Статті в журналах: "Staphylococcic"

1

Nikolaeva, I. V., V. A. Anokhin, L. M. Malysheva, A. M. Nikolaev, and B. N. Vasenin. "Clinic of staphylococcal intestinal dysbacteriosis in children." Kazan medical journal 81, no. 5 (February 2, 2022): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96337.

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The variants of the course of staphylococcic intestine dysbacteriosis in 264 children aged one month to 7 years are studied. In babies with decreased colonizational resistance the pathogenic staphylococcus contamination in 79 92,3% of the cases is accompanied by the clinical infection symptomatology of gastroenteric tract and various extraenteric manifestations. In children over one year the given microbiocenosis disorder variant in 45 59,5% of the cases takes the course of asymptomatic bacteria carrier Saureus in intestine. Subcompensated forms are characterized by moderately pronounced clinical symptomatology. The infants infected by pathogenic staphylococcus in the first months of life are subjected to the development of allergodermatoses, staphylococcic infection, hypotrophy and anemia.

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2

Lithander, Arne. "Method of Producing Staphylococcic Toxin." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 21, no. 5 (August 14, 2009): 764–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1944.tb04976.x.

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3

Lithander, Arne. "ANTITOXIC IMMUNITY AS PROTECTION AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCIC INFECTION." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 53, no. 4 (August 18, 2009): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1961.tb00419.x.

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4

Lagier, R. "Coexistence of staphylococcic spondylitis and spinal hyperostosis." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 147, no. 10 (October 1987): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1048676.

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5

Montero, Luis Caminal, Rui M. Cabral Susano, Alicia González Marroquin, and Luis Ovidio González. "Aortic Root Staphylococcic Endarteritis With Aortopulmonary Fistula." Chest 105, no. 5 (May 1994): 1631–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.105.5.1631.

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6

Lithander, Arne. "Method of Producing Purified and Concentrated Staphylococcic Toxoid." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 21, no. 5 (August 14, 2009): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1944.tb04975.x.

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7

Falkenberg, Trygve. "MACROPHAGES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN STAPHYLOCOCCIC SEPSIS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 24, no. 1 (August 18, 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1947.tb00572.x.

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8

Cunha and R. A. O. Calsolari. "Toxigenicity in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects." Microbiology Insights 1 (January 2008): MBI.S796. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/mbi.s796.

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Representatives of the Staphylococcus genus are the most common pathogens found in hospital environments, and they are etiological agents for a large variety of infections. Various virulence factors are responsible for the symptoms and severity of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Among them are staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), which cause staphylococcal food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Some reports indicate that TSST-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins are also produced by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The present review aimed to discuss general aspects of staphylococcal toxins as well as the epidemiology, genetics and detection of toxins in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, since these microorganisms are becoming more and more frequent in nosocomial infections.

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9

Eichenwald, Heinz F., Henry R. Shinefield, Marvin Boris, and John C. Ribble. "“BACTERIAL INTERFERENCE” AND STAPHYLOCOCCIC COLONIZATION IN INFANTS AND ADULTS*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 128, no. 1 (December 16, 2006): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb11649.x.

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10

Michael, Charalambia K., Daphne T. Lianou, Natalia G. C. Vasileiou, Katerina Tsilipounidaki, Angeliki I. Katsafadou, Antonis P. Politis, Nikos G. Kordalis, et al. "Association of Staphylococcal Populations on Teatcups of Milking Parlours with Vaccination against Staphylococcal Mastitis in Sheep and Goat Farms." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040385.

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There is a paucity of information regarding staphylococcal populations on teatcups of milking parlours in sheep and goat farms. The objectives were to describe the populations of staphylococci on teatcups in milking parlours in sheep or goat farms in two field investigations throughout Greece and to potentially associate the findings with the use of anti-staphylococcal mastitis vaccinations in the farms visited during the two investigations. In a cross-sectional (255 sheep and 66 goat farms across Greece) and a longitudinal (12 sheep farms, four samplings, throughout lactation) study, swab samples were collected from 1418 teatcups (upper and lower part) for staphylococcal recovery, identification and assessment of biofilm-formation. A total of 328 contaminated teatcups (23.1%) were found in 105 sheep (41.2%) and 35 goat (53.0%) farms. Staphylococci were more frequently recovered from the upper than the lower part of teatcups: 269 versus 139 teatcups, respectively. After identification, 253 staphylococcal isolates were found: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus equorum, Staphylococcus lentus, and Staphylococcus capitis predominated. Of these isolates, 87.4% were biofilm-forming. The proportion of contaminated teatcups was smaller in farms where vaccination against anti-staphylococcal mastitis in general or vaccination specifically against mastitis caused specifically by biofilm-forming staphylococcal strains was applied, 19.7% or 10.9%, respectively, versus 25.5% in farms without vaccination. In the longitudinal study, contaminated teatcups were identified in 28 (58.3%) sampling occasions, with staphylococci being recovered more frequently from their upper part. The same species as in the cross-sectional study predominated. Of these isolates, 61.9% were biofilm-forming. In farms where vaccination against mastitis caused specifically by biofilm-forming staphylococcal strains was applied, the proportion of contaminated teatcups was smaller: 20.4% versus 48.3% in farms without vaccination. There were no differences in proportions of contaminated teatcups between sampling occasions. In conclusion, the great majority of staphylococci recovered from teatcups of milking parlours in sheep and goat farms included biofilm-forming isolates. Reduced staphylococcal isolation was noted in farms where anti-staphylococcal vaccination was performed; this was possibly the effect of reduced excretion of staphylococci in the milk of vaccinated animals.

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11

Musina, L. T., I. A. Semina, and O. S. Darbeeva. "Study of a nosocomial outbreak of staphylococcal infection using various labeling methods." Kazan medical journal 74, no. 4 (August 15, 1993): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj71445.

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The outbreak of pyo-inflammatory diseases of staphylococcic etiology in a hospital is studied as a result of the complex intraspecific marking. Isolated S. aureus cultures have a unified antibioticogram and a similar spectrum of extracellular proteins, which permits estimating them as subcultures of one strain.

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12

John Jr, Joseph. "The treatment of resistant staphylococcal infections." F1000Research 9 (February 26, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17718.1.

