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1
Pravidlo, M. N., A. Y. Korolev, and L. V. Bykov. "Investigation into the dependence of ballistic characteristics of rockets on atmospheric parameters." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2018-3-37-47.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When calculating the ballistic characteristics of a tactical missile, the atmospheric parameters have a significant impact on determining possible launch and missile engagement zones. The paper introduces the results of comparing the standard atmospheric parameters according to the State Standard GOST 4401-81 “Standard atmosphere. Parameters” and four empirical models of the atmosphere obtained from radio sounding data in different climatic zones and at different times of the year. By the example of a hypothetical air-to-air missile, we demonstrate possible launch and missile engagement zones for the considered atmospheric models. The main purpose of the work is to establish the relationship between atmospheric parameters and ballistic characteristics of missile engagement in general and air-to-air missiles in particular
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Sutrisno, Sutrisno, Andi Mawanto, Wawan Kusdiana, and Cahya Kusuma. "DESIGN FREE SURFACE TANK ON FAST MISSILE BOAT 60M." JOURNAL ASRO 11, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i2.283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rolling motion is important role in the stability of the ship. Predicting the motion of a ship design must be done to see the design performance. The magnitude of the resulting motion response will affect the comfort and safety of personnel and materials in the ship. For this reason, simulation and analysis rolling and pitching prediction are carried out when the ship is operating, with and without the addition of a free surface tank (FST) as a stabilizer system with variations in the FST base height, water volume, boat velocity, heading direction and the waves. The prediction of ship motion in this research is ushing shipmo software and to assess operational feasibility, the general criteria standard issued by NATO STAGNAG 4154 (US. Navy) and US Coast Guard. From the simulation results it was found that increasing the height of the FST base from the base line decreases rolling motion. At a height of 4 m the maximum response magnitude below the allowable standard is 3,365 deg, while at a height of 3 m above the allowable standard that is 4,734 deg. The addition of FST and variations in placement of the FST base height from the base line did not significantly affect the pitching motion of the ship. Heading direction, waves and operational speed of the ship need to be considered to get the minimum rolling motion response when the ship is operating.
Keywords : Fast Missile Boat 60M, Free Surface Tank, Pitching, Rolling, Shipmo.
3
Dhote, KD, and RS Deodhar. "Effect of fragment dispersion on damage assessment of a directional fragment generator." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27, no. 4 (January 24, 2017): 568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789517690215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effective neutralisation of an offensive target missile can be accomplished by a defensive missile system carrying a potential kill mechanism. A directional fragment generator warhead is one of the kill mechanisms for such an application. It projects fragments in a designed beam angle. Few researchers have attempted to quantify fragment dispersion on explosion, which revealed that the fragment projection angle follows a normal distribution with wide range in standard deviation value of 0.75° and 3°. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the importance of knowing the standard deviation value for assessing damage in terms of fragment hit density and kill probability. By altering the standard deviation value between 0 and 3°, the fragment spray distribution for the fragment generator warhead is generated and compared with the distribution that corresponds to a standard deviation value of 0.75°. It is observed that the hit density variation varies by −51% to 40% from the actual. On comparing the effect of standard deviation on kill probability, it is observed that it depends on the proportionate area of vulnerable component in the fragment beam. For the vulnerable area of 0.5 times (50%) of annular fragment beam area, more than or equal to eight fragments can achieve kill probability close to 1. However, for vulnerable area of 0.02 (2%) and 0.1 times (10%) of annular fragment beam area, the kill probability depends on standard deviation value.
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Johnston, Arch C. "Air blast recognition and location using regional seismographic networks." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 77, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 1446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0770041446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Regional seismic networks are occasionally useful for purposes other than earthquake studies. Three such applications which involve surface and atmospheric phenomena are described in this report: (1) the detection and location of a missile silo explosion in Arkansas; (2) analysis of an aircraft sonic boom; and (3) attempts to determine the time and location of ground impacts of aircraft and a meteorite. When the source of the disturbance is in the air, seismic instruments respond to the air-coupled surface waves generated in the wake of the atmospheric shock front advancing with the speed of sound in air. Thus, the disturbance's point and time of origin can be determined using a standard iterative hypocenter program with a “crustal” velocity model appropriate to the prevailing atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions. Simplified theory predicts that air-coupling is significant only when the speed of sound in air is close to the shear wave velocity of the surface crustal layer. This is normally the case only when unconsolidated material is present at the surface. The observations discussed here support this prediction: seismic network instruments sited on soft ground recorded signals from atmospheric disturbances much more clearly than did higher gain instruments on hard rock.
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Prajapati, Sheetal, Ankit Kumar Mishra, and Masetty Akshay. "Comparative Study on Nose Cones with respect to Angle of Attack using CFD." 4 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jame/1/4/2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A nose cone is the conically shaped forward most section of a rocket, guided missile or aircraft, designed to modulate oncoming airflow behaviours and minimize drag. In this paper, the authors analysed by means of a computational procedure the influence of varying the angle of attack for shapes of rocket nose cones in each of them, with this analysed and calculated the values of the, coefficient of lift and the coefficient of drag generated by our nose cones having as a working parameter in subsonic medium ranging from a Mach 0.03 to approximately 0.50, considering standard conditions for temperature and pressure. Drag and Lift both are aerodynamic forces which need to be calculated for cones. Objects with every kind of shapes experience a significant magnitude of Cl and Cd from airflow with the use of the ANSYS platform based on the CFD Fluent method it was possible to measure behaviour in the 3 shapes of cones and thus analyse the different contours. We showed the variation of pressure and velocity with their graphs. The scope of this paper is to simulate the different nose cones with different angle of attack for taking out the best result and comparing which one cone is best for which angle of attack.
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Edetanlen, BE, and BD Saheeb. "Effect of bone fracture(s) on blood lead levels from retained lead pellets in craniomaxillofacial region." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 12 (July 7, 2019): 1378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119862019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Missile-related blood lead elevations and toxicity are well documented in the literature but reports on its associated risk factor(s) are few. Objective: To determine if bone fracture(s) contribute to an elevated lead blood level. Method: This is a prospective study of subjects with retained pellets in the craniomaxillofacial region following gunshot injuries who met the inclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected from the test subjects and their corresponding control subjects via venipuncture. Collected blood samples were used for blood lead measurement by the wet method of the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Using appropriate statistical tests, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total number of 48 subjects were studied. The mean blood lead levels (BLLs) of the study population were 6.88 ± 1.17 µg/dl while that of the control group was 1.52 ± 0.87 µg/dl and the mean difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.03). The mean and standard deviation of BLL of subjects with fractures were 4.77 ± 0.9, 5.08 ± 1.0, and 5.22 ± 1.0 µg/dl at days 3, 21, and 42 postinjury, respectively, while for those without bone fractures were 3.07 ± 1.4, 3.70 ± 0.8, and 4.33 ± 1.7 µg/dl. The difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.04). Conclusion: Subjects with bone fractures were found to have higher BLLs than those without bone fractures, where pellets were retained in their bodies.
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Mlynek, Petr, Radek Fujdiak, Pavel Mrnustik, Bohuslav Krena, and Ludovic Apvrille. "Co-Engineering Gap Analysis of ANSI/ISA‑62443‑3‑3." International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems 9, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11601/ijates.v9i1.285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, software and system development is a more complex process than ever was and it faces challenges, where security became one of the most crucial. Based upon co-engineering in the AQUAS project, complex standards covering development processes regarding safety, but performance and security are missing. In the paper, the representative standard for Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) is selected for gap analysis, both as examples of issues in co-engineering in security and performance, and possibly for evolution and extension in security standards. For IACS, the ANSI/ISA 62443 defines procedures for implementing security requirements. Based upon co-engineering in the AQUAS project and experience from the real implementation of security by TrustPort practitioners of this domain, the paper introduces the 62443 standard gaps analysis with the goal to identify the missing part. Based on this analysis, the possible recommendations for extending 62443-3-3 are proposed.
