Статті в журналах: "STAAD MODEL"

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Et. al., A. Sharma,. "Analysis Of Steel-Rcc Composite Deck Bridge." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.497.

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: In the literature, provisions for analysis and design of steel-RCC composite deck type truss and cable-stayed bridges do not exist. A composite deck type truss bridge model is analyzed using STAAD Pro V8i software and a model with the same dimensions is tested in the laboratory. The experimental test results are used to validate the STAAD analysis results. Bottom chord strain and mid-span deflection of the composite bridge model as found from the STAAD analysis and the laboratory experiment closely tally with each other. This validates the standard STAAD analysis results. However, in the top chord member, due to shrinkage cracks in the deck slab concrete, the experimentally recorded strain is higher by about 100% than the STAAD analysis result. Shear force in studs is considerably large near supports and joints as compared to the midsection. Therefore, the design of shear studs may be carried out based on the shear forces in the studs found from the STAAD analysis. Thus it is recommended that STAAD or any other standard finite element analysis software can be used for analysis and design of the composite bridges.

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Shaikh, Mr Shoaibaktar Yunus. "Comparative Analysis and Study the Behavior of Transmission Line Tower with using Eccentric and Concentric Bracing System with using STAAD Pro Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 10, 2021): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35012.

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The principle objective of this project is to “Model, Analysis and Study the behavior of transmission line tower with Concentric and Eccentric type of bracing system by using STAAD Pro software”. The Model methods used in STAAD Pro analysis are limit state Design conforming to Indian Standard Code of Practice. STAAD Pro features a state-of-the-art user interface, visualization tools, powerful analysis and design engines with advanced finite element and dynamic analysis capabilities from model generation, analysis and design to visualization and result verification, STAAD Pro is the professional’s choice. Our Final work was the “Comparative Analysis and study the behavior of transmission line tower with Concentric and Eccentric type of bracing system” under various load combinations. Using Indian equal angle section, wind zone II and seismic zone III. And considering the plane terrain

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Srivastav, Shubham, and Deepak Kumar. "A Research Paper on Residential G+2 Story Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 4701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52494.

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Abstract: The principle objective of this project is to analyse and design a multi-storied building {G + 2(3-dimensional frame)} using STAAD Pro. The design involves load calculations manually and analysing the whole structure by STAAD Pro. The design methods used in STAAD-Pro analysis are Limit State Design conforming to Indian Standard Code of Practice. STAAD. Pro features a state-ofthe-art user interface, visualization tools, powerful analysis and design engines with advanced finite element and dynamic analysis capabilities. From model generation, analysis and design to visualization and result verification, STAAD. Pro is the professional’s choice. Initially we started with the analysis of simple 2-dimensional frames and manually checked the accuracy of the software with our results.

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Shah, Manthan I., Vishal B. Patel, and Snehal V. Mevada. "Comparative Study of Conventional Frame and Diagonally Intersecting Metal with Geometric Irregularities." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41283.

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Abstract: Compare the performance of Diagrid structural system and chevron braced frame by using Staad pro software. To analyses the stability of structure in seismic zone according to comparison between bending moment diagram, shear force variation. The STAAD-PRO software is used to develop 3D rendering model and to carry out the analysis. The lateral load such as earthquake to be applied on the buildings are based on the Indian standards. The study is performed for seismic zone –IV (Delhi) as per IS 1893:2002 (Earthquake load). Keyword: Diagrid Structure, Conventional Frame, Tall Buildings, Lateral loads, Staad Pro

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Kurniawan, S,Pd MT, Achendri M., Taufiq Rocman, and Johanes Asdhi Poerwanto. "PERENCANAAN GELAGAR BENTANG 30 METER JALAN LAYANG (FLYOVER) PADA PERSIMPANGAN GADANG KOTA MALANG." PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v13i2.202.

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The purpose of this thesis is to complements the feasibility study of flyover building which is otherwise feasible. The feasibility will be continued to flyover structure plan. The flyover located in the Intersection of Gadang Highway Malang City is planned to have a total length of 290 meters and a width of 8 meters with a bridge division of 20 meters and 30 meters.The method used to plan is LRFD (Load Resistance Factors Design) and loading based on SNI 2016. For statics analysis STAAD Pro v8i program is used. In the 30-meter span bridge girder modeling in the STAAD Pro V8i program there are 2 ways of modeling that is by using a beam model and using a plate model. By making comparisons between the two methods.The results are obtained: The girder with beam model uses 4D22 in compressive reinforcement, 14D25 in flexural reinforcement, 10D13 in side reinforcement and Ø10-200 in shear reinforcement. The girder with plate model uses 5D25 in compressive reinforcement, 16D29 in flexural reinforcement, 8D19 in side reinforcement and Ø10-200 in shear reinforcement.

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Grover, Rakesh, and Bhavesh Kumar Daharwal. "Study of Seismic Effect on High Rise Building in Two Different Position of Shear Wall using Staad Pro." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 4168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51191.

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Abstract: India at present is fast growing economy & Population growth will increase demands of land to construct high rise structure are more advantage to provide they demands in construction industry. The present study reports the effect of earthquake on high rise building to comparison of two different seismic zone with different position of shear wall using STAAD Pro. V8i SS5 to work out effective ideal location of shear walls. G+9 high rise building in zone III & zone V is considered for the present study. Analysis of the building is conferred with some preliminary investigations, analyzed by varied position of shear wall by considering three models as model 1 without shear wall, model 2 shear wall at corner with different position, model 3 shear wall in corner position. Maximum shear wall deflections are calculated and analyzed for all considered model. M30 grade of concrete is used with Fe415 steel is used for the present study. The seismic analysis performed is Equivalent Static Method as per IS 1893-2002 using the well-known analysis and design software STAAD PRO. V8i SS5 . Seismic performance of the building has been investigated based on parameters such as, Base Shear, Storey Displacements & Storey Drift along X direction & along Z direction of the structure

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Choubisa, Jitendra. "Structural Behavior of Steel Structures on the Basis of Computer Simulation Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 1284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49234.

