Статті в журналах: "SPV SYSTEM"

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Mohamed, S., P. Jeyanthy, D. Devaraj, M. Shwehdi, and Adel Aldalbahi. "DC-Link Voltage Control of a Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System for Fault Ride-Through Capability Enhancement." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050952.

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The high penetration level of solar photovoltaic (SPV) generation systems imposes a major challenge to the secure operation of power systems. SPV generation systems are connected to the power grid via power converters. During a fault on the grid side; overvoltage can occur at the direct current link (DCL) due to the power imbalance between the SPV and the grid sides. Subsequently; the SPV inverter is disconnected; which reduces the grid reliability. DC-link voltage control is an important task during low voltage ride-through (LVRT) for SPV generation systems. By properly controlling the power converters; we can enhance the LVRT capability of a grid-connected SPV system according to the grid code (GC) requirements. This study proposes a novel DCL voltage control scheme for a DC–DC converter to enhance the LVRT capability of the two-stage grid-connected SPV system. The control scheme includes a “control without maximum power point tracking (MPPT)” controller; which is activated when the DCL voltage exceeds its nominal value; otherwise, the MPPT control is activated. Compared to the existing LVRT schemes the proposed method is economical as it is achieved by connecting the proposed controller to the existing MPPT controller without additional hardware or changes in the software. In this approach, although the SPV system will not operate at the maximum power point and the inverter will not face any over current challenge it can still provide reactive power support in response to a grid fault. A comprehensive simulation was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme for enhancing the LVRT capability and stability margin of an interconnected SPV generation system under symmetrical and asymmetrical grid faults.

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LAI, Hsien Yong, Cheryl C. H. YANG, Fan-Yen HUANG, Yi LEE, Yu Ling KUO, and Terry B. J. KUO. "Respiratory-related arterial pressure variability as an indicator of graded blood loss: involvement of the autonomic nervous system." Clinical Science 105, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030080.

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During positive pressure mechanical ventilation, percentile systolic pressure variation (%SPV) or respiratory-related arterial pressure variability (RAPV) have both been used in assessment of graded haemorrhage. We aimed to investigate whether changes in %SPV and RAPV are correlated during graded haemorrhage (by 5, 10 or 20% of the estimated blood volume) in anaesthetized positive pressure ventilated rats and to investigate the involvement of autonomic regulation. Saline vehicle or atropine produced no discernible effect on baseline %SPV or RAPV but, thereafter, %SPV and RAPV increased progressively with graded haemorrhage. Propranolol significantly decreased baseline %SPV and RAPV and changes induced in %SPV and RAPV by graded haemorrhage. Phentolamine significantly enhanced baseline %SPV and RAPV, and further enhancement of %SPV and RAPV by graded haemorrhage did not occur until 20% of the estimated blood volume was removed. RAPV was significantly correlated with %SPV in all experimental groups. We conclude that RAPV is comparable with%SPV as an indicator of graded haemorrhage and that, in anaesthetized and positive pressure ventilated rats, both are dependent on autonomic function, especially β-adrenoceptors.

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3

Bhos, Chandrakant D., Javed Sayyad, and Paresh Nasikkar. "Power enhancement using improved maximum power point tracking for solar photovoltaic systems under partial shading." Clean Energy 6, no. 6 (November 14, 2022): 810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac062.

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Abstract One of the key reasons contributing to a reduction in the performance of a solar photovoltaic (SPV) system is the presence of partial shade on the solar panels. It is necessary to use maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in SPV systems to get around the non-linear behaviour of photovoltaic panels. This research analyses the reduction in power output of SPV systems caused by partial shading. In the latter part of the paper, the improved dynamic behaviour-based ant colony optimization MPPT approach under the effect of module-level partial shading is implemented in MATLAB®/Simulink®. Various partial shading levels were applied to SPV modules to evaluate the system performance. The proposed system follows the maximum power point with 99.9% accuracy and a response time of 2 ms. The addition of a weight coefficient accelerates the convergence of the algorithm.

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Ramaprabha, R., K. Balaji, SB Raj, and VD Logeshwaran. "Comparison of Interleaved Boost Converter Configurations for Solar Photovoltaic System Interface." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol10iss2pp87-98.

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Solar photovoltaic (SPV) panels that convert light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect have nonlinear internal resistance. Hence, with the variation in the intensity of light falling on the panel, the internal resistance varies. For effective utilization of the SPV panel, it is necessary to extract the maximum power from it. For maximum power extraction from SPV panels, DC-DC converter interface is used. The problem in using high frequency converter interface is the resultant high frequency ripple interaction with the SPV system. In this work, an interleaved boost converter (IBC) is considered to reduce the ripple. Our finding is that IBC fed by a SPV panel reduces this ripple to a greater extent. IBC also has a faster transient response as compared to conventional boost converters with reduced ripple contents. The main aim of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the performance of IBC with inductors that are coupled in different ways. The results of the simulation were extrapolated with the help of MATLAB software and verified through experimentation.

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5

Nelson, M. Dawn, Larissa Mann, Christine Nicholson, and Mark Lehman. "Static Positional Nystagmus in the Healthy Vestibular System." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 30, no. 10 (November 2019): 883–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18024.

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AbstractA repeat of the seminal 1973 study on static positional nystagmus (PN) using more accurate recording techniques.The purpose was to further characterize PN and, using current data, introduce new clinical criteria for its identification.Static PN was recorded in ten positions with vision denied. Each position was analyzed using age, gender, presence, direction, and persistence of nystagmus while taking into account the number of beats and mean slow-phase velocity (SPV).One hundred healthy patients who were asymptomatic with no known neurological disorders were tested.No intervention was used.Analysis of variance, descriptive statistics, and confidence intervals were used to describe results.Results showed 74% of normal participants had horizontal nystagmus in at least one position. Only 7% of the observed nystagmus was persistent. The average SPV was 2°/sec. The mean number of positions in which nystagmus was observed was three. Neither age nor gender influenced the occurrence of nystagmus. Forty-three percent of the participants had vertical nystagmus in at least one position; however, the SPV was 2°/sec or less.The present study demonstrated that intermittent or persistent PN in four or fewer positions should not be considered pathological when the SPV is 4°/sec or less (n = 100). Observance of vertical nystagmus in one position should not be considered pathological if the SPV is 2°/sec or less. Suggested positions for positional testing should include seated-upright, supine, head right, head left, head-hanging, and the precaloric (30° supine) positions. Fixation when PN is observed is indicated.

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6

Harmini, Harmini, and Titik Nurhayati. "DESAIN SISTEM POMPA AIR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (SPV) 125 WATT DI DESA RAMBAT, KECAMATAN GEYER, KABUPATEN GROBOGAN." Elektrika 10, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v10i1.1118.

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In this research will be designing a prototype of a water pump system using solar photovoltaic (SPV) that is designing a SPV in accordance with the needs of PV with the capacity of water pump. The power generated by the photovoltaic system will be used to drive the water pump. One of the areas in Central Java region that have not received water source is Dusun satreyan, Rambat Village Geyer Subdistrict Grobogan District. The solar photovoltaic (SPV) water pump system is de-signed using SPV panels, Solar Charge Controller, Battery and Inverter for the needs of 1 family head with water capacity per day is 300 Liter. The water pump capacity is 125 Watt, the number of SPV panels of 2 each with a capacity of 100 Wp, battery capacity, solar charge controller and inverter is 60 Ah, 10.42 Ampere and 12 volts DC 220 VAC. The average effi-ciency rating of the SPV water pump system as a whole is 61.18%Keywords: MPPT,Solar Photovoltaic, Tracking.