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Tadono, T., Y. Mizukami, H. Watarai, J. Takaku, F. Ohgushi, and H. Kai. "CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF THE ADVANCED LAND OBSERVING SATELLITE-3 “ALOS-3”." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-135-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The “Advanced Land Observing Satellite-3” (ALOS-3, nicknamed “DAICHI-3”) is the next high-resolution optical mission as a successor of the optical mission by the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS, “DAICHI”) in Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and will be launched in Japanese Fiscal Year 2020. ALOS-3 is now under developing the flight model. The major missions of ALOS-3 are (1) to contribute safe and secure social including provision for natural disasters, and (2) to create and update geospatial information in land and coastal areas. To achieve the missions, the “WIde-Swath and High-resolution optical imager” (WISH, as a tentative name) is mounted on ALOS-3, which consists of the high-resolution panchromatic- and multispectral-bands.This paper introduces the overview of ALOS-3’s mission and the calibration and validation plan at JAXA. The standard product is the system corrected data using the sensor models, which will be provided from the sensor development team. Therefore, the sensor calibration is directly affected to the accuracies of the standard product. In addition, the sensor model based the Rational Polynomial Coefficient will be contained with level 1B2 standard product that can be used to process an ortho rectification and three-dimensional measurement from ALOS-3 images. As the target accuracy of WISH’s standard products, the geometric accuracies are less than 5 m in horizontal without ground control point (GCP), and 1.25 m in horizontal and 2.5 m in vertical with GCPs (1 sigma), and the radiometric accuracy is ± 10 % as absolutely and ± 5 % as relatively for multispectral band.
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LUSANNA, LUCA, and PAOLO VALTANCOLI. "DIRAC'S OBSERVABLES FOR THE SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) STANDARD MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, no. 27 (October 30, 1998): 4605–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x98002213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The missing complete Hamiltonian treatment of the standard SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) model with Grassmann-valued fermion fields in the Higgs phase is given. We bypass the complications of the Hamiltonian theory in the Higgs phase, resulting from the spontaneous symmetry breaking with the Higgs mechanism, by studying the Hamiltonian formulation of the Higgs phase for the gauge-equivalent Lagrangian in the unitary gauge. A canonical basis of Dirac's observables is found and the reduced physical Hamiltonian is evaluated. Its self-energy part is nonlocal for the electromagnetic and strong interactions, but local for the weak ones. Therefore, the Fermi four-fermion interaction reappears at the nonperturbative level.
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Ramly, Amir Tengku, and Dudung Abdul Syukur. "Strategic Management of Organization Development and Civil Service Based PumpingHR Model at Ibn Khaldun University Bogor." Integrated Journal of Business and Economics 2, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ijbe.v2i1.59.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ibn Khaldun University which is the oldest Islamic campus in the city of Bogor founded by ulama leaders has a future interest to be a modern, leading-edge private campus with strong Islamic roots. This study aims to get UIKA's human resource management strategy that can become a strategic human resource for the achievement of UIKA's mission vision. This study is evaluative-descriptive, scientific literature search results with secondary data and modern theories of strategic management. UIKA's human resource development starts from creating a strategic plan, UIKA's future organizational structure and determining three important competency standards, namely (1) core competency standard, and (2) managerial competency standard, and (3) Supporting Competency.
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Cudell, Jean-René, Francis Halzen, and Ken-ichi Hikasa. "Anomalous missing-pT events at the CERN pp̄ collider: The standard model re-examined." Physics Letters B 157, no. 5-6 (July 1985): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(85)90398-3.
Повний текст джерела
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Lubis, Adek Herlina. "PELAKSANAAN STANDAR PENGELOLAAN PENDIDIKAN DITINJAU DARI PERENCANAAN PROGRAM PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN KARTIKA I-1 PADANG." Jurnal Bahana Manajemen Pendidikan 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/bmp.v7i1.8563.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aims to understand the implementing management of education standart which is reviewed by the side of the school program planning in SMK Kartika I-1 Padang. The kind of research is qualitative descriptive research that is using interviewing, observation, and dokumenting method as a method to collect data and the result of this study indicated that 1) the implementation of formulation standar and determination of school vision at SMK Kartika I-1 Padang has not fulfilled maximally that seen from the making of formulation and school vision. That is not through meeting of board of educator and lack of socialization to the shool stakeholder. 2) the implementation of formulation standard and arrangement of it mission also not fulfilled maximally that seen from the absence of board of educator. Meeting in formulation and arrangement of school mission and lack of socialization conducted by school. 3) implementation of formulation standar and determination of school objective has not fulfilled the criteria that seen from the absence board of educator meeting in making goals formulation and it has not been socialization conducted by school. 4) the implementation of formulation standard and arrangement of school work plan also not fulfilled maximally that seen from the absence of board of educator. Meeting in formulation and arrangement of school work plan and lack of socialization conducted by schoolKey words: Standard of School Management, School Program Planning
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Pramudianto, Pramudianto, Uli Wildan Nuryanto, and Lydia Hutama. "ANTECENDENT KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA COFFEE SHOP DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA." SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REFLECTION : Economic, Accounting, Management and Business 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v5i2.477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human resource management in effort for improve employee, performance influenced by many factors, including work attachment to the company, career level that supports employee benefits and also the ability of employees carries out in accordance with applicable operational standards. For this reason, this research conducted to comprehensively determine the effect to work engagement, career path, and training standards on coffee shops performance in DKI Jakarta Province. This research used a sample of 75 employees from 18 coffee shops in DKI Jakarta as respondents, used analysis of multiple linear regression methods. Total of hypotheses tested are four hypotheses. The results from partial hypotheses show that; (1) Work Engagement has a significant effect on employee performance of coffee shops in DKI Jakarta; (2) Career path has a significant effect on employee performance of coffee shops on DKI Jakarta; (3) Training standards have a significant effect on employee performance coffee shop on DKI Jakarta; (4) while the results of the research simultaneously show that the work engagement, career paths and standard training simultaneously effect on employee performance of coffee shop on DKI Jakarta, with total effect as 79,8% while the 20,2% are the variable outside the research model. The highest effect of the third independent variable designated by training standard on employee performance. Therefore, to increase employee performance, it is need to carry out various activities that focus on training standard to improve employee performance in achieving goals in accordance to the company’s vision and mission.
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Pilbratt, Göran L. "The FIRST ESA Cornerstone Mission." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 204 (2001): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900226442.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ‘Far InfraRed and Submillimetre Telescope’ (FIRST) is the fourth cornerstone mission in the European Space Agency (ESA) science programme. It will perform imaging photometry and spectroscopy in the far infrared and submillimetre part of the spectrum, covering approximately the 60–670 μm range.The key science objectives emphasize current questions connected to the formation of galaxies and stars, however, having unique capabilities in several ways.FIRST, a facility available to the entire astronomical community, will carry a 3.5 metre diameter passively cooled telescope. The science pay-load complement – two cameras/medium resolution spectrometers (PACS and SPIRE), and a very high resolution heterodyne spectrometer (HIFI) – will be housed in a superfluid helium cryostat.In early 2007, FIRST will be placed in a transfer trajectory towards its operational orbit around the Earth-Sun L2 point by an Ariane 5 (shared with the ESA cosmic background mapping mission, Planck). Once operational, FIRST will offer a minimum of 3 years of routine observations; roughly 2/3 of the available observing time is open to the general astronomical community through a standard competitive proposal procedure.