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Abstract: Creating a world class infrastructure that stands aesthetic and performs well structurally is not that easy. As an engineer one must have to keep in mind the applications and structural needs of a building. Talking of structures, RCC structures are quite common to work out with and on the other hand steel structures gives good weight per unit length. Steel structures are also easy to construct and helps in reducing project time. In this paper we have discussed about how structurally a model behaves in regards to its comparison among two computer simulating software viz., etabs and staad pro. Staad pro is there for long in the field of simulation and etabs is easy to workout with the interactive design and functions. We have compared here mainly three types of structures made entirely of steel sections. A Howe roof truss, a Howe bridge truss and a transmission tower. All of them were modeled in both etabs and staad pro and the results were matched. Both the software showed quite same base reaction, bending moment and shear forces. But Etabs shows slightly less bending moment, shear forces & Base reaction with more precision in the respective members as compared to StaadPro. And on the other hand etabs also shows which members is stressed or utilized fully upto its strength, by which one can use an optimized way of designing a structures.

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Miklašēvičs, Z. "The Lasting Calculation Optimization for Wood Poles in Power Lines Designing." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 26, 2006): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.2004.

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Power lines in company „Latvenergo” are designed by program STAAD-111. Information involved in program contains data about the length of wood poles, wood poles strength rate, space between wood poles, the region of wind where the designed power line is intended to be exploited, the division of wood poles in the investigation stages where the data about strength parametrs are needed, the type of wires, the wood pole density, the wood pole module of flexibility . Following parameters are calculated: the support connection reactions, shear resistance, twist moment, bending tension and combined tension. After the analyses of results the assumptive load is applied on wood poles in three- dimension plane is determined. For power lines design optimization there are offered: ? the calculation data based on experimentally obtained wood strength parametrs; ? the statistical appreciation and strength parameters estimation model which is based on technological process distribution into control points; ? the calculation algorithm for the project programm STAAD-111 based on experimentally obtained wood strength parametrs.

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9

Balaji, G. C., S. S. Vivek, P. A. Edwin Fernando, B. Karthikeyan, P. Jaishankar, and V. Rathinakumar. "Structural Optimization of RC Columns in a Multi-storeyed Building by Tree-Columns Subjected to Lateral Loads." E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340503001.

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It has become the agenda to use the bottom storey as the parking area in the multi-storey buildings and it has been quite a disturbance caused by RCC columns occupying more while projecting down to the ground. To get rid of this disturbance and for the aesthetic appearance, the number of columns in the bottom storey has to be reduced so that number of the footing will also get reduced. To achieve this, the five-storey RCC framed structure of plan area 30m X 33m which is assumed to be situated in Chennai with each storey height of 4m is modelled in STAAD Pro software in the way that the loads from the four columns present in the ends of each room will be transferring to the single-column placed in the centre of each room at the bottom storey. Then the necessary loads such as Gravity loads, Seismic loads, Wind loads, and software-generated automatic load combinations were applied to the generated model and the analysis was carried out. Similarly, the conventional model of the same plan was also analyzed by STAAD Pro software with the same set of load cases, and a comparative study of structural parameters such as bending moment, shear force, and deflection was done. Finally, both the models were designed as per IS code and Cost analysis between the two models was carried out.

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Pandey, S., and B. Bijoy. "Performance of Different Bracing Patterns for Moderately Tall Steel Buildings Subjected to Lateral Load." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.683.

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In the present work, a model of moderately tall steel building G+20 storied, has been developed and then analysed for lateral load using design software STAAD Pro. Performance of different types of bracing systems are checked under gravity load and wind load. Various results such as bending moment, shear force, lateral deflections, storey drift, axial load on columns are extracted from this analysis and studied meticulously. In few cases of brace pattern effect of providing eccentricity are also studied to suggest optimum positioning of these bracing systems.

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Singh, Anamika, Rajeev Singh Parihar, Abhay Kumar Jha, Barun Kumar, and Rajesh Misra. "Seismic Analysis for Zone III, IV, V of (G+14) Multistorey Building with Bracings System Using Staad Pro Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48391.

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Abstract: This present study focuses G +14 Simple Building model In STAAD PRO software. With beam size 300 X 400 mm and column size 400 X 500 mm this reinforced concrete building having M30 grade of Concrete and Fe415 high density steel. To study the response of building with and without bracing system. The performance of the building is analyzed in Zone III, Zone IV, Zone V. Metallic braces is the easiest of simplest way of reducing response of building which gave rise to nine models for the analysis.Model1 in -BFB- Bare frame RCC Building.Model2 in -BX1-Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side along X-direction.Model3 in -BY2- Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side along Y-direction.Model4 in -BXY3- Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side along X and Y-direction.Model5 in-BEC4- Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side around the corners. This system of bracing is used because eccentric bracing systems consist of a link element that undergoes inelastic deformation for energy dissipation. This link is possibly beam element of frame structure which is more suitable for steel structures and not for reinforced concrete structures and a shear wall is a structural panel that can withstand the impact of lateral forces on it. Lateral forces are those parallel to the wall plane and are usually wind loads and seismic loads. This building has been modeled as 3D Space frame model with six degree of freedom at each node using STAAD PRO. software for stimulation of behavior under gravity and seismic loading.

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Mankar, Priyanka M., H. R. Nikhade, Er Minal Dehadrai, and Khalid Ansari. "Analysis of Circular Elevated Service Reservoir Using STAAD Pro by Considering the Effect of Continuity." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 2603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2303.

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In most regions of the country, early damage of elevated water tanks during their service life is becoming an increasing concern. The majority of damage occurs in tanks due to a lack of knowledge in design and ignoring continuity effect. Elevated water tank are used for storage of water at certain height and supplying water for essential usage. Hence damage of such structure endanger supply of drinking water and severe economical losses. The main purpose of this research is to determine the importance of continuity analysis in practical application and use of staadpro software to analyse an elevated circular water tank. The bottom joint of water tank is examined using continuity effect. This is the common joint where base slab, wall, bottom rings beam, gallery, column and base beam join. water tank is subjected to self-weight and hydrostatic Pressure due to water. Continuity effect increase stress, Hoop tension, BM hence its necessary to consider its effect while designing the tank. The results obtained from staadpro software is nearly same with manual result. This indicated that staadpro is suitable for design and analysis of water tanks. Three model having capacity of 55 m3, 125 m3 and 221 m3 situated in yavatmal, buldana and ramtek district is taken for analysis. Seismic analysis and wind analysis is also carried out on this model for safety purpose.

