Готові списки джерел за темами / Stain steel 316L

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Stain steel 316L"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Stain steel 316L":

Zhang, Da, Hui Bin Wu, Gang Niu, Di Tang, and Na Gong. "Influence of Warm Deformation on Strain-Induced Martensite Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.254.

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In order to control the ratio of nano/ultrafine structure grains of warm/cold rolled 316L stainless steel after annealing, the influence of deformation amount and temperature on martensite content and microstructure was investigated, and a model of the content of stain-induced martensite and deformation amount and temperature was established. Results showed that the content of stain-induced martensite was nonlinear with deformation amount, but with an incubation period. And it’s generally exponential. Martensitic transition occurred in large deformation stage. 58.23% strain-induced martensite was formed when deformation amount was 80% at 200°C. The content of martensite is the most significant factor that affects austenite grain size after annealing. With more strain-induced martensite, the average austenite grain size decreased, and the uniformity of grain size was improved, which was generally monotonous.

Hong, Seong Gu, and Soon Bok Lee. "Dynamic Strain Aging during Low Cycle Fatigue Deformation in Prior Cold Worked 316L Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.1129.

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Low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were carried out in a wide temperature range (20°C-650°C)at strain rates of 1×10-4/s-1×10-2/s for 17% cold worked (CW) 316L stainless steel to investigate the conditions for the occurrence of dynamic strain aging (DSA) and its effects on material properties during LCF deformation. DSA introduced anomalous changes of LCF properties, and the DSA regime under LCF loading condition coincided with that in tensile loading condition. During LCF deformation, dynamic stain aging can be manifested in the forms of the occurrence of the plateau or the peak in the variation of cyclic peak stress with temperature, the negative temperature dependence of plastic strain amplitude or softening ratio, the negative strain rate sensitivity, and the negative strain rate dependence of plastic strain amplitude or softening ratio.

Hsiao, Vincent K. S., Yan-Cheng Lin, Hsi-Chin Wu, and Tair-I. Wu. "Surface Morphology and Human MG-63 Osteoblasic Cell Line Response of 316L Stainless Steel after Various Surface Treatments." Metals 13, no. 10 (October 13, 2023): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13101739.

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In this study, the effects of three distinct surface treatment techniques on 316L stainless steel were investigated: low-temperature immersion corrosion, shot peening followed by immersion corrosion, and electrochemical corrosion. These techniques were selected with a focus on their potential implications for biomedical implant applications, as research gaps persist in understanding the influence of these treatments. A comprehensive examination of surface alterations was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and α-step thin-film thickness profiling. Furthermore, human MG-63 osteoblastic cell line adhesion was evaluated using Liu’s stain and metallographic optical microscopy. Notable differences in cell-adhesion behavior based on the chosen surface treatment methods were observed. Specifically, weak cell adhesion was observed after low-temperature immersion and shot peening followed by immersion corrosion. In contrast, electrochemical corrosion, especially when conducted with a high current density and low corrosive-solution concentration, resulted in a uniformly corroded surface, which, in turn, promoted dense cell adhesion. Porous oxide layers were generated using all three techniques, but the efficacy of shot peening (applied at 1 kg/cm2 for 20 s) and electrochemical corrosion (using 0.5 M HCl) as promising processes were highlighted by our experimental results. Uniformly dense corrosion pits were produced through electrochemical corrosion, while semicircular grooves with small corrosion pits were the result of shot peening, both of which were found to be favorable for cell adhesion. The superior cell adhesion observed with electrochemical corrosion further emphasizes its suitability for biomedical applications.

Xie, Gan Lin, An He, Xiao Ya Yang, Hai Long Zhang, and Xi Tao Wang. "Arrhenius-Type Constitutive Model for 316LN Stainless Steel during Hot Deformation." Materials Science Forum 817 (April 2015): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.817.406.

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In this study, the hot deformation experiments of 316LN stainless steel under various deformation temperature and various strain rates were conducted on a Gleeble thermal simulator. The true stain and true stress data were obtained and the Arrhenius-type constitutive model was developed, which can be used to accurately predict the flow stress of the studied steel under certain deformation conditions.

LIU, KUN, PING YU, and SINDO KOU. "Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of Stainless Steels: New Test and Explanation." Welding Journal 99, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 255s—270s. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2020.99.024.

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The susceptibility of austenitic, ferritic, and duplex stain-less steels to solidification cracking was evaluated by the new Transverse Motion Weldability (TMW) test. The focus was on austenitic stainless steels. 304L and 316L were least susceptible, 321 was significantly more susceptible, and 310 was much more susceptible. However, some 321 welds were even less susceptible than 304L welds. These 321 welds were found to have much finer grains to better resist solidification cracking. Quenching 321 during welding revealed spontaneous grain refining could occur by heterogeneous nucleation. For 304L, 316L, and 310, a new explanation for the susceptibility was proposed based on the continuity of the liquid between columnar dendrites; a discontinuous, isolated liquid allows bonding between dendrites to occur early to better resist cracking. In 304L and 316L, the dendrite-boundary liquid was discontinuous and isolated, as revealed by quenching. The liquid was likely depleted by both fast back diffusion into -dendrites (body-centered cubic) and the L +  + reaction, which consumed L while forming . In 310, however, the dendrites were separated by a continuous liquid that prevented early bonding between them. Back diffusion into -dendrites (face-centered cubic) was much slower, and the L +  + reaction formed little . Quenching also revealed skeletal/lacy formed in 304L and 316L well after solidification ended; thus, skeletal/lacy did not resist solidification cracking, as had been widely believed for decades. The TMW test further demonstrated that both more sulfur and slower welding can increase susceptibility.