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Ujang, Yusak, M. Syukri, and Sukmawati Sukmawati. "Management of Filial School Development (Case Study on Management Standards on Singkawang 11 State Junior High School)." JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning) 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v3i1.742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>The filial school is one of the model of school development where learners study and learn various skills as the basic capital to continue to higher education level. The responsibility of the school's management is fully filial by the parent school in accordance with the quality standards of education services. This research aims to reveal the management of philial school development on the standard of management at Singkawang 11 State Junior High School (SMP Negeri 11 Singkawang ) with the focus of: 1) development planning of filial school in management standard, 2) organizing the development of filial school in management standard, 3) implementation of filial school development on management standard, 4) supervision of filial school development on management standards, 5) constraints faced in the development of filial schools on management standards, and 6) efforts undertaken in the development of filial schools on management standards. The research method used descriptive research with qualitative approach. Data collected by in-depth interviews, participant observation, documentation and analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, conclusion or verification. Testing of data reliability is done by extending the observation period, and triangulation and member checking. The results of the study conclude: 1) Filial School Development Planning in Management Standards, has been done by Singkawang 11 State Junior High School by making the vision and mission is implied that support the implementation of philial school development and has been socialized and arranged based on consultation with certain teachers by considering the needs of the school as a basis making, 2) organizing the development of filial schools on the standard of management, that the head of Singkawang 11 State Junior High School has arranged the organizational structure in connection with the division of main tasks and functions of the teacher and socialized. 3) Implementing the development of filial schools on the standard of management that Singkawang 11 State Junior High School refers to document I which includes all aspects of school management including philial schools covering curriculum aspects, student aspects, educator aspect and educational staff, aspects of facilities and infrastructure, finance and financing , school culture and school areas, school committees and partnerships, and school management information systems, 4) supervision of filial school development on process standards, that Singkawang 11 State Junior High School has conducted School Self Evaluation (EDS) conducted annually as a basis for preparation of the Plan School Work (RKS) and principals have conducted classroom supervision activities on teachers. For managerial supervision of the eight national standards of education by school supervisors has been undertaken but not scheduled, 5) The barriers faced in the development of filial schools in management standards consist of internal (internal) and external (external) barriers. obstacles from within include the limitations of learning facilities and infrastructure of students in the form of limited learning buildings, laboratories, libraries, canteen, prayer room, learning books and desks and student learning seats. External obstacles in the form of poor, perforated, and muddy access roads make it difficult for teachers to carry out teaching duties at the filial schools. 6) The efforts made in the development of filial schools in the management standards include the proposal for the rehabilitation of the 2017 study by the principal to the education and cultural offices of Singkawang city, the cooperation of the principal of Singkawang 11 State Junior High School with Singkawang 3 State Junior High School in a grant program of learning facilities in the form of help desk and desk study as well as reference books for studying students in filial schools. </p>
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Croner, Roland S., Henry Ptok, Susanne Merkel, and Werner Hohenberger. "Implementing complete mesocolic excision for colon cancer – mission completed?" Innovative Surgical Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 10, 2018): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iss-2017-0042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe definition of complete mesocolic excision (CME) for colon carcinomas revolutionized the way of colon surgery. This technique conquered the world starting from Erlangen. Nevertheless, currently new developments especially in minimally invasive surgery challenge CME to become settled as a standard of care. To understand the evolution of CME, anatomical details occurring during embryogenesis and their variations have to be considered. This knowledge is indispensable to transfer CME from an open to a minimally invasive setting. Conventional surgery for colon cancer (non-CME) has a morbidity of 12.1–28.5% and a 3.7% mortality risk vs. 12–36.4% morbidity and 2.1–3% mortality for open CME. The morbidity of laparoscopic CME is between 4 and 31% with a mortality of 0.5–0.9%. In robotic assisted surgery, morbidity between 10 and 25% with a mortality of 1% was published. The cancer-related survival after 3 and 5 years for open CME is respectively 91.3–95% and 90% vs. 87% and 74% for non-CME. For laparoscopic CME the 3- and 5-year cancer-related survival is 87.8–97% and 79.5–80.2%. In stage UICC III the 3- and 5-year cancer-related survival is 83.9% and 80.8% in the Erlangen data of open technique vs. 75.4% and 65.5–71.7% for laparoscopic surgery. For stage UICC III the 3- and 5-year local tumor recurrence is 3.8%. The published data and the results from Erlangen demonstrate that CME is safe in experienced hands with no increased morbidity. It offers an obvious survival benefit for the patients which can be achieved solely by surgery. Teaching programs are needed for minimally invasive CME to facilitate this technique in the same quality compared to open surgery. Passing these challenges CME will become the standard of care for patients with colon carcinomas offering all benefits of minimally invasive surgery and oncological outcome.
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Jia, Fan, E. Whitney G. Moore, Richard Kinai, Kelly S. Crowe, Alexander M. Schoemann, and Todd D. Little. "Planned missing data designs with small sample sizes: How small is too small?" International Journal of Behavioral Development 38, no. 5 (April 28, 2014): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025414531095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Utilizing planned missing data (PMD) designs (ex. 3-form surveys) enables researchers to ask participants fewer questions during the data collection process. An important question, however, is just how few participants are needed to effectively employ planned missing data designs in research studies. This article explores this question by using simulated three-form planned missing data to assess analytic model convergence, parameter estimate bias, standard error bias, mean squared error (MSE), and relative efficiency (RE).Three models were examined: a one-time-point, cross-sectional model with 3 constructs; a two-time-point model with 3 constructs at each time point; and a three-time-point, mediation model with 3 constructs over three time points. Both full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) and multiple imputation (MI) were used to handle the missing data. Models were found to meet convergence rate and acceptable bias criteria with FIML at smaller sample sizes than with MI.
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Jia, Yongjun, Jungang Yang, Mingsen Lin, Youguang Zhang, Chaofei Ma, and Chenqing Fan. "Global Assessments of the HY-2B Measurements and Cross-Calibrations with Jason-3." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 2470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152470.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The HY-2B satellite was successfully launched on 25 October 2018. One of the main payloads of the HY-2B was a radar altimeter. In the present study, the quality of the HY-2B along-track sea surface heights (SSH), significant wave heights (SWH), and sea surface wind speeds (SSWS) were assessed, including their precision and accuracy. In order to achieve this goal, the mono-mission metrics of the HY-2B were analyzed and compared with those of the Jason-2 and Jason-3 over the same periods of time. The results of both direct comparison and cross comparison methods were presented in this study. The comparison results indicated that the quality of the HY-2B satellite’s geophysical data records (GDRs) data was excellent, with 95% of the sea surfaces effectively observed between 82 degrees north and south latitudes. In addition, the standard deviation of the sea level anomalies (SLA) at the single mission crossovers was 4.6 cm to 5.8 cm, and at the dual-crossovers with Jason-3, the standard deviation was determined to be 5.1 cm to 5.8 cm. The accuracy levels of the significant wave heights and products of the HY-2B satellite radar altimeter were observed to be greater than 0.3 m and 1.4 m/s (STD), respectively. Therefore, it was concluded in this study that the data quality and system performance of the HY-2B satellite were excellent and stable, and could be widely utilized in such fields as global sea-level change monitoring, wave numerical assimilation predictions etc.
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Braun, Susanne, Jenny S. Wesche, Dieter Frey, Silke Weisweiler, and Claudia Peus. "Effectiveness of mission statements in organizations – A review." Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 4 (July 2012): 430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200000687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractEven though mission statements are standard tools in organizations, their effectiveness is subject to substantial skepticism. This review integrates hitherto published research based on a broad range of objective and subjective effectiveness criteria above and beyond financial performance in for-profit as well as not-for-profit organizations. We conclude that the distal outcome effectiveness of mission statements depends on the following antecedents and intermediate outcomes: (1) the rationale underlying their development; (2) the process of their development and implementation; (3) their content and form; and (4) individual attitudes toward the mission statement. We thereby clarify preconditions of mission statement effectiveness in organizations, and reveal shortcomings in current research.
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Braun, Susanne, Jenny S. Wesche, Dieter Frey, Silke Weisweiler, and Claudia Peus. "Effectiveness of mission statements in organizations – A review." Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 4 (July 2012): 430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2012.18.4.430.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractEven though mission statements are standard tools in organizations, their effectiveness is subject to substantial skepticism. This review integrates hitherto published research based on a broad range of objective and subjective effectiveness criteria above and beyond financial performance in for-profit as well as not-for-profit organizations. We conclude that the distal outcome effectiveness of mission statements depends on the following antecedents and intermediate outcomes: (1) the rationale underlying their development; (2) the process of their development and implementation; (3) their content and form; and (4) individual attitudes toward the mission statement. We thereby clarify preconditions of mission statement effectiveness in organizations, and reveal shortcomings in current research.
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Kim, Youngjon, and Hyoseon Choi. "Beginning of outcome-based medical education: development of medical schools’ mission statements based on stakeholders’ priority." Korean Journal of Medical Education 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2021.201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Many studies report the positive effects of outcome-based education in improving medical education quality. An important aspect of outcome-based education is the statement of learning outcomes, which is closely associated with medical schools’ mission, vision, and educational goals. Medical schools’ mission statement not only sets the standards to determine educational goals and outcomes but also provides an indicator to monitor and evaluate medical education quality.Purpose: This study identified a methodology to provide optimal mission statements at medical schools through the framework of suggested decision-making method.Methods: This study analyzed the focus of the mission development suggested by World Federation for Medical Education and Liaison Committee on Medical Education medical education standards and searched for appropriate decision-making methods based on these standards. In addition to validate the suggested framework of mission statement, case analysis of medical schools was conducted.Results: Consequently, a mission development method that applies the mission statement based on stakeholders’ priority (MSSP) was derived. The MSSP involves (1) content analysis, (2) candidate extraction, (3) priority evaluation, and (4) priority validation. The keywords of the mission system derived during this process were categorized and listed in ranks to be suggested as the mission, vision, and core values. The proposed MSSP was applied in two South Korean medical schools and, thereby, the mission, vision, and core values were determined for each medical school.Conclusion: The two schools’ case analysis verified MSSP’s effectiveness as a decision-making methodology to gather and converge diverse opinions from stakeholders for the mission statement at the medical schools.
