Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Stabilité de l'air"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Stabilité de l'air"
Allard, Julie, Florie Chevrier, Jean-Paul Laurent, Catherine Coulaud, Alexandre Paci, Irena Jezek, Grisa Mocnik, Guillaume Brulfert, Jean-Luc Besombes, and Jean-Luc Jaffrezo. "Un système de mesure de température pour suivre l'influence de la stabilité atmosphérique sur la qualité de l'air dans la vallée de l'Arve." La Météorologie, no. 106 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/70368.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Stabilité de l'air"
Perring, Loic. "Etude thermodynamique et structurale des alliages binaires et ternaires du ruthénium avec le silicium, le germanium et l'étain et de leur stabilité dans l'air et l'oxygène." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0276_PERRING.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOrrière, Thomas. "Confinement micrométrique des décharges pulsées nanosecondes dans l'air à pression atmosphérique et effets électro-aérodynamiques." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2272/document.
Повний текст джерелаNon-thermal plasmas generated in air at atmospheric pressure have numerous potential applications due to their non-equilibrium chemistry and ease of use. Their main advantages lie in the cost-efficient production of reactive and charged species compared to that of equilibrium chemistry. The aim of this thesis is to combine nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges (NRP) with a microscale geometry. Using this combination, we seek to reduce the excessive heat release of NRP sparks, while nonetheless reaching high densities of reactive species and electrons. This work is comprised of three main parts. Our first goal is to study the breakdown phase, in which energy is deposited and charged species are produced. We employ both electrical characterization and optical emission spectroscopy in order to show that the NRP microplasma fully ionizes and dissociates the gas. The second part consists of the study of the recombination phase, in which the produced species recombine or survive. Results show that three-body recombination can explain the electron lifetime in this phase. Finally, we study the transport of plasma chemical species from the microplasma to a DC-biased conductive plate representing a substrate. By applying a voltage to this third electrode, we drive an electro-thermal plume via an ionic wind from the microplasma to the plate. This flow is investigated mainly by particle image velocimetry as well as Schlieren imaging. This work shows the capability of NRP microplasmas to produce high densities of reactive and charged species and transport them to a surface using an electrohydrodynamic plume
Nunes, Domschke Tamara. "P-doped semiconducting polymers : process optimization, characterization and investigation of air stability." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES020.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) are promising materials for low-cost, flexible, large-area production of printed electronic devices. In this context, molecular doping allows controlling the electrical properties of OSCs, offering a powerful tool to improve the performances of different electronic devices. Despite the progress in the fundamental understanding of the doping mechanism and processing techniques, stability aspects of p-doped OSCs have received little attention. Nevertheless, the stability of the p-doped state in the presence of oxygen and humidity is a crucial factor to be investigated for the integration of doped layers in organic devices.In this thesis, we have studied the molecular doping of disordered polymer semiconductors and the stability of the p-doped state in the presence of oxygen and water-related species. PBDTTT-c and RRa-P3HT were used as polymer hosts and F4TCNQ and Mo(tfd-COCF3)3 as p-dopants. The process conditions have been carefully studied to achieve controlled doping and to optimize the electrical properties. The impact of the dopant concentration was investigated in terms of electrical (conductivity), optical (UV-Vis-NIR) and structural (GIWAXS) properties of doped layers.The stability of the p-doped state was investigated by monitoring the evolution of the doping signatures under three different atmospheres: argon, anhydrous air, and ambient air. XPS analyses were carried out to investigate the impact of air exposure on the chemical state of p-doped layers. Simulations have been used to support our findings.Present results highlighted the presence of an important dedoping mechanism for p-doped semiconducting polymers in the presence of water-related species
El, Habchi Nguyen Sarah. "Transistors organiques à effet de champ pour une électronique flexible et écoresponsable : étude et optimisation d'OFET de type N sur substrats biosourcés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1S091.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of organic materials allows the fabrication of electronic devices at low temperature and on different types of substrates. Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) are one of them, their encouraging electrical performances allow the realization of complex integrated circuits. However, these performances and the electrical and air stability of OFETs still need to be improved. This thesis was part of this context, and consist of two main parts: 1) the achievement of OFETs on rigid substrate at very low temperature 2) the technology transfer to OFETs on flexible biosourced substrate in order to consider new low-cost, portable and even aiming at green and ecoresponsible electronics. For the first part, the objectives were the following : 1) the optimization, the characterization of N-type OFETs and the analysis of their electrical performances, 2) the study of their electrical stability under the effect of a continuous bias, and 3) the improvement of the stability to the ambient environment of these OFETs. For the second part, different objectives were targeted: 1) the optimization of an agar-based film for the fabrication of a biosourced substrate, 2) to ensure the resistance of the film to the different steps of the OFET fabrication, and 3) to study the feasibility of the agar-based OFET to evaluate its electrical stability and to compare its performances to those of the OFET on glass. The obtained results are very encouraging and demonstrated the feasibility of OFET fabricated on these soft biosourced substrates with a field effect mobility µFElin = 7.10-2 cm2/V.s, a threshold voltage VTH = 7 V and a current ratio IDON/ IDOFF = 7.103
Coopman, Quentin. "Impact des aérosols sur les nuages en Arctique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10154/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Arctic region is warming particularly rapidly. The aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) plays an important role on cloud radiative properties and climate change but aerosol impact on cloud microphysical parameters is still poorly understood.In this study we combine measurements from the satellite instruments POLDER-3 and MODIS to temporally and spatially co-localize cloud microphysical properties with carbon monoxide concentrations, passive tracer of aerosol content, from GEOS-Chem and FLEXPART. We also add ERA-I reanalysis of meteorological parameters to stratify meteorological parameters, such as specific humidity and lower tropospheric stability. Thus, observed differences in cloud-microphysical-parameters can be attributed to differences in aerosol content and not in meteorological parameters. We define a net ACI (ACInet) which can be interpreted as a measure of the sensitivity of a cloud at any given location to pollution plumes from distant sources. We study the impact of aerosols from anthropogenic and biomass-burning sources on liquid-cloud microphysical properties in Arctic, between 2005 and 2010, above ocean, and for different meteorological regimes. Our results suggest that the effect of biomass pollution plumes is smaller than the effect of anthropogenic pollution plumes. Meteorological parameters can significantly influence the ACI. We analyze the impact of anthropogenic aerosol on thermodynamic phase transition. The smaller the effective radius, the greater the supercooled temperature, whereas the greater the aerosol concentration, the smaller the supercooled temperature
MOUSSOU, PIERRE-PHILIPPE. "Emission photoelectrique de surfaces metalliques amplifiee par avalanches electroniques dans l'air ambiant. Etude de la stabilite de l'amplification." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066262.
Повний текст джерелаPeng, Yong. "Hybrid Lead Perovskites as Photocatalysts and Materials for Photo- and Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171731.
Повний текст джерела[ES] La conversión de energía solar a productos químicos se considera una de las estrategias más viables para abordar los problemas derivados del uso masivo de combustibles fósiles y la excesiva emisión antropogénica de CO2. En catálisis asistida con luz, incluida la fotocatálisis y la catálisis fototérmica, el punto clave es el desarrollo de fotocatalizadores eficientes y robustos que puedan utilizar al máximo la energía solar y que sean lo suficientemente estables como para su comercialización. Los materiales basados en perovskitas híbridas orgánicas-inorgánicas han revolucionado el campo de la fotovoltaica en la última década, alcanzando una eficiencia de conversión de luz solar del 23%. Dado que los campos de la fotocatálisis y la fotovoltaica comparten procesos comunes, se abre la posibilidad de aplicación de estos materiales en fotocatálisis. Con el objetivo de confirmar esta posible aplicación de las perovskitas híbridas en fotocatálisis, en esta Tesis Doctoral, se han sintetizado nuevos materiales híbridos de perovskita con el objetivo de mejorar su estabilidad frente a la humedad aprovechando la gran variedad de ligandos orgánicos disponibles, que además pueden ser usados para promover modificaciones superficiales capaces de ajustar las propiedades hidrofílicas / hidrofóbicas. La actividad fotocatalítica de estos nuevos materiales de perovskita se ha estudiado en reacciones modelo para confirmar su estabilidad en las condiciones de reacción. Por otro lado, la reacción de fijación de nitrógeno fotoasistida también ha sido estudiada en detalle en esta Tesis Doctoral. Por un lado, se han sintetizado, caracterizado y testado nuevos complejos organometálicos como foto- y electrocatalizadores homogéneos para esta reacción. Estos han demostrado ser capaces de activar la molécula de dinitrógeno bajo un potencial electroquímico de reducción para formar amoníaco. Por otro lado, se han preparado nanopartículas de rutenio depositadas sobre un material de perovskita a base de titanato como fotocatalizador heterogéneo para la producción de amoniaco en flujo continuo. Además, se ha demostrado que la incorporación de metales alcalinos a este fotocatalizador puede potenciar su actividad fotocatalítica en esta reacción. Así, este material compuesto ha demostrado estar entre los fotocatalizadores más eficientes del estado del arte en la actualidad para esta reacción demostrando además una su elevada estabilidad en las condiciones de reacción.