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Nema, Aashish, and Dr Rajeev Chandak. "Review on Analysis of Structure and Design of Steel Bridge Using Staad Pro Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 2325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49867.

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Abstract: In this study the T-beam bridge is to be analysis on the staad pro sofware. A T-beam bridge is composite concrete structure which is composed of slab panel, longitudinal girder and cross girder. This project looks on the work of analysis and design of bridge deck and beam on software the specific bridge model is taken of a particular span and carriageway width the bridge is subjected to different IRC loadings like IRC Class AA, IRC Class 70R tracked loading etc. in order to obtain maximum bending moment and shear force. From the analysis it is observed and understand the behavior of bridge deck under different loading condition and comparing the result. The different codes of design will be use in this project are IRC 5-2015,IRC 6-2016, IRC 112-2011, IRC 21-2000.

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Norton, Elizabeth K., Daniel G. Linzell, and Jeffrey A. Laman. "Examination of Response of a Skewed Steel Bridge Superstructure During Deck Placement." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1845, no. 1 (January 2003): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1845-08.

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The response of a 74.45-m (244-ft 0-in.) skewed bridge to the placement of the concrete deck was monitored to compare measured and predicted behavior. This comparison was completed to ( a) determine theoretical deflections and rotations with analytical models for comparison to actual deformations monitored during construction; ( b) compare the results of various levels of analysis to determine the adequacy of the methods; and ( c) examine variations on the concrete placement sequence to determine the most efficient deck placement methods. Two levels of analysis were used to achieve the objectives. Level 1 was a two-dimensional finite element grillage model analyzed with STAAD/Pro. Level 2 was a three-dimensional finite element model analyzed with SAP2000. These studies are discussed and findings are presented.

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Mogaji, T. S., S. T. Fasasi, A. O. Ogundairo, and I. A. Oluwagbemi. "DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A PICO HYDROELECTRIC TURBINE SYSTEM." FUTA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 16, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51459/futajeet.2022.16.1.418.

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Hydroelectric power is both an efficient and reliable form of a clean source of renewable energy. It can be an excellent method of harnessing renewable energy from small rivers and streams. A Pico hydroelectric power system of a cross-flow turbine type is designed and simulated in this study. Model parameters such as runner diameter, runner length, blade spacing, radius of blade curvature, shaft diameter, water jet thickness, turbine speed, turbine power and the number of blades that play major role to achieve the turbine maximum efficiency were determined theoretically. The designed Hydro-electric power system’s maximum efficiency was estimated to be 87% with a head of 6390 mm at a flow rate of 0.089 . Numerically, analysis of the designed power generation system was carried out using (structural analysis and design) STAAD pro connect software and ANSYS tool. The performance evaluation results using the STAAD pro software for the system water reservoir sitting stanchion simulation indicated that the stanchion will not fail while carrying the load. Similarly, the numerical analysis of the designed cross-flow turbine type in this work using the ANSYS tool revealed that the shaft will be able to withstand deformation due to torsion when subjected to a maximum torque of 51.46 Nm. Hence the designed hydroelectric power system will be efficient to produce a 5kVA electrical power

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R., Balamuralikrishnan, and Ibrahim Shabbir Mohammedali. "Comparative Study on Two Storey Car Showroom Using Pre-engineered Building (PEB) Concept Based on British Standards and Euro Code." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (April 28, 2019): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091296.

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Majority of steel structures are used for low-rise single storey buildings mainly for industrial purpose. Steel structures are preferred for industrial buildings due to its higher strength to weight ratio as compare to RCC structures and steel structures also gives more free internal space by allowing long clear span between columns. Pre-engineered building (PEB) is a modern age concept of utilizing structural steel and optimizing the design by ensuring the economical integrity of the structure. The structural members are designed and fabricated in the factory under controlled environment to produce optimum sections by varying the thickness of the sections along the length of the member as per the bending moment requirement. The aim of the research paper is to analyses and design a PEB car showroom of two storey (G+1) using STAAD Pro in accordance to British standards (BS 5950-1:2000) and Euro codes (EC3 EN-1993-1) with wind and seismic analysis. In order to achieve the above aim of the project, two models of the car showroom were created namely British Standard (BS) model and Euro code (EC) model using STAAD Pro. The member property for BS model is assigned with tapered frame sections while the EC model is assigned with universal standard section frames. The load cases were assigned to the models for analysis include dead load, live load, wind load and seismic load. Wind load and seismic load being the critical dynamic loads that will be analyzed for the stability of the structure against lateral forces. The results from the analysis and design of the two models were within the allowable limits for ultimate and serviceability limit state since the internal stresses in all the members satisfies the unity check ratio requirements for both design codes. The dynamic analysis results suggest that EC model has higher resistance to seismic loading as compare to BS model since the maximum displacement with time in X-direction for EC model is 8.83 mm and for BS model is 10.5 mm. The total weight of the structure for BS model is 1125.431 kN and for EC model is 1214.315 kN, which makes EC model 7.9% heavier than BS model. Moreover, the total weight of all the portal frames for BS model is 457.26 kN and for EC model is 574.725 kN, which makes tapered frame sections to utilize and reduce the amount of steel by 25.7%. Therefore, BS model proved to be an economical model when compared to Euro code.

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Thorat, Mr Vaibhav, and Mr Samyak Parekar. "Pre Engineering Building as a Modern Era: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40955.

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Abstract: Now A Days the cost and time of construction is in more priority for the client with the large working area for various uses. For the economically and minimum loss of material, pre-engineered building system (PEBs) has many advantage, because it gives more column free space at low cost. Pre-engineered metal buildings are more reliable for various uses like complex industrial facilities, warehouses and distribution centres, stock-house, shopping malls, resort, motor court, office, cabin, service complex, aircraft-hanger, athletics and fun stadium, study places, temples, hospitals, and any types of industrial structures. In the pre-engineered metal building system, the rigid frame consists of slab.The performance of the models in terms of weight comparison, cost comparison and time comparison. In this study, an industrial structure (factory truss) is analysed and designed according to the Indian standards, IS 800-1984, IS 800-2007. The various loads like dead, live, wind, seismic and snow loads according as per IS codes are considered for the present work for relative study of Pre-Engineered Buildings (PEB) and Conventional Steel Building (CSB). To compare the consequences of the numerous parametric studies to perform the variations in terms of sheer force, support reaction, weight correlation and cost evaluation. Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB) without bracings is done in two examples. Later Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB) is analysed for Dynamic loads using El-Centro specified ground motion. STAAD Pro in accordance to British standards (BS 5950-1:2000) and Euro codes (EC3 EN-1993-1) with wind and seismic analysis. In order to achieve the above aim of the project, two models of the car showroom were created namely British Standard (BS) model and Euro code (EC) model using STAAD Pro. Keyword: Pre-engineered building (PEB), Conventional steel Building (CSB), Dynamic load, conventional structure, STAAD.pro software, Time History Analysis.