Fujikawa, Hisao. "Review of Several Studies on High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour and Mechanism of Austenitic Stainless Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 1097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.1097.

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Three studies on the oxidation behaviour of austenitic stainless steels were described in the present paper. (1) High temperature oxidation behaviour and its mechanism in austenitic stainless steels with high silicon: Sulfur contained as impurity in steel showed a harmful influence to the oxidation resistance of 19Cr-13Ni-3.5Si stainless steels. It was found that the abnormal oxidation was caused from the surroundings of MnS inclusions. (2) Effect of a small addition of yttrium on high temperature oxidation resistance of Si-containing austenitic stain less steels: The oxidation resistance of 19Cr-10Ni-1.5Si steels was improved remarkably even with only 0.01%Y addition, which is the same concentration as added for de-oxygenation. Y was enriched at the grain boundary of oxide scale and metal-oxide interface. It was suggested that Y-containing steels shoed good oxidation resistance, because the enriched Y at the grain boundary and metal-oxide interface prevented the diffusion of iron and oxygen ions through the oxide scale. (3) Effect of grain size on the oxidation behaviour of austenitic stainless steels: Type 304, 316 and 310 steels with finer grain size showed better oxidation resistance than those with coarser grain size at 850°C. The oxide scale of steels with coarser grain size easily spalled during the cooling process.

Wood, Paul, Tomasz Libura, Zbigniew L. Kowalewski, Gavin Williams, and Ahmad Serjouei. "Influences of Horizontal and Vertical Build Orientations and Post-Fabrication Processes on the Fatigue Behavior of Stainless Steel 316L Produced by Selective Laser Melting." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 14, 2019): 4203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244203.

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In this paper, the influences of build orientation and post-fabrication processes, including stress-relief, machining, and shot-peening, on the fatigue behavior of stainless steel (SS) 316L manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM) are studied. It was found that horizontally-built (XY) and machined (M) test pieces, which had not been previously studied in the literature, in both stress-relieved (SR) or non-stress-relieved (NSR) conditions show superior fatigue behavior compared to vertically-built (ZX) and conventionally-manufactured SS 316L. The XY, M, and SR (XY-M-SR) test pieces displayed fatigue behavior similar to the XY-M-NSR test pieces, implying that SR does not have a considerable effect on the fatigue behavior of XY and M test pieces. ZX-M-SR test pieces, due to their considerably lower ductility, exhibited significantly larger scatter and a lower fatigue strength compared to ZX-M-NSR samples. Shot-peening (SP) displayed a positive effect on improving the fatigue behavior of the ZX-NSR test pieces due to a compressive stress of 58 MPa induced on the surface of the test pieces. Fractography of the tensile and fatigue test pieces revealed a deeper understanding of the relationships between the process parameters, microstructure, and mechanical properties for SS 316L produced by laser systems. For example, fish-eye fracture pattern or spherical stair features were not previously observed or explained for cyclically-loaded SLM-printed parts in the literature. This study provides comprehensive insight into the anisotropy of the static and fatigue properties of SLM-printed parts, as well as the pre- and post-fabrication parameters that can be employed to improve the fatigue behavior of steel alloys manufactured using laser systems.

Wang, Xu Yue, H. R. Guo, Wen Ji Xu, Dong Ming Guo, and L. J. Wang. "Laser Cladding of a Ramp Thin Wall with a Variable." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.419.

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To reduce stair-step effect when layered forming samples using 2.5D slices, a geometric model with variable thickness slices was developed. Experiments were performed with varying of powder feed rate. Relationships between geometrical precision of samples formed by laser clad forming (LCF) and a variable of powder feed rate were investigated. While the variation of powder feed rate with a calculated step was approximately continuous, clad layers with height increasing approximately linearly along clad length were achieved. Clad height increased from 0.05 to 0.39 mm with powder feed rate varying from 0.5 to 2.5 g/min. Scanning paths were planned by simulating forming process of the ramp through Matlab program. Using the scanning path, a relatively smooth ramp thin wall of 316L stainless steel was formed with a slope angle 3.37° by the experimental validation.

Unal, Engin, and Faruk Karaca. "Effect of turning parameters of AISI 316 stainless steel on temperature and cutting forces with finite element model." Thermal Science 26, Spec. issue 1 (2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci22s1061u.

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Stainless steel materials are widely used in many industries today. Most of these materials are machined by turning. Modeling the temperature in the metal cut-ting process is a crucial step in understanding and analyzing the metal cutting process. However, when turning parameters are not chosen carefully, the integrity of the material deteriorates and the desired machining quality cannot be achieved. In this study, the effects of turning parameters on cutting temperature and force were investigated. Cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut were used as variable parameters for temperature and force analysis. Numerical analyzes were performed in ANSYS Workbench in accordance with the boundary conditions. Therefore, temperature distribution and cutting force were evaluated. As the control parameters increase, both the temperature and the cutting force increase. As a result, it can be considered that AISI 316 is the best choice for stain-less steel alloy, since the minimum cutting speed, feed rate and minimum depth of cut conditions reduce the temperature formed in the cutting tool.

Karatas, Çetin, Adnan Sözen, Erol Arcaklioglu, and Sami Erguney. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Mouldability for Feedstocks Used in Powder Injection Moulding." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2007 (2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/85150.