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Staphylococcus aureus of the many staphylococcal species is the most common cause of both skin and soft tissue infection and severe staphylococcal infections including Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Many antibiotics are active against the staphylococci, yet over the last 40 years antibiotic resistance, particularly resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, has plagued antimicrobial therapy. The term “methicillin resistance” is a historic term and now refers to the ability of staphylococci, in particular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to resist the action of beta-lactam antibiotics. This resistance is encoded by the mecA gene carried in a complex genetic cassette, SCCmec. Vancomycin and old antibiotics remain the keystone of treatment for resistant staphylococci. Other newer agents, and some older agents, show good activity against resistant staphylococci which are the focus of this review: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftaroline, daptomycin, fosfomycin, linezolid, dalbavancin, televancin, and omadacycline. Other agents with novel mechanisms of action are under development, for use as single anti-staphylococcal agents or for combination use to augment the action of the primary anti-staphylococcal agent. Vancomycin therapy carries specific risks, particularly renal dysfunction, but despite its foibles, vancomycin remains the standard of care for the treatment of resistant staphylococcal infections. Some clinicians implement an early switch from vancomycin at the earliest signs of renal dysfunction. The near horizon holds promise also of augmentation of both cellular and humoral responses to staphylococcal infection. Pending newer clinical trials that show clear superiority of one anti-staphylococcal agent over another or over vancomycin, it will remain to expert clinical judgment in determining antibiotic choice and duration of anti-staphylococcal therapy.

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13

Jankovic, Vesna, Vesna Djordjevic, Brankica Lakicevic, Branka Borovic, B. Velebit, and Radmila Mitrovic. "Determination of staphylococcal enterotoxins in cheese by immunoenzyme assays." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 4 (2012): 1449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1204449j.

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Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common foodborne diseases resulting from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) preformed in foods by enterotoxigenic strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), mainly Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of enterotoxigenic strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci in raw milk during the production process leads to the contamination of products and outbreaks of alimentary intoxication. The problem of Staphylococcus aureus in cheese remains significant on a global level. Domestic cheese contaminated with enterotoxigenic staphylococci can result in the formation of enterotoxin, which can produce foodborne illness when the product is ingested. Due to microbiological contamination, microbiological criteria are tools that can be used in assessing the safety and quality of foods. In order to avoid foodborne illness, the Serbian Regulation on General and Special Conditions for Food Hygiene (Official Gazette of RS, No. 72/10) provides microbiological criteria for staphylococcal enterotoxins in dairy products.

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14

Chou, Po-Yen, Duane Robinson, Amy S. Kapatkin, Steven E. Epstein, Michelle A. Giuffrida, and Barbara A. Byrne. "Susceptibility of Incisional Site Staphylococcus spp. to Three Common Perioperative Antimicrobials in Dogs Undergoing Clean Orthopaedic Procedures." VCOT Open 03, no. 02 (July 2020): e158-e163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716847.

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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of the incisional site Staphylococcus spp. to three commonly used perioperative antimicrobials in dogs. Materials and Methods A cohort of client-owned dogs was included in this prospective observational study. After induction of general anaesthesia and hair clipping, culture samples were collected from the incisional site of healthy dogs before orthopaedic surgery. The isolated colonies were identified. The susceptibility pattern of staphylococcal isolates was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute standards. The staphylococcal susceptibilities to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime were compared with cefazolin using two-sided equality of proportions test. Results A total of 391 bacterial isolates were identified in 115 dogs. Bacillus spp. (n = 200) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 95) were the most common bacteria isolated. Coagulase- positive and -negative staphylococci were isolated in 44 and 38% of dogs respectively. Cefazolin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime staphylococcal susceptibilities were 68, 77 and 76% respectively. There were no significant differences in Staphylococcus spp. susceptibility between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or cefpodoxime and cefazolin (p = 0.19, p = 0.25). Thirty-six per cent of coagulase-negative staphylococci and 6% of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated were methicillin resistant. Conclusion Cefazolin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime had similar susceptibilities for staphylococcal isolates. Routine use of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or cefpodoxime in replace of cefazolin should be practiced with caution.

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15

Wei, Yuannan, Esha Sandhu, Xi Yang, Jie Yang, Yuanyuan Ren, and Xingjie Gao. "Bidirectional Functional Effects of Staphylococcus on Carcinogenesis." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122353.

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As a Gram-positive cocci existing in nature, Staphylococcus has a variety of species, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, etc. Growing evidence reveals that Staphylococcus is closely related to the occurrence and development of various cancers. On the one hand, cancer patients are more likely to suffer from bacterial infection and antibiotic-resistant strain infection compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, there exists an association between staphylococcal infection and carcinogenesis. Staphylococcus often plays a pathogenic role and evades the host immune system through surface adhesion molecules, α-hemolysin, PVL (Panton-Valentine leukocidin), SEs (staphylococcal enterotoxins), SpA (staphylococcal protein A), TSST-1 (Toxic shock syndrom toxin-1) and other factors. Staphylococcal nucleases (SNases) are extracellular nucleases that serve as genomic markers for Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, a human homologue of SNases, SND1 (staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain-containing 1), has been recognized as an oncoprotein. This review is the first to summarize the reported basic and clinical evidence on staphylococci and neoplasms. Investigations on the correlation between Staphylococcus and the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of breast, skin, oral, colon and other cancers, are made from the perspectives of various virulence factors and SND1.

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16

De los Santos, Rosario, Álvaro González-Revello, Lucía Majul, Ana Umpiérrez, Ariel Aldrovandi, Andrés Gil, Darío Hirigoyen, and Pablo Zunino. "Subclinical bovine mastitis associated with Staphylococcus spp. in eleven Uruguayan dairy farms." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 16, no. 04 (April 30, 2022): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12960.

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Introduction: Bovine mastitis is the most common disease affecting the dairy industry, with staphylococci being considered as one of the most significant and prevalent causes. This study aimed to assess the presence of staphylococcal subclinical mastitis (SCM) in Uruguayan dairy farms and to identify Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) in milking cows. In addition, the antibiotic susceptibility of isolated staphylococci was evaluated. Methodology: We tested 546 apparently healthy milking cows from 11 farms for detecting SCM using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The cows were not treated with antibiotics. CMT-positive samples were cultured, and colonies compatible with Staphylococcus spp. were further identified through molecular techniques. The susceptibility of the Staphylococcus spp. isolates against thirteen antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method. Results: Subclinical staphylococcal mastitis was present in almost all (82%) farms. SA (n = 39) was more common than NAS (n = 9) in the 48 samples tested. Isolates exhibited resistance to one, two, and even three different antibiotics. Resistance to penicillin was the most frequent among SA (23/39) and NAS (4/9). No staphylococci isolates exhibited resistance to cefoxitin, vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, or clindamycin. Conclusions: Staphylococcal SCM is one of the most common diseases in Uruguayan dairy farms. SA was the prevalent pathogen, however SA and NAS mastitis coexisted in many farms. NAS were identified and its distribution was similar to other countries. Penicillin had the highest and most frequent percentage of resistance.

