylococcal therapy. The unsystematic expulsion of untreated domestic effluents into water channels should be prohibited.

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21

Yasir, Saif Jabbar, Saad B. Nashtar, and Adel H. Sheeh. "Re-evaluation of the Activity of Some Antibacterial Drugs Against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus in Al_Najaf Al_Ashref Governorate." Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences 3, no. 2 (August 25, 2013): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36321/kjns.vi20132.2481.

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Background: Staphylococcus aurous one of the most common pathogen that cause a wide range of infection started by simple skin infection and end by septicemias and high possibility of death. The study aimed to: present study try to evaluate the sensitivity and resistance pattern of staphylococcus aureus against Gentamycin, Cotrimethoprim, Amoxicillin and Cefalexin. Methodology: A 55 isolates of staphylococcus aureus obtained from urine, pleural fluid, joint aspiration, ear, skin, and pus, of indoor and outdoor patient in AL-SADER teaching hospital, AL-Najaf AL-Ashref, Iraq. in a period extended between 9-1-2009- ---8-3-2010. And each isolate was tested for these 4 antibacterial drug . Results: and results showed that Gentamycin has the highest percentage of sensitivity by staphylococcus aureus (34.83%) while Amoxicillin showed the highest percentage of resistance by staphylococcus aureus (30%). Conclusion: Gentamycin was the drug of choice in treatment of staphylococcus aureus infection in al-najaf al-ashref. Recommendation: we recommend further evaluation about antibacterial sensitivity together with college of medicine.

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22

Aguilar, Javier, Varinia Urday-Cornejo, Susan Donabedian, Mary Perri, Robert Tibbetts, and Marcus Zervos. "Staphylococcus aureus Meningitis." Medicine 89, no. 2 (March 2010): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0b013e3181d5453d.

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23

McGuire, Emma, Aileen Boyd, and Katherine Woods. "Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 10 (February 3, 2020): 2765–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa109.

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24

Tan, Michael J. "Staphylococcus aureus Enterocolitis." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 16, no. 4 (July 2008): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0b013e31817e5c4c.

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25

Chen, Sharon F. "Staphylococcus aureus Decolonization." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 24, no. 1 (January 2005): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000152261.65169.e6.

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26

Bartlett, Allison H., and Kristina G. Hulten. "Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenesis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 29, no. 9 (September 2010): 860–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e3181ef2477.

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27

SCHLESINGER, LARRY S., STEPHEN C. ROSS, and DENNIS R. SCHABERG. "Staphylococcus aureus Meningitis." Medicine 66, no. 2 (March 1987): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005792-198703000-00006.

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28

Otto, Michael. "Staphylococcus aureus toxins." Current Opinion in Microbiology 17 (February 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.004.

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29

Cantinieaux, B., C. Hariga, P. Courtoy, J. Hupin, and P. Fondu. "Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis." Journal of Immunological Methods 121, no. 2 (July 1989): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(89)90161-0.

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30

Chang, Feng-Yee, James E. Peacock, Daniel M. Musher, Patricia Triplett, Brent B. MacDonald, Joseph M. Mylotte, Alice O’Donnell, Marilyn M. Wagener, and Victor L. Yu. "Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia." Medicine 82, no. 5 (September 2003): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.md.0000091184.93122.09.

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31

Kollef, Marin H., and Scott T. Micek. "Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia." Chest 128, no. 3 (September 2005): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.128.3.1093.

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32

Jensen, Allan G. "Staphylococcus aureus Meningitis." Archives of Internal Medicine 153, no. 16 (August 23, 1993): 1902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1993.00410160066005.

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Fowler, Vance G., Jose M. Miro, Bruno Hoen, Christopher H. Cabell, Elias Abrutyn, Ethan Rubinstein, G. Ralph Corey, et al. "Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis." JAMA 293, no. 24 (June 22, 2005): 3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.24.3012.

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34

Espersen, Frank. "Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis." Archives of Internal Medicine 146, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1986.00360180110018.

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Sheagren, John N. "Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia." Archives of Internal Medicine 146, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1986.00360240037005.

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36

Bayer, Arnold S. "Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia." Archives of Internal Medicine 147, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1987.00370030061013.

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37

Singhal, Deepti, Andrew Foreman, Josh-Jervis Bardy, and Peter-John Wormald. "Staphylococcus aureus biofilms." Laryngoscope 121, no. 7 (June 6, 2011): 1578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.21805.

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BOKAREWA, M., T. JIN, and A. TARKOWSKI. "Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase." International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 38, no. 4 (2006): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2005.07.005.

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39

Gurevich, Inge. "Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia." American Journal of Infection Control 15, no. 5 (October 1987): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(87)90101-5.

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Boynukara, Banur, Timur Gulhan, Kemal Gurturk, Mustafa Alisarli, and Erdal Ogun. "Evolution of slime production by coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterotoxigenic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various human clinical specimens." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47140-0.