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Experimental and theoretical analyses of mouldability for feedstocks used in powder injection moulding are performed. This study covers two main analyses. (i)The experimental analysis: the barrel temperature, injection pressure, and flow rate are factors for powder injection moulding (PIM). Powder-binder mixture used as feedstock in PIM requires a little more attention and sensitivity. Obtaining the balance among pressure, temperature, and especially flow rate is the most important aspect of undesirable conclusions such as powder-binder separation, sink marks, and cracks in moulded party structure. In this study, available feedstocks used in PIM were injected in three different cavities which consist of zigzag form, constant cross-section, and stair form (in five different thicknesses) and their mouldability is measured. Because of the difference between material and binder, measured lengths were different. These were measured as 533 mm, 268 mm, 211 mm, and 150 mm in advanced materials trade marks Fe–2Ni, BASF firm Catamould A0-F, FN02, and 316L stainless steel, respectively. (ii)The theoretical analysis: the use of artificial neural network (ANN) has been proposed to determine the mouldability for feedstocks used in powder injection moulding using results of experimental analysis. The back-propagation learning algorithm with two different variants and logistic sigmoid transfer function were used in the network. In order to train the neural network, limited experimental measurements were used as training and test data. The best fitting training data set was obtained with three and four neurons in the hidden layer, which made it possible to predict yield length with accuracy at least as good as that of the experimental error, over the whole experimental range. After training, it was found that theR2values are 0.999463, 0.999445, 0.999574, and 0.999593 for Fe–2Ni, BASF firm Catamould A0-F, FN02, and 316L stainless steel, respectively. Similarly, these values for testing data are 0.999129, 0.999666, 0.998612, and 0.997512, respectively. As seen from the results of mathematical modeling, the calculated yield lengths are obviously within acceptable uncertainties.

Дисертації з теми "Stain steel 316L":

Moturu, Shanmukha Rao. "Characterization of residual stress and plastic strain in austenitic stainless steel 316L(N) weldments." Thesis, Open University, 2015. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54875/.

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Fusion welding processes commonly involve the localized input of intense heat, melting of dissimilar materials and the deposition of molten filler metal. The surrounding material undergoes complex thermo-mechanical cycles involving elastic and plastic deformation. This processing history creates large residual stress in and around the weld bead, which can be particularly detrimental in reducing the lifetime of fabricated structures, increasing their susceptibility to stress corrosion, fatigue and creep crack growth as well as reducing the fracture load. It is very important to have. a proper knowledge of the residual stress distribution in and around the weld region of structured components because knowing this allows their fitness to be assessed and the service life of critical components to be predicted. Characterizing weld residual stress fields either by measurement or finite element simulation is not straightforward because of the strain field complexity, inhomogeneity of the microstructure and the complex geometry of structural weldments. The residual stress distribution in a slot weld benchmark sample made from AISI 3 16L(N) austenitic stainless steel was analysed using the neutron diffraction at pulsed source. The presence of crevices and hydrogen containing super glue in the stress-free cuboids are some of the main issues effecting the neutron residual stress measurements. A residual stress of 400-450MPa was observed in first pass weld metal and in the HAZ of a three pass welded plate. The strain hardening behaviour of AISI 316L(N) steel around the slot weld was studied taking account of the asymmetric cyclic deformation and the typical strain rates experienced; inferences are drawn regarding how such effects should be modelled in finite element weld residual stress computations. The solution annealed material was tested under symmetric and asymmetric cyclic loading at both room and 550°C. During asymmetric cyclic loading, the 316L (N) material at room and high temperature was less strain hardened than in the same number of cycles of symmetric cyclic loading. At room temperature; the 316L (N) material deformed at fast strain rate showed higher strain hardening than at the slow strain rate. However, at high temperature (550°C); the 316L (N) material deformed at slow strain rate showed higher strain hardening than at the fast strain rate due to dynamic strain ageing. A mixed hardening model was to predict the strain hardening of the 316L (N) material at room and high temperature (550°C). However, the published mix~d hardening parameters were unsuccessful in predicting the strain hardening of the symmetric cyclic deformation at high temperature. Finally, the accumulated cyclic plastic strain resulting from the addition of each weld bead was studied using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and hardness measurements. The EBSD metrics showed a gradual increase of plastic strain and equivalent yield stress from the parent zone (approximately 0.02) to the fusion boundary (approximately 0.05-0.09). Although, in strain controlled cyclic loading, none of the EBSD metrics used were capable of assessing the plastic strain, below 58% cumulative plastic strain path. The quantified plastic strain (from the EBSD) and hardness analysis of the parent material indicates that the material deformed plastically. The EBSD derived plastic strain and equivalent yield stress correlate well with hardness, finite element prediction and von Mises equivalent residual stress.

Wheatley, H. Gregory. "Influence of tensile overload on crack growth in 316L stainless-steel - including high strain & low stress interactions in 316l stainless steel, mild steel and aluminium alloy 6060-T5." Thesis, 2001. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/58767/1/PhD%20thesis%20GW.pdf.