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17

Borodkina, I. V. "BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA." Veterinary Science Today, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2019-4-31-13-18.

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Staphylococci are one of the causes of food poisoning in many countries of the world. Intoxication occurs due to staphylococcal exotoxins entering the human body. One of the main sources of staphylococcal toxins is milk and dairy products contaminated with pathogenic staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus has the greatest sanitary and hygienic importance. In 2016–2018 168 samples of ready-to-eat dairy products were tested for Staphylococcus aureus in the Food Safety Laboratory of the FGBI “ARRIAH” in the Republic of Crimea. The tests were performed according to GOST 30347-2016 “Milk and dairy products. Methods of Staphylococcus aureus detection”. Biochemical properties of the recovered isolates were studied using Vitek 2 Compact analyzer. It was established that the following groups of products are contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus to the greatest extent: butter (20%), sour cream (9.09%), curd and curd products (4.55%), pasteurized milk in the consumer packaging (4.35%). The basic biological characteristics of the isolates have been studied and their antimicrobial resistance has been determined. All the isolated Staphylococcus aureus cultures demonstrated a 100% sensitivity to benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, imipenem, ticarcillin, meropenem, ciprofl oxacin, ofl oxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, doxycycline, tetracycline, rifampin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim and were 100% resistant to enrofl oxacin. Resistance to streptomycin was determined in 28.6% of isolates, and 14.3% of isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were not detected among the bacteria.

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18

Iversen, Søren, Thor Bech Johannesen, Anna Cäcilia Ingham, Sofie Marie Edslev, Staffan Tevell, Emeli Månsson, Åsa Nilsdotter-Augustinsson, Bo Söderquist, Marc Stegger, and Paal Skytt Andersen. "Alteration of Bacterial Communities in Anterior Nares and Skin Sites of Patients Undergoing Arthroplasty Surgery: Analysis by 16S rRNA and Staphylococcal-Specific tuf Gene Sequencing." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121977.

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The aim was to study alterations of bacterial communities in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty to assess the impact of chlorhexidine gluconate soap decolonisation and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. A Swedish multicentre, prospective collection of samples obtained from elective arthroplasty patients (n = 83) by swabbing anterior nares, skin sites in the groin and the site of planned surgery, before and after arthroplasty surgery, was analysed by 16S rRNA (V3-V4) gene sequencing and a complementary targeted tuf gene sequencing approach to comprehensively characterise alterations in staphylococcal communities. Significant reductions in alpha diversity was detected for both bacterial (p = 0.04) and staphylococcal (p = 0.03) groin communities after arthroplasty surgery with significant reductions in relative Corynebacterium (p = 0.001) abundance and Staphylococcus hominis (p = 0.01) relative staphylococcal abundance. In nares, significant reductions occurred for Staphylococcus hominis (p = 0.02), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (p = 0.02), and Staphylococcus pasteuri (p = 0.003) relative to other staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus colonised 35% of anterior nares before and 26% after arthroplasty surgery. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most abundant staphylococcal species at all sampling sites. No bacterial genus or staphylococcal species increased significantly after arthroplasty surgery. Application of a targeted tuf gene sequencing approach provided auxiliary staphylococcal community profiles and allowed species-level characterisation directly from low biomass clinical samples.

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19

Sleiniute, Jurate, and Jurate Siugzdaite. "Distribution of coagulase-positive staphylococci in humans and dogs." Acta Veterinaria Brno 84, no. 4 (2015): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201584040313.

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Staphylococci form part of the normal flora of humans and a wide variety of animals. Some staphylococcal species also cause infections for human and household pets. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of coagulase-positive staphylococci in humans and dogs within a common household. Coagulase-positive staphylococci could not be identified phenotypically in all cases. Molecular methods were used for the correct identification of pathogenic staphylococci. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 26/72 (36.1%) dog owners and in 4/61 (6.6%) dogs. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was isolated from three (4.2%) humans, and from 28 dogs (45.9%). Other coagulase-positive staphylococci species were not isolated in this study. Colonization of S. aureus in humans was significantly higher than in dogs (P < 0.001). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was more common in dogs compared to humans (P < 0.001). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains were isolated from dogs with clinical symptoms more frequently compared to healthy dogs (P = 0.02). Colonization of S. aureus in female dogs was significantly higher compared to male dogs (P = 0.045). The same staphylococci species were isolated from the dog and its owner in six households (12%, 6/50).

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20

Pfaller, M. A., and L. A. Herwaldt. "Laboratory, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of coagulase-negative staphylococci." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1, no. 3 (July 1988): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.1.3.281.

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, are increasingly important causes of nosocomial infection. Microbiologists and clinicians no longer can afford to disregard clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci as contaminants. Accurate species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, in a clinically relevant time frame, are important aids in the diagnosis and management of serious coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections. Emphasis in the clinical laboratory should be placed on the routine identification of S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, with identification of other species of coagulase-negative staphylococci as clinically indicated. The application of newer techniques, such as plasmid analysis and tests for slime production and adherence, contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of coagulase-negative staphylococci and may also be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of infection.

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Speziale, Pietro, and Giampiero Pietrocola. "Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Surface-Exposed and Secreted Proteins from Staphylococci." Vaccines 9, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050459.

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Staphylococci (specifically Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) are the causative agents of diseases ranging from superficial skin and soft tissue infections to severe conditions such as fatal pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis and endocarditis. The widespread and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to serious problems of resistance to staphylococcal disease and has generated a renewed interest in alternative therapeutic agents such as vaccines and antibodies. Staphylococci express a large repertoire of surface and secreted virulence factors, which provide mechanisms (adhesion, invasion and biofilm development among others) for both bacterial survival in the host and evasion from innate and adaptive immunity. Consequently, the development of antibodies that target specific antigens would provide an effective protective strategy against staphylococcal infections. In this review, we report an update on efforts to develop anti-staphylococci monoclonal antibodies (and their derivatives: minibodies, antibody–antibiotic conjugates) and the mechanism by which such antibodies can help fight infections. We also provide an overview of mAbs used in clinical trials and highlight their therapeutic potential in various infectious contexts.

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22

Kardovskiy, A. G., V. S. Sapozhnikova, G. A. Zaitseva, and V. I. Shardakov. "Intravenous injections of antistaphylococcic immunoglobulin for the treatment of severely burned patients." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 3, no. 2 (June 15, 1996): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto64266.

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The results of treatment of 41 severely burned patients with complication caused staphylococcic infection were presented. For complex treatment antistaphylococcic immunoglobulin elaborated at Kirov Scientific Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion was applied intravenously. High efficacy of immunoglobulin was found and it was determined that intravenous injection of antistaphylococcic immunoglobulin resulted not only immunoreplacement effect but in immunostimulation as well. The latter one was manifested by the activation of humoral antistaphylococcic immunity and positive changes in cellular immunity indices.

