Статті в журналах з теми "Stage Guild"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Stage Guild.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Stage Guild".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Sedlock, Jodi L., Alexander M. Stuart, Finbarr G. Horgan, Buyung Hadi, Angela Como Jacobson, Phillip A. Alviola, and James D. V. Alvarez. "Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines." Diversity 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-flying insectivorous bats, as wide-ranging generalist insectivores, are valuable consumers of high-altitude migrating pests of rice in Southeast Asia. Here, we documented the behavior of relatively low-flying bats over irrigated rice to elucidate their potential role as predators of rice-associated pest insects in the Philippines. Specifically, we tested the local-scale effects of rice stage, particularly seedling and late vegetative stages, and time of night on acoustic activity of bats foraging near ground level within three functional guilds (based on foraging distance from background clutter). We also monitored bat activity from two 50 m-high towers to assess the vertical extent of relatively low-flying guilds, as well as document high-flying bat guild presence and temporal behavior. At ground level, the most active guild biased their activity and feeding over early growth stage fields, but also foraged at tower level. Activity of the bat guild adept at foraging closest to vegetation did not vary with time of night or rice stage and was absent from tower recordings. High-flying bats were predictably rare at rice level, but exhibited high foraging intensity at 50 m. Given the well-documented, sequential arrival of insect guilds with growth stage, these data suggest that at ground level edge-space bats may be important consumers of detritivores (e.g., mosquitoes). Moreover, our data suggest that just as habitat heterogeneity enhances the services of arthropod predators, these management practices also enhance bat activity and, presumably, their contribution to pest suppression.
2
Van Valkenburgh, Blaire. "Locomotor diversity within past and present guilds of large predatory mammals." Paleobiology 11, no. 4 (1985): 406–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300011702.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The impact of environment, interspecific competition, and, to a lesser extent history, on the structure of the guild of large predatory mammals is explored in one fossil and four Recent communities. Two aspects are emphasized: (1) the number of species within each guild and (2) the extent of locomotor convergence as inferred from morphology among the constituent species. Locomotor behavior reflects habitat choice, hunting mode, and escape strategy, all of which appear to be important avenues of adaptive divergence among coexisting predators.Locomotor behavior in extinct and extant predators is determined from body weight and five measured characteristics of the postcranial skeleton, including ungual shape, elbow shape, and limb proportions. Results indicate that levels of morphologic and inferred ecologic similarity between large predators are higher in the tropical grassland guild of East Africa than in the equivalent guilds of either tropical or temperate forest. This may be due to the great density and diversity of terrestrial herbivores in the productive grasslands. The fossil guild, from the Late Chadron–Orellan (Oligocene) of North America, appears most similar to the tropical forest guilds, but the predators seem to have been slower and more robust than their modern counterparts. Since the Orellan represents an early stage in the evolution of large, fissiped carnivores, both ancestry and time could have influenced Orellan guild structure.
3
Dukore, Bernard F. "John MacDonald and the Washington Stage Guild." Shaw 29 (January 1, 2009): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40691876.
Повний текст джерела
4
Dukore, Bernard F. "John MacDonald and the Washington Stage Guild." Shaw 29 (January 1, 2009): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/shaw.29.2009.0225.
Повний текст джерела
5
Mahmoodabad, Sayed Saeed Mazloomy, Iraj Zareban, Mohammad Hossein Fallah Zadeh, and Mohammad Saeed Jadgal. "Classification and analysis of guild merchants using smokeless tobacco in Chabahar, Iran, based on the transtheoretical model." Update Dental College Journal 9, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v9i1.41201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: The use of all types of smokeless tobacco poses a serious risk to the health of community members. The present study was conducted to classify the guild merchants using smokeless tobacco in Chabahar, Iran, based on the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) and then analyze the relationships between the examined variables based on the constructs of this model.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 merchants working in different guilds in Chabahar in 2018, who were selected through simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a demographic and background information section, behavioral items and items on the constructs of the transtheoretical model, and was used after its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using statistical tests such as mean and SD, the Chi-square test, the ANOVA and Tukey’s test.
Findings: Most of the participants in the study were in the age group of 20-30 years (69%). Hairdressers and textile stores (19%) were the largest and hotel and restaurant businesses (2%) the smallest trade guilds in this study. Most people in the study consumed Gutkha (24%). A total of 85% of the subjects were in the precontemplation stage, 12.5% in the contemplation stage and 2.5% in the preparation stage, and the stages of change had a significant difference with constructs including counter-conditioning, self-liberation, decisional balance and temptation to use tobacco (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Since most merchants were in the precontemplation stage, and given their age and the proven harms of smokeless tobacco, interventions to encourage these people to quit tobacco consumption using the TTM constructs are necessary.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (1): 16-22
6
Hukmah, Hukmah, Syamsuddin Toaha, and Jeffry Kusuma. "Dynamics of Intra-guild Predation Model with Stage Structure in Prey." Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi 18, no. 1 (September 2, 2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/j.v18i1.14362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Intra-guild predation model is an interaction between three species where two of them compete and prey on each other for the same resource. This study considers the stage structure of prey on and combines Beddington-DeAngelis and Holling type I as functional responses in the model. Furthermore, the equilibrium point and stability of the model will be analyzed. The numerical result at the equilibrium point shows that the solution converging toward the equilibrium point so that the population is stable and will not become extinct with increasing time. In addition, the population tends to be stable when the density of prey is larger than the predator.
7
Yamaguchi, Masahiro, Yasuhiro Takeuchi, and Wanbiao Ma. "Dynamical properties of a stage structured three-species model with intra-guild predation." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 201, no. 2 (April 2007): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2005.12.033.
Повний текст джерела
8
Turnbull, Lindsay A., Liz Manley, and Mark Rees. "Niches, rather than neutrality, structure a grassland pioneer guild." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1570 (June 21, 2005): 1357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3084.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pioneer species are fast-growing, short-lived gap exploiters. They are prime candidates for neutral dynamics because they contain ecologically similar species whose low adult density is likely to cause widespread recruitment limitation, which slows competitive dynamics. However, many pioneer guilds appear to be differentiated according to seed size. In this paper, we compare predictions from a neutral model of community structure with three niche-based models in which trade-offs involving seed size form the basis of niche differentiation. We test these predictions using sowing experiments with a guild of seven pioneer species from chalk grassland. We find strong evidence for niche structure based on seed size: specifically large-seeded species produce fewer seeds but have a greater chance of establishing on a per-seed basis. Their advantage in establishment arises because there are more microsites suitable for their germination and early establishment and not directly through competition with other seedlings. In fact, seedling densities of all species were equally suppressed by the addition of competitors' seeds. By the adult stage, despite using very high sowing densities, there were no detectable effects of interspecific competition on any species. The lack of interspecific effects indicates that niche differentiation, rather than neutrality, prevails.
9
Li, Chaonan, Haijun Liao, Dehui Li, and Yanli Jing. "The Fungal Functional Guilds at the Early-Stage Restoration of Subalpine Forest Soils Disrupted by Highway Construction in Southwest China." Forests 15, no. 4 (March 30, 2024): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15040636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil fungi often operate through diverse functional guilds, and play critical roles in driving soil nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition and the health of above-ground vegetation. However, fungal functional guilds at the early-stage restoration of disrupted subalpine forest soils remain elusive. In the present study, we collected 36 soil samples along an altitudinal gradient (2900 m a.s.l., 3102 m a.s.l., and 3194 m a.s.l.) from cut slopes (CS) (from Wenma highway) and natural soils (NS) at the Miyaluo of Lixian County, Southwest China. By applying nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing, this study revealed the ecological characteristics of fungal functional guild in the early-stage restoration of cut slope soils. The results showed that the predicted prevalence of ectomycorrhizal fungi decreased, while plant pathogens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased in CS. In the high-altitude regions (3102 m a.s.l. and 3194 m a.s.l.), the differences in communities between natural and cut slope soils were more pronounced for total soil fungi, soil saprotroph, litter saprotroph, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi, in contrast to the low altitude communities (2900 m a.s.l.). An opposite pattern was evident for plant pathogens. Variations in the differences of both soil properties (mainly soil pH) and community assembling processes (e.g., heterogeneous selection, dispersal limitation and drift) between natural and cut slope soils across the altitudinal gradient likely shaped the shifting patterns of community difference. This study provides valuable insights for devising restoration approaches for cut slopes in subalpine forest ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of taking soil fungal functional guilds into account in evaluating the restoration of cut slopes, and underscoring the necessity for increased attention to the restoration of soil fungi in cut slopes at the high-altitude ecosystems.