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Sockolow, Paulina S., Kathryn H. Bowles, Christine Wojciechowicz, and Ellen J. Bass. "Incorporating home healthcare nurses’ admission information needs to inform data standards." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 27, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objective Patient transitions into home health care (HHC) often occur without the transfer of information needed for critical clinical decisions and the plan of care. Owing to a lack of universally implemented standards, there is wide variation in information transfer. We sought to characterize missing information at HHC admission. Materials and Methods We conducted a mixed methods study with 3 diverse HHC agencies. Focus groups with nurses at each agency identified what information supports patient care decisions at admission. Thirty-six in-home admissions with associated documentation review determined the available information. To inform information standards development for the HHC admission process, we compared the types of information desired and available to an international standard for transitions in care information, the Continuity of Care Document (CCD) enhanced with Office of the National Coordinator for Healthcare Information Technology summary terms (CCD/S). Results Three-quarters of the items from the focus groups mapped to the CCD/S. Regarding available information at admission, no observation included all CCD/S data items. While medication information was needed and often available for 4 important decisions, concepts related to patient medication self-management appeared in neither the CCD/S nor the admission documentation. Discussion The CCD/S mostly met HHC nurses’ information needs and is recommended to begin to fill the current information gap. Electronic health record recommendations include use of a data standard: the CCD or the proposed, more parsimonious U.S. Core Data for Interoperability. Conclusions Referral source and HHC agency adoption of data standards is recommended to support structured, consistent data and information sharing.
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Inderajati, Aal, and U. Ubaidillah. "The Non Standard English Used by Women in the Help Movie." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2016): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v3i2.5514.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT This research discusses the grammatical features of Non-Standard English that is used by women characters in The Help movie and also the factors that influence it. The discussion in this research uses the theory from Trudgill (1999) and Holmes (1992). Further, SPEAKING formula proposed by Dell Hathaway Hymes (1974) is also used to determine the factors that influence the use of Non-Standard English. The study found five features of non-standard English used by women characters; they are missing auxiliary verbs, construction words, grammatical mistakes, wrong pronouns, and double negatives. Those features were found in the 108 data or conversations. The researcher analyzed those features through SPEAKING formula to find the factors. The factors which affect the use of non-standard English are Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, and Genre. Moreover, Participants is the factor that mostly influences the use of Non-Standard English by women in The Help movie. ABSTRAK Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas tentang fitur-fitur gramatikal bahasa Inggris non-standard yang digunakan oleh karakter wanita dalam film The Help dan juga faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaannya. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori dari Trudgill dan Holmes. Disamping itu, teori SPEAKING yang dikemukakan oleh Dell Hathaway Hymes juga akan digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa Inggris non-standard tersebut. Dari hasil analisis, peneliti menemukan lima fitur bahasa Inggris non-standard yang digunakan oleh karakter wanita; fitur tersebut yaitu missing auxiliary verb, construction words, grammatical mistakes, wrong pronoun, dan double negative. Faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa non-standard ialah Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, dan Genre. Participants adalah faktor yang paling banyak mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa Inggris nonstandard oleh karakter wanita dalam film The Help. How to Cite: Inderajati, A. Ubaidillah. (2016). The Non Standard English Used by Women in the Help Movie. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 3(2), 106-122 doi:10.15408/ijee.v3i2.5509. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v3i2.5509
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Consolandi, Costanza, Himani Phadke, Jim Hawley, and Robert G. Eccles. "Material ESG Outcomes and SDG Externalities: Evaluating the Health Care Sector’s Contribution to the SDGs." Organization & Environment 33, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 511–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026619899795.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have created a framework for environmental and social impacts, which institutional investors and corporations are using to guide resource allocation or highlight SDG-aligned investments already in place. We argue that the SDGs have clarified certain elements predominantly missing or implicit in many environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards, specifically focusing on companies’ E and S externalities. Methodologically, we analyze how health care companies contribute to SDG 3 on health and well-being as a case, mapping the goal’s targets to the Sustainability Accounting Standard Board’s (SASB’s) 30 generic ESG issues and considering both financially material and immaterial ESG issues, based on SASB. Using an innovative data set, we highlight where private sector firms contribute to SDG impacts and where their financial priorities might lie. Where firms are either not contributing or perhaps unable to, we point to the need for public sector activities.
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Lawes, Mario, Martin Schultze, and Michael Eid. "Making the Most of Your Research Budget: Efficiency of a Three-Method Measurement Design With Planned Missing Data." Assessment 27, no. 5 (September 9, 2018): 903–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191118798050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Planned missing data (PMD) designs are an elegant way to incorporate expensive gold standard methods (e.g., biomarker) and cheaper but systematically biased methods (e.g., questionnaires) in research designs while ensuring high statistical power and low research costs. This article outlines a PMD design with one expensive gold standard and two cheap but biased methods (three-method measurement [3-MM] design). The cost effectiveness of different 3-MM-PMD designs is investigated and compared with the cost effectiveness of corresponding same-price two-method measurement designs using a simulation study. The results underline that PMD designs yield higher statistical power compared with complete data designs in a wide variety of conditions. Adding a second cheap method to the measurement model (i.e., using a 3-MM-PMD design) can increase the statistical power of the research design even further while keeping costs constant, when the additional measure is inexpensive, shares only small amounts of bias variance with the initial cheap measure, and when the gold standard measure is highly expensive compared with the cheap measures. Recommendations as well as a computer program for finding the optimal research design are provided.
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Arianto, Arianto, Sukmawati Sukmawati, and Usman Radiana. "The Evaluation of Full Day School Program in SMAN 10 Singkawang." JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning) 3, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v3i1.744.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>The objectives of this study include 1) describing and analyzing evaluations on context components which include: the development of the school's vision and mission that describes the objectives of Full Day School implementation in Singkawang 10 State Senior High School (SMAN 10 Singkawang); 2) Describe and analyze evaluations on input components which include: curriculum development, educators, administrative personnel, facilities and infrastructure as well as financing in accordance with educational standards; 3) describe and analyze evaluations on process components which include: learning process, management in accordance with educational standards; 4) describe and analyze evaluations on product components which include: UN scores and graduation for the 12th year students of the current year 2016-2018. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. From the data collected at the time of the research on the Evaluation of FDS Program at SMAN 10 Singkawang, the Context, Input, Process and Product evaluation obtained the following results: 1) In the evaluation of the context, the Vision and Mission of SMAN 10 Singkawang was in accordance with education. character based and government objectives in the FDS program; 2) In the Input evaluation it was concluded that the curriculum used in SMAN 10 Singkawang still refers to the KTSP and K13 curriculum, lack of teachers and TU and the lack of facilities and infrastructure available in schools; 3) In the process evaluation includes the learning process that has been carried out according to SNP standards, the teacher makes a lesson plan (RPP) as a PBM guide and is supervised by the Principal regularly and the Principal designs the school budget by arranging the RKAS within one year from the committee funding sources and BOSS; 4) Results of discussion about the results The product evaluation includes learning outcomes during the FDS implementation at SMAN 10 Singkawang can be concluded that during the 3 years running the implementation of FDS in SMAN 10 Singkawang has not improved the quality of education (seen from the UN average score data). Still below the average 6.00 (SNP standard).</p>
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Dean, Elizabeth, Margot Skinner, Hellen Myezwa, Vyvienne Mkumbuzi, Karien Mostert, Diana C. Parra, Debra Shirley, et al. "Health Competency Standards in Physical Therapist Practice." Physical Therapy 99, no. 9 (June 12, 2019): 1242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAlthough the physical therapist profession is the leading established, largely nonpharmacological health profession in the world and is committed to health promotion and noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention, these have yet to be designated as core physical therapist competencies. Based on findings of 3 Physical Therapy Summits on Global Health, addressing NCDs (heart disease, cancer, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, obesity, and chronic lung disease) has been declared an urgent professional priority. The Third Summit established the status of health competencies in physical therapist practice across the 5 World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) regions with a view to establish health competency standards, this article's focus. Three general principles related to health-focused practice emerged, along with 3 recommendations for its inclusion. Participants acknowledged that specific competencies are needed to ensure that health promotion and NCD prevention are practiced consistently by physical therapists within and across WCPT regions (ie, effective counseling for smoking cessation, basic nutrition, weight control, and reduced sitting and increased activity/exercise in patients and clients, irrespective of their presenting complaints/diagnoses). Minimum accreditable health competency standards within the profession, including use of the WCPT-supported Health Improvement Card, were recommended for inclusion into practice, entry-to-practice education, and research. Such standards are highly consistent with the mission of the WCPT and the World Health Organization. The physical therapist profession needs to assume a leadership role vis-à-vis eliminating the gap between what we know unequivocally about the causes of and contributors to NCDs and the long-term benefits of effective, sustained, nonpharmacological lifestyle behavior change, which no drug nor many surgical procedures have been reported to match.