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Naghate, Shital, and Dr A. R. Gupta. "Analysis of Rectangular Water Tank Using Fem Method." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46653.

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Abstract: All know that water is the most vital requirement of human beings for better livelihood. As the population is growing day by day in our country with rapid speed it is the need of time to study storage capacity and shapes of storage tanks. These tanks are very useful in such areas where rivers do not flow for the whole year and water available only during monsoon season through rainfall. Present study deals with the analysis of water tanks using the FEM method using Staad pro software. The finite-element method is a computational method that subdivides a CAD model into very small but finite-sized elements of geometrically simple shapes. The collection of all these simple shapes constitutes the so-called finite-element mesh.

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Koul, Sheetal, and Sourabh Lalotra. "Analysis and Design of Highrise Building G+12 With Swimming Pool at Top and Shaer Wall by Using Staad-Pro with Seismic Loading in All Zones." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48983.

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Abstract: In these modern days the Buildings are made to fulfill our basic aspects and better Serviceability. The aim of the Structural engineers are to design the structures safe, durable and economical. It is not an issue to construct a Building any how its, important to construct an efficient building which will serve for many years without showing any failure. Unique structures need more time for its time consuming calculations, if we use manual methods. STAAD Pro provides us a quick results. It is easy to use for analyze and design any structure for more accuracy. In the STAAD Pro limit state method is use as per Indian Standard Code and Practices. We can conclude that this software can save much time and very accurate in designs. The Project aims in finding better technique for creating Geometry, defining the cross sections for column and beam etc., Creating supports (to define a support weather it is fixed or pinned),then the Loads are defined (mainly under seismic and wind loads). After that the model is analyzed by ‘run analysis’. Then reviewing (whether beam column passed in loads or failed) results. Then the design performed. After all analysis, We can say that there is a much variation in results as the positon of swimming pool plays an important role in the designing of the building and here it’s been concluded that the single side positon pool comprises the best position for the regular buildings and the kind I shear wall suggested within this analysis turns out to be more effective and can achieve maximum safety towards earthquake.

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Burman, Aditya kumar. "Transient Effect of Random Loads on Reinforced Cement Concrete Building on RCC Building with Staad Pro. V8i." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 15573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.15573ecst.

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Abstract. Dynamic load is one which changes with time quickly in comparison to the structure's natural frequency. If it varies quickly, the activity must be determined with a dynamic analysis. Explosive loads and impact loads are transients, or loads that are applied dynamically as one-half cycle of high amplitude. This transient load is applied only for a specific and typically short period of time in the case of blast loads typically less than one-tenth of a second. The response of the engineering structural building due to the reason of periodic load RCC building structure has been severely damaged, collapse and develop cracks. Bomb blast is the best example for impulsive load. To determine the response of a G+3 RCC building model in STAAD Pro subjected to triangular, rectangular and sinusoidal impulsive force for 0.5 seconds with maximum magnitude of 100kN. Effect of such loads on front, roof and side portion of the building studied. Observe that the critical deformations obtained on the front and roof portion of building. Effect of deformation along height of building was parabolic in nature with maximum deflection at top floor of building. It was also noted i.e sufficient reinforcement should be provided in beam, columns and slabs to impart ductility to the building against impulse loads.There is more demand for construction of high buildings due to increasing urbanization and population.

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Ahamad, Abrar, Ankit Pal, and Mayank Choudhary. "Determine the Best Location of Porch in Multistory Building with Seismic Loading." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 10, no. 01 (October 31, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.10.1.12.

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In the new era of high rise building the current job deals with the analysis, design of multi storey structure subjected to lateral load condition with different porch location . In adding up to the dead load and imposed load, the earthquake loads are applied to the structure and analysis of structure carried out. The design software staad pro software has been used for design and analysis. In the current era or scenario, a structure of G+12 situated in zone III is considered for Analysis. The Analysis is carried out for seismic zone III. The structure model are analyzed and compared with different porch location for the seismic zone III as per IS 1893-2016 for response spectrum analysis. The assessment of results is carried out for Displacement, Storey Shear, and Base Shear etc. The results are obtained and represented in the forms of graphs and tables for the seismic zone.

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Singh, Priyanka, Mirza Jahangir Baig, Bhumika Pandey, and Kartik Papreja. "Analysis of the behaviour of Cable stayed bridge with different types of Pylon." E3S Web of Conferences 304 (2021): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130402006.

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Cable stayed bridges are known for their good stability, It has been the most favorable use of structural design, for comparatively low designing and maintenance costs, and for effective structural characteristics. Therefore, this type of bridges are gaining popularity and are generally selected for long spans when compared to suspension bridges. A cable stayed bridge comprises of pylons with cables withstanding the weight of deck. There are different types of pylons i.e. ; H-type pylon, A-type pylon, inverted Y-type pylon, and diamond shaped pylon. In this paper the bridge design, model, and analyses for these different types of pylons is done using STAAD Pro. The comparison for three cases are done on the basis of shear force and bending moment in terms of self weight to obtain the most efficient type of pylon design. The results thus obtained are useful in limiting the drawbacks of other types of pylon.

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Shrirame, Sharad, Prof Sanjay Dhenge, and Prof Girish Sawai. "Comparative Analysis of Lateral Loads Resisting System for RCC Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42719.