10
Adamson, M. L., and S. Noble. "Structure of the pinworm (Oxyurida: Nematoda) guild in the hindgut of the american cockroach, Periplaneta americana." Parasitology 104, no. 3 (June 1992): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000063769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pinworm (Oxyurida: Nematoda) guild in a laboratory colony of Periplaneta americana was investigated to answer the following questions. (1) Is guild structure stable with time? (2) Is there evidence of interaction among the species? (3) Is there evidence for niche diversification with respect to spatial distribution or developmental stage of host? Four species were found: Thelastoma periplaneticola, Thelastoma bulhoesi, Hammerschmidtiella diesingi and Leidynema appendiculatum; females of the first two could not be distinguished and they were lumped and referred to as Thelastoma sp.; 328 mid-instar hosts were dissected between September 1987 and February 1990, and the number of adult females of each pinworm species was recorded to investigate changes in guild structure through time. Seventy-five percent of hosts had Thelastoma sp., 62% had H. diesingi and 40% had L. appendiculatum; mean intensities were 6.5 (Thelastoma), 2.9 (H. diesingi) and 1.9 (L. appendiculatum). Relative numbers were stable with time and intensities of the species were similar whether they occurred alone in the host or in conjunction with other species. Thelastoma sp. and L. appendiculatum occurred together less often than expected and their numbers in individual hosts were negatively correlated. Both species occurred alone more often than expected. Surprisingly, H. diesingi and L. appendiculatum occurred together more often than expected. Intestines of 44 roaches were frozen in liquid nitrogen and divided into 5 equal sections to study longitudinal distributions of the species in the gut. Most L. appendiculatum and H. diesingi were found in the first, whereas most Thelastoma sp. occurred in the second segment. However, Thelastoma sp. dominated all segments of the gut. Worms were counted in 192 hosts belonging to 4 categories (early instar, late instar, adult male and adult female). Single species infections were more common in early instar hosts but there was no evidence that different species preferred different host stages. Modal distributions in male L. appendiculatum and T. bulhoesi suggest that these species may exhibit intraspecific interference competition similar to that observed in other pinworms. Such effects may be more important than interspecific effects in maintaining guild stability.
11
McGovern. "From Stage to Live Broadcasts and Streaming: O'Neill's Theatre Guild Model in the Digital Age." Eugene O'Neill Review 40, no. 1 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/eugeoneirevi.40.1.2019.0087.
Повний текст джерела
12
Maresh, Karin. "The Formation, Existence, and Deconstruction of the Catholic Stage Guild of Ireland by Alex Cahill." Theatre History Studies 39, no. 1 (2020): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ths.2020.0022.
Повний текст джерела
13
Takahashi, Kazuo H., and Takashi Kagaya. "Guild structure of wood-rotting fungi based on volume and decay stage of coarse woody debris." Ecological Research 20, no. 2 (December 24, 2004): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-004-0025-6.
Повний текст джерела
14
Vingoe, Mary. "Five (or Six) Things I Think We Accomplished at Magnetic North." Canadian Theatre Review 138 (March 2009): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.138.003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
My title arises from CTR’s invitation to write a sequel to a speech I delivered at the 2008 conference of the Playwrights Guild of Canada, entitled “Five (or Six) Mildly Controversial Things I Learned at Magnetic North,” subsequently published under the title “All the Country’s a Stage.” Given that this issue of CTR is about the importance of festivals, I believe that what I need to write is a prequel to that speech and also, with a nod to my successor Ken Cameron, some thoughts about where the challenges might lie in the future.
15
Jardim, AVF, and MA Batalha. "Can we predict dispersal guilds based on the leaf-height-seed scheme in a disjunct cerrado woodland?" Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 3 (August 2008): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000300013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although there have been advances in methods for extracting information about dispersal processes, it is still very difficult to measure them. Predicting dispersal groups using single readily-measured traits would facilitate the emergence of instructive comparisons among ecological strategies of plants and offer a path towards improved synthesis across field experiments. The leaf-height-seed scheme consists of three functional traits: specific leaf area, plant canopy height, and seed mass. We tested, applying logistic regression analysis, whether these traits are potential predictors of dispersal guilds in a disjoint cerrado woodland site in southeastern Brazil. According to our results, none of the plant traits studied could predict dispersal guild; this means that abiotically and biotically dispersed species showed similar values of specific leaf area, height, and seed mass. The species of both guilds exhibited sclerophylly, probably a result of the typical soil nutrient deficiency of cerrado, which also may have placed constraints upon plant canopy height regardless of the dispersal mode. In the cerrado, some abiotically dispersed trees might present higher than expected seed mass as support to the investment in high root-to-shoot ratio at the seedling stage. Seeds of bird-dispersed species are limited in size and mass because of the small size of most frugivorous birds. Since soil nutrient quality might contribute to the similarity between the dispersal guilds regarding the three traits of the scheme, other plant traits (e.g., root depth distribution and nutrient uptake strategy) that detail the former should be considered in future predictive studies.
16
Kiyasov, Sergej. "At the Origins of the Masonic Phenomenon: Freemasons in the English State of 15th — 17th Centuries." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018878-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author considers the crisis events of medieval craft structures in England. The focus of his attention is the modernization of guilds and liveried companies of masons-builders. The analysis was carried out using special sources and scientific literature. This allowed us to draw a number of important conclusions. It is noted that the crisis processes observed in the economy of England of the 15—17th Centuries had a decisive influence on the evolution of the guild institution. These structures, in particular, construction guilds received the status of liveried companies. Subsequently, the craft Masonry of England was transformed into an enlightenment community. The study showed that his ideology provided for the allegorical use of building craft symbols. In particular, members of the Royal Society in London are named the project’s inspirers. Its main goal is the “construction” of a new society, religion and the formation of a new man. The author also emphasizes that the phenomenon of new Masonry should not be associated with the activities of a secret organization. In his opinion, the initial stage in the history of the Masonry in England should be associated with the influence of the Freemasonry of Scotland. However, at the beginning of the 18th Century, the intellectual elite of England managed to seize the initiative. The intellectual elite was the first to establish the work of the transnational structures of the new Masonic movement.
17
Amzah, Badrulhadza, Razali Baki, and Mohd Hafizi Yahya. "AVIAN SPECIES COMPOSITION PROFILE AND FEEDING GUILDS UNDER THE AEROBIC RICE FIELD." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 21, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12163-71.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Avian species composition profile and feeding guilds under the aerobic rice field. In Malaysia, the aerobic rice productionsystem is an alternative approach to growing rice in a water-scarce environment. Like irrigated rice, aerobic rice also cansustain a diversity of avian fauna. The current status of birds in the rice fields of Malaysia especially under aerobic ricecondition has not been widely researched. Therefore, this study aims to document the richness, diversity and feeding guildsof bird species in aerobic rice cultivation area. Birds were sampled and recorded using four randomly set up mist net at anupscaling aerobic rice plot in Serdang, Selangor during a period of the one month starting from the milky stage of the plant (75days after emergence) until two weeks after harvest. 139 birds representing 11 species belonging to 7 families were recordedin the aerobic rice plot. The most abundant bird family observed was Estrildidae (80.58%), followed by Hirundinidae (6.47%),and Meropidae and Motacillidae (both recorded 5.04%). Scaly-breasted munia (50.36%) and white-headed munia (28.06%) arethe most abundant birds, while other types of munia such as chestnut munia and white-rumped munia are present in smallnumbers. Munias were the most observed bird species number (36.36%) and therefore can be considered as the main avianpest of aerobic rice. The diversity indices, The Shannon-Wiener Index was 1.43 while The Reciprocal Simpson Index was 2.93.The richness index (The Margalef Index) was 2.03. The Equitability Index was 0.59. In term of feeding guild, most speciesbelong to insectivore (45.45%) and granivore (36.36%) while the rest were piscivore/insectivore and granivore/insectivore.However, the granivore recorded the highest number of individuals (112 or 80.58%) compared to other guilds. Presence of arelatively high diversity of bird species with varieties of feeding guilds indicated that aerobic rice does provide an attractivehabitat or foraging site for avian fauna.