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Jamuna, P., and S. Ramesh. "Experimental Validation of Impedance Source Network Based Active Power Filter for Interconnection of PV System into Grid." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 14 (August 23, 2018): 1850215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618502158.

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This paper proposes a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) interfaced Impedance Source Inverter (ZSI) based shunt Active Power Filter (APF) for compensation of power quality events such as current harmonics, voltage interruption and reactive power burden. The instantaneous reactive power theories with Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) based DC link voltage regulator is used to estimate the reference current signal and control the operation of the SPV interfaced shunt APF. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is also employed to obtain the optimum maximum power point. The response of the SPV interfaced ZSI-shunt APF for mitigation of current harmonic distortions and reactive power compensation are investigated and compared with SPV interfaced Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) based shunt APF. The proposed SPV interfaced shunt APF employed with the FLC-based instantaneous reactive power theory control algorithm offers long lasting compensation against current-based distortions and reactive power requirements. The performance of the SPV interfaced ZSI based shunt APF has been verified by the simulation and experimental study. These results confirm the practicability of the proposed system in various load conditions with effective harmonic mitigation capability.

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8

V Mounika and Tejavath Suhasini. "A Novel DC-DC Converter Based Closed Loop Control of BLDC Motor for SPV fed Water Pumping System." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 09 (November 25, 2020): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060935.

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This Paper Presents Novel DC-DC Converter Based Closed Loop Control of BLDC Motor for SPV fed Water Pumping System Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Array fed Water pumping System Utilizing Buck-boost DC-DC Converter in order to extract the maximum available power from Solar system. Solar energy has the greatest availability compared to other energy sources. For such solar PV systems, maximum power point tracking control is preferred for efficient operation. This concept is dealing with INC method which is one of the MPPT methods. This study deals with a buck–boost converter controlled solar photovoltaic (SPV) array fed water pumping in order to achieve the maximum efficiency of an SPV array and the soft starting of a permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The current sensors normally used for speed control of BLDC motor are completely eliminated. The speed of BLDC motor is controlled through the variable DC-link voltage of a voltage-source inverter (VSI). The VSI is operated by fundamental frequency switching, avoiding the losses due to high-frequency switching, in order to enhance the efficiency of the proposed system.

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9

Prasanna, R., C. Karthik, Subrata Chowdhury, and Baseem Khan. "Comprehensive Review on Modelling, Estimation, and Types of Faults in Solar Photovoltaic System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2022 (October 8, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3053317.

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Solar photovoltaic (SPV) system fault diagnostics is vital in advanced supervision because it can alert users to catastrophic failure or greater risks. To provide green and clean energy using solar, it is mandatory to analyse various faults associated with photovoltaic system which can result in energy deficit and system breakdown and may lead to fire hazards which are often difficult to avoid. Hence, as an endeavour to improve the efficiency level, more study beginning with modelling of SPV system with its parameter estimation and types of SPV faults is aimed in this work.

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Uthirasamy, R., V. Kumar Chinnaiyan, S. Vishnukumar, Alagar Karthick, V. Mohanavel, Umashankar Subramaniam, and M. Muhibbullah. "Design of Boosted Multilevel DC-DC Converter for Solar Photovoltaic System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2022 (January 5, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1648474.

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Integration of renewable energy sources to the grid-connected system has influenced scholarly research in recent times to evolve solutions for power electronic conversion. Particularly, solar photovoltaic (SPV), being a resource available throughout the year, demands needful research to meet the demand for industrial applications. To facilitate SPV, multilevel inverters (MLIs) and cascaded H-bridge inverters (CHBIs) are proposed in the literature to meet the power requirement. However, these circuits suffer from efficiency loss, economic aspects of DC sources usage, and switching losses. Hence, in this research, a new power converter topology is projected to improve the overall efficiency of SPV systems. Further, a three-level approach involving (i) SPV Panel-Temperature Reduction (SPV-PTR) Setup, (ii) Boost Multilevel Direct Current Link Converter (BMLDCLC), and (iii) use of effective snubber modules (SM) are effectively handled to promote the industry readiness of the proposed system. From a detailed system investigation, it is seen that the proposed arrangement has minimized the power loss to ensure better quality in output. Furthermore, the software-based results and hardware setup of the planned comprehensive converter have shown promising results in terms of (i) reduced voltage stress, (ii) reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) without filter component, and (iii) reduced power loss. It is observed that the experimental setup has reported a 12.9% of excess heat removal, 5% decrease in harmonics, and 33% switch reduction than the existing MLI schemes. In addition, the proposed setup is suggested to apply for industrial purposes indicate its efficacy to be a solution in real time.

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11

Li, Guiqiang, Gang Pei, Ming Yang, and Jie Ji. "Experiment Investigation on Electrical and Thermal Performances of a Semitransparent Photovoltaic/Thermal System with Water Cooling." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/360235.

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Different from the semitransparent building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system with air cooling, the semitransparent BIPV/T system with water cooling is rare, especially based on the silicon solar cells. In this paper, a semitransparent photovoltaic/thermal system (SPV/T) with water cooling was set up, which not only would provide the electrical power and hot water, but also could attain the natural illumination for the building. The PV efficiency, thermal efficiency, and exergy analysis were all adopted to illustrate the performance of SPV/T system. The results showed that the PV efficiency and the thermal efficiency were about 11.5% and 39.5%, respectively, on the typical sunny day. Furthermore, the PV and thermal efficiencies fit curves were made to demonstrate the SPV/T performance more comprehensively. The performance analysis indicated that the SPV/T system has a good application prospect for building.

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12

Bharat, Manish, ASR Murty, and Ritesh Dash. "Design and analysis of trans Z-source inverter for electric vehicle applications using neural network-clustering." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 1783–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i3.4818.

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The presented paper analyzes the detailed design of a trans Z-source inverter (ZSI) with an input from solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. Increase in SPV uses requires highly efficient SPV enabled inverters under varying weather parameters are in high demand in modern smart grid applications. The SPV-trans ZSI has high conversion efficiency because of the single-stage voltage boost conversion capability. In contradiction, the conventional voltage source inverter (VSI) requires an additional step-up transformer to boost the output voltage of inverter. This reduces the efficiency by increasing the volume of set up and also increase the cost of the system. In the proposed SPV system it provides a better output against VSI. The increase in inverter output voltage is because of shoot through time period present in ZSI. It also reduces the voltage stress and harmonics content as compared to VSI. The proposed model has been validated through MATLAB simulation.

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Veerabhadra and S. Nagaraja Rao. "Assessment of high-gain quadratic boost converter with hybrid-based maximum power point tracking technique for solar photovoltaic systems." Clean Energy 6, no. 4 (July 25, 2022): 632–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac041.