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23

Oh, Woo Taek, Jin Woo Jun, Sib Sankar Giri, Saekil Yun, Hyoun Joong Kim, Sang Guen Kim, Sang Wha Kim, Se Jin Han, Jun Kwon, and Se Chang Park. "Staphylococcus xylosus Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) As a Primary Pathogenic Cause of Eye Protrusion and Mortality." Microorganisms 7, no. 9 (September 7, 2019): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090330.

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Staphylococcal infections are extensively investigated in humans owing to the resistance of staphylococci to diverse antibiotics commonly used in hospitals. The resistance mechanism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has garnered the interest of researchers due to its risk to the global public health. Furthermore, the zoonotic potential of staphylococci has led to increased interest in their transmission mechanism via food, livestock, as well as domestic and wild animals. Although fish are globally consumed, there are only few studies on the potential threat of staphylococcal infection in aquatic animals. In this study, we present the first description of Staphylococcus xylosus infection and its pathogenicity in rainbow trout, which resulted in fish mortality and economic losses in trout fisheries. We focused on the pathogenic role of the bacterium and its influence on rainbow trout based on the clinical symptoms in the eyes. Staphylococcus xylosus infection induced exophthalmia and disrupted the primary immune barrier, which increased the possibility of other secondary bacterial infections in fish under poor conditions, resulting in continuous mortality.

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24

Kobayashi, Nobumichi, Mohammed Mahbub Alam, and Shozo Urasawa. "Genomic Rearrangement of the mec Regulator Region Mediated by Insertion of IS431 in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.1.335-338.2001.

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ABSTRACT Genomic diversification of the mec regulator region mediated by IS431 was investigated for clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. A single rearranged form of themecR1 gene due to IS431 insertion was detected in the three staphylococcal species, while another type ofmecR1 truncation with IS431 and an IS431 located downstream of mecI were found only in Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Genetic differentiation of IS431 and staphylococcal isolates suggested transmission of mecDNA with IS431-mediated rearrangement among different staphylococcal species.

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25

Homsombat, Theeyathart, Sukolrat Boonyayatra, Nattakarn Awaiwanont, and Duangporn Pichpol. "Effect of Temperature on the Expression of Classical Enterotoxin Genes among Staphylococci Associated with Bovine Mastitis." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080975.

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Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), caused by the contamination of staphylococcal enterotoxins, is a common foodborne disease worldwide. The aims of this study were: (1) to investigate classical staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, sea, seb, sec, sed, and see, among Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) associated with bovine mastitis; (2) to determine the effect of temperature on the expression of classical staphylococcal enterotoxin genes in staphylococci in milk. The detection of classical staphylococcal enterotoxin genes was performed using S. aureus (n = 51) and CNS (n = 47). The expression of classical enterotoxin genes, including sea, seb, sec, and see, was determined during the growth of staphylococci in milk subjected to ultra-high-temperature processing at two different temperatures: 8 °C and room temperature. Classical staphylococcal enterotoxin genes were expressed more frequently in S. aureus (35.30%) than in CNS (12.77%). The sec gene was most frequently detected in S. aureus (29.41%) and CNS (6.38%). Moreover, the expression of sea and sec was significantly higher at room temperature than at 8 °C after 16 h of incubation (p < 0.05). These results emphasize the importance of maintaining the storage temperature of milk below 8 °C to reduce the risk of SFP.

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O'Flaherty, S., A. Coffey, W. Meaney, G. F. Fitzgerald, and R. P. Ross. "The Recombinant Phage Lysin LysK Has a Broad Spectrum of Lytic Activity against Clinically Relevant Staphylococci, Including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 20 (October 15, 2005): 7161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.20.7161-7164.2005.

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ABSTRACT This study concerns the cloning, characterization, and expression of the lysin (LysK) from staphylococcal phage K in Lactococcus lactis. Lactococcal lysates containing recombinant LysK were found to inhibit a range of different species of staphylococci isolated from bovine and human infection sources, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. LysK thus has potential as an antimicrobial for applications in the prevention and/or treatment of infections caused by staphylococci.

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Skalka, B. "Typing of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci by Means of Staphylococcal Bacteriocins." Acta Veterinaria Brno 55, no. 4 (1986): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb198655040333.

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Xu, Zhen, Liqin Chen, Xiaowei Chen, Amei Tang, Dengmin Huang, Qin Pan, and Zhongze Fang. "Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Recovered from Public Shared Bicycles in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084492.

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Millions of public shared bicycles (PSBs) have been launched in China, and PSBs are a potential reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci. However, no national data to elucidate the dissemination, antimicrobial resistance and genotypes of staphylococci has been recovered from public shared bicycles located in different cities in China. Antimicrobial susceptibility, SCCmec types and sequence types of staphylococci were determined. A total of 146 staphylococci were recovered in this study, and 87% staphylococcal isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. In total, 29 (20%) staphylococcal isolates harbored mecA gene, and SCCmec types were determined as follows: SCCmec type II (n = 1), IV(n = 3), V (n = 4), VI (n = 1), VIII (n = 2), A/1 (n = 6), A/5 (n = 2), C/1 (n = 2), C/2 (n = 1), C/3 (n = 1), (n = 5) and Pseudo (ψ)-SCCmec (n = 1). Sequence types of 16 Staphylococcus epidermidis were determined, including ST10, ST17, ST59, ST60, ST65, ST130, ST184, ST262, ST283, ST337, ST360, ST454, ST567, ST820, ST878 and ST934. PSBs are a reservoir of diverse antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, and staphylococcal species differences were observed in isolates that were recovered from public shared bicycles in the south and north of China. PSBs are a source of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diverse staphylococci.

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Gaut, Daria, Kyle Muir, and Antonio M. Pessegueiro. "A case of Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia complicated by reactive arthritis." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 7 (January 2019): 2050313X1982824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x19828249.

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Reactive arthritis has been described infrequently in association with staphylococcal infections, both those secondary to Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. We present a case of a 51-year-old male undergoing chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer who presented with joint pain and fevers and was found to have Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms were negative for endocarditis. Arthrocentesis from one large joint revealed culture-negative inflammatory synovitis. This case illustrates that a possible systemic manifestation of Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia, in addition to the more common endocarditis, can also include reactive arthritis.

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Patel, Robin, Kerryl E. Piper, Mark S. Rouse, James R. Uhl, Franklin R. Cockerill, and James M. Steckelberg. "Frequency of Isolation of Staphylococcus lugdunensisamong Staphylococcal Isolates Causing Endocarditis: a 20-Year Experience." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 11 (2000): 4262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.11.4262-4263.2000.