18
Amzah, Badrulhadza, Razali Baki, and Mohd Hafizi Yahya. "AVIAN SPECIES COMPOSITION PROFILE AND FEEDING GUILDS UNDER THE AEROBIC RICE FIELD." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.12163-71.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Malaysia, the aerobic rice production system is an alternative approach to growing rice in a water-scarce environment. Like irrigated rice, aerobic rice also can sustain a diversity of avian fauna. The current status of birds in the rice fields of Malaysia especially under aerobic rice condition has not been widely researched. Therefore, this study aims to document the richness, diversity and feeding guilds of bird species in aerobic rice cultivation area. Birds were sampled and recorded using four randomly set up mist net at an upscaling aerobic rice plot in Serdang, Selangor during a period of the one month starting from the milky stage of the plant (75 days after emergence) until two weeks after harvest. 139 birds representing 11 species belonging to 7 families were recorded in the aerobic rice plot. The most abundant bird family observed was Estrildidae (80.58%), followed by Hirundinidae (6.47%), and Meropidae and Motacillidae (both recorded 5.04%). Scaly-breasted munia (50.36%) and white-headed munia (28.06%) are the most abundant birds, while other types of munia such as chestnut munia and white-rumped munia are present in small numbers. Munias were the most observed bird species number (36.36%) and therefore can be considered as the main avian pest of aerobic rice. The diversity indices, The Shannon-Wiener Index was 1.43 while The Reciprocal Simpson Index was 2.93. The richness index (The Margalef Index) was 2.03. The Equitability Index was 0.59. In term of feeding guild, most species belong to insectivore (45.45%) and granivore (36.36%) while the rest were piscivore/insectivore and granivore/insectivore. However, the granivore recorded the highest number of individuals (112 or 80.58%) compared to other guilds. Presence of a relatively high diversity of bird species with varieties of feeding guilds indicated that aerobic rice does provide an attractive habitat or foraging site for avian fauna.
19
Bond, Kevin. "Wild Actors and Wrathful Deities." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 44, no. 1 (September 24, 2014): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429814548173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the relationship between the celebrated kabuki guild of Ichikawa Danjūrō actors and the popular Narita Fudō deity cult in the capital of Edo in early modern (seventeenth to nineteenth century) Japan. While the actors’ worship of the cult and their personifications of the deity on-stage have been well documented by scholarship, less known is how this patronage resulted in the transformation of the deity’s character and worship among commoner audiences. By tracing the Danjūrō–Narita Fudō connection among popular media of the day, this paper argues that the guild’s artistic incorporation of the deity did not merely represent a religio-commercial collaboration, but the creation of a uniquely contemporary deity specific to Edo’s theatrical culture.
20
Harvey, Carol. "Staging Sin in Medieval Paris." Florilegium 36 (November 1, 2023): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor-36.006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The major source of knowledge of French miracle plays is the Cangé manuscript, which features forty Miracles de Nostre Dame par personnages. All the plays in the manuscript are arranged in chronological order from 1339 to 1382. They were written and produced for the St. Eloy chapter of the gold and silversmiths guild of Paris and performed at the guild’s annual assembly on or around St. Eloy’s Day (December 1). This address analyses a cluster of seven plays composed for performance between 1368 and 1379. All seven plays place the conflict between saints and sinners on the medieval stage by juxtaposing a falsely accused heroine with an antagonist whose deeds reveal the Seven Deadly Sins. Central to each of the plays is the miraculous intervention of the Virgin Mary, to whom the innocent woman prays for deliverance from her tormentors. Mary’s descent and presence on stage dramatically demonstrate her role as intercessor in the struggle between good and evil.
21
Barrett, Paul M., Richard J. Butler, and Sterling J. Nesbitt. "The roles of herbivory and omnivory in early dinosaur evolution." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101, no. 3-4 (September 2010): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691011020111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTHerbivorous and omnivorous dinosaurs were rare during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic. By contrast, the succeeding Norian stage witnessed the rapid diversification of sauropodomorphs and the rise of the clade to ecological dominance. Ornithischians, by contrast, remained relatively rare components of dinosaur assemblages until much later in the Mesozoic. The causes underlying the differential success of ornithischians and sauropodomorphs remain unclear, but might be related to trophic specialisation. Sauropodomorphs replaced an established herbivore guild consisting of rhynchosaurs, aetosaurs and basal synapsids, but this faunal turnover appears to have been opportunistic and cannot be easily attributed to either competitive interactions or responses to floral change. Consideration of diversity patterns and relative abundance suggests that the ability to eat plants might have been a major factor promoting sauropodomorph success, but that it was less important in the early evolution of Ornithischia. On the basis of current evidence it is difficult to determine the diet of the ancestral dinosaur and scenarios in which omnivory or carnivory represent the basal condition appear equally likely.
22
Seaver, Paul. "J. R. Mulryne, ed. The Guild and Guild Buildings of Shakespeare’s Stratford: Society, Religion, School and Stage. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2012. xiv + 270 pp. + 4 color pls. $119.95. ISBN: 978-1-4094-1766-8." Renaissance Quarterly 67, no. 1 (2014): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/676263.
Повний текст джерела
23
Zhang, J., J. Xiang, Y. Zhang, and X. Zhou. "Adjuvant chemotherapy of cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LV) for esophageal cancer: A case-matched cohort study in east china." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 15135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.15135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
15135 Background: There are very few prospective randomized clinical trials regarding the adjuvant chemotherapy of esophageal cancer. This study is to compare the survival between the patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy of cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LV) and those who did not. Methods: Between 1998 and 2004, 90 esophageal cancer patients with adjuvant chemotherapy, and clinic-pathologically well- matched 180 patients without chemotherapy, were included in this study. Results: There was no significant difference for disease-free-survival and overall-survival in stage I (P=0.59&p=0.59), stage II (P=0.2778&P=0.2778) and stage III patients (P=0.695 &P=0.8667) between observation group and chemotherapy group. Chemotherapy was most effective for the patients who had metastasis in cervical and /or celiac lymph node (IVa subgroup) by both univariate analysis and multivariate COX regression model. 1 and 3-year DFS and OS are significantly better than those who did not receive the chemotherapy(P= 0.038,and 0.01, respectively). Among the factors evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, Bcl-2 expression in the primary tumor was a worse prognostic factor, and was more predictive in adjuvant chemotherapy group than no chemotherapy group. Conclusions: Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved the treatment result of stage IVa patients. Bcl-2 could be potentially used to analyze the prognosis and guild the adjuvant treatment in esophageal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
24
Kopij, G. "Effect of Farming and Rainfall on the Species Diversity, Population Density and Community Structure of Birds Breeding in the Kalahari Woodland, NE Namibia." Zoodiversity 55, no. 6 (2021): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2021.06.451.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The line transect method has been employed to assess species diversity, population densities and community structure of birds breeding in a mosaic of Kalahari Woodland and farmland, NE Namibia. The transect, 4.5 km long, was surveyed in 2014 and 2015. The total annual rainfall in 2014 was much higher than in 2015 (427 mm vs. 262 mm). In total, 40 breeding species in 2014, and 46 in 2015 were recorded. Six species were dominant in 2014 (Cape Turtle Dove, Laughing Dove, Emerald-spotted Dove, Blue Waxbill, and White-browed Scrub Robin) and only three species in 2015 (Cape Turtle Dove and Blue Waxbill and Yellow-fronted Canary). Although the cumulative dominance in 2014 almost doubled that in 2015, the Community Index in both years was almost identical. Also diversity indices and evenness index were very similar in both years compared. Granivorous birds were the most numerous feeding guild. Their contribution was similar in 2014 and 2015 (46.7 % vs. 43.4 %). Two other feeding guilds, insectivores and frugivores, comprised together more than 50 % in both years. The number of bird species and species diversity were not influenced by the differential rainfall. However, contrary to expectations, population densities of most bird species (at least the more numerous ones) were higher in the year with lower than in the year with higher rainfall. The number of species and species diversity was similar in the farmland and in neighbouring Kalahari Woodland in a pristine stage. However, population densities of most species were lower in the farmland than in the pristine woodland.
25
Litavrina, Marina G. "American vacations in Russian village. (Russian classics on foreign stage: problematic dialogue and the role of interpretеrs)". ТЕАТР. ЖИВОПИСЬ. КИНО. МУЗЫКА, № 2 (2023): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35852/2588-0144-2023-2-10-31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The production of Turgenev’s “A Month in the Country” (Theatre Guild, 1930) is taken here as inherent example of Russian classics interpretation in the timeline of drama history and intercultural communication through theatre. Meanwhile the difficulties and obstacles on this way are revealed. In the author’s view, the named production is often underestimated being regarded as merely a remake or replica of MAT’s classical version of 1909. The stumbling block on Turgenev’s drama way to American spectators is easily identified at the close glance. According to American critics’ general agreement, Turgenev’s play was outdated, tedious and morbid. Though often flattery compared to Chekhov’s works, it is yet based, they wrote, on drama principles, “hardly worth preserving”. Chekhov’s drama highly favored by the Anglo-saxon criticism already enjoyed numerous interpretations on the American stage. Thus Chekhov turned to be Turgenev’s predecessor in the USA. Moreover, the advent of Turgenev to American stage is highly indebted to Russian immigrant theatre workers — Rouben Mamoulian, the director, and Alla Nazimova, the player of the main part — who proved to be the uniting “Russian center” of the production. The descriptions of acting, sets, mise en scene, the article is dwelling on, are borrowed from American and Russian sources, including archival, such as scrapbooks, iconography, witnesses or participants, letters, memoirs and critical reviews.