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Abstract Solar photovoltaic (SPV) modules have a low output voltage and are load-dependent. Therefore, it is critical that the SPV system has an adequate DC–DC converter to regulate and improve the output voltage to get maximum output voltage. To meet load requirements, the voltage must be increased, necessitating the use of energy-efficient power electronic converters. The performance of an SPV system coupled to a high-gain quadratic boost converter (HG-QBC) with a load is investigated in this paper. The suggested HG-QBC for the SPV system at a lower value of duty ratio provides high voltage gain with a boost factor of four times. An analytical comparison is carried out with the various existing boost converters in terms of the components and the boost factor. The issue of locating the maximum power generation point from the SPV system is crucial. As a result, choosing an appropriate maximum power point tracker (MPPT)-based technique to obtain the peak power output of the SPV system under the rapidly varying atmospheric conditions is vital. To determine the highest output power of an SPV system, a hybrid-based MPPT with a neural network assisted by a perturb and observe (P&O) technique is proposed. For the HG-QBC, a comparison of the proposed MPPT with a traditional P&O-based MPPT is illustrated. The comparative analysis takes into account rise time, settling time and voltage ripples. The output voltage and power characteristics of the proposed model are analysed under constant and varying irradiation conditions using MATLAB®/Simulink®. The results of a hybrid-based MPPT show that the oscillations are minimum at the maximum power point with fewer ripples of 0.20% and a settling time of 1.2 s in comparison with the other two techniques.

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Minai, Ahmad Faiz, Tahsin Usmani, Majed A. Alotaibi, Hasmat Malik, and Mohammed E. Nassar. "Performance Analysis and Comparative Study of a 467.2 kWp Grid-Interactive SPV System: A Case Study." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031107.

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This paper demonstrates the investigation of the acquired outcomes from consistent information observing a 467.2 kWp solar photovoltaic (SPV) framework commissioned on the roofs of three separate high-rise buildings, which are located at the location of 26.9585° N and 80.9992° E. Onside real-time performance for this system was investigated for three years, 2018–2020; this system contains 1460 SPV panels of 320 Wp each, having 20 PV panels per string, 09 DC/AC power conditioning units (PCU), and a SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system for monitoring the other necessary parts of a grid-interactive SPV system. The outcomes of the different buildings are compared with each other to analyze the power output at the same input conditions. Hardware components of the plants with approximately the same ratings (P2 ~ 108.8 kWp + P3 ~ 128 kWp) are compared (with P1 ~ 230.4 kWp). Simulation modeling of the year 2020 in PVsyst tool for generated energy, Performance Ratio (PR), and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) are carried out additionally and compared with the installed rooftop grid-interactive SPV system of 467.2 kWp (~P1 + P2 + P3) at the site. Numerous performance parameters such as array efficiency, inverter efficiency, system efficiency, Performance Ratio (PR), and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) of the plant are evaluated and compared with already installed systems in different regions of the world. These points demonstrate great feedback to framework architects, workers, designers, and energy suppliers regarding the genuine limit and plausibility of the framework they can offer to clients. Moreover, one of the environmental benefits of the SPV plant is that the 467.2 kWp PV framework reduces the tremendous measure of CO2, SO2, and NOX that is discharged into the air.

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Patel, U. R., G. A. Gadhiya, and P. M. Chauhan. "Case Study on Power Generation from Agrivoltaic System in India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (July 19, 2023): 1447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92375.

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This study evaluates the performance of a 7.2 kWp SPV power plant that was installed in the field of the REE department of the College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, JAU, Junagadh (21.5 N, 70.1 E). According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the SPV power plant's performance was evaluated. The power plant was properly observed for whole year. Average system efficiency, capacity factor, and overall performance ratio were found to be 80.83%, 16.03%, and 12.07% respectively during the experiment. Total 10104.77 kWh were produced during the experimental period. The performance of this Agrivoltaic system is produce equivalent solar power as it is from PV systems installed.

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Singh, Athokpam Bharatbushan, and M. K. Deshmukh. "Enhancement of Performance of Roof-mounted SPV System." Energy Procedia 156 (January 2019): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.11.107.

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Riaz, Muhammad, Aamir Hanif, Haris Masood, Muhammad Attique Khan, Kamran Afaq, Byeong-Gwon Kang, and Yunyoung Nam. "An Optimal Power Flow Solution of a System Integrated with Renewable Sources Using a Hybrid Optimizer." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 13382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313382.

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A solution to reduce the emission and generation cost of conventional fossil-fuel-based power generators is to integrate renewable energy sources into the electrical power system. This paper outlines an efficient hybrid particle swarm gray wolf optimizer (HPS-GWO)-based optimal power flow solution for a system combining solar photovoltaic (SPV) and wind energy (WE) sources with conventional fuel-based thermal generators (TGs). The output power of SPV and WE sources was forecasted using lognormal and Weibull probability density functions (PDFs), respectively. The two conventional fossil-fuel-based TGs are replaced with WE and SPV sources in the existing IEEE-30 bus system, and total generation cost, emission and power losses are considered the three main objective functions for optimization of the optimal power flow problem in each scenario. A carbon tax is imposed on the emission from fossil-fuel-based TGs, which results in a reduction in the emission from TGs. The results were verified on the modified test system that consists of SPV and WE sources. The simulation results confirm the validity and effectiveness of the suggested model and proposed hybrid optimizer. The results confirm the exploitation and exploration capability of the HPS-GWO algorithm. The results achieved from the modified system demonstrate that the use of SPV and WE sources in combination with fossil-fuel-based TGs reduces the total system generation cost and greenhouse emissions of the entire power system.

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Ali, Amjad, Kashif Irshad, Mohammad Farhan Khan, Md Moinul Hossain, Ibrahim N. A. Al-Duais, and Muhammad Zeeshan Malik. "Artificial Intelligence and Bio-Inspired Soft Computing-Based Maximum Power Plant Tracking for a Solar Photovoltaic System under Non-Uniform Solar Irradiance Shading Conditions—A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 10575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910575.

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Substantial progress in solar photovoltaic (SPV) dissemination in grid-connected and standalone power generation systems has been witnessed during the last two decades. However, weather intermittency has a non-linear characteristic impact on solar photovoltaic output, which can cause considerable loss in the system’s overall output. To overcome these inevitable losses and optimize the SPV output, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is mounted in the middle of the power electronics converters and SPV to achieve the maximum output with better precision from the SPV system under intermittent weather conditions. As MPPT is considered an essential part of the SPV system, up to now, many researchers have developed numerous MPPT techniques, each with unique features. A Google Scholar survey from 2015–2021 was performed to scrutinize the number of published review papers in this area. An online search established that on different MPPT techniques, overall, 100 review articles were published; out of these 100, seven reviews on conventional MPPT techniques under shading or partial shading and only four under non-uniform solar irradiance are published. Unfortunately, no dedicated review article has explicitly focused on soft computing MPPT (SC-MPPT) techniques. Therefore, a comprehensive review of articles on SC-MPPT techniques is desirable, in which almost all the familiar SC-MPPT techniques have to be summarized in one piece. This review article concentrates explicitly on soft computing-based MPPT techniques under non-uniform irradiance conditions along with their operating principles, block/flow diagram. It will not only be helpful for academics and researchers to provide a future direction in SC-MPPT optimization research, but also help the field engineers to select the appropriate SC-MPPT for SPV according to system design and environmental conditions.

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Suresh, P., and G. Vijayakumar. "Shunt Active Power Filter with Solar Photovoltaic System for Long-Term Harmonic Mitigation." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 05 (July 31, 2019): 2050081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500814.