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The present study was designed to determine the slime production of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and the enterotoxigenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains, and to evaluate the clinical importance of slime-producing CoNS and enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains isolated from various human clinical specimens. For this purpose, a total of 120 Staphylococcus strains were isolated and identified, and further characterized for their slime production and enterotoxigenicity. Of the clinical isolates, 55 (45.8 %) were found to be S. aureus, and the others (54.2 %) were identified as CoNS. Of the CoNS, 20 (16.7 %) were further identified as Staphylococcus hominis, 18 (15 %) as Staphylococcus epidermidis, six (5 %) as Staphylococcus xylosus, six (5 %) as Staphylococcus warneri, five (4.2 %) as Staphylococcus sciuri, four (3.3 %) as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and two each (1.7 %) as Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus capitis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, respectively. Thirty-nine (60 %) of 65 CoNS were found to be slime producers. Slime production was observed in all CoNS, except S. capitis, mostly from blood (38.5 %), tracheal aspiration (20.5 %) and urine (12.8 %) specimens. In addition, of the 55 S. aureus isolates, 46 (83.6 %) were found to be enterotoxigenic, and of these S. aureus strains, 39 (84.7 %) were positive for staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE)A. The results of this study showed that the slime-producing CoNS were mostly found in clinical specimens of blood, tracheal aspirate and urine. SEA was the predominant enterotoxin type detected in S. aureus strains from human clinical specimens.

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Akpudo, M. O., O. Jimoh, G. O. Adeshina, and B. O. Olayinka. "Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Clinical Isolates from Two Healthcare Facilities in Zaria." Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 1 (July 26, 2023): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.6.

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Background: Antibiotic resistance is a public health challenge worldwide. There is a huge global concern about the increased drug- resistant S. aureus and the development of multiple resistance to several drugs. A well-designed surveillance study has been found to be a fundamental approach in the control of antimicrobial resistance. Objective: This study investigated the biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from two healthcare facilities in Zaria. Methods: A total of 200 presumptive Staphylococcal isolates from clinical specimens were collected and identified by conventional methods. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested against a panel of antibiotics using the modified Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were tested using cefoxitin disk, and Micro broth dilution method for Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The biofilmforming ability of the isolates were analyzed quantitatively using the microtitre plate method. Results: Of the 200 presumptive staphylococcal isolates, 22(11%) were Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates shows high resistance to tigecycline (100%), vancomycin (100%), clindamycin (40.9%), and tetracycline (40.9). The occurrence of MRSA in this study was 18.8% and MDR (was 68.2%). The biofilm-forming ability of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates is; weak biofilm formers 16 (72.7%), moderate biofilm formers 5 (22.7%), and strong biofilm former 1 (4.5%). Conclusion: There is need for more research to ascertain the relationship between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Close monitoring of antimicrobial resistance is necessary as it helps to design tangible actions that will yield the greatest impact to control the spread of resistant organisms.

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Kurniyadi, H., A. D. Faiztama, A. P. Widiyanto, F. Aziz, and S. I. O. Salasia. "Detection of New Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Encoding Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Animals and Humans in Yogyakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1174, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1174/1/012012.

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Abstract Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are essential in human and animal infection and food poisoning. This study analyzed ten genes (sek, sel, sem, sen, seo, sep, seq, ser, ses, and set) encoding new staphylococcal enterotoxin isolated from animals and humans by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In Yogyakarta, Indonesia, samples from human infection cases (174 isolates), samples from cattle (5 isolates), and samples from goats (5 isolates) resulted in a total of 183 Staphylococcus aureus isolates.. All isolates were confirmed to be Staphylococcus aureus based on bacterial culture and biochemistry as well as identification of 23S rRNA. The sel gene was most often observed in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from goats (4 isolates, 80%), followed by the 20% sek gene. Isolates Staphylococcus aureus from cattle, the sel gene was most often found 44% (4 isolates), followed by sek gene 22%, sep gene 22% and ser gene 11%. Staphylococcus aureus isolates from humans were found with the most sem genes 22% (38 isolates), followed by 21% sel genes, 14% sek genes, 13% sep genes, 8% sen genes, and 2% ser genes. Staphylococcus aureus isolates from goats and cattle most frequently included the sel gene, whereas those from humans contained the sem gene. Detecting a new type of SE among animals and humans indicates a public health threat due to SE infection. The occurrence of this new type of SE might be used as an approach for controlling infections and food poisoning diseases.

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Jukes, Leanne, Jane Mikhail, Naledi Bome-Mannathoko, Stephen J. Hadfield, Llinos G. Harris, Khalid El-Bouri, Angharad P. Davies, and Dietrich Mack. "Rapid differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci and meticillin susceptibility testing directly from growth-positive blood cultures by multiplex real-time PCR." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 1456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.023168-0.