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Schreiner, W., S. Sokolovskiy, D. Hunt, C. Rocken, and Y. H. Kuo. "Analysis of GPS radio occultation data from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and Metop/GRAS missions at CDAAC." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 2 (April 29, 2011): 2433–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-2433-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This study investigates the noise level and mission-to-mission stability of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) neutral atmospheric bending angle data at the UCAR COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). Data are used from two independently developed RO instruments currently flying in orbit on the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3C) and Metop/GRAS (GNSS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding) missions. The F3C 50 Hz RO data are post-processed with a single-difference excess atmospheric phase algorithm, and the Metop/GRAS 50 Hz closed loop and raw sampling (down-sampled from 1000 Hz to 50 Hz) data are processed with a zero-difference algorithm. The standard deviations of the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles from climatology between 60 and 80 km altitude from June–December 2009 are approximately 1.78 and 1.13 μrad, respectively. The F3C standard deviation reduces significantly to 1.44 μrad when single-difference processing uses GPS satellites on the same side of the spacecraft. The higher noise level for F3C bending angles can be explained by additional noise from the reference link phase data that are required with single-difference processing. The F3C and Metop/GRAS mean bending angles differences relative to climatology during the same six month period are statistically significant and have values of −0.05 and −0.02 μrad, respectively. A comparison of ~13 500 collocated F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angle profiles over this six month period shows a similar mean difference of ~0.02 ± 0.02 μrad between 30 and 60 km impact heights that is marginally significant. The observed mean difference between the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles of ~0.02–0.03 μrad is quite small and illustrates the high degree of re-produceability and mission independence of the GPS RO data at high altitudes. Collocated bending angles between two F3C satellites from early in the mission differ on average by up to 0.5% near the surface due to systematically lower signal-to-noise ratio for one of the satellites. Results from F3C and Metop/GRAS differences in the lower troposphere suggest the Metop/GRAS bending angles are negatively biased compared to F3C with a maximum of several percents near the surface in tropical regions. This bias is related to different tracking depths (deeper in F3C) and data gaps in Metop/GRAS which make it impossible to process the data from both missions in exactly the same way.
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Schreiner, W., S. Sokolovskiy, D. Hunt, C. Rocken, and Y. H. Kuo. "Analysis of GPS radio occultation data from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and Metop/GRAS missions at CDAAC." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 10 (October 20, 2011): 2255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2255-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This study investigates the noise level and mission-to-mission stability of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) neutral atmospheric bending angle data at the UCAR COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). Data are used from two independently developed RO instruments currently flying in orbit on the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3C) and Metop/GRAS (GNSS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding) missions. The F3C 50 Hz RO data are post-processed with a single-difference excess atmospheric phase algorithm, and the Metop/GRAS 50 Hz closed loop and raw sampling (down-sampled from 1000 Hz to 50 Hz) data are processed with a zero-difference algorithm. The standard deviations of the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles from climatology between 60 and 80 km altitude from June–December 2009 are approximately 1.78 and 1.13 μrad, respectively. The F3C standard deviation reduces significantly to 1.44 μrad when single-difference processing uses GPS satellites on the same side of the spacecraft. The higher noise level for F3C bending angles can be explained by additional noise from the reference link phase data that are required with single-difference processing. The F3C and Metop/GRAS mean bending angles differences relative to climatology during the same six month period are statistically significant and have values of −0.05 and −0.02 μrad, respectively. A comparison of ~13 500 collocated F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angle profiles over this six month period shows a similar mean difference of ~0.02 ± 0.02 μrad between 30 and 60 km impact heights that is marginally significant. The observed mean difference between the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles of ~0.02–0.03 μrad is quite small and illustrates the high degree of re-produceability and mission independence of the GPS RO data at high altitudes. Collocated bending angles between two F3C satellites from early in the mission differ on average by up to 0.5% near the surface due to systematically lower signal-to-noise ratio for one of the satellites. Results from F3C and Metop/GRAS differences in the lower troposphere suggest the Metop/GRAS bending angles are negatively biased compared to F3C with a maximum of several percents near the surface in tropical regions. This bias is related to different tracking depths (deeper in F3C) and data gaps in Metop/GRAS which make it impossible to process the data from both missions in exactly the same way.
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Yaqin, Muhammad Ainul, Dicky Eka Asia Pratama, Mohammad Rofi’uruttab, and Ilman Dwi Cahya. "Pengukuran Metrik Kompleksitas Model Proses Bisnis Sekolah." Jurasik (Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika) 5, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/jurasik.v5i2.207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
School as an institution that has a primary mission to educate and develop the character of the nation through a series of learning activities. School is an organization whose success goals are largely determined by the leadership style and organizational paradigm that is shared by all school components. Schools as organizations have business processes as a collection of procedures or activities that can define business objectives or objectives, generally in the context of organizational structures that can define functional roles and relationships within the organization. The main purpose of BPMN is to provide a notation that is easy to use and can be understood by everyone involved in business, which includes business analysts who model business processes, technical developers who build systems that carry out business, and various levels of management that must be able to read and understand processes diagram quickly so that it can help in decision making. To measure the complexity of a business process, complexity metrics are measured. This study uses the Cognitve Information Complexity Measure (CICM) method. Researchers took 3 SOPs of national education standards namely SOP curriculum development resulting in a standard value of complexity 425.1496, SOP for the Learning Process produced a standard value of complexity 2091.333 and SOP for Teacher Recruitment resulted in a standard value of complexity of 1145.49.
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Sunar, Ari Sugeng Budiyanta, Prasepvianto Estu Broto, and Agus Bayu Utama. "Analyze Angle of the Camera Payload LSU-02 in Mission of Aerial Photo." E3S Web of Conferences 94 (2019): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199401015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In carrying out its mission, LAPAN Surveillance UAV version 2 (LSU-02) was equipped with a camera payload sensor mounted on a gimbal system. When taking upright aerial photos according to photogrammetric requirements, the axis of the aerial camera must be aligned with the direction of gravity with a slope tolerance less than 3 degrees (<3°), so that the shooting results meet the map to the desired standard. The camera payload was equipped with a 3-axis gimbal system which pitch and roll directions installed by the gyro sensor to measure the camera's tilt angle. Gimbal camera payload with dimensions (160×170×155) mm are designed to be installed on a casing (190×190×180) mm according to the available space in the LSU-02 payload space, which was the length x width x height (190×190×180) mm. Testing was done by flying LSU-02 on Rumpin and Pamengpeuk runway. From the test results, it was obtained the deviation of roll and pitch angle less than 3degree, which the gimbal angle oscillation when the payload camera shooting was only ± 1 degree with the respon time until it reaches a stable condition of approximately 35 to 55 seconds, and the offset value for roll and pitch approximately -1 degree, which it has met the standard for making aerial photo maps according to photogrammetric requirements.
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Astuti, Wahyuningsih Budi, Zulfan Saam, and Isjoni Isjoni. "MANAJEMEN PROGRAM PUSAT INFORMASI DAN KONSELING REMAJA (PIK-R) DI SMA NEGERI 1 PEKANBARU." Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Penelitian Kualitatif 3, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jmppk.3.2.p.87-96.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this research is how management of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru with subfokus are: (1) Achievement of vision and mission implementation of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (2) Planning of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (3) Organizing of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (4) Implementation of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (5) Supervision of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (6) The result of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru. The approach of this research is qualitative gotten from respondents with data collection technique through documentation, observation, and in-depth interview. Further data analysis through data reduction, display data, conclusion and verification. The results showed that (1) Achievement of vision and mission implementation of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized sufficient because it has fulfilled 3 aspects of 5 aspects from the objective standard (2) Planning of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized good because it has fulfilled 4 aspects of the 5 aspects from the objective standard (3) The organization of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized very well because it has fulfilled 5 aspects of 5 aspects from the objective standard (4) Implementation of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized well because it has fulfilled 4 aspects of 5 aspects from the objective standard (5) Supervision of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized sufficient because it has fulfilled 3 aspects from 5 aspects from the objective standard (6 ) The result of program the information center and counseling youth in SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized less because it has fulfilled 2 aspects of 5 aspects from objective standard.