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This paper proposes a shunt Active Power Filter (APF), supported by Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system for a grid-connected application that improves power quality. The reference signal for the shunt APF is obtained from the adaptive Proportional Integrative Derivatives (PID), based on an algorithm of Least Mean Eighth (LME) with Unit Vector Template (UVT). The LME algorithm distinguishes the basic weight sections from load currents and estimates the three phase reference source current. These reference currents are used to generate a gate signal for the shunt APF. The DC-link voltage regulator is used to keep the constant DC-link voltage of the shunt APF with an APID controller. To reduce present distortions of electric power distribution systems, a design of a suitable controller is conducted using an intelligent computational technique for predicting the right reference signals. The SPV scheme is designed to obtain the highest energy output from the SPV panel with the maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) scheme and is connected to the power grid. For long-term harmonic mitigation, the SPV system continuously maintains the DC-link of the shunt APF. Mathematically, the presented current reference signal generation scheme is examined and digital simulation outcomes are displayed under distinct steady and dynamic state conditions. Lastly, the complete scheme is validated by using the hardware prototype.

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Suresh Babu, G., B. Prem Charan, and T. Murali Krishna. "Performance Analysis of SPV Module Using Solar PVTR System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 21, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.3.14488.

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With a spurt in the use of non-conventional energy sources, photovoltaic installations are being deployed in several applications such as distributed power generation and standalone systems. Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) module is the basic component of the solar PV system. The functioning of a photovoltaic array is influenced by solar insolation, shading and array arrangement. Often the PV arrays get shadowed, completely or partially by neighboring buildings, trees, towers and service poles. The efficacy of PV array unvaryingly depends upon temperature which in turn is reliant on radiation. In order to validate this hypothesis, there are certain instruments and experimentation methods available which are expensive. But carrying out hardware testing on the solar PV system with Photo Voltaic Training and Research (PVTR) system and simulating using software will lead to least economical method of achieving performance analysis which is the main objective of this paper. The efficiency of PV module is analyzed from I-V and P-V characteristics for this standalone solar pv system by changing radiation and temperature parameters. This paper mainly emphases on comparison of the testing results and simulation results for different radiation levels.

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Nahak, Narayan, and Samarjeet Satapathy. "A Coordinated Pumped Storage Dual Compensated Hydro Governor with PSS Action to Damp Electromechanical Power Oscillations." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (October 19, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8802143.

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Subject to increasing penetrations of renewable sources like solar photovoltaic (SPV) and wind energy sources, power system oscillation damping is going to be a critical challenge for system operators. This work proposes a new dual compensated governor (DCG) in coordination with a power system stabilizer (PSS) of a pumped storage hydro plant for power oscillation damping subject to intermittent SPV and wind penetration for a hydro, wind, and SPV integrated power system. The phase lag provided by the hydro governor is compensated by additional phase lead contributed by the dual compensation, where speed and real power deviations brought by uncertain SPV and wind penetrations are simultaneously controlled by two lead-lag controllers before being applied to conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) governor. Again, subject to critical oscillatory unstable conditions, the DCG is coordinated with PSS through a multiobjective function employing a new modified Differential Evolutionary-Particle swarm optimization (MDEPSO) algorithm. Different case studies with sudden and random SPV and wind penetrations being executed with the proposed controller considering a two area four machine and 39 bus multimachine system with pumped storage hydro units to observe system oscillations are considered. The proposed damping control action has been implemented to damp these oscillations, and the damped response has been analyzed with eigenvalue distributions and Bode plots with sensitivity analysis. The proposed action is found to be much more efficient in contrast to conventional PID governor and PSS damping action. Also, the usage of present hydro governors can be much improved by this coordinated controller action.

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González, Julián J., Juan J. Cordero, Manuel Feria, and Ernesto Pereda. "Detection and sources of nonlinearity in the variability of cardiac R-R intervals and blood pressure in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 279, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): H3040—H3046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.6.h3040.

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Beat-to-beat R-R interval (RRV) and systolic blood pressure (SPV) variability signals were obtained from unrestrained rats in baseline and under different pharmacological treatments. The origin and extent of the nonlinearity in both signals, as well as their degree of mutual coupling, was estimated using measurements from the correlation integral (CI) and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). After the respiratory component of baseline signals was removed, the nonlinearity was lower in the RRV and disappeared in the SPV. This also decreased the RRV-SPV coupling. The nonlinearity of RRV was also reduced after atropine, and the nonlinearity of SPV was strengthened after prazosin and N ω-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). Atropine and prazosin decreased CI measures of both signals, whereas propranolol, phenylephrine, andl-NMMA decreased only those of SPV. RQA indexes of RRV increased after atropine and decreased after propranolol, whereas the reverse occurred for the RRV-SPV coupling. These results suggest that: 1) the nonlinearity of RRV appears to be very dependent on the parasympathetic activity, whereas that of SPV seems to come from its respiratory component through a nonneural pathway; 2) respiratory component appears to be involved, through the parasympathetic system, in the RRV-SPV coupling; and 3) CI and RQA measures seems to be useful in assessing autonomic mediation of RRV and RRV-SPV coupling.

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S.N. Maity. "Development of Solar Power Tree – An Innovation that Uses Up Very Less Land and Yet Generates much more Energy from the Sun Rays by SPV Method." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 2, (Special Issue) (January 11, 2022): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2013.02.nciset311.

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Energy and pollution are the present burning questions. So, there is an impending demand of an alternative green power. Solar, as believed, is the only major alternative in comparison to other sources of available renewable energies. For absorbing the sun solid silicon-crystalline photo-voltaic (SPV) method is the best. SPV panels are laid on structures at tilt angle. SPV is a land consuming system. Scarcity of land is the greatest crisis of the earth. Solar Power Tree is invented for installing PV-modules on a tall pole-like structure with branch- like panels and takes only 1% of land than conventional SPV layout.

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Narendra, Ankireddy, Naik N. Venkataramana, Anup Kumar Panda, Nishit Tiwary, and Amit Kumar. "A Single-Stage SPV-Fed Reduced Switching Inverter-Based Sensorless Speed Control of IM for Water Pumping Applications." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (June 25, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3805791.

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This article elaborates on a reduced switch count-based inverter for a single-stage solar photovoltaic (SPV) fed induction motor (IM) with sensorless speed control for water pumping applications. The traditional SPV-fed IM for water pumping applications requires a six-switch voltage source inverter (SSVSI) for transforming the DC power from the SPV system into AC power. However, the same performance is achieved using a four-switch voltage source inverter (FSVSI). Here, the entire system requires less number of switches and hence reduces switching losses and cost as compared to the traditional solar water pumping system. Moreover, the sensorless speed control is implemented using a speed estimator to reduce the overall cost further and enhance reliability. The reference voltage ( V d c r ) is achieved using an adapted incremental conductance (AINC), and the control of IM is performed using direct vector control (DVC). The control signals for the proposed system are generated using DSPACE DS-1104 for real-time implementation. The proposed SPV-fed FSVSI-based 1-HP IM operation is performed at different irradiation levels in the MATLAB-Simulink environment and validated experimentally.

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Padole, Nivedita, Ravindra Moharil, and Anuradha Munshi. "Performance Investigation Based on Vital Factors of Agricultural Feeder Supported by Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010075.