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This study evaluated a multiplex real-time PCR method specific for the mecA, femA-SA and femA-SE genes for rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and non-S. epidermidis coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), and meticillin susceptibility testing directly in positive blood cultures that grew Gram-positive cocci in clusters. A total of 100 positive blood cultures produced: 39 S. aureus [12 meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 31 % of all the S. aureus]; 30 S. epidermidis (56.6 % of the CoNS), 8 Staphylococcus capitis (15.1 %), 3 Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.7 %), 4 Staphylococcus hominis (7.5 %), 3 Staphylococcus haemolyticus (5.7 %), 2 Staphylococcus warneri (3.8 %), 1 Staphylococcus cohnii (1.9 %) and 2 unidentified Staphylococcus spp. (3.8 %); and 1 Micrococcus luteus in pure culture. Two blood cultures had no growth on subculture and five blood cultures grew mixed CoNS. For the 95 blood cultures with pure growth or no growth on subculture, there was very good agreement between real-time PCR and the BD Phoenix identification system for staphylococcal species categorization in S. aureus, S. epidermidis and non-S. epidermidis CoNS and meticillin-resistance determination (Cohen's unweighted kappa coefficient κ=0.882). All MRSA and meticillin-susceptible S. aureus were correctly identified by mecA amplification. PCR amplification of mecA was more sensitive for direct detection of meticillin-resistant CoNS in positive blood cultures than testing with the BD Phoenix system. There were no major errors when identifying staphylococcal isolates and their meticillin susceptibility within 2.5 h. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefit of using such a rapid test on the consumption of glycopeptide antibiotics and the alteration of empiric therapy in the situation of positive blood cultures growing staphylococci, and the respective clinical outcomes.

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Chauhan, Sapna, Surender, and Tony J. Rappai. "Mupirocin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Nasal Swabs of ICU and OT Staff- A Study from A Tertiary Care Hospital." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 4 (September 29, 2021): 2059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.4.28.

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common causes of Healthcare-associated infection. Staphylococcus colonizes the anterior nares of the nose and tends to disseminate and secondarily colonize several other body sites including the skin and the gut. Colonized hospital personnel may be an important factor in dissemination. Staphylococcus aureus to patients and vice-versa. Mupirocin is an excellent topical anti-staphylococcal antimicrobial agent used for eradicating nasal carriage. Resistance to Mupirocin is a threat for future use of this drug in eliminating nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the rate of Mupirocin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs of Health care workers (HCWs ) of Operation Theatres (OTs) and Intensive Care Units (ICUs). A single nasal swab was collected from both the anterior nares of participating health care workers of ICU and OT once at the end of their shift. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using CLSI guidelines. High and low-level Mupirocin resistance was determined. Among 282 nasal swabs collected, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 62 samples. Of Staphylococcus aureus 19 came out to be Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and the remaining 43 Methicillin sensitive (MSSA). Mupirocin resistance was seen in 3 MRSA strains and 1 MSSA strain. Thus, overall 4/62 (6.5%) strains were MupR strains. Mupirocin is the most effective antibiotic used against colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in anterior nares. Resistance to this antibiotic is thus an alarm as well as a matter of great concern. Necessary steps, policies and guidelines need to be framed to stop the spread of this resistance.

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Begum, Ayisha, M. K. Aishwarya, and Aeliya Zehra M. Achiffa Abdul Rahiman R. Ushasri. "Staphylococcus Aureus Pigment-Bio Colour as a Novel Antibacterial Agent Against Staphylococcus Aureus Isolate from Coins." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd15918.

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46

Severin, J. A., E. S. Lestari, K. Kuntaman, M. Pastink, S. V. Snijders, N. Lemmens-den Toom, D. Horst-Kreft, et al. "Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Strains of Staphylococcus sciuri in the Indonesian Population." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 12 (September 13, 2010): 5413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00426-10.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococcus sciuri strains were unexpectedly cultured from healthy persons and patients from Indonesia during a population-based survey on nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage. Fifty-one S. sciuri isolates were further characterized. The S. aureus mecA gene was detected by PCR in 22 isolates (43.1%), whereas S. sciuri mecA was found in 33 isolates (64.7%). The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) regions of S. aureus mecA-positive isolates contained elements of classical S. aureus SCCmec types II and/or III.

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Loeto, Daniel, Kabo Wale, Tidimalo Coetzee, Krishna B. Khare*, Thabang Carol Sigwele, Baemedi Letsholo, and Nkosi Ndabambi. "Determination of antibiotic resistance and enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foods sold by street vendors in Gaborone, Botswana." International Journal of Bioassays 6, no. 04 (April 2, 2017): 5334. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.04.001.