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The fatigue crack growth behaviour of 316L stainless steel (Batch A} following a tensile overload has been observed. Micrographs and compliance measurements have also been taken. Results indicated that strain hardening may be the primary contributor toward retardation of crack growth. High strain - low stress interactions were observed in 316L stainless steel (Batch B and C), mild steel (C1020 and AS1214) and aluminium alloy (6060-T5). This was done as plasticity-induced crack closure is largely removed by using tensile specimens. Pre-training of 316L (Batch B) by low cycle fatigue (LCF) showed an increase in the fatigue life while pre-training of 316L (Batch C) showed a retardation of fatigue crack initiation and growth. Pre-training of the other materials showed little effect or a decrease in the fatigue life. The conclusions of this thesis are as follows: 1. Fatigue crack growth occurs by a process of damage accumulation in the material in front of the crack tip. 2. Tensile overload creates a plastic deformation zone ahead of the crack tip. The material within this zone is strain hardened and also causes plasticity-induced crack closure (PICC). It has been found that retardation of post-overload fatigue crack growth is mainly a result of the increased fatigue resistance of the· strain-hardened material within the overload plastic zone. 3. A tensile overload enhances the fatigue damage ahead of the crack tip.· This results in a transient acceleration in the fatigue crack growth following overload. 4. 316L Stainless Steel (Batch B} displayed ail enhancement of fatigue life with LCF · pre-training. Crack initiation and propagation was retarded in 316L (Batch C) by similar LCF pre-training. This behaviour was not observed in mild steel (C1020 and AS1214) or aluminium alloy (6060-T5). A martensitic strain induced transformation was found to be not responsible for the observed behaviour of 316L (Batch B). It is suggested that this behaviour supports the findings of fatigue crack growth experiments of 316L stainless steel (Batch A), i.e. that strain hardening is primarily responsible for fatigue crack growth retardation following tensile overload.

Zong-YunLi and 李宗運. "Effects of Strain Rate and Temperature on the Dynamic Shear Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of 316L Stainless Steel." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35621818012829003456.

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碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
98
The dynamic shear deformation behaviour and fracture characteristics of 316L stainless steel are investigated by using a split-Hopkinson torsional bar system. Shear deformation is conducted at temperatures of -150℃, 25℃ and 300℃ under strain rates ranging from 1×103s-1 to 3×103s-1, respectively.The experimental results indicate that the shear flow response is found to be sensitive to the strain, strain rate and temperature. The flow stress, fracture strain, work hardening rate, yielding strength, work hardening coefficient, strain rate sensitivity all increase with the increasing strain rate for a fixed temperature, but decrease with the increasing temperature under a constant strain rate. The inverse tendency is observed for activation energy. The observed high strain rate shear deformation behaviour of 316L stainless steel can be described using the Kobayashi and Dodd constitutive equation. From the SEM observations, it is found that the fracture surfaces are characterized by a dimple-like structure, which is indicative of a ductile failure mode. The morphology and the density of these dimples are influenced greatly by strain rate and temperature conditions. Optical microscopy observations reveal that grain of the fracture surfaces are twisted into band-like features. The microhardness of these shear bands increases with the strain rate, but decreases with the temperature as a result of different work hardening effects.

Ku, Ming-Sheng, and 古明昇. "Effect of Temperature and Strain Rate on Plastic Deformation of 316 Stainless Steel." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58435772601840795730.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
89
The AISI 316 stainless steel is adopted as the specimen material in this study, exploring the influence of temperature and strain rate on flow stress. The temperature range is from room temperature to 800℃ and the strain rate range is from 0.001 to 500 . Using a Material Testing System, we conduct uniaxial-compression tests to obtain the stress-strain curves for this alloy. The experiment results exhibites that the trend of the flow stresses depends on the effects of work-hardening and work-softening. The interaction of dislocations is the major mechanism of work-harding. Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization are the primary mechanisms of work-softening. The flow stress decreases as the temperature increases . When the temperature reaches the temperature of recrystallization, the flow stress decreases rapidly,showing that recrystallization has great influence on work-softening. At room temperature , the phenomenon of work-hardening is obvious. However, when the test temperature is rises , the phenomenon of work-hardening decreases gradually. At temperatures lower than the recrystallization temperature of this alloy , yield stress and flow stress increase with applying strain rate increasing. At temperatures higher than the recrystallization temperature , the strain rate effect is not obvious. It is probable that high strain rate deformation results in a great quantity of heat transformed from plastic work in a nearly adiabatic condition. Consequently, the specimen encounters a temperature rise. Therefore, the effect of dynamic recovery is enhanced by the increase of temperature. Work-hardening effect becomes less serious and the flow stress curves become descendant. In high strain rate tests, locallization of the material properties dominates over the other phenomenon. Shear bands are found in the deformed specimens. The grains that near shear bands deform severely, and the shapes of those grains become elongated parallel to the shear bands.

Liao, Lin-wei, and 廖麟偉. "Mean Strain Effects on Cyclic Response and Fatigue Life Prediction for SUS 316 Stainless Steel." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41546591386819510210.

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碩士
國立嘉義大學
生物機電工程學系研究所
99
Applying on the actual engineering project, components are usually subjected to a non-symmetric cyclic stress/strain load. Therefore, this study will examine a main purpose which is mean stress/strain effects on cyclic behavior and fatigue life for 316 Stainless Steel. In this experiment, specimens were subjected to a monotonic tension test and three kinds of cyclic strain load tests, in which, cyclic strain load tests includes fully reversed fatigue test, mean strain 1%fatigue test, and strain ratio 0.5 fatigue test. The experimental result showed that no significant mean stress been found in fully reversed fatigue test. It's easier to produce mean stresses when material subjected to large mean strain and small strain amplitude at the same time, hence reduces the fatigue life. By the damage parameters SWT, and stable strain energy density in tension condition, to estimate the fatigue life, and add a text to judge whether experimental results fit in with Massing's hypothesis. If it does fit, the stable hysteresis loop can be estimated by the double cyclic stress-strain curve. Unfortunately, the result only by the strain ratio 0.5 fatigue test fits Massing's hypothesis. After getting the prediction of fatigue life, in order to confirm the ability of prediction, a value, was obtained by a simple statistical analysis. Finally, result shows that the damage parameter provides a best estimate of fatigue life in this study.

Chiou, Yung-Chuan, and 邱永川. "Effects of Mean Strain on Cyclic and Fatigue Behavior of AISI 316 and 304 Stainless Steels." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73472251118218403173.