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Solar photovoltaic (SPV) installations are growing in the distribution network due to the continuously decreasing prices of solar photovoltaic panels. Installing the SPV Plant on the distribution feeder supplying to the agricultural pumps is a challenging task due to the varying agricultural load pattern of the Agricultural Feeder (AG Feeder). Supply of power and demand creates potential challenges in the low voltage (LV) distribution system. This paper presents a case study of a 2 MW SPV connected to an agricultural feeder in India. Performance analysis has been carried out using field measurement data. The key parameters such as PV Penetration and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) are calculated for analysis. Parameters such as Grid Dependency of the load and PV Contribution have been introduced in this paper, which relates to the SPV system behavior more aptly. It is recommended that the Time of Day (ToD) metering with the lowest cost during the solar generation hours will make agricultural consumers shift their demand matching with solar generation hours. Extensive analysis of agricultural feeder connected SPV power plant indicates that the power supply has improved for the feeder during winter and summer months.

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Ismaila, Z., O. A. Falode, C. J. Diji, R. A. Kazeem, O. M. Ikumapayi, M. O. Petinrin, A. A. Awonusi, et al. "Evaluation of a hybrid solar power system as a potential replacement for urban residential and medical economic activity areas in southern Nigeria." AIMS Energy 11, no. 2 (2023): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023017.

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<abstract> A hybrid solar power system (HSPS) is an alternate method of supplying electricity that can reduce fuel usage while maintaining power supply security. In this study, the efficiency of HSPS, which consists of Grid Supply (GS), Diesel Power Generation (DPG), Solar-Photovoltaic (SPV), and Battery Storage (BS) systems, was evaluated in two economic activity areas (EAAs) in Southern Nigeria. The cross-sectional research design was used, and the research was based on Behera's energy-led growth theory. Urban-residential and Health were the EAAs considered and chosen using a stratified random sample technique. Southern Nigerian states of Oyo and Lagos provided the samples, which were combined and used for the study. Electricity consumption was calculated using electricity load demand for the two EAAs from 2008 to 2017. For each EAA, an Integrated Renewable Energy Mini/Microgrid Model (IREMMM) based on power load demand and solar irradiation was constructed. Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) (/kWh), and Net Present Cost (NPC) (M) were calculated for one hybrid configuration, SPV-DPG-BS-GS, and two standalone configurations, DPG and SPV-BS. Configurations with SPV integrated had lower LCOEs than DPGs in both EAAs. In Southern Nigeria, solar PV combinations with battery storage provided the highest performance for a hybrid power system. In the medical contexts, a hybrid power system achieves higher overall performance. </abstract>

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Jamil, Majid. "SPV based water pumping system for an academic institution." American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 1, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20120101.11.

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Mohammad, Khan, Mohmmad Ahmad, Shoeb Azam Farooqui, Wajid Ali, and Farha Khan. "Performance evaluation of a PMDC motor with battery storage control and MPPT based solar photovoltaic system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i3.pp1704-1712.

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This paper analyzes and demonstrates the performance of a solar photovoltaic (SPV)-fed permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motor under various operating conditions. In this configuration, a 5HP PMDC is coupled to a SPV system and a boost converter has been interfaced between them to regulate the DC output voltage acquired from the SPV system. The switching pulse to the converter has been provided by the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller (P&O and INC) in order to acquire maximum and desired power across the DC link with varying irradiance. A battery energy storage system (BESS) is often used in association with this configuration caused by the non-linear nature of the SPV system and to overcome the volatility of the DC connection affected by environmental effects. For this purpose, a double loop PI controller is analyzed, and examined the DC link. Additionally, the operation of bidirectional DC-DC converter in buck and boost mode during battery charging and discharging is also performed. This operation ensures maintaining a constant and continuous power across the DC link to regulate the PMDC motor consistently. A comparison of results has also been presented for both incremental and conductance (INC) and P&O controllers. The mathematical modeling of configuration has been performed in MATLAB/Simulink software. The results and key findings have been tabulated and even elaborated graphically.

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Bhargavi, B., and P. Linga Reddy. "Improvement of Solar Energy System Under Partial Shading Conditions in Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (February 9, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.16401.

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This paper consists of grid connected Solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. An output of SPV depends on the irradiation and temperature. Sometimes PV module is shaded due to nearby buildings, passing clouds etc. Power extracted from such partially shaded PV array is reduced. . The PV system at KLEF deemed to be university is considered. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and the output powers are computed using Matlab/Simulink using LC filter .These are compared with the actual values measured from the existing system . It is found that percentage of THD is reduced.

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Muthuvel, K., and M. Vijayakumar. "Solar PV Sustained Quasi Z-Source Network-Based Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Enhancement of Power Quality." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 24, 2020): 2657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102657.

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In this article, a Quasi Z-source inverter (QZSI)-based unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) backed by the solar photovoltaic (SPV) is presented in order to enhance power quality. The UPQC consists of converters connected in parallel and series. The active power filters (APFs) connected in parallel and series is one of the versatile custom power circuitries to reduce current and voltage instabilities. The main functions of QZSI can increase the variable direct current (DC) voltage to any given alternating current (AC) output voltage, reduce the necessary elements, and alleviate harmonic content. The UPQC’s compensation function primarily relies on the control system used for the generation of reference current and voltage. The enhanced second order generalized integrator (ESOGI) is used in this proposed system to extract the reference current of QZSI-UPQC. The proposed UPQC uses the SPV system, which has an energy storage unit to offset long-term current and voltage disruptions and fulfill the active power demands of the grid. The experimental results confirm that the proposed SPV-supported QZSI-UPQC generates sinusoidal grid currents of about 1.2% of total harmonic distortion (THD), thus increasing the power efficiency of the interconnected SPV power distribution network.

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ArabiDarrehDor, Ghazal, Yi-Ming Kao, Mary A. Oliver, Adam D. Reese, Bonnie C. Carney, John W. Keyloun, Kevin K. Chung, et al. "97 Arterial Waveform Variations as Measures of Resuscitation Adequacy in a Porcine Model of Burn Injury." Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (March 23, 2022): S64—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.100.

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Abstract Introduction Optimized fluid resuscitation of burn patients is a clinical care challenge as both under- and over- resuscitation have deleterious consequences. The gold-standard endpoint guiding burn resuscitation is urinary output (UO), which is known to have limited efficacy. We investigated the potential of the dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness derived from arterial blood pressure (BP) waveforms in conveying information about burn resuscitation. In particular, we investigated pulse pressure variation (PPV) and systolic pressure variation (SPV), which have been shown to be valuable in a number of other indications. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of arterial BP waveform data acquired from six anesthetized and mechanically-ventilated pigs (33±5 kg weight and 40% total burned surface area) which were instrumented for hemodynamic monitoring for 24 hours. The animals were either under-, over-, or adequately-resuscitated (guided by a burn resuscitation decision support system), with two animals in each group. PPV and SPV were calculated on an hourly basis. Fluid responsiveness thresholds of 15% and 6% were used respectively for PPV and SPV, as per literature. Results All of the animals experienced an immediate rise in PPV and SPV following the injury (PPV and SPV start from large values as seen in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). In the under-resuscitated group, PPV and SPV increased above the threshold, reaching maximum values in the last eight hours (PPV: 49.8±20%, SPV: 24.7±3.6%), indicating severe hypovolemia. In the over-resuscitated group, PPV and SPV decreased below the threshold, reaching their minimum in the last eight hours (PPV: 8.7±3.6%, SPV: 4.1±1.9%), indicating major hypervolemia. In the adequately-resuscitated group, PPV and SPV maintained closer to the threshold throughout the duration of the experiment, and at the end, PPV was 15.6±4.2% and SPV was 6.2±2.6%. Conclusions Our initial results suggest that PPV and SPV may help distinguish under-, adequately-, and over-resuscitated burn patients, and potentially complement UO in the hemodynamic assessment of the burn injury patients.