26
Omkar, Geetanjali Mishra, Bhupendra Kumar, Neha Singh, and Garima Pandey. "Risks associated with tandem release of large and small ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in heterospecific aphidophagous guilds." Canadian Entomologist 146, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMultiple interactions occurring within aphidophagous guilds determine their final predation outcomes, i.e., antagonistic, additive, or synergistic. Based on these predatory outcomes, the suitability of guilds in suppressing aphid pests is determined. The present study assesses the efficacy of 11 guilds, formed from both larval and adult stages of four locally abundant aphidophagous coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), while exploiting the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The observed antagonistic effects within these guilds are resultants of enhanced predator–predator interactions due to the size and diversity of guild predators. Smaller ladybird predators maintained their usual body mass, probably by increasing their conversion efficiencies to compensate for their reduced prey consumption. However, larger ladybirds reported loss in their body mass, owing to their higher energy needs. The overall guild conversion efficiencies and growth rates were reduced. Among the experimental guilds, the observed prey mortalities were relatively higher in two-predator guilds, and within these two-predator combinations, the higher prey mortalities were recorded in those guilds where Coccinella septempunctata was one of the predators.
27
Kwatrina, R. T., F. Marsandi, S. Fahmi, A. Rianti, V. S. Sihombing, and M. M. Putri. "Mammals diversity in Indonesian oil palm plantation: identifying its functional role in the agroecosystem." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1243, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1243/1/012005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The conventional profile of oil palm plantations that are not environmentally friendly, high-cost, and non-ecologically oriented, are not in line with sustainable development goals. There is a broad understanding of the role of mammalian species in the oil palm plantation landscape to create healthy oil palm plantations. To understand the functional role of these mammals, we identified various research over the last 10 years in Indonesia on mammals found in oil palm plantation landscapes through a systematic literature review approach. We use the Google Scholar search engine by entering search keywords and screening and analyzing the publications obtained. In the final stage, we analyze the possible use of mammals for production and ecological purposes. We found an increase in oil palm research in Indonesia over the last decade. Most of the research was conducted in large oil palm plantations, and the types of mammals found included large and small mammals, with the research focus on looking at the diversity and abundance of mammalian species, biodiversity loss and gain, as well as feeding guilds or tropic levels of mammalian species. The abundance of potential populations as pests is also a concern in several studies. Mammals in the context of contributing to production and ecology have a broad spectrum of roles, including various guild and tropic levels in the food chain, balancing ecosystems, pollinators, pest control, and other essential functions. We also focus on the gaps in research and management activities to achieve a healthy agroecosystem. The result can be served as a guide for future research priorities, conservation strategy, and management planning toward healthy oil plantations.
28
QUEIROZ, J. M. "Host plant use among closely related Anaea butterfly species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 62, no. 4a (November 2002): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842002000400014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a great number of Charaxinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) species in the tropics whose larvae feed on several plant families. However the genus Anaea is almost always associated with Croton species (Euphorbiaceae). This work describes patterns of host plant use by immature and adult abundance on different vertical strata of sympatric Anaea species in a forest of Southeastern Brazil. Quantitative samples of leaves were taken in April/1999 and May/2000 to collect eggs and larvae of four Anaea species on C.alchorneicarpus, C. floribundus and C. salutaris in a semideciduous forest. Sampled leaves were divided into three classes of plant phenological stage: saplings, shrubs and trees. The results showed that the butterfly species are segregating in host plant use on two scales: host plant species and plant phenological stages. C. alchorneicarpus was used by only one Anaea species, whereas C. floribundus was used by three species and C. salutaris by four Anaea species. There was one Anaea species concentrated on sapling, another on sapling/shrub and two others on shrub/tree leaves. Adults of Anaea were more frequent at canopy traps but there were no differences among species caught in traps at different vertical positions. This work supplements early studies on host plant use among Charaxinae species and it describes how a guild of closely related butterfly species may be organized in a complex tropical habitat.
29
Rodewald, Paul G., and Margaret C. Brittingham. "Stopover Habitats of Landbirds During Fall: Use of Edge-Dominated and Early-Successional Forests." Auk 121, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1040–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Despite much interest in the conservation of landbirds during migratory stopover periods, relatively few studies have examined spatial and temporal variation in habitat use and identified important habitats for migrating landbirds in North America. We surveyed migrant landbirds in five habitats (mature forest interior, mature forest-agricultural edge, mature suburban forest, mid-successional pole-stage forest, and early successional shrub-saplingstage forest) in central Pennsylvania from late August to early October, 1997–1999. We used abundances of individual species and migrant guilds, species richness, and fruit availability to assess relative habitat quality for fall migrants and measured structural characteristics associated with migrant habitat use. Of 15 species that differed in abundance among habitats, species that breed in mature forest (n = 10) were typically broadly distributed among habitats during stopover, with highest abundance in edge-dominated forests (forest-agricultural edge and suburban forest) and lowest abundance in pole-stage forests. Mature-forest-breeding migrants also regularly used early successional forests, where as many individuals were recorded as in forest interior. Shrub-sapling-breeding species (n = 5) generally were more narrowly distributed among habitats and were most abundant in early successional and edge-dominated forests. We detected among-year differences in relative use of habitats by mature-forest-breeding species, which suggests that the relative quality of stopover habitats may vary from year to year. Fruit availability was highest in shrub-sapling and forest-agricultural edge habitats and was positively associated with abundance of primary frugivores in all three years, indicating that fruit may be driving habitat selection by that guild. Mature-forest-breeding migrants were positively associated with forests that had more understory vegetation and lower percentage of canopy cover (i.e. more tree-fall gaps), which suggests that migrants selected sites with greater vertical and horizontal habitat heterogeneity. Migrating shrub-sapling-breeding species were positively associated with small-diameter stems (0–2.5 cm) and negatively associated with percentage of canopy cover (i.e. characteristics of breeding habitats). Consistently high use of mature edge-dominated and early-successional forests by a wide diversity of landbird species during fall stopover indicates the potential importance of those habitats for migratory landbird conservation.
30
Polchaninova, Nina, Galina Savchenko, Vladimir Ronkin, Aleksandr Drogvalenko, and Alexandr Putchkov. "Summer fire in steppe habitats: long-term effects on vegetation and autumnal assemblages of cursorial arthropods." Hacquetia 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2019-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Being an essential driving factor in dry grassland ecosystems, uncontrolled fires can cause damage to isolated natural areas. We investigated a case of a small-scale mid-summer fire in an abandoned steppe pasture in northeastern Ukraine and focused on the post-fire recovery of arthropod assemblages (mainly spiders and beetles) and vegetation pattern. The living cover of vascular plants recovered in a year, while the cover of mosses and litter remained sparse for four years. The burnt site was colonised by mobile arthropods occurring in surrounding grasslands. The fire had no significant impact on arthropod diversity or abundance, but changed their assemblage structure, namely dominant complexes and trophic guild ratio. The proportion of phytophages reduced, while that of omnivores increased. The fire destroyed the variety of the arthropod assemblages created by the patchiness of vegetation cover. In the post-fire stage they were more similar to each other than at the burnt plot in the pre- and post-fire period. Spider assemblages tended to recover their pre-fire state, while beetle assemblages retained significant differences during the entire study period.