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Abstract: This research work focuses on comparison of seismic analysis of G+12 story buildings stiffened with shear wall at various locations. The performance of the building is analysed in Zone II, for Mumbai city. This research paper includes understanding the main zone factor that tends the structure to perform poorly during lateral moments caused by earthquake in order to achieve their appropriate behaviour under future earthquakes. The analysed structure is symmetrical, G+12, Ordinary RC moment-resting frame (OMRF). Modelling of the structure is done by using staad proV8i software. The Time period used for the seismic calculations of the structure in both the direction is achieved from the software and as per IS 1893(part I):2016 seismic analysis has conducted. The Lateral seismic forces of RC frame are carried out using equivalent static method as per IS 1893(part I): 2016. The purpose of present work is to understand that the structures need to have suitable Earthquake resisting features to safely resist large lateral forces exerted on structure during lateral movement of structure. Shear walls are efficient (model no.3), In terms of effectiveness in minimizing lateral movement and damage caused due to the earthquake in structure the conventional frame system also provides the resistance to structure but it is unable to minimise the damage caused by the earthquake in structure. A comparative analysis is done in terms of Base shear, Displacement, Axial load, Moments in Z direction in columns and maximum bending moments in beams. Keywords: Stadd-pro, seismic excitation ,ordinary RC frame structure

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24

Desai, K. Y., V. R. Dhut, and K. N. Sheth. "Dynamic Analysis of Block-Type Machine Foundation Using Barkan’s Model for Various Soil Parameters." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.616.

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Machine foundation involves both the static loads and the dynamic loads caused by working of the machine. The machine weighs several tons and is required to restrict amplitudes to only a few microns. Inadequately constructed foundations may result in failures exceeding many times the cost of the capital investment required for properly designed foundations. This necessitated a deeper scientific investigation of dynamic loading and analysis. Method proposed by Barkan (recommended by IS: 2974-1982) for design of machine foundations under harmonic load, still remains the most popular method for vibration analysis of block foundations in Indian industry. Finite Element (FE) is very commonly accepted analysis tool for solution of engineering problems. Effective Pre and Post-processing capabilities make modeling and result interpretation simple. The current paper aims to do the parametric study of dynamic analysis of block foundation using Barkan’s method. For the same, three different machines of 150 rpm, 250 rpm and 450 rpm are taken into account and six different soil types: (a) Medium, Stiff and Hard Clay and (b) Loose, Medium and Dense Sand are considered. Foundation sizes are optimized according to soil cases and each case is analysed using conventional method and FEM model using STAAD Pro. for 0.8, 1 and 1.2 times the soil parameters to cover the confidence range. This study is further extended for the comparison of concrete quantity consumed. The results grossly show that as the clay varies from medium to hard, and sand from loose to dense, the foundation size required, decreases. It was seen that, with the increase in stiffness of soil, natural frequency of machine foundation soil system increases and amplitude of foundation reduces. Also, FEM method of analysis indicates safer amplitude of foundation compared to classical method of analysis, inferring to conventional method being conservative.

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Natalicchio, Cortney, Hadi Al-Khateeb, Michael J. Chajes, Zheng Y. Wu, and Harry W. Shenton III. "Model calibration of a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge based on structural health monitoring data: Influence of concrete variability." Bridge Structures 18, no. 1-2 (September 28, 2022): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/brs-220195.

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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems, in combination with controlled load tests, can provide valuable data for calibrating high fidelity bridge models, which can then be used for evaluating the long-term performance of the bridge, improved load ratings, and permit vehicle evaluation. The objective of this research was to calibrate a 3D model of the Indian River Inlet (IRIB) cable-stayed bridge, using strains recorded by the bridge SHM system during a controlled load test. The bridge was modeled in STAAD-Pro and calibrated using a pre-commercialized software platform that uses a Generic Algorithm to minimize the error between the measured and predicted strains. The calibration parameters were the elastic modulus of groups of the main longitudinal edge girder/deck elements, which once calibrated, could be related to the measured concrete strength of the members. Four different models were investigated, using 6, 10, 14, and 18 parameter element groups of the edge girder members. Of the different models, the 14 and 18 parameter models yielded the best results. The “design” model yielded errors as high as 42% when compared to the measured strains; the error was less than 10% for the majority of measurements for the 14-parameter model. Including the effect of the traffic barriers in the model, the weighted average concrete strength of the calibrated model was within 4% of the measured weighted strength. The calibration was shown to be insensitive to measurement noise and was validated using several unique single and multi-vehicle load cases that were heavier and more offset from the centerline of the bridge. The calibration procedure was able to capture the variability in flexural stiffness of the edge girders due to the variability of the concrete, resulting in significantly better agreement between the live load measured strains and the model predicted strains.

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Mule, Susmita Y., and S. R. Kadam. "Study Behaviour of PEB Structure with Isolated Foundation Considering Soil Structure Interaction." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47212.

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Abstract: In this study behaviour and concept of Pre- Engineered structure & SSI is included. Behavioural study of preengineered building is observed in this paper. Soil structure interaction (SSI) taken into consideration to study the interface between Soil and the structure rested on that soil. Many resources can be used to gather information on the present theories and practices, including IEEE explorer, technical papers, journal, conferences, patent information research thesis, international and national workshop proceedings. The following case studies the influence of soil structure interaction on pre-engineered building (PEB). By considering the fixed support conditions at the base of structure, the structural behaviour is analysed. The structural response of building seems to be affected because in conventional method the foundation flexibility of soil mass has been ignored. Winkler’s spring model approach is used for the analysis of soil flexibility by integrating. The effect of SSI on various parameters like base shear, lateral displacement, etc. are studied and discussed. The subgrade must be modelled adequately well to get real behaviour of superstructure. The analysis is administered in STAAD Pro. connect edition software using response spectra of IS 1893-2016

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Benyamin, Putu Axel, Jonie Tanijaya, and Benny Kusuma. "Perencanaan Struktur Cantilever Bentang Panjang Menggunakan Rangka Pratt Truss." Paulus Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52722/pcej.v4i1.378.