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Pazhanimurugan, Rajamanickam, Ramaiyan Bensraj, and Chinnapettai Ramalingam Balamurugan. "Dynamic response investigation of PV based CLCIS fed IMD applications using HC and SMC." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i2.3394.

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This paper explains a solar photovoltaic (SPV) based cascaded landsman converter inverter structure (CLCIS) which feeds induction motor drive (IMD) using hysteresis controller (HC) and sliding mode controller (SMC). The aim is to create SPV based cascaded landsman converter (CLC) with an enhanced dynamic response. HC and SMC enabled systems are designed and created using MATLAB. The standards of procedure and simulation results are examined. The simulation results of HC and SMC enabled systems are analyzed concerning time-domain parameters and a comparison has been exhibited. The proposed SMC ensures a model reference robust dynamics against changing voltage conditions of photovoltaic (PV) based CLCIS fed IMD system. The consequences reveal that the dynamic response with SMC is better compared to the HC enabled CLCIS-IMD system.

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Kumar, Shailendra, Ikhlaq Hussain, Bhim Singh, Ambrish Chandra, and Kamal Al-Haddad. "An Adaptive Control Scheme of SPV System Integrated to AC Distribution System." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53, no. 6 (November 2017): 5173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2722978.

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Le, Duc V., Lizzy Tengana Hurtado, Adil Ahmad, Mohsen Minaei, Byoungyoung Lee, and Aniket Kate. "A Tale of Two Trees: One Writes, and Other Reads." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2020, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0039.

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AbstractThe Bitcoin network has offered a new way of securely performing financial transactions over the insecure network. Nevertheless, this ability comes with the cost of storing a large (distributed) ledger, which has become unsuitable for personal devices of any kind. Although the simplified payment verification (SPV) clients can address this storage issue, a Bitcoin SPV client has to rely on other Bitcoin nodes to obtain its transaction history and the current approaches offer no privacy guarantees to the SPV clients.This work presents T3, a trusted hardware-secured Bitcoin full client that supports efficient oblivious search/update for Bitcoin SPV clients without sacrificing the privacy of the clients. In this design, we leverage the trusted execution and attestation capabilities of a trusted execution environment (TEE) and the ability to hide access patterns of oblivious random access machine (ORAM) to protect SPV clients’ requests from potentially malicious nodes. The key novelty of T3 lies in the optimizations introduced to conventional ORAM, tailored for expected SPV client usages. In particular, by making a natural assumption about the access patterns of SPV clients, we are able to propose a two-tree ORAM construction that overcomes the concurrency limitation associated with traditional ORAMs. We have implemented and tested our system using the current Bitcoin Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) Set. Our experiment shows that T3 is feasible to be deployed in practice while providing strong privacy and security guarantees to Bitcoin SPV clients.

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Alaraj, Muhannad, Astitva Kumar, Ibrahim Alsaidan, Mohammad Rizwan, and Majid Jamil. "An Advanced and Robust Approach to Maximize Solar Photovoltaic Power Production." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127398.

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The stochastic and erratic behavior of solar photovoltaic (SPV) is a challenge, especially due to changing meteorological conditions. During a partially irradiated SPV system, the performance of traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers is unsatisfactory because of multiple peaks in the Power-Voltage curve. This work is an attempt to understand the performance uncertainties of the SPV system under different shading conditions and its mitigation. Here, a novel hybrid metaheuristic algorithm is proposed for the effective and efficient tracking of power. The algorithm is inspired by the movement of grey wolves and the swarming action of birds, and is thus known as the hybrid grey wolf optimizer (HGWO). The study focuses on the transient and steady-state performance of the proposed controller during different conditions. A comparative analysis of the proposed technique with incremental conductance and a particle swarm optimizer for different configurations is presented. Thus, the results are presented based on power extracted, shading loss, convergence factor and efficiency. The proposed HGWO–MPPT is found to be better as it has a maximum efficiency of 94.30% and a minimum convergence factor of 0.20 when compared with other techniques under varying conditions for different topologies. Furthermore, a practical assessment of the proposed controller on a 6.3 kWp rooftop SPV system is also presented in the paper. Energy production is increased by 8.55% using the proposed approach to the practical system.

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Kumar, L. Ashok, C. N. Lakshmiprasad, G. Ramaraj, and G. Sivasurya. "Design, simulation of different configurations and life-cycle cost analysis of solar photovoltaic–water-pumping system for agriculture applications: use cases and implementation issues." Clean Energy 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 1100–1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac018.

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Abstract Water is an essential resource for agriculture and the majority of land is irrigated through borewells or wells. The power requirement for an irrigation pump motor is fed by the on-grid power supply but the availability of electricity in rural areas is still questionable. With rising concerns about global warming and the rise in carbon footprints, it is necessary to choose clean and green energy, thereby attaining self-sustainable life. India receives yearly a mean solar irradiation of 6.5 kWh/m2day. Hence, a solar photovoltaic–water-pumping system (SPV–WPS) is a suitable alternative to grid energy; thereby, the farmers would generate electricity through the solar photovoltaic system and become self-sufficient in their energy needs. In this paper, two different agricultural fields in Tamil Nadu, India that deploy flood irrigation and drip irrigation are taken as a case study. The paper discusses the concerns on the use of grid power and their carbon footprint, design and simulation of 4- and 5.5-kW SPV–WPSs using PVsyst 7.1.1, and the advantages of using SPV–WPSs and life-cycle cost analysis on different use cases. The Government of India has introduced a special scheme to promote the installation of SPV–WPSs by offering attractive incentives through PM-Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM) yojana. The results of the case study show that with the use of SPV–WPSs, either with or without subsidy, the farmer could gain a minimum of 250% on the investment with a project lifetime of 25 years.

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Alaraj, Muhannad, Ibrahim Alsaidan, Astitva Kumar, Mohammad Rizwan, and Majid Jamil. "Advanced Intelligent Approach for Solar PV Power Forecasting Using Meteorological Parameters for Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 7, 2023): 9234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129234.