31
Liu, Mingxiu, Mian Wang, Yuzhen Nima, Xiaotian Feng, Guangyun Li, Yi Yang, Yaying Li, and Huai Liu. "Intraguild Prey Served as Alternative Prey for Intraguild Predators in a Reciprocal Predator Guild between Neoseiulus barkeri and Scolothrips takahashii." Insects 14, no. 6 (June 16, 2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14060561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The predatory mites Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) and the predatory thrips Scolothrips takahashii (Priesner) are known as potential biocontrol agents for the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch). These two predator species occur simultaneously on crops in agricultural ecosystems and are proved to be involved in life-stage specific intraguild predation. The intraguild prey may play a role in securing the persistence of the intraguild predators during food shortage periods. To understand the potential of intraguild prey as food source for intraguild predators in the N. barkeri and S. takahashii guild at low T. urticae densities, the survival, development and reproduction of both predators was determined when fed on heterospecific predators. The choice tests were conducted to determine the preference of the intraguild predator between the intraguild prey and the shared prey. Results showed that 53.3% N. barkeri and 60% S. takahashii juveniles successfully developed when fed on heterospecific predators. Female intraguild predators of both species fed on intraguild prey survived and laid eggs throughout the experiment. In the choice test, both intraguild predator species preferred their extraguild prey T. urticae. This study suggested that intraguild prey served as an alternative prey for intraguild predators prolonged survival and ensured the reproduction of intraguild predators during food shortage, ultimately decreasing the need for the continual release of the predators.
32
Roque, Dionísio Virgílio, Thomas Göttert, Valério António Macandza, and Ulrich Zeller. "Assessing Distribution Patterns and the Relative Abundance of Reintroduced Large Herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique." Diversity 13, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13100456.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is the first systematic assessment of large herbivore (LH) communities in Limpopo National Park (LNP) in Mozambique, an area where most LH species were extinct until the early 2000s. We investigate whether LH community parameters are linked with the availability of habitat types or the distance between sampling sites and the origin of LH resettlement. We placed camera traps in five habitat types in resettled and not-resettled areas to compare species richness, relative abundance index, grazers–browsers–mixed feeder and naïve occupancy of 15 LH species. While the richness decreased along the distance gradient of LH resettlement, relative abundance index strongly responded to habitat features. The grazer–browser–mixed feeder ratio oscillated, while from resettled to not-resettled areas, the ratio increased. Most species show a wide distribution range. The associations of most LH community parameters with habitat types rather than distance to initial release, together with the species-specific and guild-specific response patterns of LH, suggest LNP to already be in an intermediate stage of restoration. Our results highlight the importance of post-release monitoring of reintroduced wildlife as a tool to assess the success of ecological restoration initiatives in transboundary conservation areas.
33
Rhainds, Marc, Michèle Roy, Gaétan Daigle, and Jacques Brodeur. "Toward management guidelines for the soybean aphid in Quebec. I. Feeding damage in relationship to seasonality of infestation and incidence of native predators." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 5 (October 2007): 728–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA study was conducted in 2004 and 2005 to test the hypotheses that the severity of damage caused by the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is minimized by the activity of predators and declines with the maturity of soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), at the time of infestation. In caged subplots where predators were excluded, aphids attained a high density following experimental infestation of soybeans, resulting in severe reductions of yield, particularly when plants were infested early in the season. A guild of generalist predators consisting predominantly of ladybird beetles colonized plants in uncaged subplots, resulting in a low rate of population growth following infestation of soybeans with aphids and a relatively weak impact on the soybean yield. The soybean yield declined as the density of aphids (number per plant), and the maturity of soybeans at the time of infestation, increased. Our results suggest that A. glycines represents an occasional pest of soybean in Quebec, because of (i) temporal asynchrony between the late-season infestation by aphids and the most susceptible phenological stage of soybeans (vegetative or flowering) and (ii) biological control by natural enemies.
34
JEX, A. R., M. A. SCHNEIDER, H. A. ROSE, and T. H. CRIBB. "Local climate aridity influences the distribution of thelastomatoid nematodes of the Australian giant burrowing cockroach." Parasitology 134, no. 10 (April 20, 2007): 1401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182007002727.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYIn this study, we examined the effects of local climate aridity on the richness and composition of the thelastomatoid (Nematoda: Oxyurida) guild parasitizing the Australian giant burrowing cockroach, Macropanesthia rhinoceros (Blattodea: Geoscapheinae). In total, 9 thelastomatoid species parasitized this cockroach in north-eastern Australia (Queensland). Local observed richness ranged from 3 species (in Cooktown, Magnetic Island, Maiden Springs and Whitsunday Island) to 7 species (in Rochford Scrub). The lowest richness occurred in both relatively wet and dry climates, and the highest richness was in moderate climates. Three species, Cordonicola gibsoni, Leidynemella fusiformis and Travassosinema jaidenae, were found at all 13 collection sites. One species, Geoscaphenema megaovum, was found exclusively in dry to moderate climates. The remaining species, Blattophila sphaerolaima, Coronostoma australiae, Desmicola ornata, Hammerschmidtiella hochi and Jaidenema rhinoceratum, were found in moderate climates only. We hypothesize that the egg is the stage in the thelastomatoid life-cycle most vulnerable to the effects of adverse climate and that the geographical distribution for each species is, in part, bound by environments that are too dry, resulting in egg desiccation, and by environments that are too wet, resulting in decreased oxygen uptake across the egg-shell and in osmotic lysing.
35
Forrester, Guy J. "Resource partitioning between two species of Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Echium plantagineum in a Mediterranean habitat." Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, no. 3 (September 1993): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300029230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractTwo weevil species, Ceutorhynchus geographicus (Goeze) and C. larvatus Schultze, feed on Echium plantagineum (Boraginaceae) in southern France. This paper shows that they do not compete for resources in the host's native environment. Niche overlaps of the two weevils were measured using the proportional overlap measure and Morisita's original index. The two species showed significant overlap in niche requirements during the egg and early larval stage. During the final two larval instars, larvae feed on different parts of the plant, C. geographicus in the tap root and C. larvatus in the root crown. Spatial separation in niche requirements is augmented by a temporal separation, C. larvatus emerging in the field about one month earlier than C. geographicus. In Europe and in Australia, to which E. plantagineum has been introduced and has become a serious weed, the host-plant has an extended germination period during the autumn. The differences in emergence times of the two species mean that their niches are separated both in time and in space. Should the two species be released into Australia they would not compete for resources. They may, however, be able to displace other species of the stemfeeding guild that are also proposed as candidates for the biological control of E. plantagineum.
36
Cobo-Sánchez, Lucía, Marcos Pizarro-Monzo, Gabriel Cifuentes-Alcobendas, Blanca Jiménez García, Natalia Abellán Beltrán, Lloyd A. Courtenay, Audax Mabulla, Enrique Baquedano, and Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo. "Computer vision supports primary access to meat by early Homo 1.84 million years ago." PeerJ 10 (October 18, 2022): e14148. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human carnivory is atypical among primates. Unlike chimpanzees and bonobos, who are known to hunt smaller monkeys and eat them immediately, human foragers often cooperate to kill large animals and transport them to a safe location to be shared. While it is known that meat became an important part of the hominin diet around 2.6–2 Mya, whether intense cooperation and food sharing developed in conjunction with the regular intake of meat remains unresolved. A widespread assumption is that early hominins acquired animal protein through klepto-parasitism at felid kills. This should be testable by detecting felid-specific bone modifications and tooth marks on carcasses consumed by hominins. Here, deep learning (DL) computer vision was used to identify agency through the analysis of tooth pits and scores on bones recovered from the Early Pleistocene site of DS (Bed I, Olduvai Gorge). We present the first objective evidence of primary access to meat by hominins 1.8 Mya by showing that the most common securely detectable bone-modifying fissipeds at the site were hyenas. The absence of felid modifications in most of the carcasses analyzed indicates that hominins were the primary consumers of most animals accumulated at the site, with hyenas intervening at the post-depositional stage. This underscores the role of hominins as a prominent part of the early Pleistocene African carnivore guild. It also stresses the major (and potentially regular) role that meat played in the diet that configured the emergence of early Homo.
37
Walzer, Andreas, and Peter Schausberger. "Integration of multiple cues allows threat-sensitive anti-intraguild predator responses in predatory mites." Behaviour 150, no. 2 (2013): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intraguild (IG) prey is commonly confronted with multiple IG predator species. However, the IG predation (IGP) risk for prey is not only dependent on the predator species, but also on inherent (intraspecific) characteristics of a given IG predator such as its life-stage, sex or gravidity and the associated prey needs. Thus, IG prey should have evolved the ability to integrate multiple IG predator cues, which should allow both inter- and intraspecific threat-sensitive anti-predator responses. Using a guild of plant-inhabiting predatory mites sharing spider mites as prey, we evaluated the effects of single and combined cues (eggs and/or chemical traces left by a predator female on the substrate) of the low risk IG predator Neoseiulus californicus and the high risk IG predator Amblyseius andersoni on time, distance and path shape parameters of the larval IG prey Phytoseiulus persimilis. IG prey discriminated between traces of the low and high risk IG predator, with and without additional presence of their eggs, indicating interspecific threat-sensitivity. The behavioural changes were manifest in distance moved, activity and path shape of IG prey. The cue combination of traces and eggs of the IG predators conveyed other information than each cue alone, allowing intraspecific threat-sensitive responses by IG prey apparent in changed velocities and distances moved. We argue that graded responses to single and combined IG predator cues are adaptive due to minimization of acceptance errors in IG prey decision making.