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Eighty-nine staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients with bacterial endocarditis at the Mayo Clinic from 1980 to 1999 were studied to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus lugdunensis among clinical isolates of staphylococci causing endocarditis. Four isolates, all from patients with native mitral valve endocarditis, were identified as S. lugdunensis.

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Charoenca, Naowarut, and Roger S. Fujioka. "Assessment of Staphylococcus Bacteria in Hawaii's Marine Recreational Waters." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (February 1, 1993): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0361.

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Several media to specifically recover staphylococcus from marine recreational waters in Hawaii were evaluated. The membrane filtration method using Vogel-Johnson and Tellurite Glycine Agar media supplemented with 0.005% sodium azide were shown to quantitatively recover total staphylococcus and S. aureus from marine recreational waters. Beaches in Hawaii were determined to contain high or low concentrations of staphylococci based on Favero's proposed standard of 100 staphylococci/100 ml as the maximum allowable concentration. Statistical analysis of the data showed that levels of total staphylococci were significantly correlated with that of S. aureus and with swimmer density. Staphylococci were recovered from beach waters throughout the day, including evening hours, indicating the stability of these bacteria in marine waters. Moreover, the antibiotic sensitivity patterns and phage types of S. aureus isolates from marine waters and from clinical human skin cultures were similar. These results support the hypothesis that recreational waters can serve as vehicles for the transmission of staphylococcal skin infections.

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Tormo, M. Ángeles, Erwin Knecht, Friedrich Götz, Iñigo Lasa, and José R. Penadés. "Bap-dependent biofilm formation by pathogenic species of Staphylococcus: evidence of horizontal gene transfer?" Microbiology 151, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 2465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27865-0.

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The biofilm-associated protein (Bap) is a surface protein implicated in biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chronic mastitis infections. The bap gene is carried in a putative composite transposon inserted in SaPIbov2, a mobile staphylococcal pathogenicity island. In this study, bap orthologue genes from several staphylococcal species, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus hyicus, were identified, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis comparison of the bap gene from these species revealed a very high sequence similarity, suggesting the horizontal gene transfer of SaPIbov2 amongst them. However, sequence analyses of the flanking region revealed that the bap gene of these species was not contained in the SaPIbov2 pathogenicity island. Although they did not contain the icaADBC operon, all the coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates harbouring bap were strong biofilm producers. Disruption of the bap gene in S. epidermidis abolished its capacity to form a biofilm, whereas heterologous complementation of a biofilm-negative strain of S. aureus with the Bap protein from S. epidermidis bestowed the capacity to form a biofilm on a polystyrene surface. Altogether, these results demonstrate that Bap orthologues from coagulase-negative staphylococci induce an alternative mechanism of biofilm formation that is independent of the PIA/PNAG exopolysaccharide.

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TSEGMED, URANCHIMEG, GIOVANNI NORMANNO, MARIT PRINGLE, and KAREL KROVACEK. "Occurrence of Enterotoxic Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk from Yaks and Cattle in Mongolia." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.7.1726.

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Staphylococcal food poisoning is considered one of the leading foodborne illnesses in humans worldwide and is associated with contaminated foods of animal origin, such as milk and dairy products. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of staphylococci and the enterotoxigenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk from yaks (Bos mutus) and cattle in Mongolia. Staphylococci were isolated from 72 (74%) of the 97 raw milk samples. Of the samples containing staphylococci, 69% (50 of 72) were from yaks and 30.5% (22 of 72) were from cattle. S. aureus was detected in 10% of yak (7 of 72) and 21% of cattle (15 of 72) milk samples. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C was detected in 23% (5 of 22) of the S. aureus strains investigated, based on the reverse passive latex agglutination technique. Three of the five enterotoxigenic strains were from yaks and two were from cattle. None of the S. aureus strains tested produced staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, or D. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of staphylococci and enterotoxigenic S. aureus in milk from yaks and cattle in Mongolia.

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UGWU, Ifeoma Chinyere, Madubuike Umunna ANYANWU, Chidozie Clifford UGWU, and Jude Chukwuemeka OKORO. "Isolation and Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci in Healthy Broilers in Nsukka Southeast, Nigeria." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 7, no. 1 (March 20, 2015): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb719479.

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This study was conducted to isolate and detect methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) in healthy broilers in Nsukka Southeast, Nigeria and determine the antibiogram of the isolates. Cloacal and skin swabs were collected from each of 101 randomly sampled broilers meant for slaughter. The samples were processed for isolation and identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species, following standard methods. Confirmation of methicillin-resistance by the isolates was done using penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) kit. Phenotypic resistance of the isolates to antimicrobial agents was determined using disc diffusion method. Out of 202 samples processed, 200 (99.01%) yielded positive growth of staphylococci on oxacillin-supplemented oxacillin-resistance staphylococcal agar base (ORSAB). A total of 200 methicillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates were obtained. Of these, 91 (45.5%) were identified as methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (MRCoPS), while 109 (54.5%) were identified as methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (MRCoNS). Out of the 91 MRCoPS, 53 (58.2%) were identified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Resistance of the isolates was 99.5% to erythromycin and chloramphenicol, 100% to oxacillin, 76.5% to gentamicin, 96.5% to clindamycin, 92.5% to ciprofloxacin, 99% to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and tetracycline, and 98.5% to streptomycin and cefoxitin. All the isolates were multidrug resistant. This study has shown that healthy broilers reared and slaughtered in Nsukka Southeast, Nigeria harbour multidrug-resistant MRS and thus serve as their reservoirs.

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Jukes, Leanne, Jane Mikhail, Naledi Bome-Mannathoko, Stephen J. Hadfield, Llinos G. Harris, Khalid El-Bouri, Angharad P. Davies, and Dietrich Mack. "Rapid differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci and meticillin susceptibility testing directly from growth-positive blood cultures by multiplex real-time PCR." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 1456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.023168-0.