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Choi, Young Hwan, and Donghwi Jung. "Development of Cross-Domain Artificial Neural Network to Predict High-Temporal Resolution Pressure Data." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 3832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093832.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forecasting hydraulic data such as pressure and demand in water distribution system (WDS) is an important task that helps ensure efficient and accurate operations. Despite high-performance data prediction, missing data can still occur, making it difficult to effectively operate WDS. Though the pressure data are directly related to the rules of operation for pumps or valves, few studies have been conducted on pressure data forecasting. This study proposes a new missing and incomplete data control approach based on real pressure data for reliable and efficient WDS operation and maintenance. The proposed approach is: (1) application of source data from high-resolution, real-world pressure data; (2) development of a cross-domain artificial neural network (CDANN), combining the standard artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the cross-domain training approach for missing data control; and (3) analysis of standard data mining according to external factors to improve prediction accuracy. To verify the proposed approach, a real-world network located in South Korea was used, and the forecasting results were evaluated through performance indicators (i.e., overall, special points, and percentage errors). The performance of the CDANN is compared with that of standard ANNs, and CDANN was found to provide better predictions than traditional ANNs.
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Baltzer, Pascal, Ritse M. Mann, Mami Iima, Eric E. Sigmund, Paola Clauser, Fiona J. Gilbert, Laura Martincich, et al. "Diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast—a consensus and mission statement from the EUSOBI International Breast Diffusion-Weighted Imaging working group." European Radiology 30, no. 3 (November 30, 2019): 1436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06510-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The European Society of Breast Radiology (EUSOBI) established an International Breast DWI working group. The working group consists of clinical breast MRI experts, MRI physicists, and representatives from large vendors of MRI equipment, invited based upon proven expertise in breast MRI and/or in particular breast DWI, representing 25 sites from 16 countries. The aims of the working group are (a) to promote the use of breast DWI into clinical practice by issuing consensus statements and initiate collaborative research where appropriate; (b) to define necessary standards and provide practical guidance for clinical application of breast DWI; (c) to develop a standardized and translatable multisite multivendor quality assurance protocol, especially for multisite research studies; (d) to find consensus on optimal methods for image processing/analysis, visualization, and interpretation; and (e) to work collaboratively with system vendors to improve breast DWI sequences. First consensus recommendations, presented in this paper, include acquisition parameters for standard breast DWI sequences including specifications of b values, fat saturation, spatial resolution, and repetition and echo times. To describe lesions in an objective way, levels of diffusion restriction/hindrance in the breast have been defined based on the published literature on breast DWI. The use of a small ROI placed on the darkest part of the lesion on the ADC map, avoiding necrotic, noisy or non-enhancing lesion voxels is currently recommended. The working group emphasizes the need for standardization and quality assurance before ADC thresholds are applied. The working group encourages further research in advanced diffusion techniques and tailored DWI strategies for specific indications. Key Points • The working group considers breast DWI an essential part of a multiparametric breast MRI protocol and encourages its use. • Basic requirements for routine clinical application of breast DWI are provided, including recommendations on b values, fat saturation, spatial resolution, and other sequence parameters. • Diffusion levels in breast lesions are defined based on meta-analysis data and methods to obtain a reliable ADC value are detailed.
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Hwang, Jae-Kwang. "New fermionic dark matters, extended Standard Model and cosmic rays." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 26 (August 11, 2017): 1730023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317300233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three generations of leptons and quarks correspond to the lepton charges (LCs) in this work. Then, the leptons have the electric charges (ECs) and LCs. The quarks have the ECs, LCs and color charges (CCs). Three heavy leptons and three heavy quarks are introduced to make the missing third flavor of EC. Then the three new particles which have the ECs are proposed as the bastons (dark matters) with the rest masses of 26.121 eV/c2, 42.7 GeV/c2 and 1.9 × 10[Formula: see text] eV/c2. These new particles are applied to explain the origins of the astrophysical observations like the ultra-high energy cosmic rays and supernova 1987A anti-neutrino data. It is concluded that the 3.5 keV X-ray peak observed from the cosmic X-ray background spectra is originated not from the pair annihilations of the dark matters but from the X-ray emission of the Q1 baryon atoms which are similar in the atomic structure to the hydrogen atom. The presence of the 3.5 keV cosmic X-ray supports the presence of the Q1 quark with the EC of −4/3. New particles can be indirectly seen from the astrophysical observations like the cosmic ray and cosmic gamma ray. In this work, the systematic quantized charges of EC, LC and CC for the elementary particles are used to consistently explain the decay and reaction schemes of the elementary particles. Also, the strong, weak and dark matter forces are consistently explained.
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Baehner, Torsten, Nicholas Kiefer, Shahab Ghamari, Ingo Graeff, Christopher Huett, Stefan Pflugradt, Bjoern Sendzik, et al. "A National Survey: Current Clinical Practice in Pediatric Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Surgery." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 11, no. 3 (April 15, 2020): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135120902122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Providing anesthesia for pediatric patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery is complex and requires profound knowledge and clinical experience. Prospective studies on best anesthetic management are missing, partially due to different standards. The aim of the present study was to survey the current standard practice in anesthetic management in pediatric cardiac surgical centers in Germany. Methods: All 78 cardiac surgical centers in Germany were reviewed for a congenital cardiac surgery program. Centers with an active program for congenital cardiac surgery were interviewed to participate in the present online questionnaire to assess their current anesthetic practice. Results: Twenty-seven German centers running an active program for congenital heart surgery were identified, covering more than 3,000 pediatric cardiac surgeries annually. Of these centers, 96.3% (26/27) participated in our survey. Standard induction agents were etomidate in 26.9% (7/26), propofol in 19.2% (5/26), a combination of benzodiazepines and ketamine in 19.2% (5/26), and barbiturates in 11.5% (3/26). General anesthesia was preferentially maintained using volatile agents, 61.5% (16/26), with sevoflurane being the most common volatile agent within this group, 81.2% (13/16). Intraoperative first-choice/first-line inotropic drug was epinephrine, 53.8% (14/26), followed by milrinone, 23.1% (6/26), and dobutamine 15.4% (4/26). Fast-track programs performing on-table extubation depending on the type of surgical procedure were established at 61.5% (16/26) of the centers. Conclusion: This study highlights the diversity of clinical standards in pediatric cardiac anesthesia for congenital cardiac surgery in Germany.
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Fukushima, T. "Report of the IAU WGAS Sub-group on Standard Procedures." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153929960001090x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The given mission of the subgroup on Standard Procedures (SGSP) of IAUWGon Astronomical Standards (IAU/WGAS) is to prepare report “on standard procedures needed in fundamental astronomy, which a) should have a maximum degree of compatibility with the IERS Standards, b) should include the implementations of procedures in the form of tested software and/or test cases, c) should be available not only in written form, but also in machine-readable form” as described in the third item of Recommendation VIII of the IAU Resolution A4 (1991). After some general discussions, in 1992 we issued a questionnaire on the image and mechanism on the supposed set of standard procedures (IAU/WGAS Circulrar 51.2.1) and sent it to over 200 scientists in the world. Within a few months, 16 answers were sent back. The detailed answers and the questionnaire was distributed (IAU/WGAS Circular 54.2.1). As a simulation of supposed mechanism, in 1993 we did a test campaign to collect computational procedure(s) to compute the present IAU precession formula (Lieske et al., 1979) in FORTRAN (IAU/WGAS Circular 59.2.1). Within a few months, 5 submissions from 5 countires (Japan, China, USA, Russia, and UK) reached. The analysis of submitted routines was circulated (IAU/WGAS Circular 65.2.1). Based on these responses, we concluded that the establishment of a mechanism to provide such procedures to the community of astronomy is quite useful. To realize this, we will recommend some action items to the IAU as is described in the next Section. Its main purpose is to establish a mechanism by the combination of a comiittee of board and a center, which are to operate within a year after the recommendations are adopted by the IAU. Section 3 will describe some guidelines for the committee and center to perform the tasks to create and maintain standard procedures. Of course, these are to be consulted if necessary and are not to restrict or regulate the activity of the committee and the center.
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Dzebisova, Anastasia K., and Irina Yu Kokaeva. "Formation of metasubject educational achievements of primary schoolchildren in the process of assessment activities." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 3(2021) (September 25, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-3-86-91.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main mission of modern education - improving the quality, cannot be realized without innovative approaches to the assessment system, without the formation of mechanisms, procedures and technologies for monitoring the educational achievements of students. Federal state educational standards of primary general education of the second generation orient teachers towards the qualitative formation of subject, meta-subject and personal results. Modern teachers successfully diagnose the level of subject and personal achievements of junior schoolchildren, evaluating these universal educational actions. Certain difficulties arise with the assessment of metasubject learning outcomes of schoolchildren. The assessment activity of students, according to the authors, acts as an effective means of forming metasubject competences of younger students, since the mechanisms for diagnosing metasubject educational achievements have not yet been worked out. This scientific work discusses not only modern approaches to assessing metasubject achievements, but also proves that a well-constructed assessment activity can become an effective means of forming metasubject competencies. The authors pay great attention to such methods of assessment activities, which, within the framework of the implementation of the state standard, ensure the flexibility of the educational process, create an opportunity not only for teachers, but also for the students themselves to control and evaluate metasubject results.