38
Vieira, Aline Martins, and Jarcilene Silva Almeida. "Efeito da regeneração florestal de uma Floresta Tropical Sazonalmente Seca sobre a diversidade de artrópodes de serapilheira." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13, no. 4 (July 9, 2020): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.4.p1688-1699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As florestas secundárias vêm substituindo as primárias que são suprimidas pela ação antrópica. Florestas tropicais secas são ecossistemas fortemente afetados por ações antrópicas. A serapilheira representa um importante estrato florestal, composta principalmente por material vegetal, que se decompõem, retorna a matéria orgânica para o ambiente e abriga uma rica teia trófica. Artrópodes atuam na quebra do material vegetal, aeração do solo e enriquecimento do solo com matéria orgânica, auxiliando na manutenção da decomposição da serapilheira. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a diversidade de artrópodes em fragmentos de floresta tropical seca em diferentes estádios de regeneração na estação seca e chuvosa. A diversidade de artrópodes nas estações seca e chuvosa foi analisada através de Perfis de diversidade de Hill; a diversidade beta foi calculada para verificar os padrões de substituição de espécies entre as áreas em diferentes estádios succesionais. As características funcionais foram comparadas através da distância de Gower e CWM. O estádio de regeneração intermediário foi mais rico e mais diversificado que os estádios iniciais e tardios. A beta diversidade foi relativamente baixa, sendo 0,195 o índice de Jaccard entre os três estádios na estação chuvosa e 0,294 para a estação seca. A guilda alimentar mais representativa foi dos herbívoros e o aparelho bucal mais comum o mastigador, não havendo diferenças significativas na distribuição das características funcionais. O estudo confirmou a importância da regeneração florestal sobre a estrutura da comunidade de artrópodes de serapilheira, que tem suas taxas de riqueza, padrões de dominância e diversidade variando de acordo com os estádios sucessionais. Effect of forest regeneration on the diversity of litter arthropods A B S T R A C TSecondary forests have been replacing primary forests that are suppressed by anthropic action. Dry tropical forests are ecosystems strongly affected by human actions. The litter represents an important forest layer, composed mainly of plant material, which decomposes, returns organic matter to the environment and has a rich trophic web. Arthropods act in the breakdown of plant material, aeration of the soil and enrichment of the soil with organic matter, helping to maintain the decomposition of litter. The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of arthropods in fragments of dry tropical forest at different stages of regeneration in the dry and rainy season. The diversity of arthropods in the dry and rainy seasons was analyzed using Hill's diversity profiles; beta diversity was calculated to verify species substitution patterns between areas at different successional stages. Functional characteristics were compared using Gower and CWM distance. The intermediate regeneration stage was richer and more diverse than the early and late stages. Beta diversity was relatively low, with 0.195 the Jaccard index between the three stages in the rainy season and 0.294 for the dry season. The most representative food guild was the herbivore and the most common mouthpiece was the chewer, with no significant differences in the distribution of functional characteristics. The study confirmed the importance of forest regeneration on the structure of the litter arthropod community, which has its rates of wealth, patterns of dominance and diversity varying according to successional stages.Keywords: Caatinga; chronosequence; edaphic fauna; ecological succession
39
Veals, Amanda M., John L. Koprowski, David L. Bergman, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and David B. Wester. "Occurrence of mesocarnivores in montane sky islands: How spatial and temporal overlap informs rabies management in a regional hotspot." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): e0259260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Interspecific interactions among mesocarnivores can influence community dynamics and resource partitioning. Insights into these interactions can enhance understanding of local ecological processes that have impacts on pathogen transmission, such as the rabies lyssavirus. Host species ecology can provide an important baseline for disease management strategies especially in biologically diverse ecosystems and heterogeneous landscapes. We used a mesocarnivore guild native to the southwestern United States, a regional rabies hotspot, that are prone to rabies outbreaks as our study system. Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and coyotes (Canis latrans) share large portions of their geographic ranges and can compete for resources, occupy similar niches, and influence population dynamics of each other. We deployed 80 cameras across two mountain ranges in Arizona, stratified by vegetation type. We used two-stage modeling to gain insight into species occurrence and co-occurrence patterns. There was strong evidence for the effects of elevation, season, and temperature impacting detection probability of all four species, with understory height and canopy cover also influencing gray foxes and skunks. For all four mesocarnivores, a second stage multi-species co-occurrence model better explained patterns of detection than the single-species occurrence model. These four species are influencing the space use of each other and are likely competing for resources seasonally. We did not observe spatial partitioning between these competitors, likely due to an abundance of cover and food resources in the biologically diverse system we studied. From our results we can draw inferences on community dynamics to inform rabies management in a regional hotspot. Understanding environmental factors in disease hotspots can provide useful information to develop more reliable early-warning systems for viral outbreaks. We recommend that disease management focus on delivering oral vaccine baits onto the landscape when natural food resources are less abundant, specifically during the two drier seasons in Arizona (pre-monsoon spring and autumn) to maximize intake by all mesocarnivores.
40
Oliveira, Rafael Lima, Leonardo Evangelista Moraes, and Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara Santos. "Diet composition of abundant fish species in the shallow waters of the Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 43 (December 8, 2021): e52230. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v43i1.52230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coastal habitats have great ecological importance with estuarine environments providing feeding sites for many fish species, especially during juvenile life stages. This study investigates the diet composition and trophic guild organization of the common and abundant ichthyofauna in shallow areas of the Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), Bahia, Brazil, and their relationships with environmental parameters. Six fish sampling campaigns were carried out in the shallow zones (infralittoral) of the Paraguaçu River estuary which encompasses the inner and outer (marine exposure) reaches of the TSB. The stomach contents of 1231 individuals belonging to common and abundant species were examined. A total of 32 food items were identified and fish were into four trophic guilds: detritivores, zoobenthivores I, zoobenthivores II, and zooplanktivores. The relationship between the guilds and environmental parameters showed that zoobenthivores II and zooplanktivores guilds had a positive relationship with salinity and pH, explaining 86% of data variability, though only the salinity variable was significant. This study provides basic information about the diet composition of common and abundant species in the TSB and their organization into trophic guilds. In addition, demonstrates that shallow waters fish across all guilds have broadly similar diets, comprising food items that are usually associated with bottom waters.
41
Porter, Deborah, Joanna McClelland Glass, Cynthia Zimmerman, Norm Foster, and Susan Bennett. "Flowers & No More Medea; If We Are Women; Taking the Stage: Selections from Plays by Canadian Women; Wanna Play? Three Plays for High School.; Wrong for Each Other." Canadian Theatre Review 83 (June 1995): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.83.019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The review of these five recent publications by Playwrights Canada Press presents a double opportunity: an assessment of this press’s contribution to Canadian theatre and drama, and a chance to offer some general comments about the state of the art, as it were, in the middle of the 1990s, Playwrights Union of Canada had its origin in a small group formed on the Gaspe Peninsula in 1971, soon after receiving Canada Council support to establish a resource centre for Canadian playwriting. As the activities of this playwrights’ co-op developed and expanded, it was officially incorporated in 1979 as Playwrights Canada. In 1984 this group merged with the Guild of Canadian Playwrights (itself formed in 1977) to establish the Playwrights Union of Canada (PUC). Publishing has been and continues to be an important aspect of PUC’s work. At first, publications were those now-familiar typewritten and stapled scripts - and these were indeed my introduction to the existence of a Canadian drama. I was a new immigrant to Canada in the early 1980s and a graduate student in a Department of English. In response to my question “what Canadian drama is there?” asked of the department’s Canadianists and one or two others there, I heard the univocal response: “Oh, there isn’t any.” But soon after this emphatic declaration, I began discovering PUC’s typescripts on the University library shelves and read them all and eventually sent for a catalogue. Some ten years later, I find myself the President of the Association for Canadian Theatre Research so I guess I found my own and different answer to that initial inquiry. I wonder for how many other people PUC’s publications have been a route for uncovering and enjoying the breadth and diversity of talent that is contemporary Canadian drama. And now PUC’s publishing enterprise has expanded to include the full text production of some six or more plays each year, along with occasional special volumes (such as the Taking the Stage anthology reviewed here).