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This study evaluated a multiplex real-time PCR method specific for the mecA, femA-SA and femA-SE genes for rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and non-S. epidermidis coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), and meticillin susceptibility testing directly in positive blood cultures that grew Gram-positive cocci in clusters. A total of 100 positive blood cultures produced: 39 S. aureus [12 meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 31 % of all the S. aureus]; 30 S. epidermidis (56.6 % of the CoNS), 8 Staphylococcus capitis (15.1 %), 3 Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.7 %), 4 Staphylococcus hominis (7.5 %), 3 Staphylococcus haemolyticus (5.7 %), 2 Staphylococcus warneri (3.8 %), 1 Staphylococcus cohnii (1.9 %) and 2 unidentified Staphylococcus spp. (3.8 %); and 1 Micrococcus luteus in pure culture. Two blood cultures had no growth on subculture and five blood cultures grew mixed CoNS. For the 95 blood cultures with pure growth or no growth on subculture, there was very good agreement between real-time PCR and the BD Phoenix identification system for staphylococcal species categorization in S. aureus, S. epidermidis and non-S. epidermidis CoNS and meticillin-resistance determination (Cohen's unweighted kappa coefficient κ=0.882). All MRSA and meticillin-susceptible S. aureus were correctly identified by mecA amplification. PCR amplification of mecA was more sensitive for direct detection of meticillin-resistant CoNS in positive blood cultures than testing with the BD Phoenix system. There were no major errors when identifying staphylococcal isolates and their meticillin susceptibility within 2.5 h. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefit of using such a rapid test on the consumption of glycopeptide antibiotics and the alteration of empiric therapy in the situation of positive blood cultures growing staphylococci, and the respective clinical outcomes.

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Vermassen, Talon, Andant, Provot, Desvaux, and Leroy. "Cell-Wall Hydrolases as Antimicrobials against Staphylococcus Species: Focus on Sle1." Microorganisms 7, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7110559.

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Some staphylococcal species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and/or animals with Staphylococcus epidermidis as one of the most important. It causes a broad spectrum of diseases in humans and animals. This species is able to form biofilms and has developed antibiotic resistance, which has motivated research on new antibacterial agents. Cell-wall hydrolases (CWHs) can constitute a potential alternative. Following a hijacking strategy, we inventoried the CWHs of S. epidermidis. The lytic potential of representative CWHs that could be turned against staphylococci was explored by turbidity assays which revealed that cell wall glycosidases were not efficient, while cell wall amidases and cell wall peptidases were able to lyse S. epidermidis. Sle1, which is encoded by chromosomal gene and composed of three anchoring LysM domains and a C-terminal CHAP (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase) domain, was one of the most active CWHs. The phylogeny of Sle1 revealed seven clusters mostly identified among staphylococci. Sle1 was able to lyse several staphylococcal species, including Staphylococcus aureus, both in planktonic and sessile forms, but not Micrococcus.

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Chen, Ho-Ching, Chi-Chang Shieh, and Junne-Ming Sung. "IncreasingStaphylococcusSpecies Resistance in Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis Over a 10-Year Period in a Single Taiwanese Center." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 38, no. 4 (July 2018): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2017.00226.

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BackgroundPeritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Staphylococcus species are gram-positive bacteria that are most commonly associated with peritoneal peritonitis. The increasing antimicrobial resistance rate is a severe burden when considering the initial choice of antibiotics. This investigation examined the trends of staphylococcal infection as well as the resistance rate and clinical outcomes from 2006 to 2015 in southern Taiwan.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated all PD-related peritonitis episodes in southern Taiwan between January 2006 and December 2015 and evaluated the clinical characteristics of peritonitis, microbiological prevalence and resistance of Staphylococcus species, and outcomes in patients.ResultsAmong 244 episodes of peritonitis, Staphylococcus species accounted for approximately 65% of the gram-positive bacteria that caused the infection. The methicillin resistance rate among Staphylococcus species substantially increased to 64% by 2015 in both Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci in southern Taiwan. Notably, patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infection exhibited a significantly higher hospitalization rate than those with methicillin-sensitive staphylococcal infection. However, the catheter removal rate and transfer to hemodialysis exhibited no differences between the 2 groups.ConclusionPeritonitis is the most serious complication in patients on PD, and microbiological trends have changed over the past 10 years at a single center in southern Taiwan. The number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species has substantially increased. Empirical initial antibiotic therapy should be adapted on the basis of the growing microbiological resistance.

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ADESIYUN, A. A., W. LENZ, and K. P. SCHAAL. "Phage Susceptibility and Enterotoxin Production by Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Nigerian Foods." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 871–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.11.871.

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The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Nigerian foods to phages in the international phage sets for typing human and bovine strains of staphylococci was determined. The enterotoxigenicity of the strains was also determined using the avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the reversed passive latex agglutination test (for staphylococcal enterotoxin D only). One hundred and five (67.7%) of 155 strains tested were susceptible to phages in both typing sets. Phages for staphylococci of human origin lysed all 105 typeable strains while those for staphylococci of bovine origin were responsible for the lysis of 92 strains. Phages in the different phage groups (mixed) were most frequently responsible for lysis, 29 (27.6%), followed by group III phages with 26 (24.8%) strains susceptible. Of the 155 strains tested, 122 (78.7%) were enterotoxigenic producing staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D, or a combination. Dried beef isolates were most enterotoxigenic (100.0%) and those from fermented milk least (68.8%). Staphylococcal enterotoxins C, B, and A were elaborated either singly or in combination by 71 (58.2%), 69 (56.6%), and 62 (50.8%) strains, respectively. It was concluded that a majority of staphylococcal strains isolated from Nigerian foods originated from humans and their high enterotoxigenicity could be a health risk to consumers.

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Thill, Pauline, Olivier Robineau, Gabrielle Roosen, Pierre Patoz, Benoit Gachet, Barthélémy Lafon-Desmurs, Macha Tetart, Safia Nadji, Eric Senneville, and Nicolas Blondiaux. "Rifabutin versus rifampicin bactericidal and antibiofilm activities against clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bone and joint infections." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 77, no. 4 (January 14, 2022): 1036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab486.

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Abstract Background Staphylococci account for approximately 60% of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Rifampicin (RMP) combination therapy is generally considered to be the treatment of choice for staphylococcal PJIs but carries an important risk of adverse events and drug–drug interactions. Rifabutin (RFB) shares many of the properties of rifampicin but causes fewer adverse events. Objectives To compare the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), and the minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) of rifabutin and rifampicin for staphylococcal clinical strains isolated from PJIs. Methods 132 clinical strains of rifampicin-susceptible staphylococci [51 Staphylococcus aureus (SA), 48 Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) and 33 other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)] were studied. The MBC and the MBEC were determined using the MBEC® Assay for rifabutin and rifampicin and were compared. Results When compared with the rifampicin MIC median value, the rifabutin MIC median value was significantly higher for SA (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference for SE (P = 0.25) and CoNS (P = 0.29). The rifabutin MBC median value was significantly higher than that of rifampicin for SA (P = 0.003) and was lower for SE (P = 0.003) and CoNS (P = 0.03). Rifabutin MBEC median value was statistically lower than that of rifampicin for all strains tested. Conclusions Using the determination of MBEC values, our study suggests that rifabutin is more effective than rifampicin against clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. obtained from PJIs. Using MBECs instead of MICs seems to be of interest when considering biofilms. In vivo higher efficacy of rifabutin when compared with rifampicin needs to be confirmed.