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Welten, Desiree C., Ruth A. Carpenter, R. Sue McPherson, Suzanne Brodney, Deirdre Douglass, James B. Kampert, and Steven N. Blair. "Comparison of a dietary record using reported portion size versus standard portion size for assessing nutrient intake." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 2 (June 2000): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjectiveBecause the percentage of missing portion sizes was large in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS), careful consideration of the accuracy of standard portion sizes was necessary. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the consequences of using standard portion sizes instead of reported portion sizes on subjects' nutrient intake.MethodsIn 2307 men and 411 women, nutrient intake calculated from a 3-day dietary record using reported portion sizes was compared with nutrient intake calculated from the same record in which standard portion sizes were substituted for reported portion sizes.ResultsThe standard portion sizes provided significantly lower estimates (> 20%) of energy and nutrient intakes than the reported portion sizes. Spearman correlation coefficients obtained by the two methods were high, ranging from 0.67 to 0.93. Furthermore, the agreement between both methods was fairly good. Thus, in the ACLS the use of standard portion sizes rather than reported portion sizes did not appear to be suitable to assess the absolute intake at the group level, but appeared to lead to a good ranking of individuals according to nutrient intake. These results were confirmed by the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII), in which the assessment of the portion size was optimal. When the standard portion sizes were adjusted using the correction factor, the ability of the standard portion sizes to assess the absolute nutrient intake at the group level was considerably improved.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the adjusted standard portion sizes may be able to replace missing portion sizes in the ACLS database.
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Rioux, Jennifer G. "Why Ayurvedic Yoga Therapists and Why Now?" International Journal of Yoga Therapy 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/1531-2054-25.1.27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IAYT has paved the way for yoga therapy as a healing profession to grow and develop its mission to deliver optimal therapeutics via individual sessions and tailored group classes. For the past five years, the National Ayurvedic Medical Association (NAMA) has been working behind the scenes to consider the value and definition of an ayurvedic yoga therapist (AYT) professional designation within the yoga therapy discipline. The AYT designation would complement the current standards for yoga therapists that have been published by IAYT. The purpose of this paper is to discuss (1) why the AYT designation is important; (2) how it supports and expands on IAYT's mission; and (3) why now is the appropriate time to develop competencies, standards, and a scope of practice for ayurvedic yoga therapy.
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Äyrämö, S., I. Pölönen, and M. A. Eskelinen. "CLUSTERING INCOMPLETE SPECTRAL DATA WITH ROBUST METHODS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W3 (October 19, 2017): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w3-13-2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Missing value imputation is a common approach for preprocessing incomplete data sets. In case of data clustering, imputation methods may cause unexpected bias because they may change the underlying structure of the data. In order to avoid prior imputation of missing values the computational operations must be projected on the available data values. In this paper, we apply a robust nan-K-spatmed algorithm to the clustering problem on hyperspectral image data. Robust statistics, such as multivariate medians, are more insensitive to outliers than classical statistics relying on the Gaussian assumptions. They are, however, computationally more intractable due to the lack of closed-form solutions. We will compare robust clustering methods on the bands incomplete data cubes to standard K-means with full data cubes.
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Mahmud, Muhammad Saleh, Wahyudi Wahyudi, and Muhammad Chiar. "Implementation of Management Standards (Case Study of Management Standards in Accreditation Assessment at PKBM Sejahtera Pontianak East Institute)." JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning) 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v3i2.771.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>This study aims to reveal information relating to (1) the leadership profile of the head of the management of the Community Learning Center (PKBM) Prosperous Center; (2) Work plan for accreditation management standards in PKBM Sejahtera institutions; (3) Organizing accreditation management standards in PKBM Sejahtera institutions; (4) Implementation of management of education units in PKBM Sejahtera institutions; (5) Supervision of education units in PKBM Sejahtera institutions; and (6) Reporting of the results of activities at PKBM Sejahtera institutions. The approach in this study uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study research. The results obtained from this study are the first chairman of the new prosperous PKBM has a D3 certificate in Civil Engineering and has 13 types of training/workshop / technical guidance certificates that are relevant to PKBM, and PKBM Sejahtera already has a community representative forum. Second, PKBM prosperous has clear and realistic vision, mission, and unit objectives, assisted villages / urban village that are in accordance with the vision, mission and objectives, long-term strategic plan (5year work plan), operational plan (annual work plan) clear; plan for the use of funds for a period of 5 years, already carrying out identification of community learning needs (IKBM) before determining the type of service program, already using the IKBM results as the basis for determining the type of service program; has included community members / leaders / RT heads, RW leaders (representing the community) in each service program preparation. Third, PKBM Sejahtera already has an institution's board posted/posted on the front fence but, the standard size has not been fulfilled all elements/explanations of certain activities in it, and there is no Tut Wuri Handayani symbol and has a network with 4 or more partner institutions in Last two years. Fourth, PKBM Sejahtera already has an activity schedule for each structured activity and unstructured activities, already has a list of participants in each study group (groups of students) for each type of service program, and already has a continuous service program so that there is no free time in each year. Fifth, PKBM Sejahtera has carried out monitoring and evaluation of service programs that are held regularly, has carried out monitoring and evaluation of learning by periodic managers and PKBM prosper does not make monitoring and evaluation reports. Sixth, PKBM prosperous has made a report on the results of each activity's complete activities, making a complete financial report after each activity, making a report on the results of its activities and finances supplemented by four documents of financial transactions consisting of bank accounts, cash books, diaries, documents financial transactions. As well as prosperous PKBM has submitted periodic reports of activity and financial results to the Pontianak City Education Office, Ditjen PAUD and Dikmas as well as agencies that provide assistance.</p>
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Darmawan, I. Gusti Ngurah. "NORM software review: Handling missing values with multiple imputation methods." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 2, no. 1 (August 2002): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x0200200112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evaluation studies often lack sophistication in their statistical analyses, particularly where there are small data sets or missing data. Until recently, the methods used for analysing incomplete data focused on removing the missing values, either by deleting records with incomplete information or by substituting the missing values with estimated mean scores. These methods, though simple to implement, are problematic. However, recent advances in theoretical and computational statistics have led to more flexible techniques with sound statistical bases. These procedures involve multiple imputation (MI), a technique in which the missing values are replaced by m > 1 estimated values, where m is typically small (e.g. 3-10). Each of the resultant m data sets is then analysed by standard methods, and the results are combined to produce estimates and confidence intervals that incorporate missing data uncertainty. This paper reviews the key ideas of multiple imputation, discusses the currently available software programs relevant to evaluation studies, and demonstrates their use with data from a study of the adoption and implementation of information technology in Bali, Indonesia.
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Jin, Man, Dai Feng, Guanghan Liu, and Shuyan Wan. "Two-level approaches to missing data in longitudinal trials with daily patient-reported outcomes." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 7 (October 9, 2019): 1935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280219880432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In longitudinal clinical trials with daily patient-reported outcomes, the analysis endpoints are often defined as the averaged daily diary outcomes in a treatment cycle (such as a month or a week). Conventional methods often deal with missing data at the cycle level by imputing the average, and the cycle average is treated as missing if the number of days with available outcomes in the treatment cycle is less than a certain number. This was the method used for a case study of a phase 3 clinical trial evaluating a treatment for insomnia with daily patient-reported outcomes. Such methods may introduce bias. Motivated by this, we propose methods to impute missing daily outcomes in this paper. Specifically, we define a two-level missing pattern for clinical trials with daily patient-reported outcomes, and propose two-level methods to impute missing data at daily base. Other than the standard methods by multiple imputations, we derive analytic formulas for the proposed two-level methods to reduce computational intensity and improve the estimates of variances. The proposed two-level methods provide more powerful approaches to estimate the treatment difference compared to the conventional cycle-level methods, which are evaluated by theoretical development and simulation studies. In addition, the methods are applied to the motivating phase 3 trial evaluating a treatment for insomnia with daily patient-reported outcomes.