42
Ermakova, Liudmila M. "SYNTACTICS AND PRAGMATICS OF ANCIENT JAPANESE DIVINATION." Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics 5, no. 4 (2022): 10–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2022-5-4-10-34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study is devoted to the meaning and the main types of divinatory practices in the Japanese antiquity. The main objects of the study are the texts written in 8th c., such as two mythological and historic annals, “Records of Ancient Matters” (“Kojiki”) and “The Chronicles of Japan” (“Nihon shoki”), an anthology of the ancient Japanese poetry “Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves” (“Man’yōshū”) and “Records of Customs and Lands” (“Fudoki”), the last one representing some kind of ancient gazetteers. Remarkably, the rites of divination in these annals are mentioned beginning from the earliest stage of the Japanese cosmological history. First of all, the rite is performed when the pair of ancestors is going to give birth to the world between Heaven and Earth; the next two episodes are also highly important in the cultural history of Japan, one being the story concerning Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess, who concealed herself for a time in the Rocky Celestial Cave, and the second is connected with the descent of her grandchild from Heaven to Earth in order to rule Japan. We are also going to introduce and analyze the (“Newly compiled record of turtle omens” (“Shinsen kisōki”). This text, compiled presumably in 9th c., contains some myths of Urabe, the guild of official diviners. From it, for example, we learn the mythical explanation of the fact that divination with a deer blade (scapulimancy) was officially rejected at the state level in favor of divination with the turtle shell (plastromancy). The main object of the paper is also to present some suggestions about the peculiarities of the Japanese type of communication with the gods during the rite of divination.
43
Vindstad, O. P. L., S. B. Hagen, J. U. Jepsen, L. Kapari, T. Schott, and R. A. Ims. "Phenological diversity in the interactions between winter moth (Operophtera brumata) larvae and parasitoid wasps in sub-arctic mountain birch forest." Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, no. 6 (June 8, 2011): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485311000277.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractPopulation cycles of the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) in sub-arctic coastal birch forests show high spatiotemporal variation in amplitude. Peak larval densities range from levels causing little foliage damage to outbreaks causing spatially extensive defoliation. Moreover, outbreaks typically occur at or near the altitudinal treeline. It has been hypothesized that spatiotemporal variation in O. brumata cycle amplitude results from climate-induced variation in the degree of phenological matching between trophic levels, possibly between moth larvae and parasitoids. The likelihood of mismatching phenologies between larvae and parasitoids is expected to depend on how specialized parasitoids are, both as individual species and as a guild, to attacking specific larval developmental stages (i.e. instars). To investigate the larval instar-specificity of parasitoids, we studied the timing of parasitoid attacks relative to larval phenology. We employed an observational study design, with sequential sampling over the larval period, along an altitudinal gradient harbouring a pronounced treeline outbreak of O. brumata. Within the larval parasitoid guild, containing seven species groups, the timing of attack by different groups followed a successional sequence throughout the moth's larval period and each group attacked 1–2 instars. Such phenological diversity within parasitoid guilds may lower the likelihood of climate-induced trophic mismatches between victim populations and many/all of their enemies. Parasitism rates declined with increasing altitude for most parasitoid groups and for the parasitoid guild as a whole. However, the observed spatiotemporal parasitism patterns provided no clear evidence for or against altitudinal mismatch between larval and parasitoid phenology.
44
Hiiop, Hilkka, Alar Läänelaid, and Hannes Vinnal. "DATING THE NEWLY DISCOVERED CEILING PAINTING IN THE HOUSE OF ESTLAND’S NOBILITY IN TALLINN." Baltic Journal of Art History 25 (October 25, 2023): 9–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2023.25.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the course of renovating the Estonian Knighthood (Ritterschaft)House in the autumn of 2022, a magnificent find came to light in theceiling of a first floor room – a figural plafond painting on a canvasattached to the ceiling. This find is sensational since it adds to thenumber of rare and fragile canvas plafonds, only a few of whichsurvive in Estonia. This article demonstrates how archival researchand dendrochronology can work together hand in hand. Accordingto historical documents, this part of the Knighthood House was builtaround the year 1690, because it was described as nearly finishedin the spring of 1691. By applying dendrochronological dating, it
was possible to ascertain that the trees that form the main woodenstructures were felled after the growing season of 1689 and wereused in construction, probably in 1690. The Üxküll family of Vigalamanor sold their newly completed town palace to the Knighthood ofEstonia in 1694 for unknown reasons. The plafond painting probablyoriginates from the period between those two dates, 1690 and 1694.Thus, the Knighthood House’s plafond ceiling is the only firmlydated painting of this kind in Estonian architecture. It originatesfrom an earlier period than most other plafond paintings in Tallinn,which are assessed using stylistic comparison as dating from theperiod after the Great Northern War, specifically from 1721 to 1760.The nearly 60 m2 plafond is certainly the largest in Estonia. The useof distemper and oil paint techniques together makes this paintingremarkable. It is also the only known plafond with more than onepainting layer from different periods. At the time of writing, thepainting has not yet been exposed to view. Its thematic subject matterand the details of its technical realisation will be revealed onlyafter its restoration. The question of the authorship of the plafondpainting also remains unanswered at this stage. The overpaintingwith Rococo ornamentation covering the original painting can becautiously associated with the name of the guild painter, GotthardHolm, who was paid for work done in the Knighthood House inthe 1760s.
45
Mooney, Michael E. "Stages and Playgoers: From Guild Plays to Shakespeare (review)." Shakespeare Quarterly 55, no. 1 (2004): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/shq.2004.0053.
Повний текст джерела
46
Cheng, Bo, Jennifer Adams, Jianhui Chen, Aifeng Zhou, Qing Zhang, and Anson W. Mackay. "Neoglacial trends in diatom dynamics from a small alpine lake in the Qinling mountains of central China." Climate of the Past 16, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-543-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. During the latter stages of the Holocene, and prior to anthropogenic global warming, the Earth underwent a period of cooling called the neoglacial. The neoglacial is associated with declining summer insolation and changes to Earth's surface albedo. Although impacts varied globally, in China the neoglacial was generally associated with a cooler climate and an attenuated Asian summer monsoon. Few studies in central China, however, have explored the impact of neoglacial cooling on freshwater diversity, especially in alpine regions. Here we take a palaeolimnological approach to characterise multi-decadal variability in diatom community composition, ecological guilds, and compositional turnover over the past 3500 years from the alpine Yuhuang Chi lake on Mount Taibai in the Qinling mountains. Diatoms in the high-profile guild dominate much of the record from 3500 to 615 cal BP, which suggests that few nutrients in the lake were limiting overall, and disturbance and herbivory were likely low. After 615 cal BP, low-profile and planktic guild diatoms increase, suggesting greater turbulence in the lake, alongside a decline in available nutrients. Diatom turnover highlights periods in the lake history when deterministic processes structured diatom communities. For example, an abrupt decline in turnover is coincident with the shift from high- to low-profile diatoms at 615 cal BP, and this is likely due to the onset of the Little Ice Age in the region. We suggest that Yuhuang Chi lake became more shallow during peak regional aridity, which led to the short-lived community restructuring observed in the record.
47
Rios, Christopher M., Chris M. Golde, and Rochelle E. Tractenberg. "The Preparation of Stewards with the Mastery Rubric for Stewardship: Re-Envisioning the Formation of Scholars and Practitioners." Education Sciences 9, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9040292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A steward of the discipline was originally defined as “someone who will creatively generate new knowledge, critically conserve valuable and useful ideas, and responsibly transform those understandings through writing, teaching, and application”. This construct was articulated to support and strengthen doctoral education. The purpose of this paper is to expand the construct of stewardship so that it can be applied to both scholars and non-academic practitioners, and can be initiated earlier than doctoral education. To accomplish and justify this, we describe a general developmental trajectory supporting cross-curriculum teaching for stewardship of a discipline as well as of a profession. We argue that the most important features of stewardship, comprising the public trust for the future of their discipline or profession, are obtainable by all practitioners, and are not limited to those who have completed doctoral training. The developmental trajectory is defined using the Mastery Rubric construct, which requires articulating the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) to be targeted with a curriculum; recognizable stages of performance of these KSAs; and performance level descriptors of each KSA at each stage. Concrete KSAs of stewardship that can be taught and practiced throughout the career (professional or scholarly) were derived directly from the original definition. We used the European guild structure’s stages of Novice, Apprentice, Journeyman, and Master for the trajectory, and through a consensus-based standard setting exercise, created performance level descriptors featuring development of Bloom’s taxonometric cognitive abilities (see Appendix A) for each KSA. Together, these create the Mastery Rubric for Stewardship (MR-S). The MR-S articulates how stewardly behavior can be cultivated and documented for individuals in any disciplinary curriculum, whether research-intensive (preparing “scholars”) or professional (preparing members of a profession or more generally for the work force). We qualitatively assess the validity of the MR-S by examining its applicability to, and concordance with professional practice standards in three diverse disciplinary examples: (1) History; (2) Statistics and Data Science; and (3) Neurosciences. These domains differ dramatically in terms of content and methodologies, but students in each discipline could either continue on to doctoral training and scholarship, or utilize doctoral or pre-doctoral training in other professions. The MR-S is highly aligned with the practice standards of all three of these domains, suggesting that stewardship can be meaningfully cultivated and utilized by those working in or outside of academia, supporting the initiation of stewardship prior to doctoral training and for all students, not only those who will earn PhDs or be scholars first and foremost. The MR-S can be used for curriculum development or revision in order to purposefully promote stewardship at all levels of higher education and beyond. The MR-S renders features of professional stewardship accessible to all practitioners, enabling formal and informal, as well as self-directed, development and refinement of a professional identity.