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In designing a truss cantilever structure with a predetermined long span, it will certainly look for a model of long-span structure with a profile that is able to withstand the given load. This can be done by planning a model of the pratt truss long-span structure. The main purpose of this final task is to produce a design of a long-span cantilever structure that is part of a unique building using a pratt truss model. The long-span pratt truss cantilever structure is analyzed using the MDSolids v.4.1.0 program to compute the inner forces working on each component of the designed frame structure, while the STAAD Pro Connect v.22 program analyzes the deformation of the design cantilever structure profile. The planning of this long-span cantilever structure is designed with reference to SNI 1727:2020 on minimum design load and related criteria for buildings and other structures, and SNI 1729:2020 on specifications for structural steel buildings. The result of the planning obtained is the dimensions of the beam bar profile needed. Pratt truss long-span structure is able for used as a cantilever long-span structure. This is seen from the results of calculations using computer programs where the pratt truss model has a deformation/deflection structure that occurs not exceeding the specified limit, and the results of the profile design used safely in receiving loads, although the results of calculation analysis there are the most critical rod elements in withstanding the load of the axial force of the press, namely the t1 and b2 rods. While the most critical rods in withstanding the load of axial force pull are the rods d1 and a1.English translation.

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Zhang, X., and Y. Lei. "A linkage among whole-stand model, individual-tree model and diameter-distribution model." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 12 (December 17, 2010): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/102/2009-jfs.

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Stand growth and yield models include whole-stand models, individual-tree models and diameter-distribution models. In this study, the three models were linked by forecast combination and parameter recovery methods one after another. Individual-tree models combine with whole-stand models through forecast combination. Forecast combination method combines information from different models, disperses errors generated from different models, and then improves forecast accuracy. And then the forecast combination model was linked to diameter-distribution models via parameter recovery methods. During the moment estimation, two methods were used, arithmetic mean diameter and quadratic mean diameter method (A-Q method), and arithmetic mean diameter and diameter variance method (A-V method). Results showed that the forecast combination for predicting stand variables outperformed over the stand-level and tree-level models respectively; A-V method was superior to A-Q method on estimating Weibull parameters; these three different models could be linked very well via forecast combination and parameter recovery.

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Martínez Pastur G, J., M. Cellini J, V. Lencinas M, and L. Peri P. "Stand growth model using volume increment/basal area ratios." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 3 (March 18, 2008): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3100-jfs.

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Estimation of stand growth is crucial for forest planning. Estimations were usually done using fixed values, and recently growth equations have been used. An alternative is through stand growth models. The objective was to develop a simple model for Nothofagus pumilio stands with full density along site quality and age gradients. The sample was obtained from 125 stands. Data on forest structure and samples for tree-ring measurement were taken in all trees to estimate growths using biometric models previously developed. The growth values of each plot during the last twenty years were calculated to fit the model, using the ratio of total volume increment/basal area as an independent variable. The developed model gives a ratio between stand volume increment and basal area (m/year) in relation to the site quality and stand age. The statistics (r2 = 0.819, mean error = 0.019, absolute mean error = 0.033), residual analysis and biological performance were satisfactory. The obtained stand growths varied between 1 and 20 m3/ha/year. This simple model allowed to estimate growth values at a stand level from easy field measurements from forest inventories.

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Teli, Sujay, Palak Kundhani, Virag Choksi, and KannanK R. Iyer. "Effect of Seismic Analysis Approach and Provision of Shear Walls on Parameters for Raft Foundation Design." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.725.

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The present work attempts to understand the effect of different methods of seismic analysis on the design of building raft foundation. The study also evaluates the role of shear wall on the foundation response. A ten storey building with raft foundation has been analyzed in STAAD Pro using three different seismic analysis methods, viz., Linear static analysis, Linear dynamic analysis and Non-linear dynamic analysis. Furthermore, building with two different arrangements of shear walls (peripheral and core region) are studied by Non-linear dynamic analysis and compared with the model without shear wall. The raft is modeled with plate elements supported by soil springs using Winkler's approach. To consider the effect of different soil and raft stiffness, three different soil spring values and two raft thickness values have been considered. It has been concluded from the study that linear static analysis yields lower values of all foundation design parameters (viz., base pressure, settlement, foundation bending moment and shear stress) as compared to dynamic analysis. Dynamic analysis yields higher variation in base pressure and settlement distribution, which suggests adopting dynamic analysis approach for obtaining more realistic response, especially for settlement sensitive structures. Further the provision of shear wall has negligible influence on base pressure and settlement of foundation, while maximum bending moment and shear stress in foundation increases. Hence, provision of shear wall may increase cost of foundation, however, considering its role in improving structural integrity, shear walls are deemed important. Further, the increase in soil stiffness and reduction in raft thickness yields higher maximum base pressure and variation in base pressure, which confirms the importance of considering the effect of soil-foundation interaction for design of foundation. It is opined that the findings of the study would help in more realistic foundation design to achieve better performance during its life cycle.

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Dzięgielewski, Kamil. "The optical missile seeker test stand description." Mechanik, no. 7 (July 2015): 559/217–559/222. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.7.232.

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Weber, G. "Modell einer Prüfstandsautomatisierung / Model of an automated test stand." Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 85, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zwf-1990-850308.

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Brunner, Andreas. "A light model for spatially explicit forest stand models." Forest Ecology and Management 107, no. 1-3 (August 1998): 19–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00325-3.

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Suripah, Mrs. "TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS (STAD) DAN TIPE THINK-PAIR-SHARE (TPS) PADA SISWA SMP." Jurnal Pengajaran Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 6, no. 1 (September 21, 2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18269/jpmipa.v20i2.575.

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This study aimed to get empirical evidence about the effectiveness of STAD and TPS cooperative learning on junior high school students’ achievement and interest in mathematics. This study was a quasi- experimental research design with completely randomized factorial design. Sample were seventh grade students from two schools in Kebumen. The research instruments consisted of tests and interest questionnaire which contains questions and statement to determine the effectiveness of the learning model on students’ achievement and interest. The results showed that there was significant difference in achievement for STADA class (p = 0.046), STADB (p = 0.000), TPSA (p = 0.000), and TPSA (p = 0.042). In terms of interest, STAD and TPS significantly differed (p = 0.001, p <0.005). Multivariate analysis results show that there was interaction between learning model with the type of school (p = 0.001, p <0.005). It can be concluded that STAD and TPS cooperative learning were effective from the aspect of students' achievement and interest in mathematics. Keywords: achievements, cooperative learning, interest in learning mathematics, STAD, TPSABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris tentang keefektifan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan TPS ditinjau dari aspek prestasi dan minat siswa SMP terhadap matematika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain completely randomized factorial design. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII dari dua sekolah yang ada di Kabupaten Kebumen. Instrumen penelitian terdiri atas tes dan angket minat yang berisi soal-soal uraian dan item pernyataan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran ditinjau dari aspek prestasi dan minat belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan prestasi yang signifikan untuk kelas STADA (p= 0,046), STADB (p= 0,000), TPSA (p= 0,000), dan TPSA (p= 0,042). Pada aspek minat, kelas STAD dan TPS juga berbeda signifikan (p=0,001,). Hasil analisis Multivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan jenis sekolah (p=0,001). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan tipe TPS efektif ditinjau dari aspek prestasi maupun minat siswa terhadap matematika. Kata kunci: pembelajaran kooperatif, STAD, TPS, prestasi, dan minat belajar matematika.