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Nevmerzhitsky, V. V., V. Yu Ivannik, V. V. Kazmirchuk, T. N. Moiseenko, T. A. Volkov, I. I. Torianyk, L. K. Sorokoumova, and V. P. Sorokoumov. "Antistaphylococcal activity of carbonic acid extract of hops." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 22, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2018-22(2)-13.

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Анотація:

The fight against staphylococcal infection, increasing the effectiveness of methods of prevention and treatment of diseases of staphylococcal etiology is of interest to scientists and practitioners, both in Ukraine and around the world. The urgency of this problem is growing rapidly, as there is a tendency to increase the resistance of not only staphylococci, but also other gram-positive bacteria. The spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococci restricts the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of diseases of staphylococcal etiology. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common and dangerous type, which is one of the main factors of purulent-inflammatory lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. As a result of mutations, pathogenic staphylococci acquired resistance to antibacterial drugs. The main disadvantage of modern antibiotics is their non-selectivity. As a result of mutations, pathogenic staphylococci acquired resistance to antibacterial drugs. The main disadvantage of modern antibiotics is their non-selectivity. One of the unique and promising medicinal plants, which contains a rich complex of biologically active substances (BAS), is common hops (Humulus lupulus L.). The complex of BAS (flavonoids, hormones, vitamins, bitter, phenolic compounds, essential oils) causes anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, hyposensitizing and analgesic action of hops. The purpose of this work is to determine the antistaphylococcal activity of the carbon dioxide extract of hops and to justify the development on its basis of new antimicrobial agents for the prevention and treatment of infectious and purulent-inflammatory diseases. The following methods were used: microbiological (method of diffusion into agar (well method)) and mathematical and statistical. The high antimicrobial activity of the carbon dioxide extract of hops has been established for museum test strains of the genus Staphylococcus. The results of the studies testify to the prospects of further study of the bactericidal properties of the extract of hops carbon dioxide with the aim of creating effective antimicrobial agents on its basis for the prevention and treatment of infectious and purulent-inflammatory diseases of staphylococcal etiology.

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Lithander, Arne, and Brita Lithander. "THE PASSAGE OF PENICILLIN INTO THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AFTER PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION IN STAPHYLOCOCCIC MENINGITIS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 56, no. 4 (August 17, 2009): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1962.tb04196.x.

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NWOSU, V. C. "Prevalence of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus in Market Meats in Awka." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.7.603.

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Sixteen samples each of various beef parts including muscle, liver, kidney, heart, and intestines from a local market in Awka, Anambra State of Nigeria were analysed for presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. A total of 80 meat samples was evaluated of which 54 samples or 67.5% had coagulase-positive staphylococci. The percentage of the various meat samples that had coagulase-positive staphylococci was 18.8% for muscle, 75% for liver, 68.8% for kidney, 75% for heart and 100% for intestinal samples. Muscle tissue had the lowest staphylococcal count log (1.65 – 2.97/g), whereas intestinal samples had the highest count (log 5.88 – 6.97g). The organ meats had staphylococcal counts of log 3.10 – 4.89/g for liver samples, log 3.27 – 4.75/g for kidney samples and log 3.15 – 4.90/g for heart samples.

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Jafarov, Valeh, Konstantin Horak, Artem Morozov, Elizaveta Sobol, Anastasia Domracheva, Anastasia Morozova, and Sofia Zinkovskaia. "ANALYSIS OF THESENSITIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSTO ANTIBIOTICS IN PATIENTS WITH PURULENT-SEPTIC DISEASES." Archiv Euromedica 12, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2199-885x/2022/12/2.9.

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The purulent-septic infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus is one of the biggest problems of modern medicine. There are some strategies to control the increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria. They are the development and introduction of new antibacterial drugs into surgical practice, the improvement of antimicrobial therapy methods and the rotation of antibacterial drugs [1, 2, 3]. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causative agents of infections of various localizations. The development of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of bacteria is more often determined by genes located on the bacterial chromosome or Rplasmids. Particular attention is paid to methicillinresistant staphylococci (MRS strains). They are registered in nosocomial or out-of-hospital infections. The resistance of staphylococci to β-lactam antibiotics is due to the presence of the mec A gene. It encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP). The mec A gene is located on a mobile genetic element. This element is called the staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCCmec). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics. Currently, it is necessary to use combinations of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of infections caused by methicillinresistant staphylococci.

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Clark, Catherine, Lois M. Ednie, Gengrong Lin, Kathy Smith, Klaudia Kosowska-Shick, Pamela McGhee, Bonifacio Dewasse, et al. "Antistaphylococcal Activity of Dihydrophthalazine Antifolates, a Family of Novel Antibacterial Drugs." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 4 (February 2, 2009): 1353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01619-08.

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ABSTRACT For a panel of 153 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates (including 13 vancomycin-intermediate or heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate and 4 vancomycin-resistant strains), MIC50s and MIC90s of three novel dihydrophthalazine antifolates, BAL0030543, BAL0030544, and BAL0030545, were 0.03 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-susceptible strains and 0.03 and ≤0.25 μg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-resistant strains. For a panel of 160 coagulase-negative staphylococci (including 5 vancomycin-intermediate and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate strains and 7 linezolid-nonsusceptible strains), MIC50s and MIC90s were ≤0.03 and ≤0.06 μg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-susceptible strains and 0.06 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-resistant strains. Vancomycin was active against 93.0% of 313 staphylococci examined; linezolid was active against all S. aureus strains and 95.6% of coagulase-negative staphylococcus strains, whereas elevated MICs of clindamycin, minocycline, trimethoprim, and rifampin for some strains were observed. At 4× MIC, the dihydrophthalazines were bactericidal against 11 of 12 staphylococcal strains surveyed. The prolonged serial passage of some staphylococcal strains in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of BAL0030543, BAL0030544, and BAL0030545 produced clones for which dihydrophthalazines showed high MICs (>128 μg/ml), although rates of endogenous resistance development were much lower for the dihydrophthalazines than for trimethoprim. Single-step platings of naïve staphylococci onto media containing dihydrophthalazine antifolates indicated considerable variability among strains with respect to preexistent subpopulations nonsusceptible to dihydrophthalazine antifolates.

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Ruppé, Etienne, François Barbier, Yasmine Mesli, Aminata Maiga, Radu Cojocaru, Mokhtar Benkhalfat, Samia Benchouk, et al. "Diversity of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Structures in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus Strains among Outpatients from Four Countries." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 2 (November 10, 2008): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00724-08.