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Fitzgerald, Naomi, Elizabeth Rachel Anderson, Vanessa Apea, Hilary Curtis, and Lisa Goodall. "2019 British Association of Sexual Health and HIV National Clinical Audit of timelines to be seen, test results and treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis." International Journal of STD & AIDS 33, no. 6 (April 4, 2022): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09564624211059094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background BASHH/MEDFASH (Medical Foundation for HIV and Sexual Health) Standards for the Management of Sexual Health Services 20141 set out a number of recommendations regarding time between contacting a service to being seen, time to receiving results, and time to treatment. This audit investigated if UK practice is compliant with BASHH standards of care in terms of: Time to patient being seen after contacting sexual health services, time to chlamydia (CT) NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test) results and time from positive CT result to treatment. Methods All UK level 2 (non-specialist) and level 3 (specialist) sexual health clinics were invited to take part. Data were collected via a survey of sexual health clinics and a retrospective case-note review of the last 40 people aged 16 or over per service seen with chlamydia but not syphilis or gonorrhoea. Cases were identified using the SHHAPT (Sexual Health and HIV Activity Types) National STI Surveillance code for chlamydia (C4). Results There were responses from 221 sites. 67% of sites reported offering both appointment and walk-in access, 26.2% appointment-only, 6.8% walk-in only. The mean turn-away rate of individuals seeking walk-in access on the last open day was 6.1%. There were variations in local service specification turnaround times for chlamydia nucleic acid amplification test results; 32% of sites reported no specified turnaround time. Case note audit of individuals seen with chlamydia showed 74.1% of individuals were tested for chlamydia at a level 3 clinic, 11.8% at a level 2 sexual health clinic, 7.3% used a self-sampling kit requested online and 3.9% tested at a different setting. 92.1% of individuals who initially tested at a sexual health service had an attempted notification within 10 working days of a positive chlamydia test. 95% of individuals were treated within a sexual health service. Overall, 94.0% of individuals were treated within 15 working days of the test result. Conclusion When missing data were excluded, patient initiated GUM/level 3 attenders seen within 2 working days met the audit standard as did patient access to results within 10-working days for those whose initial CT NAAT sample was taken at a GUM/level 3 clinic and treatment within 3 weeks for GUM/level 3 attenders. Patients offered to be seen/assessed within 2 working days and lab report within 5 working days did not meet the audit standard. Recommendations include ensuring that laboratory turn-around times are included in contracts or service level agreements for clinical services, and local monitoring of these. Dates when individuals first seek to access sexual health services should also be recorded and used to monitor performance in comparison with access standards.
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Löwner, M. O., G. Gröger, J. Benner, F. Biljecki, and C. Nagel. "PROPOSAL FOR A NEW LOD AND MULTI-REPRESENTATION CONCEPT FOR CITYGML." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2/W1 (October 5, 2016): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w1-3-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) <i>CityGML</i> standard offers a Level of Detail (LoD) concept that enables the representation of CityGML features from a very detailed to a less detailed description. Due to a rising application variety, the current LoD concept seems to be too inflexible. Here, we present a multi representation concept (MRC) that enables a user-defined definition of LoDs. Because CityGML is an international standard, official profiles of the MRC are proposed. However, encoding of the defined profiles reveals many problems including mapping the conceptual model to the normative encoding, missing technologies and so on. Therefore, we propose to use the MRC as a meta model for the further definition of an LoD concept for CityGML 3.0.
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Yearby, K. H., S. N. Walker, and M. A. Balikhin. "Enhanced timing accuracy for Cluster data." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 3, no. 2 (August 9, 2013): 515–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-3-515-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The standard timing accuracy for the Cluster mission is ±2 ms. However for inter-spacecraft comparisons of waveform data a much higher accuracy is needed – for example a timing error of 1 ms results in a phase error of 65° for a signal at 180 Hz. Most Cluster data are recorded on an onboard solid state recorder and time stamped using an onboard clock which is calibrated to UTC. Until recently, the error of this onboard clock was allowed to increase to the ±2 ms limit before a new calibration was applied. However, the timing error for real time data is estimated to be only ~11 μs, so these data may be used to prepare a time correction dataset which allows the standard timing accuracy to be improved considerably. This paper describes the details of the preparation and validation of this dataset. Two independent source datasets are used: telemetry to ESTRACK ground stations supporting the main operations of the Cluster spacecraft, and the real time telemetry to the NASA DSN stations supporting the Wide-Band Plasma Wave Investigation.
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Jin, Hong-Bo, and Peng Xu. "The pipeline of data processing for TAIJI-1 space mission in the TAIJI program for the detection of gravitational wave." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 11n12 (March 10, 2021): 2140025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x2140025x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
TAIJI-1 is a micro-gravity experiment spacecraft. The mission target is to verify some key techniques of the spacecraft payloads for the gravitational wave detection, which involve laser interferometer, gravity reference sensor, drag-free control technology, micro-propulsion system, super-quiescent spacecraft platform, etc. The verification of the data processing pipeline required by the next stage of TAIJI Program is also performed. In order to benefit from the joint observatory between TAIJI and LISA in the future, as a space mission, the science operations refer to the existing ESA and NASA standard models, which include the Mission Operations Center (MOC), the Science Operations Center (SOC), the Data Processing Center (DPC), etc. The data processing pipeline connects between SOC and DPC. The SOC obtains the level-0 data from MOC and DPC performs the data processing and distributes the level-2 and level-3 data to SOC. For TAIJI-1 mission, SOC and DPC are two subsystems, which are included into the named science application system (SAS). That is the one of the six-function systems, which operate Chinese space mission. MOC is relevant to the ground support system (GSS) and spacecraft control system, that are also the ones of six-function systems of Chinese space mission. The on-orbit experiment plannings are transported from SAS to GSS, that is similar to from SOC to MOC in NASA standard models. The computer construction and computer software are the basic elements of the SAS, that are constructed completely, before the TAIJI-1 was launched. After TAIJI-1 enters the orbit, the data processing pipeline begins to work and the experimental items of TAIJI-1 are performed in the pipeline. The basic functions, performances and optimization functions of the detection devices in the payloads are verified completely 3 months after launch. In the same time, the methods of data analysis and processing are also verified. As a result, the required indicators of key techniques of the spacecraft for the gravitational wave detection are justified. The data processing pipeline is also reasonable. The relevant codes for data analysis and processing will benefit the next stage of TAIJI Program.
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Chew, Clara, and Eric Small. "Description of the UCAR/CU Soil Moisture Product." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, the ability to use remotely sensed soil moisture to investigate linkages between the water and energy cycles and for use in data assimilation studies is limited to passive microwave data whose temporal revisit time is 2–3 days or active microwave products with a much longer (>10 days) revisit time. This paper describes a dataset that provides soil moisture retrievals, which are gridded to 36 km, for the upper 5 cm of the soil surface at sparsely sampled 6-hour intervals for +/− 38 degrees latitude for 2017–present. Retrievals are derived from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) constellation, which uses GNSS-Reflectometry to obtain L-band reflectivity observations over the Earth’s surface. The product was developed by calibrating CYGNSS reflectivity observations to soil moisture retrievals from NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. Retrievals were validated against observations from 171 in-situ soil moisture probes, with a median unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) of 0.049 cm3 cm−3 (standard deviation = 0.026 cm3 cm−3) and median correlation coefficient of 0.4 (standard deviation = 0.27). For the same stations, the median ubRMSE between SMAP and in-situ observations was 0.045 cm3 cm−3 (standard deviation = 0.025 cm3 cm−3) and median correlation coefficient was 0.69 (standard deviation = 0.27). The UCAR/CU Soil Moisture Product is thus complementary to SMAP, albeit with a larger random noise component, providing soil moisture retrievals for applications that require faster revisit times than passive microwave remote sensing currently provides.
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Mickelson, Kristin. "A critique of Vihvelin’s Three-fold Classification." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 45, no. 1 (2015): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2015.1009321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this essay, I argue for the rejection of Vihvelin’s ‘Three-fold Classification’ (3-FC), a nonstandard taxonomy of free-will compatibilism, incompatibilism, and impossibilism. Vihvelin is right that the standard taxonomy of these views is inadequate, and that a new taxonomy is needed to clarify the free-will debate. Significantly, Vihvelin notes that the standard formal definition of ‘incompatibilism’ does not capture the historically popular view that deterministic laws pose a threat to free will. Vihvelin’s proposed solution is to redefine ‘incompatibilism.’ However, Vihvelin’s formal definition of ‘incompatibilism’ is flawed according to her own arguments. In addition, Vihvelin’s characterization of ‘compatibilism’ is (at best) incomplete, and at least two important free-will views are missing from her proposed taxonomy. Given the problems with Vihvelin’s arguments for 3-FC, her novel view of the dialectic between the major free-will views lacks support.