[CA] La conversió d'energia solar en productes químics es considera una de les estratègies més viables per abordar els problemes derivats de l'ús massiu de combustibles fòssils i l'excessiva emissió antropogènica de CO2. En catàlisi assistida amb llum, inclosa la fotocatàlisi i la catàlisi fototèrmica, el punt clau és el desenvolupament de fotocatalitzadors eficients i robustos que puguen utilitzar al màxim l'energia solar i que siguen prou estables com per a la seva comercialització. Els materials basats en perovskites híbrides orgàniques-inorgàniques han revolucionat el camp de la fotovoltaica en l'última dècada, aconseguint una eficiència de conversió de llum solar del 23%. Atès que els camps de la fotocatàlisi i la fotovoltaica comparteixen processos comuns, s'obre la possibilitat d'aplicació d'aquests materials en fotocatàlisi. Amb l'objectiu de confirmar aquesta possible aplicació de les perovskites híbrides en fotocatàlisi, en aquesta tesi doctoral, s'han sintetitzat nous materials híbrids de perovskita amb l'objectiu de millorar la seva estabilitat enfront de la humitat aprofitant la gran varietat de lligands orgànics disponibles, que amés poden ser usats per a promoure modificacions superficials capaços d'ajustar les propietats hidrofíliques / hidrofòbiques. L'activitat fotocatalítica d'aquests nous materials de perovskita s'ha estudiat en reaccions model per confirmar la seva estabilitat en les condicions de reacció. D'altra banda, la reacció de fixació de nitrogen fotoassistida també ha sigut estudiada en detall en aquesta tesi doctoral. D'una banda, s'han sintetitzat, caracteritzat i testat nous complexos organometàl·lics com foto- i electrocatalitzadors homogenis per a aquesta reacció. Aquests han demostrat ser capaços d'activar la molècula de dinitrogen sota un potencial electroquímic de reducció per formar amoníac. D'altra banda, s'han preparat nanopartícules de ruteni depositades sobre un material de perovskita a força de titanat com fotocatalitzador heterogeni per a la producció d'amoníac en flux continu. A més, s'ha demostrat que la incorporació de metalls alcalins a aquest fotocatalitzador pot potenciar la seva activitat fotocatalítica en aquesta reacció. Així, aquest material compost ha demostrat estar entre els fotocatalitzadors més eficients de l'estat de l'art actualment per a aquesta reacció seva demostrant amés una elevada estabilitat en les condicions de reacció.
[EN] Solar energy to chemicals conversion is regarded to be one of the most plausible strategies addressing the issues of fossil fuel crisis and excessive anthropogenic CO2 emission. For photo-assisted catalysis, including photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis, the key point is the development of efficient and robust photocatalysts that can efficiently utilize the solar energy as well as they are stable enough that meets the requirements for commercialization. Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have revolutionized the photovoltaic field in the last decade, reaching a certified sunlight conversion efficiency of 20 %. Since photocatalysis and photovoltaics share common processes, the application of these materials in photocatalysis would be possible. In this Doctoral Thesis, novel hybrid perovskite materials have been synthesized with the aim to improve their stability against moisture by taking advantage large variety of the available organic ligand, which can promote surface modifications capable to adjust the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of these novel perovskite materials has been studied in model reactions in order to confirm their stability under reaction conditions. On the other hand, the photo-assisted nitrogen fixation reaction has been also studied in detail in this Doctoral Thesis. on one hand, new organometallic complexes have been synthetized, characterized and tested as homogeneous photo and electrocatalysts for this reaction. They have been demonstrated to be able to activate dinitrogen molecule under electrochemical cathodic potentials to form ammonia. On the other hand, ruthenium nanoparticles deposited on a titanate-based perovskite material have been prepared and tested as heterogeneous photocatalyst for ammonia production in continuous flow. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the addition of alkali metals to this photocatalyst can boost the photocatalytic activity of this reaction. Thus, this composite material has demonstrated to be among the most efficient photocatalysts in the current state-of-the art for this reaction, as well as very stable under reaction conditions. Considering the large industrial importance of N2 fixation and the mild conditions of pressure and temperature used in the present study, the results of the photo-assisted N2 hydrogenation to ammonia can have a large impact in the area.
Peng, Y. (2021). Hybrid Lead Perovskites as Photocatalysts and Materials for Photo- and Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171731
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