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博士
國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
92
In this study, author would devote to the effect of the superimposed mean strain on fatigue life and cyclic stress-strain curves. Hence, a series of the strain-controlled cyclic loading experiments with several combinations of strain amplitudes and mean strains have been performed on closed-loop servohydraulic test machines for AISI 316 and 304 stainless steels. In the cyclic stress/strain behavior, a modified expression that describes/predicts the cyclic stress/strain curve under an applied mean strain is developed. Using the modified expression, the effects of superimposed mean strain on the cyclic stress-strain curve can be examined by comparing two descriptive parameters. Furthermore, both of the usual description and the modified expression are identical for cyclic stress-strain curve obtained from completely reversed fatigue test. The damage parameters corresponding to the Smith, Watson and Topper criterion can be extracted from the modified cyclic stress-strain curve (CSSC) expression to predict the fatigue life with mean stress/strain. In addition, based on the two given hypotheses in this study, a simply approach is derived for the determination of the stable mean stress that occurs in strain-controlled tests with an imposed mean strain. The evaluated stable mean stress is applied to fatigue life prediction based on the Morrow mean stress parameter. In theoretical analysis, the whole study of this paper is made in the framework of endochronic theory of plasticity with yield surface. Based on the hypothesis that the stable hysteresis loop exhibits symmetric behavior with respect to the coordinate , an analytical expression is proposed to describe the basic cyclic stress-strain curve obtained from completely reversed constant strain amplitude. And the same time, a set of algebraic equations is developed to express the stress-strain behavior for the tensile branch curve of stable hysteresis loop with a specific mean strain level. Furthermore, according to the symmetric hypothesis, the stable hysteresis loop with a specific mean strain level can be developed. Based on the experimental observation for the stable hysteresis loop with superimposed mean strain, from a viewpoint of the movement of stable hysteresis loop, author explains the effect s of the superimposed mean stress or strain on the fatigue and the cyclic stress-strain curves. And the phenomenon is found that only the plastic strain energy in the tensile part has the obvious effect on fatigue life. According to the observed phenomenon, author assumes that fatigue life is influenced by the magnitude of plastic strain energy in the tensile part. Under the explanation, a new fatigue damaged parameter that takes account of effects of superimposed mean stress/ strain on fatigue life is developed. In the low cyclic fatigue regime, the fatigue parameter based on the plastic strain energy in the tensile part can be applied to predict the fatigue life with superimposed mean stress/ strain. In this study, some important phenomenon concerned the effects of superimposed mean strain on the stable stress-strain behavior are observed and analyzed. And those proposed methods are examined in relation to the stable mean stress evaluation and the two proposed stress-strain correlations based on the endochronic theory of plasticity with yield surface. For AISI 316 and 304 stainless steels, the proposed hypotheses for stable hysteresis loop are acceptable by the experimental observation. Under the condition, the experimental results show the data generated by proposed formulation concerned the stable mean stress is in qualitative agreement with experimental data. Subsequently, a series of experiments for AISI 316/ 304 stainless steels and test data of 1070 Al Alloy have been performed to confirm the validity of the two developed stress-strain correlations. It has been shown that the developed correlations are capable of describing the experimental results of three different metals considered. Furthermore, in prediction of fatigue life with superimposed mean strain, a satisfactory result based on the damaged fatigue parameter of is shown. It is worthy noting that the curve can be directly obtained by modified the standard curve from fully reversed fatigue tests since the magnitude of is equal to a half of the magnitude of .

Astudillo, Joel Luan de Racskai Robert. "Manufacture and viability assessment of a composite Ti/HAp coating for replacement of single HAp layers on stain-less steel type 316 medical implant spinal screws." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/73718.

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Current medical implant spinal screws rely on a thin Hydroxyapatite layer to im-prove bone-implant fixation, however this coating presents weak mechanical strength performance. Recent advances in materials science research have explored the production of composite coating for the use in medical implant coatings industry. This new field of composite engineering approaches, enabled a promising cheaper and improved alter-native to current production methods using solely Hydroxyapatite. CERAMED S.A. in-terest on developing new upgraded and cheaper Atmospheric Plasma Spray coatings culminated on this work where it was manufactured by Turbula mixing a composite pow-der for J3 at 101 RPM, using known at the time of this study available commercial pow-ders of Titanium and Hydroxyapatite of size range [5-200] and [15-200] μm respectively and density 4,522 and 3,148 g/cm3 respectively. This composite powder is used trough an Atmospheric Plasma Spray system to transform it into a coating hard coating for spe-cific use in stainless steel type 316 implant spinal screws. Based on previous literature and available equipment and materials at CERAMED S.A. facilities, an Atmospheric Plasma Spray program 1 was created. A preliminary study using, pre-selected primary parameters was made to understand the direct influence of Atmospheric Plasma spray system parameters, on coating properties like thickness, pull-out strength, coating crys-tallinity and roughness. The coating showed good results on pull out strength on trough a wide set of ranges showing an improved adhesion strength compared to Hydroxyap-atite, however crystallinity presented results under the required for commercial usage. Using 4 main primary Plasma Spray system factors (Nozzle Distance, Plasma Power, Primary Gas Flow and Secondary Gas Flow), a Design of experiments using 2 best lev-els within the range. By using a full factorial study design of experiences an analysis of variance was performed and the best set of levels for each factor was calculated. Pre-dicted range of results showed to be close to standard requirements but not in compli-ance, between [34,16- 39,66] % of crystallinity. A confirmation experience was per-formed using the best levels for crystallinity with a value of 34,31% and adhesion strength of the coating showed a value of 18,89 ± 3,76 MPa, considerably above the values for single HAp.