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ABSTRACT In staphylococci, methicillin (meticillin) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in Staphylococcus aureus, but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, 19 (20%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains, 1 (1%) Staphylococcus hominis strain, and 1 (1%) Staphylococcus cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus, respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

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46

BENNETT, REGINALD W. "Atypical Toxigenic Staphylococcus and Non-Staphylococcus aureus Species on the Horizon? An Update†." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.10.1123.

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Staphylococcal food poisoning is a commonly reported illness caused by the ingestion of preformed staphylococcal enterotoxin in foods, With some exceptions, enterotoxin production is associated with coagulase-positive rather than coagulase-negative staphylococci. Of the coagulase-positive staphylococcal species, S. aureus was historically thought to be exclusively implicated in human foodborne illness. More recently, however, other coagulase-positive and some coagulase-negative staphylococcal species have been associated with foodborne intoxication, Coagulase activity has been used to indicate pathogenicity of a foodborne isolate, and thermostable nuclease is being suggested as a more reliable indictor of enterotoxigenicity. Evidence suggests that the metabolic expressions that are the bases of the tests may not be reliable indicators of pathogenicity. A more useful approach to determine the pathogenicity of a Staphylococcus species is to test directly for enterotoxigenicity with one of the new rapid methods. None of the conventional ancillary identification tests has been conclusively associated with enterotoxin synthesis. Furthermore, evidence exists that enterotoxin production is a characteristic of several species in the genus Staphylococcus.

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47

Ghazal, Lubna, Saba Mushtaq, Sohail Ashraf, Saima Rafique, Muhammad Bilal, and Naila Iqbal. "Evaluation and Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococci Isolated From Clinical Specimens in POF Hospital, Wah Cantt." Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v26i2.1815.

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Objective: To determine the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens as a result of culture and sensitivity. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in POF Hospital Microbiology laboratory from January 2019 to September 2020. One hundred and eighty four staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens were processed as per standard methodology. Results: Out of 148, methicillin resistant S.aureus and methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci were 38.04% and13.04% respectively. Infections caused by Methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates were higher among the age group 31-40 years (71.4%, OR=2.68). Out of thirty expired patients, 53.3% had been infected with methicillin resistant staphylococcal infections. The methicillin resistant staphylococci were most frequent in miscellaneous category of clinical specimens (80.0%, OR=4.63). The susceptibility analysis revealed that methicillin resistant staphylococci are 100% resistant to penicillin, meropenem and amoxycillin-clavulanate (p=0.000). A significant association of methicillin resistance was also noticed against amikacin (p=0.002), ciprofloxacin (p=0.001), clindamycin (p=0.005) and erythromycin (p=0.000). Moxifloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin are the most effective choice for infections caused by methicillin resistant staphylococci. Conclusions: The methicillin-resistant staphylococci are highly resistant to commonly prescribed oral as well as injectable antibiotics. Establishment and implementation of infection control policies are required to combat the grave situation of increasing antibiotic resistance.

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Venugopal, Nimita, Susweta Mitra, Rituparna Tewari, Feroze Ganaie, Rajeswari Shome, Habibur Rahman, and Bibek R. Shome. "Molecular detection and typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cattle, animal handlers, and their environment from Karnataka, Southern Province of India." November-2019 12, no. 11 (November 2019): 1760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1760-1768.

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Background and Aim: Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are among the emerging pathogens which have become a threat to both human and animal health. The present investigation intended to examine the occurrence and the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) recovered from cattle, its handlers, and their environment. Materials and Methods: A total of 666 specimens were subjected to culture method and genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of Staphylococcus. Methicillin resistance was substantiated by PCR identification of mecA and mecC resistance determinants. Species-specific identification of mecA positive isolates was conducted by multiplex PCR. The unidentified species were deciphered by 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. The mecA positive isolates were further characterized by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: Duplex PCR identified 728 Staphylococcus isolates, of which 66 (9%) were positive for mecA gene. MRSA constituted 24% of the total mecA positive isolates. Among MRCoNS, Staphylococcus epidermidis (42%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11%) were the most common species identified. Overall, 47% of the mecA positive isolates belonged to SCCmec type V. MLST analysis showed eight different sequence types (STs) among MRSA isolates of which five were novel STs. Among methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, 19 different STs were found, of which nine novel STs were detected. Conclusion: The increase in the prevalence of mecA positive staphylococci, especially MRCoNS in cattle is a great concern in view of their transmission potential. Hence, continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococci should be elucidated in human and animal sectors so as to prevent the spread of these resistant pathogens.

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Silva, N. "Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from canine chronic otitis externa." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 53, no. 2 (April 2001): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352001000200001.

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Swab samples obtained from 96 dogs with chronic otitis externa were cultured for the isolation of Staphylococcus species. Of 57 staphylococcal strains, 41 (72%) were coagulase-negative (CNS). The identification of staphylococci strains was made by standard procedures for the routine identification of staphylococci in clinical practice. S. sciuri was the most frequent species isolated (22.8%) from chronic otitis externa in dogs followed by S. intermedius (12.3%), S. auricularis (10.5%) and S. aureus (8.8%). Three (5.2%) CNS strains could not be identified. Bacterial isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol and neomycin. Resistance was most common to penicillin G, oxacillin and ampicillin.

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Liu, Yuting, Liqin Chen, Yuping Duan, and Zhen Xu. "Molecular Characterization of Staphylococci Recovered from Hospital Personnel and Frequently Touched Surfaces in Tianjin, China." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1061387.

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Staphylococci are major hospital-associated pathogens, and the dissemination of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in hospitals poses a great challenge for managing hospital-acquired infections. Little is known about the dissemination of staphylococci recovered from the hospital environment and personnel in China. In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, mecA gene detection, SCCmec typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed to clarify the molecular epidemiology of staphylococci in a large hospital in Tianjin, China. One hundred and ninety-five staphylococci were recovered, and 94% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Eighty-five staphylococci were mecA gene-positive, and 40% of them harbored SCCmec IV and V. The genotype of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was ST25, and the dominant genotype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) was ST59. Three new sequence types were assigned as ST840, ST841, and ST842. One (2%) frequently touched surface was contaminated by S. aureus, which suggested that environmental contamination occurred in the hospital in China. Nineteen (39%) frequently touched surfaces were contaminated by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), and 46% of HP carried MRCoNS. Varied staphylococcal species and antimicrobial-resistance rates were observed between staphylococci that were recovered from hospital personnel and frequently touched surfaces. The transmission of MRSE and S. aureus between hospital personnel and frequently touched surfaces was detected. Hospital items and personnel may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, and cleaning strategies should be carried out to decrease the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in hospitals in China.

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