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Dundage, Shivprasad, and Prof N. P. Phadtare. "Comparative Study of Intze Type of Water Tank for Different Bracing Pattern under Wind and Seismic Load." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 3817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52276.

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Abstract Overhead water tank is a water storage facility supported by a tower and constructed at an elevation to provide useful storage and pressure for a water distribution system. Safety as well as working of such structures is considered as very crucial during earthquakes, since they put up for necessities like drinking water, firefighting during fire accidents, etc. Such structures should stay in operating condition even after several earthquakes. This RC overhead water tanks involves huge water mass supported on the top of tank supporting system known as staging. This investigation is basically to discover the seismic behavior of RC overhead water tanks. In this study, a FEM based model is used for finding out the nonlinear seismic performance of RC overhead water tanks with several staging variations. The staging that is different bracing patterns considered in this study in lateral and vertical direction, which relatively increases the strength and stiffness of tank in supporting system. Staad models are prepared and analyze for different seismic zones as well as for cyclonic regions and observed the parameters such as base shear, base moment and lateral displacement. The commercial software STAAD.Pro is used for structural analysis. Since the seismic response of water tank structure depends on its dynamic properties and frequency of ground motion. This seismic analysis of overhead water tank structure cannot be carried out on the basis of maximum value of ground acceleration because of nonavailability of ground acceleration data at every location. Hence for seismic analysis of overhead water tank, earthquake response spectrum analysis is widely used. While using this method, smooth design spectra is used to determine the value of displacement and forces in members at every mode of vibration. Octagonal, Radial, Cross, Alternate tie , Diagonal and X- type bracings are used to analyze the structure under all the seismic zones viz. II, III, IV & V. Also observed the behavior of tank for cyclonic region where wind load is increased by 30%. Analysed the overhead water tanks of same capacity for different bottom dome deviation angles and concluded.

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Taufik, M. "KONTRIBUSI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA." SCHOOL EDUCATION JOURNAL PGSD FIP UNIMED 8, no. 1 (June 10, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v8i1.9893.

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37

,, Fauziah. "Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe stad untuk meningkatkan ketuntasan belajar siswa pada pokok bahasan termokimia." Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkim.v9i3.8384.

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Magnussen, Steen, and Johannes Breidenbach. "Retrieval of among-stand variances from one observation per stand." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 4 (April 30, 2020): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/141/2019-jfs.

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Forest inventories provide predictions of stand means on a routine basis from models with auxiliary variables from remote sensing as predictors and response variables from field data. Many forest inventory sampling designs do not afford a direct estimation of the among-stand variance. As consequence, the confidence interval for a model-based prediction of a stand mean is typically too narrow. We propose a new method to compute (from empirical regression residuals) an among-stand variance under sample designs that stratify sample selections by an auxiliary variable, but otherwise do not allow a direct estimation of this variance. We test the method in simulated sampling from a complex artificial population with an age class structure. Two sampling designs are used (one-per-stratum, and quasi systematic), neither recognize stands. Among-stand estimates of variance obtained with the proposed method underestimated the actual variance by 30-50%, yet 95% confidence intervals for a stand mean achieved a coverage that was either slightly better or at par with the coverage achieved with empirical linear best unbiased estimates obtained under less efficient two-stage designs.

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Samosir, Katrina. "Implementation of STAD Type Cooperative Learning Model Oriented on Problem Based Learning in Discrete Mathematics." PARADIKMA: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA 16, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/paradikma.v16i1.43160.

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The objective of study are reveal to : 1) Determine that the implementation-oriented models of cooperative learning on problem based learning can improve student learning outcomes in discrete mathematics, 2) Knowing that application of cooperative learning model which is based on problem-oriented learning can improve students’ understanding of concept of discrete mathematics, 3)Knowing that application of cooperative learning model which is based on problem-oriented learning can improve students’ understanding of proof or solving problems on discrete mathematics.The method of research used a classroom action research and that becomes the subject of research is the sixth semester students who follow a discrete mathematics 2 course.After using this strategy in cycle 1, of the achievement test showed levels mastery learning class is 81.2% with an average value of 83.9.It shows that the implementation of the Model Application Oriented Learning Cooperative Learning Problem Based on Discrete Mathematics 2 successful. It means that the learning model to improve learning outcomes of students.Application of Cooperative Learning Model Oriented Problem based Learning can improve students’ understanding of concepts and improve student’s ability to prove or solving problems on Discrete Mathematics 2. Acquired 84.9% of the students understand the concepts with an average value of 85.6% on Discrete Mathematics 2. The percentage of students understand the concept at a competent level of ability (B) or very competent (A) is only 41.36%.This is due to the performance of the student group discussion is d not optimal, because there are three aspect that the average score of more than two an less than three,namely (1) the focus and meaning of the question, (2) ability to respond to questions other groups, and (3) clarity in argued the question or comments of other groups. Required to mitigate increased frequency of exercise solve problems on the discussion group.

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40

Zając, Kamil, and Wiesław Krasoń. "Numerical models for the double suspension spring testing stand." Mechanik, no. 5-6 (May 2015): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.5-6.201.

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41

Cao, Quang V. "A method to derive a tree survival model from any existing stand survival model." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 12 (December 2019): 1598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0171.