Частини книг з теми "Stain steel 316L":

Kim, C. S., Il Ho Kim, Ik Keun Park, and C. Y. Hyun. "Quantitative Evaluation of Strain Induced Martensite in STS 316L Stainless Steel." In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology, 677–80. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.677.

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Mishra, S. K., P. Pant K. Narasimhan, and I. Samajdar. "Effect of Strain and Strain Path on Deformation Twinning and Strain Induced Martensite in AlSl 316L and 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 257–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470444191.ch28.

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Ku, Angela Y., and Bo Song. "Temperature- and Strain-Rate-Dependent Mechanical Response of a 316 Stainless Steel." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 51–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17453-7_8.

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Albertini, Carlo, Angelo Del Grande, and Mario Montagnani. "Mechanical Properties at High Strain Rate of AISI Type 316L Stainless Steel Irradiated to 9.2 dpa." In Effects of Radiation on Materials: 12th International Symposium Volume II, 783–94. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp87019850017.

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Herrera-Solaz, V., L. Patriarca, J. Segurado, and M. Niffenegger. "Microstructure-Based Modelling and Digital Image Correlation Measurement of (Residual) Strain Fields in Austenitic Stainless Steel 316L During Tension Loading." In Structural Integrity, 313–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91989-8_66.

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"Treatment of Multiaxial Loading." In Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures, 155–72. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.fdmht.t52060155.

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Abstract This chapter addresses the question of how to deal with multiaxial stresses and strains when using the strain-range partitioning method to analyze the effects of creep fatigue. It is divided into three sections: a general discussion on the rationale used in formulating rules for treating multiaxiality, a concise listing of the rules, and an example problem in which axial creep-fatigue data is used to predict the torsional creep-fatigue life of type 304 and 316 stainless steel. The chapter also includes a brief introduction in which the authors outline the challenges presented by multiaxial loading and set practical limits on the problem they intend to treat.

Blanc, D., and J. L. Strudel. "Dynamic Strain Ageing and Relaxation in 316 Type Stainless Steel." In Strength of Metals and Alloys (ICSMA 7), 349–54. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-031642-0.50065-9.

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Ehrnsten, U., M. Ivanchenko, A. Toivonen, Y. Yagozinskyy, V. Nevdacha, and H. Hanninen. "Dynamic strain ageing of deformed nitrogen-alloyed AISI 316 stainless steels." In Corrosion Issues in Light Water Reactors. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439824085.ch8.

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Ehrnstén, U., A. Toivonen, M. Ivanchenko, V. Nevdacha, Y. Yagozinskyy, and H. Hänninen. "Dynamic strain ageing of deformed nitrogen-alloyed AISI 316 stainless steels." In Corrosion Issues in Light Water Reactors, 103–18. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845693466.2.103.

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"conversion, 137-140 Extensometers, 188-189 multiplexing, 137,148-149 processing, 150-151 quantization, 139-140 Dead band, 108 Feather, 9-10 flatness, 578-587, 776-779 Filter, 137-138, 149-150 floating, 275-277 cut-off frequency, 149-150 Decibels, 223-224 pass band, 149-150 Discrimination, 108 stop band, 149-150 Distribution, normal, 77-78 Finite element analysis, 415-416, 461-473, Dog bone 479-480, 529-534 rolling, 441-442 Fish tail, 15-16,340-346, 406,430 shape, 12-13, 328-333 Flatness Doppler sensors, 117-119,134-135 error, 93 Drift, 108 performance, 93 Drives, 214-215 Flowmeters, 117 Frequency E break, 241 crossover, 241 Edge Friction, 218 cross-sectional static, 109 profile, 315-316 Fuzzy inference method, 798-799 shape, 13-14,347-349 drop, 9-10, 638-640, 736, 779,782-783 overlap, 413 thinning ratio, 610-612 Gages Edgers, 356-362,429-436 strain, 127 Edging thickness, 175-180 combined, 179-180 by rolling, 315-350 capability, 358 isotope, 177-180 efficiency, 333-334, 337-338, 387-389 optical, 176-177 practice, 360-367 profile, 749-750 rolls, 334-340,349, 358, 360, 401-402, 410 X-ray, 178-180, 747-748 Errors Gauge analysis of, 112 change, flying, 169-171 band, 109 control data transmission, 151-152 adaptive threading, 215-216 compensation, 169,218-219 illegitimate, 151-154 legitimate, 151 deviation, 199-200 position, 225, 239-241 differential, 197-198 propagation of, 112-113 dynamic, 212 random, 112 feedback, 197,199,212 feedforward, 199-200,208, 212, 215-217, signal conditioning, 151 278-281 recovery, 151-152 flow-stress feedforward, 208-209 high/low frequency, 212 sampling, 154-155 sensing, 151 in-gap, 278 mass flow, 211-212 systematic, 112." In High-Quality Steel Rolling, 824–30. CRC Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781466564640-187.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Stain steel 316L":

Paffumi, Elena, Karl-Fredrik Nilsson, and Nigel Taylor. "Analysis of the Thermal Fatigue Cracking of 316L Model Pipe Components Under Cyclic Down-Shocks." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71738.

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Cylindrical test pieces of low-carbon austenitic steel 316L are subjected to cyclic thermal loads in a specially designed rig. Intermittent stops allowed measurement of cycles to initiation and of the propagation of the networks of axial and circumferential cracks. These results have been used to validate an analysis procedure, based on a sequentially coupled thermal-stress finite element analysis. It is found that the initiation life can be reliably predicted from the stain range at the inner surface, while a simplified semi-elliptical crack model best described the subsequent crack growth.