48
Noviani, Angeline. "Golden: Reworking the Psychosocial Maldevelopment of the Obedient Kid." K@ta Kita 9, no. 2 (October 23, 2021): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.9.2.259-266.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Well-behaved children might seem well, but may actually harbor self-doubt, a strong sense of guilt, and a weak ego identity which will bring them problems emotionally and socially in their later life. This creative work, Golden, was created to raise a discussion on this issue by trying to answer how children may end up developing these traits, what the effects are, and how to recover. To answer this, Erik Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development is used as the base for this coming-of-age drama musical screenplay. It follows the story of an obedient daughter, Annisa. Connected with the theory, Annisa ended with the dystonic “guilt” in the play age stage because of how her mother raised her. Thus, in adolescent stage she lacks emotional resilience in an initiative-based environment. However, since she is enduring the complications and growing a sense of trust, finally, she achieves balance and is healed.Keywords: good child, Erik Erikson, psychosocial maldevelopment, recovery, coming-of-age drama, musical film
49
Díaz-Álvarez, Edison A., Cesar Manrique, Karina Boege, and Ek del-Val. "Changes in Coleopteran assemblages over a successional chronosequence in a Mexican tropical dry forest." PeerJ 11 (July 12, 2023): e15712. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coleopterans are the most diverse animal group on Earth and constitute good indicators of environmental change. However, little information is available about Coleopteran communities’ responses to disturbance and land-use change. Tropical dry forests have undergone especially extensive anthropogenic impacts in the past decades. This has led to mosaic landscapes consisting of areas of primary forest surrounded by pastures, agricultural fields and secondary forests, which negatively impacts many taxonomic groups. However, such impacts have not been assessed for most arthropod groups. In this work, we compared the abundance, richness and diversity of Coleopteran morphospecies in four different successional stages in a tropical dry forest in western Mexico, to answer the question: How do Coleopteran assemblages associate with vegetation change over the course of forest succession? In addition, we assessed the family composition and trophic guilds for the four successional stages. We found 971 Coleopterans belonging to 107 morphospecies distributed in 28 families. Coleopteran abundance and richness were greatest for pastures than for latter successional stages, and the most abundant family was Chrysomelidae, with 29% of the individuals. Herbivores were the most abundant guild, accounting for 57% of the individuals, followed by predators (22%) and saprophages (21%) beetles. Given the high diversity and richness found throughout the successional chronosequence of the studied tropical dry forest, in order to have the maximum number of species associated with tropical dry forests, large tracts of forest should be preserved so that successional dynamics are able to occur naturally.
50
Salis, Z., J. Driban, T. Mcalindon, and A. Sainsbury-Salis. "POS1379 A NOVEL MEASURE OF END-STAGE KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS REDUCES THE DURATION AND SAMPLE SIZE REQUIRED FOR OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES AND TRIALS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1042.2–1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundTotal knee replacement (TKR) has been used as an outcome measure in research into the causes and possible treatments for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, because KOA progresses slowly, and because TKR has a low incidence, research using TKR as an outcome measure necessitates long duration and/or large sample sizes. Moreover, TKR is influenced by multiple factors (such as education and income) besides the progression of KOA.ObjectivesWe defined a novel outcome measure that signifies end-stage KOA (esKOA); and determined whether esKOA was sensitive enough to detect the effect of an exposure that is known to have a modest effect on reducing TKR, namely weight loss.MethodsA knee was considered to have esKOA if any of the following two conditions were met: 1) moderate, intense, or severe KOA symptoms (i.e., the sum of the pain and disability scores on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) ≥ 12) and severe radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA), defined as a Kellgren and Lawrence Grade (KLG) of 4); or 2) intense or severe KOA symptoms (i.e., the sum of the pain and disability scores on the WOMAC ≥ 23) and frequent knee pain (i.e., knee pain on most days of one or more months in the past 12 months) and mild or moderate RKOA (KLG = 2 or 3). We used data from two prospective cohort studies: the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST). We analyzed the data in two ways: as an observational study; and as an emulated trial. In the emulated trial, participants who lost ≥ 5% of their weight between baseline and 1 - 1.25 years (weight loss group) were matched with participants who gained ≥ 5% of their weight in that same period (weight gain group), using 1:1 nearest-neighbour matching on propensity scores. In both analyses, we used a multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear model. In the observational study, we investigated the association of weight loss between baseline and the following time points with esKOA and TKR at these time points: 1 - 1.25 years; 2 - 2.5 years; and 4 - 5 years. In the emulated trial, we compared the odds of incidence of esKOA and TKR between the weight loss and weight gain group at the following time points: 2 - 2.5 years; and 4 - 5 years.ResultsThe observational study included 7107 participants (58.4% female, mean ± SD age and BMI 61.4 ± 8.8 years and 29.2 ± 5.1 kg/m2at baseline, and an incidence of esKOA of 2.9, 6.8, and 10.4% at 1 - 1.25 years, 2 - 2.5 years, and 4 - 5 years, respectively, and a corresponding incidence of TKR of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.6%. While weight loss was associated with a reduced adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for both esKOA and TKR at 4 - 5 years (for 5% weight loss: 0.85 [95% CI 0.79 - 0.92] for esKOA and 0.79 [0.67 - 0.93] for TKR), weight loss was only associated with a reduced aOR for esKOA - and not TKR - at the earlier time point of 2 - 2.5 years (for 5% weight loss: 0.80 [0.72 - 0.90] for esKOA and 1.05 [0.76 - 1.45] for TKR). At 1 - 1.25 years, there was no association between weight loss and esKOA or TKR. The sample size required to detect a 50% reduction in the odds of esKOA was 6% to 13% of the sample size required for that of TKR (236 versus 3990 at 2 - 2.5 years; 162 versus 1286 at 4 - 5 years). In the emulated trial, compared to the weight gain group (367 participants), the weight loss group (also 367 participants) had significantly lower odds of esKOA but not TKR at 4 - 5 years (0.43 [0.22 - 0.84] for esKOA and 0.39 [0.06 - 2.67] for TKR). There was no difference between groups in the odds of esKOA or TKR at the earlier time point of 2 - 2.5 years in the emulated trial.ConclusionGiven that our novel measure of esKOA could detect an association with weight loss at a time point 1.5 - 3 years earlier than TKR in an observational study, and in a sample size that was too small to detect an association with TKR at 4 - 5 years in an emulated trial, esKOA is recommended as an outcome measure for observational studies and trials investigating causes and possible treatments for KOA. Our powerful novel measure of esKOA enables shorter and smaller – hence cheaper – studies, which can boost the research on effective treatment for KOA.AcknowledgementsWe acknowledge the provision of datasets and/or research tools from two cohort studies: the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) study and the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST.Disclosure of InterestsZubeyir Salis: None declared, Jeffrey Driban Consultant of: Consultant for Pfizer Inc and Eli Lilly and Company., Timothy McAlindon Consultant of: Consultant for Remedium-Bio, Anika, Chemocentryx, Grunenthal, Kolon Tissue Gene, Novartis, BioSplice, Organogenesis, and Pfizer Inc., Amanda Sainsbury-Salis Speakers bureau: Received presentation fees and travel reimbursements from Eli Lilly and Co, the Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Novo Nordisk, the Dietitians Association of Australia, Shoalhaven Family Medical Centres, the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia, and Metagenics, and serving on the Nestlé Health Science Optifast VLCD advisory board from 2016 to 2018.