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This study addresses a situation in which a forest manager has been using a whole-stand model that seems to predict well for their stands and now wants to derive an individual-tree model from it to form an integrated system that can perform well at both stand and tree levels. A simple method was developed to derive tree survival models from three existing stand-level survival models. The derived tree survival models were based on the difference between the diameter of a given tree and the diameter at which tree and stand survival probabilities are equal. For stand survival prediction, each stand model performed less adequately than its derived tree model, and one of the derived tree survival models was the best overall. For tree survival prediction, the same derived tree model also performed best overall. Even though only three stand-level survival models were considered in this study, the method presented here should be applicable to any stand survival model. When no tree survival data were available, tree survival models derived from stand survival models ranked lowest in terms of performance but produced acceptable evaluation statistics for predicting tree-level survival.

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Yanda, Diyan Permata, and Dina Ramadhanti. "The Uniqueness of STAD and CIRC Models in Poetry Learning (Keunikan Model STAD dan CIRC dalam Pembelajaran Puisi)." Indonesian Language Education and Literature 6, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v6i2.6154.

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Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Models of assortment yield tables for poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 5 (May 22, 2008): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2008-jfs.

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The results of research on the production of raw timber assortments for the stands of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 in Slovakia are presented in this paper. Models of assortment yield tables were constructed, separately for each clone, in dependence on the yield class and stand age. The construction was based on the models of yield tables, stand assortment tables, models of external quality and damage to stems. Robusta clone produces by about 15–20% higher proportions of the highest quality assortments than I-214 clone. I-214 clone produces faster and higher proportions of average- and below-average quality assortments.

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Ivancich, H., G. J. Martínez Pastur, M. V. Lencinas, J. M. Cellini, and P. L. Peri. "Proposals for Nothofagus antarctica diameter growth estimation: simple vs. global models." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 8 (September 1, 2014): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/22/2014-jfs.

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Tree growth is one of the main variables needed for forest management planning. The use of simple models containing traditional equations to describe tree growth is common. However, equations that incorporate different factors (e.g. site quality of the stands, crown classes of the trees, silvicultural treatments) may improve their accuracy in a wide range of stand conditions. The aim of this work was to compare the accuracy of tree diameter growth models using (i) a family of simple equations adjusted by stand site quality and crown class of trees, and (ii) a unique global equation including stand and individual tree variables. Samplings were conducted in 136 natural even-aged Nothofagus antarctica (Forster f.) Oersted stands in Southern Patagonia (Argentina) covering age (20–200 years), crown class and site quality gradients. The following diameter growth models were fitted: 16 simple equations using two independent variables (age and one equation for each stand site quality or crown class) based on Richards model, plus a unique global equation using three independent variables (age, stand site quality and crown class). Simple equations showed higher variability in their accuracy, explained between 54% and 92% of the data variation. The global model presented similar accuracy like the better equations of the simple growth models. The unification of the simple growth models into a unique global equation did not greatly improve the accuracy of estimations, but positively influenced the biological response of the model. Another advantage of the global equation is the simple use under a wide range of natural stand conditions. The proposed global model allows to explain the tree growth of N. antarctica trees along the natural studied gradients.

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Krausenboeck, Maria. "DER RENEUAL MODEL DRAFT FOR AN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE LAW – BACKGROUNDS AND CURRENT SITUATION." Administrative law and process, no. 3(26) (2019): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2019.3.04.

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The paper focuses on administrative law reform within the European Union and raises this problem in the Central Asia countries: as EU advances with its codification and structuring on the existing principles and institutions, the countries of Central Asia start from scratch. A group of academics within the Research Network on European Administrative Law (ReNEUAL), starting with comparative law method, tries to use national administrative procedural laws, case law and principles of the administrative procedure of the European and national courts, as well as the relevant soft law, especially the “Ombudsprudence” aims, taking into account new communication technologies, at developing a relevant draft law. In its independent work between 2009 to 2014 the ReNEUAL network specified the constitutional principles for administrative procedures, naming proposed draft “self-administration law”. It deals with institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the European Union in their relations with the public as well as various cross-cutting issues: rules on the consequences of procedural errors, use of undefined legal terms, optimization of the rules for complex processes. European Parliament’s legal committee made some reference to the ReNEUAL draft and also sought advice from members of the network. Later draft from Parliament, seen as less ambitious, stays within the basis of the currently applicable EU treaties, whereby the ReNEUAL draft would sometimes require changes to the treaty. The proposed ReNEUAL builds transparent basis for exercising human and citizen rights, helps ensure transparency and consistency of the EU administrative institutions. It could also serve as a catalyst for the reform of national administrative procedural laws. The European Commission not convinced that EU administrative law could be summarized in a single legal document, asked for a cost-benefit analysis and impact assessment and publicly consulted on the codification of EU administrative procedure from 15.12.2017 to 09.03.2018, publishing results in July 2018.

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Andriyati, Rizka, and Leny Noviani. "Kolaborasi Model PBL Dan Model STAD dalam Pembelajaran Ekonomi." Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE) 11, no. 2 (May 2, 2023): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v11n2.p92-102.

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Economic learning had a complex subject matter and high relevance in daily life. The output of economic learning was that students had good critical thinking skills as demanded by 21st century skills. However, during this time economic learning seem too bored because the learning only based on the theory without connected to contextual activities. This research used literature study method with the purpose to reviewed the collaboration model of PBL and STAD theoretically in improving student’s critical thinking skills in economic learning. The implementation of collaboration model of PBL and STAD could be done in six steps there are class presentation, team formation and work in group, identified the problem that provided by teacher then students find information from any resources in solving problem, organizing quiz, scoring and team recognition.

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47

Barus, Pujien. "PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DI KELAS VII-7SMP NEGERI 1 BANGUN PURBA." SCHOOL EDUCATION JOURNAL PGSD FIP UNIMED 4, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v4i1.2979.

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48

Sianturi, Bronika Septiani. "IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD PADA POKOK BAHASAN STRUKTUR ATOM DI KELAS X SMA NEGERI 1 SIBABANGUN." SCHOOL EDUCATION JOURNAL PGSD FIP UNIMED 9, no. 1 (June 10, 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v9i1.13684.

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49

Binder, Robert V., Bruno Legeard, and Anne Kramer. "Model-based Testing: Where Does It Stand?" Queue 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2716276.2723708.

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Moore, Andrew D., and Ian R. Noble. "An individualistic model of vegetation stand dynamics." Journal of Environmental Management 31, no. 1 (July 1990): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4797(05)80015-5.

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