Morton, Dana K., Spencer D. Snow, Tom E. Rahl, and Robert K. Blandford. "Impact Testing of Stainless Steel Material at Room and Elevated Temperatures." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26182.

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Stainless steels are used for the construction of numerous spent nuclear fuel or radioactive material containers that may be subjected to high strains and moderate strain rates during accidental drop events. Mechanical characteristics of these base materials and their welds under dynamic loads in the strain rate range of concern are not well documented. However, three previous papers [1, 2, 3] reported on impact testing and analysis results performed at the Idaho National Laboratory using 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steel base material specimens that began the investigation of these characteristics. The goal of the work presented herein is to add the results of additional tensile impact testing for dual-marked 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steel material specimens (hereafter referred to as 304L and 316L, respectively). Utilizing a drop-weight impact test machine and 1/4-inch to 1/2-inch thick dog-bone shaped test specimens, additional impact tests achieved target strain rates of 5, 10, and 22 per second at room temperature, 300, and 600 degrees Fahrenheit. Elevated true stress-strain curves for these materials at each designated strain rate and temperature are presented herein.

Morton, Dana K., Robert K. Blandford, and Spencer D. Snow. "Impact Testing of Stainless Steel Material at Cold Temperatures." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61215.

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Stainless steels are used for the construction of numerous spent nuclear fuel or radioactive material containers that may be subjected to high strains and moderate strain rates during accidental drop events. Mechanical characteristics of these base materials and their welds under dynamic loads in the strain rate range of concern are not well documented. However, a previous paper [1] reported on impact testing and analysis results performed at the Idaho National Laboratory using 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steel base material specimens at room and elevated temperatures. The goal of the work presented herein is to add recently completed impact tensile testing results at −20°F conditions for dual-marked 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steel material specimens (hereafter referred to as 304L and 316L, respectively). Recently completed welded material impact testing at −20°F, room, 300°F, and 600°F is also reported. Utilizing a drop-weight impact test machine and 1/4-inch to 1/2-inch thick dog-bone shaped test specimens, the impact tests achieved strain rates in the 4 to 40 per second range, depending upon the material temperature. Elevated true stress-strain curves for these materials reflecting varying strain rates and temperatures are presented herein.

Akinci, Necip Onder, and Kenneth Jaquay. "A Strain Based Failure Criterion for Stainless Steel 316L." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54614.

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This study presents a proposed failure criterion for evaluation of stainless steel 316L plates subjected to multiaxial stresses. Effects of membrane and bending stresses are investigated. The experimental data used in the development of the failure criterion is based on 316L forming limit diagram. Strains obtained from the forming limit diagram are used for calculation of stresses and triaxiality factors. The proposed failure criterion is compared with those available in the literature. Effects of bending stresses on the ductility of 316L plates are discussed.

Morgan, Michael J. "Effect of Hydrogen Isotopes on the Fracture Toughness Properties of Types 316L and 304L Stainless Steel Forgings." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93702.

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Abstract Forged stainless steels are commonly used for the containment of hydrogen isotopes and fracture toughness properties are needed for structural integrity assessments. In this study, the effects of hydrogen and tritium precharging on the fracture-toughness properties of Types 316L and 304L stainless steel forgings were measured. The purpose of the study was to evaluate hydrogen and tritium effects on fracture toughness properties of: (1) Type 316 stainless steel stem-shaped and cup shaped forgings; and (2) Type 304L cylindrical block forgings with two different yield strengths. Arc-shaped fracture toughness specimens were cut from the forgings and precharged by exposing the specimens to hydrogen or tritium gas at 623K and 34.5 MPa. Tritium precharged specimens were aged at 193 K for 45 months prior to testing to build-in helium-3 from tritium decay. In the as-received condition, the J-Integral fracture toughness of the stem, cup, and block forgings were very high and exceeded 1200 kJ/m2 on average. The fracture toughness of specimens cut from the low yield strength Type 304L stainless steel block forging had the highest fracture toughness values and Type 316L stainless steel cup forging had the lowest. The reduced fracture toughness values were attributed to the large strain required to produce the cup forging and its high yield strength. Hydrogen precharging reduced the fracture toughness of the stem, cup, and block forgings to values between 34%–51% of a baseline value which was taken to be the fracture toughness value of the low yield strength block forging. Tritium precharging reduced the fracture-toughness values more than hydrogen precharging because of the effects of helium from radioactive decay of tritium. The fracture-toughness properties of tritium-precharged forgings ranged from 12% to 23% of the baseline values. In general, Type 316L stainless steel was more resistant to toughness reductions by hydrogen or tritium (and decay helium) than Type 304L stainless steel. Yield strength had only minor effects on fracture toughness for the precharged steels.

Matsuoka, Saburo, Junichiro Yamabe, and Hisao Matsunaga. "Mechanism of Hydrogen-Assisted Surface Crack Growth of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Slow Strain Rate Tensile Test." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63394.

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Several criteria based on reduction in area (RA) or relative RA (RRA) are proposed for determining the hydrogen compatibility of austenitic stainless steels; however, the mechanism of hydrogen-induced degradation in RA and RRA is not necessarily clear. The degradation in the RA and RRA of the austenitic stainless steels is attributed to hydrogen-assisted surface crack growth (HASCG) accompanied by quasi-cleavages; therefore, a mechanism of the HASCG should be elucidated to establish novel criteria for authorizing various austenitic stainless steels for use in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. To elucidate the HASCG mechanism, this study performed slow strain rate tensile (SSRT), elasto-plastic fracture toughness (JIC), fatigue crack growth (FCG) and fatigue life tests on Types 304, 316 and 316L in high-pressure hydrogen gas. Experimental results of Type 304 were provided in this paper as a representative of Types 304, 316 and 316L. The results demonstrated that the SSRT surface crack grew via the same mechanism as for the JIC and fatigue cracks, i.e., these crack growths could be uniformly explained on the basis of the hydrogen-induced successive crack growth (HISCG) model, which considers that cracks successively grow with a sharp shape under the loading process, due to local slip deformations near the crack tip by hydrogen. Accordingly, the HIS crack is ductile, not brittle.