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Staphylococcal food poisoning ensues after ingestion of contaminated food and results in symptoms of gastroenteritis such as vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. The present paper aims to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from foods sold by street vendors in Gaborone, Botswana, and to determine its enterotoxigenic potential and antibiotic resistance profile. One hundred eight food samples comprising starch, meat, salads and vegetables portions were collected from these vendors and tested for the presence of S. aureus. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus to the species level was performed using the Vitek 2 automated identification and susceptibility testing system (BioMerieux, Marcy-I’Etoile, France). Enterotoxins were detected by the Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination method (SET-RPLA). Results showed that 49 (45%) of the samples tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The organism was isolated at higher frequencies in vegetables and starchy foods (34.7%) than in meats (30.6%). These differences in isolation rates however, were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin G (52.4%), tetracycline (38.1%), methicillin (26.2%) and vancomycin (11.9%). Four Staphylococcal enterotoxin types A-D, were detected among the isolates. Staphylococcal enterotoxin D was the most prevalent (52.9%), while enterotoxin C was produced by the least number of isolates (5.9%). Of note, five isolates simultaneously expressed two or more enterotoxin types in varying combinations. The present study underscores a potential risk of staphylococcal food poisoning and transmission of methicillin resistant S. aueus strains for consumers of street vended food products in Gaborone, Botswana especially in the absence of a quality assurance regulatory framework. As a mitigating factor, sensitization of street food vendors on the importance of food and personal hygiene is strongly recommended.

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Jannat, Jarin, Sadia Islam, Md Ashiqur Rahman, Md Sujon Ali, Shohanur Rahaman, Md Nazmul Islam, and K. M. Rashidul Islam Sakib. "Determination of Antimicrobial Properties of Raw and Commercial Honey against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." International Journal of Pathogen Research 12, no. 5 (October 13, 2023): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i5246.

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Background: In contrast to antibiotics, honey has strong antibacterial characteristics, a broad spectrum of action, no side effects, is non-toxic, and has no issues like building resistance. This study aimed to find out the antimicrobial properties of raw and commercial honey against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and ATCC Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology: Four different types of raw honey were collected from different flowers. Three different commercial honey samples were also collected from nearby grocery shops. Five Staphylococcus aureus samples were cultured in Mueller Hinton agar which was collected from the microbiology laboratory of BIHS General hospital. Then agar well diffusion method was carried out to determine the antimicrobial properties of raw and commercial honey. Results: The presence of antimicrobial activity is indicated by the absence of bacterial growth directly below the test sample. From this study we can see an inhibition zone around the honey well. The zone was not clear but from that we get to know that honey can prevent Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the ATCC strain of it. Conclusion: The present investigation shows that bioactive constituents from raw and commercial honey have antimicrobial activity against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and ATCC Staphylococcus aureus, however, this can be further explored as an alternative anti-staphylococcal agent.

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Karuppiah, Ponmurugan, Suresh S. S. Raja, and Muhammad Musthafa Poyil. "Microbiological profile of diabetic foot infections and the detection of mecA gene in predominant Staphylococcus aureus." Universa Medicina 41, no. 2 (May 26, 2022): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2022.v41.121-128.

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BACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem that is rapidly expanding worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium which has a number of drug resistant strains. Different variants of this pathogen have been isolated from patients with diabetic foot ulcers - in persons having uncontrolled blood sugar level - all over the world, resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in diabetic foot infections (DFIs). METHODS An epidemiological survey was conducted and 300 pus samples were collected from wounds, abscesses, skin and soft tissue lesions of patients having type II diabetes with foot ulcer infections at a tertiary care hospital. Further, the antibacterial susceptibility patterns of all the isolated Staphylococcus aureus were determined against methicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin and novobiocin. RESULTS Pathogenic bacterial species including coagulase positive and coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Citrobacter sp. were identified, among which Staphylococcus was the main genus identified. A total of 13 (4.3%) isolates of coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to methicillin. Using PCR, 7 (53.8%) staphylococcal isolates were detected with the mecA gene. CONCLUSIONStaphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of DFIs. This study demonstrates that about 53.8% of all methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates have mecA genes. Such a finding is the primary step in understanding and tackling the resistance mechanism.

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Cunha and R. A. O. Calsolari. "Toxigenicity in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects." Microbiology Insights 1 (January 2008): MBI.S796. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/mbi.s796.

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Representatives of the Staphylococcus genus are the most common pathogens found in hospital environments, and they are etiological agents for a large variety of infections. Various virulence factors are responsible for the symptoms and severity of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Among them are staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), which cause staphylococcal food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Some reports indicate that TSST-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins are also produced by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The present review aimed to discuss general aspects of staphylococcal toxins as well as the epidemiology, genetics and detection of toxins in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, since these microorganisms are becoming more and more frequent in nosocomial infections.

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