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Solar photovoltaic (SPV) power penetration in dispersed generation systems is constantly rising. Due to the elevated SPV penetration causing a lot of problems to power system stability, sustainability, reliable electricity production, and power quality, it is critical to forecast SPV power using climatic parameters. The suggested model is built with meteorological conditions as input parameters, and the effects of such variables on predicted SPV power have been studied. The primary goal of this study is to examine the effectiveness of optimization-based SPV power forecasting models based on meteorological conditions using the novel salp swarm algorithm due to its excellent ability for exploration and exploitation. To forecast SPV power, a recently designed approach that is based on the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is used. The performance of the suggested optimization model is estimated in terms of statistical parameters which include Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Training Time (TT). To test the reliability and validity, the proposed algorithm is compared to grey wolf optimization (GWO) and the Levenberg–Marquardt-based artificial neural network algorithm. The values of RMSE and MSE obtained using the proposed SSA algorithm come out as 1.45% and 2.12% which are lesser when compared with other algorithms. Likewise, the TT for SSA is 12.46 s which is less than that of GWO by 8.15 s. The proposed model outperforms other intelligent techniques in terms of performance and robustness. The suggested method is applicable for load management operations in a microgrid environment. Moreover, the proposed study may serve as a road map for the Saudi government’s Vision 2030.

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Bouffard, Jeff, Alyssa D. Cecchetelli, Coleman Clifford, Kriti Sethi, Ronen Zaidel-Bar, and Erin J. Cram. "The RhoGAP SPV-1 regulates calcium signaling to control the contractility of theCaenorhabditis elegansspermatheca during embryo transits." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 7 (March 21, 2019): 907–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0633.

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Contractility of the nonmuscle and smooth muscle cells that comprise biological tubing is regulated by the Rho-ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) and calcium signaling pathways. Although many molecular details about these signaling pathways are known, less is known about how they are coordinated spatiotemporally in biological tubes. The spermatheca of the Caenorhabditis elegans reproductive system enables study of the signaling pathways regulating actomyosin contractility in live adult animals. The RhoGAP (GTPase-activating protein toward Rho family small GTPases) SPV-1 was previously identified as a negative regulator of RHO-1/Rho and spermathecal contractility. Here, we uncover a role for SPV-1 as a key regulator of calcium signaling. spv-1 mutants expressing the calcium indicator GCaMP in the spermatheca exhibit premature calcium release, elevated calcium levels, and disrupted spatial regulation of calcium signaling during spermathecal contraction. Although RHO-1 is required for spermathecal contractility, RHO-1 does not play a significant role in regulating calcium. In contrast, activation of CDC-42 recapitulates many aspects of spv-1 mutant calcium signaling. Depletion of cdc-42 by RNA interference does not suppress the premature or elevated calcium signal seen in spv-1 mutants, suggesting other targets remain to be identified. Our results suggest that SPV-1 works through both the Rho-ROCK and calcium signaling pathways to coordinate cellular contractility.

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Sinitsin, Nikita, and Elena Murashko. "Is a Special Purpose Vehicle a Way to Circumvent Western Economic Sanctions Imposed on Russia or Only Pitfalls Lie Ahead?" Global Trade and Customs Journal 17, Issue 9 (September 1, 2022): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2022054.

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The ‘problem’ of economic sanctions that restricted trade has vexed the Russian community for the past several years and seemingly only tends to worsen. At the same time, the European Union (the EU) developed a Special Purpose Vehicle (the SPV) (known as Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (the INSTEX) for Iran to continue trade without accessing the United States financial system and avoid violating the United States of America (the US) sanctions. In this respect, one might argue that Russia, in general, might consider a similar option by creating an INSTEX like SPV to circumvent the imposed economic sanctions. At first glance, such SPV seems like a working mechanism to continue the trade in goods and services and to preserve trade flows in case Russia is fully disconnected from the SWIFT) or if ‘maximum’ sanctions are imposed against Russia. This article provides a general overview of how Russia deals with trading under the pressure of economic sanctions and how the hypothetical SPV may assist Russia in maintaining stable trade relations despite the sanctions. The article further discusses how the hypothetical SPV may resort to investment arbitration in order to protect its rights and interests and challenge the imposed sanctions and the risks it may face in this respect. The study reveals that creating such SPV to avoid anti-Russian sanctions might assist with humanitarian need, while the potential to restore normal trade flows is quite doubtful. Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), Economic Sanctions, Investment Arbitration, Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX), Counter-sanctions, Circumventing sanctions

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Kumar, Abhishek, Rashmi Jain, Bhim Singh, and Seema Kewat. "Double‐stage grid‐integrated SPV system under weak distribution grid." IET Renewable Power Generation 14, no. 19 (December 2020): 4094–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2020.0806.

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Rahkola-Soisalo, Päivi, Tomi S. Mikkola, Daniel Altman, and Christian Falconer. "Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair Using the Uphold Vaginal Support System." Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 25, no. 3 (2019): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/spv.0000000000000530.

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Ramsankar, V., V. Vipin, and Ajit Smrithi. "Analysis of CPV System Vis-à-Vis SPV System for an Educational Institution In India." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2422.

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This paper presents the undertaken attempt to perform techno –economic analysis of water cooled concentrating photo voltaic (CPV) system vis-à-vis solar photovoltaic (SPV) for an educational institution (BITS Pilani Hyderabad). With the help of preliminary and final energy auditing, the energy requirements for the 2800 hostel rooms of the campus were computed. Required PV & CPV systems’ techno-economic analyses to meet the energy loads were performed and a comparison was made to arrive at the possibility of using CPV systems. Area required for installing both the system was also performed.

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Riaz, Muhammad, Aamir Hanif, Shaik Javeed Hussain, Muhammad Irfan Memon, Muhammad Umair Ali, and Amad Zafar. "An Optimization-Based Strategy for Solving Optimal Power Flow Problems in a Power System Integrated with Stochastic Solar and Wind Power Energy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 6883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156883.

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In an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, experts are looking to substitute fossil fuel energy with renewable energy for environmentally sustainable and emission free societies. This paper presents the hybridization of particle swarm optimization (PSO) with grey wolf optimization (GWO), namely a hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm for the solution of optimal power flow (OPF) problems integrated with stochastic solar photovoltaics (SPV) and wind turbines (WT) to enhance global search capabilities towards an optimal solution. A solution approach is used in which SPV and WT output powers are estimated using lognormal and Weibull probability distribution functions respectively, after simulation of 8000 Monte Carlo scenarios. The control variables include the forecast real power generation of SPV and WT, real power of thermal generators except slack-bus, and voltages of all voltage generation buses. The total generation cost of the system is considered the main objective function to be optimized, including the penalty and reserve cost for underestimation and overestimation of SPV and WT, respectively. The proposed solution approach for OPF problems is verified on the modified IEEE 30 bus test system. The performance and robustness of the proposed hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm in solving the OPF problem is assessed by comparing the results with five other metaheuristic optimization algorithms for the same test system, under the same control variables and system constraints. Simulation results confirm that the hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm performs well compared to other algorithms and shows that it can be an efficient choice for the solution of OPF problems.

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Janamala, Varaprasad, and K. Radha Rani. "Optimal allocation of solar photovoltaic distributed generation in electrical distribution networks using Archimedes optimization algorithm." Clean Energy 6, no. 2 (March 5, 2022): 1036–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac010.