Takai, Kenichi, and Megumi Kitamura. "Hydrogen Dragging by Moving Dislocation and Enhanced Lattice Defect Formation in 316L and 304 Stainless Steels." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97231.

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Little is known about an enhanced lattice defect formation due to an interaction between hydrogen and dislocation in face-centered cubic (fcc) metals such as stainless steels. In the present study, hydrogen spectra evolved from Type 316L and 304 stainless steels during elastic and plastic deformation were detected using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The amount of lattice defect enhanced by hydrogen and strain was measured using thermal desorption analysis. For 316L stainless steel, hydrogen desorption increased rapidly when plastic deformation began, since the dislocation dragged hydrogen to the surface of the specimen. In contrast, hydrogen desorption increased with applying strain for 304 stainless steel, because of phase transformation from austenite into martensite with larger hydrogen diffusivity. And the amount of desorbed hydrogen increased with decreasing strain rate. These results indicate that dislocation can drag and transport large amounts of hydrogen when the dislocation velocity approaches the hydrogen diffusion rate. The amount of lattice defects in stainless steels was enhanced by hydrogen and applied strain. The most probable reason for the increase in the amount of lattice defects can be ascribed to the increase in the amount of vacancy clusters. These findings lead to the conclusion that the interaction between dislocation and hydrogen enhances the formation of vacancy clusters, as a result, causes hydrogen embrittlement.

Stefanescu, D., J. Marrow, M. Preuss, and A. Sherry. "Controlled Initiation of Short Fatigue Cracks in 316L Steel." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71298.

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Validation of models for short crack behavior requires accurate measurement of crack opening displacement and crack tip strain fields. Development of reliable measurement procedures, using new techniques such as Image Correlation (IC), requires specimens containing cracks with a well defined geometry. In this paper, results of an experimental study concerning controlled initiation of short fatigue cracks at positive R-ratio in laboratory specimens made from 316L stainless steel are presented. Experimental techniques, including hardness testing and X-ray diffraction were employed in order to investigate the effect of surface preparation on the surface mechanical properties and residual stresses. Crack nucleation is difficult in smooth specimens of 316L austenitic stainless steel at positive R-ratio due to the high fatigue limit and low tensile strength. Specimens with a thin ligament were therefore developed to enable nucleation of a single short fatigue crack. An experimental study of the crack growth aspect ratio evolution was then carried out using a beach marking technique. The technique described in this paper enables single short fatigue cracks of well defined geometry to be nucleated under tensile cyclic loading. Stress corrosion cracks can be developed using the same specimen geometry. Miniature tensile specimens can then be extracted to perform in-situ measurements of the crack opening displacement and crack tip strain field by Image Correlation from Scanning Electron Microscopy observations.

Blandford, R. K., D. K. Morton, S. D. Snow, and T. E. Rahl. "Tensile Stress-Strain Results for 304L and 316L Stainless Steel Plate at Temperature." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26096.

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The Idaho National Laboratory is conducting moderate strain rate (5 to 200 per second) research on stainless steel materials in support of the Department of Energy’s National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program. For this research, strain rate effects are characterized by comparison to quasi-static tensile test results. Considerable tensile testing has been conducted resulting in the generation of a large amount of basic material data expressed as engineering and true stress-strain curves. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of quasi-static tensile testing of 304L and 316L stainless steels in order to add to the existing data pool for these materials and make the data more readily available to other researchers, engineers, and interested parties. Standard tensile testing of round specimens in accordance with ASTM procedure A 370-03a was conducted on 304L and 316L stainless steel plate materials at temperatures ranging from −20°F to 600°F. Two plate thicknesses, eight material heats, and both base and weld metal were tested. Material yield strength, ultimate strength, ultimate strain, fracture strength, fracture strain and reduction in area were determined. Engineering and true stress-strain curves to failure were developed and comparisons to ASME Code minimums were made. The procedures used during testing and the typical results obtained are presented in this paper.

Blandford, R. K., D. K. Morton, T. E. Rahl, and S. D. Snow. "Impact Testing of Stainless Steel Materials." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71133.

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Stainless steels are used for the construction of numerous spent nuclear fuel or radioactive material containers that may be subjected to high strains and moderate strain rates (10 to 200 per second) during accidental drop events. Mechanical characteristics of these materials under dynamic (impact) loads in the strain rate range of concern are not well documented. The goal of the work presented in this paper was to improve understanding of moderate strain rate phenomena on these materials. Utilizing a drop-weight impact test machine and relatively large test specimens (1/2-inch thick), initial test efforts focused on the tensile behavior of specific stainless steel materials during impact loading. Impact tests of 304L and 316L stainless steel test specimens at two different strain rates, 25 per second (304L and 316L material) and 50 per second (304L material) were performed for comparison to their quasi-static tensile test properties. Elevated strain rate stress-strain curves for the two materials were determined using the impact test machine and a “total impact energy” approach. This approach considered the deformation energy required to strain the specimens at a given strain rate. The material data developed was then utilized in analytical simulations to validate the final elevated stress-strain curves. The procedures used during testing and the results obtained are described in this paper.