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Abstract This paper proposes to resolve optimal solar photovoltaic (SPV) system locations and sizes in electrical distribution networks using a novel Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) inspired by physical principles in order to minimize network dependence and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the greatest extent possible. Loss sensitivity factors are used to predefine the search space for sites, and AOA is used to identify the optimal locations and sizes of SPV systems for reducing grid dependence and GHG emissions from conventional power plants. Experiments with composite agriculture loads on a practical Indian 22-bus agricultural feeder, a 28-bus rural feeder and an IEEE 85-bus feeder demonstrated the critical nature of optimally distributed SPV systems for minimizing grid reliance and reducing GHG emissions from conventional energy sources. Additionally, the voltage profile of the network has been enhanced, resulting in significant reductions in distribution losses. The results of AOA were compared to those of several other nature-inspired heuristic algorithms previously published in the literature, and it was observed that AOA outperformed them in terms of convergence and redundancy when solving complex, non-linear and multivariable optimization problems. Optimal solar photovoltaic system locations and sizes in electrical distribution networks are derived using a novel Archimedes optimization algorithm in order to minimize network dependence and pollutant emissions to the greatest extent possible.

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Babu, P. Chandra, Devineni Gireesh Kumar, Nagineni Venkata Sireesha, Mukesh Pushkarna, B. Venkata Prashanth, DSNMRAO, Hossam Kotb, Kareem M. AboRas, Mohit Bajaj, and Sadam Alphonse. "Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System with Advanced Controller considering Varying Environmental Conditions." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (June 22, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1631605.

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This paper presents a mathematical model of 255 kW grid-connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. To study the performance characteristics of the grid-connected SPV system, a new hybrid adaptive grasshopper optimization algorithm with the recurrent neural network (AGO-RNN) control technique was implemented. Furthermore, the power quality at the point of common coupling (PCC) has been studied using the conventional (PSO) and proposed AGO-RNN controllers. The characteristics of the PV system were analyzed under varying environmental (variable irradiance and temperature) conditions considering 3 different cases such as (i) standard test conditions (STC), (ii) variable radiation with constant temperature, and (iii) variable radiation with variable temperature. For each case, the total harmonic distortion (THD) has been calculated using the proposed AGO-RNN control technique, and the results were compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The 255 kW PV model is initially developed and connected to a three-level NPC inverter, an MPPT-based perturbation and observation algorithm. Later, the PV model is controlled by an AGO-RNN pulse width modulation (PWM) controller and is then integrated to the main grid at PCC. The main advantage of this technique is exploiting the separate DC-DC converter between the SPV module and the inverter. Finally, the proposed grid-connected SPV system was simulated on MATLAB for analyzing the performance of the system based on its I-V and P-V characteristics, inverter voltage, grid power, gird voltage, grid current, power factor, and THD under different environmental conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the current magnitude and THD of the SPVGC system are improved with the cutting-edge AGO-RNN controller compared to PSO in all three different scenarios, and this value is less than 1.6%, which is within the permitted limits of IEC 61727 standards.

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Vepštaitė-Monstavičė, Iglė, Juliana Lukša, Aleksandras Konovalovas, Dovilė Ežerskytė, Ramunė Stanevičienė, Živilė Strazdaitė-Žielienė, Saulius Serva, and Elena Servienė. "Saccharomyces paradoxus K66 Killer System Evidences Expanded Assortment of Helper and Satellite Viruses." Viruses 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10100564.

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The Saccharomycetaceae yeast family recently became recognized for expanding of the repertoire of different dsRNA-based viruses, highlighting the need for understanding of their cross-dependence. We isolated the Saccharomyces paradoxus AML-15-66 killer strain from spontaneous fermentation of serviceberries and identified helper and satellite viruses of the family Totiviridae, which are responsible for the killing phenotype. The corresponding full dsRNA genomes of viruses have been cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of SpV-LA-66 identified it to be most similar to S. paradoxus LA-28 type viruses, while SpV-M66 was mostly similar to the SpV-M21 virus. Sequence and functional analysis revealed significant differences between the K66 and the K28 toxins. The structural organization of the K66 protein resembled those of the K1/K2 type toxins. The AML-15-66 strain possesses the most expressed killing property towards the K28 toxin-producing strain. A genetic screen performed on S. cerevisiae YKO library strains revealed 125 gene products important for the functioning of the S. paradoxus K66 toxin, with 85% of the discovered modulators shared with S. cerevisiae K2 or K1 toxins. Investigation of the K66 protein binding to cells and different polysaccharides implies the β-1,6 glucans to be the primary receptors of S. paradoxus K66 toxin. For the first time, we demonstrated the coherent habitation of different types of helper and satellite viruses in a wild-type S. paradoxus strain.

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Barnes, Kara Lauren, Gena Dunivan, Ashley Jaramillo-Huff, Tessa Krantz, Jennifer Thompson, and Peter Jeppson. "Evaluation of Smartphone Pelvic Floor Exercise Applications Using Standardized Scoring System." Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 25, no. 4 (2019): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/spv.0000000000000563.

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Dinakaran, C., and Dr T. Padmavathi. "Seven Level Symmetric Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Solar Photovoltaic System." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 9, no. 5 (February 16, 2023): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/ew.v9i5.3045.

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Among different types of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Solar Power has become highly prominent with exhausting suitable to innovation in Power Electronic Systems. The primary intention of the advised performance must limit the number of switches to enhance the output waveforms with a preferred harmonic profile. This topology moderates the estimate about switches, isolated DC origin, expenditure, and intensity of the circuit substantially as correlated to other topologies. The proposed method uses the MPPT approach to exploit the maximum energy from solar photovoltaic to load entirely. The Proposed method provides almost sinusoidal output waveforms by developing a few power switches. The SPV arrangement was simulated and constitution through SPV arrays, a DC-DC buck converter, and a sliding mode MPPT regulation. Based on the cascaded H-Bridge multilevel converters, The strong constraint enforced confined DC voltage sources considering separately Cascaded H-Bridge. This constitution converter worth along with diminishing the constancy based on the system. The system gives boosting voltages with improves the harmonic profile. Performance of the arrangement demonstrated in MATLAB SIMULINK as well as PROTEUS.

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Matsui, Hidenori, Christopher M. Bacot, Wendy A. Garlington, Thomas J. Doyle, Steve Roberts, and Paul A. Gulig. "Virulence Plasmid-Borne spvB and spvC Genes Can Replace the 90-Kilobase Plasmid in Conferring Virulence to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Subcutaneously Inoculated Mice." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 4652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.15.4652-4658.2001.

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ABSTRACT In a mouse model of systemic infection, the spv genes carried on the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium virulence plasmid increase the replication rate of salmonellae in host cells of the reticuloendothelial system, most likely within macrophages. A nonpolar deletion in the spvB gene greatly decreased virulence but could not be complemented by spvBalone. However, a low-copy-number plasmid expressing spvBCfrom a constitutive lacUV5 promoter did complement thespvB deletion. By examining a series of spvmutations and cloned spv sequences, we deduced thatspvB and spvC could be sufficient to confer plasmid-mediated virulence to S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The spvBC-bearing plasmid was capable of replacing all of the spv genes, as well as the entire virulence plasmid, of serovar Typhimurium for causing systemic infection in BALB/c mice after subcutaneous, but not oral, inoculation. A point mutation in the spvBC plasmid preventing translation but not transcription of spvC eliminated the ability of the plasmid to confer virulence. Therefore, it appears that both spvB and spvC encode the principal effector factors for Spv- and plasmid-mediated virulence of serovar Typhimurium.

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Williams, Amanda, Beverly Gonzalez, Colleen Fitzgerald, and Cynthia Brincat. "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Perineal Lacerations in a Diverse Urban Healthcare System." Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 25, no. 1 (2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/spv.0000000000000517.

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