Готові списки джерел за темами / Spray formation in supersonic crossflow

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Spray formation in supersonic crossflow"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Spray formation in supersonic crossflow"

Li, Fei, Zhenguo Wang, Peibo Li, Mingbo Sun, and Hongbo Wang. "The spray distribution of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow in the near-wall region." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 6 (June 2022): 063301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091985.

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Анотація:

The gas–liquid mixing process of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow with a gas–liquid momentum ratio of 7.67 in the near-wall region is investigated numerically. The two-phase flow large eddy simulation is based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach and considers the droplet–wall interaction. The results indicate the penetration depth and the lateral extension width, which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The [Formula: see text] shape, especially the spray foot structure of spray in the cross-sectional plane, is captured well. The transport process of spray toward the wall and the formation of spray foot are systematically studied. Under the influence of the upper CVP (counter-rotating vortex pair), partial droplets in the center region of the spray are transported to the near-wall region and move toward both sides when encountering the wall CVP. Under the current gas–liquid momentum ratio, droplets collide with the wall mainly in the central region at the bottom, which will produce splashed droplets. Affected by the horseshoe vortex, the instantaneous distribution of droplets on both sides near the wall shows stripes shape. The spray foot structure forms the shape that is narrow on the top and wide on the bottom and is mainly formed by splashed droplets. Some splashed droplets in the low-speed boundary layer constitute the lower half of the spray foot; meanwhile, some splashed droplets enter mainstream and constitute the upper half of the spray foot. Moreover, the spray is mainly distributed in the core region, and the spray concentration is very sparse in the spray foot region.

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WANG, JIANGFENG, CHEN LIU, and YIZHAO WU. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SPRAY ATOMIZATION IN SUPERSONIC FLOWS." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 13 (May 30, 2010): 1299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910023475.

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With the rapid development of the air-breathing hypersonic vehicle design, an accurate description of the combustion properties becomes more and more important, where one of the key techniques is the procedure of the liquid fuel mixing, atomizing and burning coupled with the supersonic crossflow in the combustion chamber. The movement and distribution of the liquid fuel droplets in the combustion chamber will influence greatly the combustion properties, as well as the propulsion performance of the ramjet/scramjet engine. In this paper, numerical simulation methods on unstructured hybrid meshes were carried out for liquid spray atomization in supersonic crossflows. The Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor hybrid model was used to simulate the breakup process of the liquid spray in a supersonic crossflow with Mach number 1.94. Various spray properties, including spray penetration height, droplet size distribution, were quantitatively compared with experimental results. In addition, numerical results of the complex shock wave structure induced by the presence of liquid spray were illustrated and discussed.

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Li, Chenyang, Chun Li, Feng Xiao, Qinglian Li, and Yuanhao Zhu. "Experimental study of spray characteristics of liquid jets in supersonic crossflow." Aerospace Science and Technology 95 (December 2019): 105426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.105426.

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Wang, Yu-Qi, Feng Xiao, Sen Lin, and Yao-Zhi Zhou. "Numerical Investigation of Droplet Properties of a Liquid Jet in Supersonic Crossflow." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2021 (July 9, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8828015.

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Анотація:

The atomization process of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow with a Mach number of 1.94 was investigated numerically under the Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme. The droplet stripping process was calculated by the KH (Kelvin-Helmholtz) breakup model, and the secondary breakup due to the acceleration of shed droplets was calculated by the combination of the KH breakup model and the RT (Rayleigh-Taylor) breakup model. In our research, the existing KH-RT model was modified by optimizing the empirical constants incorporated in this model. Moreover, it was also found that the modified KH-RT breakup model is applied better to turbulent inflow of a liquid jet than laminar inflow concluded from the comparisons with experimental results. To validate the modified breakup model, three-dimensional spatial distribution and downstream distribution profiles of droplet properties of the liquid spray in the Ma = 1.94 airflow were successfully predicted in our simulations. Eventually, abundant numerical cases under different operational conditions were launched to investigate the correlations of SMD (Sauter Mean Diameter) with the nozzle diameter as well as the airflow Mach number, and at the same time, modified multivariate power functions were developed to describe the correlations.

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Kartanas, T., Z. Toprakcioglu, T. A. Hakala, A. Levin, T. W. Herling, R. Daly, J. Charmet, and T. P. J. Knowles. "Mechanism of droplet-formation in a supersonic microfluidic spray device." Applied Physics Letters 116, no. 15 (April 13, 2020): 153702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5145109.

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Salewski, Mirko, Dragan Stankovic, and Laszlo Fuchs. "A Comparison of Single and Multiphase Jets in a Crossflow Using Large Eddy Simulations." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 1 (September 28, 2005): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2180810.

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Анотація:

Large eddy simulations (LES) are performed for single and multiphase jets in crossflow (JICF). The multiphase JICF are compared to the single-phase case for the same momentum and mass flow ratios but with droplets of different sizes. Multiphase JICF have stronger counterrotating vortex pairs (CVPs) than a corresponding single-phase JICF. Moreover, their trajectories are higher and their induced wakes weaker. The smaller the Stokes number of the droplets, the more the solution approaches the solution for single-phase flow. The computed results show the formation of a CVP and horseshoe vortices, which are convected downstream. LES also reveals the intermittent formation of upright wake vortices from the horseshoe vortices on the ground toward the CVP. The dispersion of polydisperse spray droplets is computed using the stochastic parcel method. Atomization and droplet breakup are modeled by a combination of the breakup model by Reitz and the Taylor analogy breakup model (see Caraeni, D., Bergström, C., and Fuchs, L., 2000, Flow, Turbul. Combust., 65(2), pp. 223–244). Evaporation and droplet collision are also modeled. The flow solver uses two-way coupling. Averages of the velocity and gaseous fuel mass fraction are computed. The single-phase JICF is validated against experimental data obtained by PIV. Additionally, the PDFs and frequency spectra are presented.

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Shaha, Sugrib Kumar, and Hamid Jahed. "Characterization of Nanolayer Intermetallics Formed in Cold Sprayed Al Powder on Mg Substrate." Materials 12, no. 8 (April 23, 2019): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081317.

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Supersonic impact of particles in their solid state with substrate at a low temperature creates a complex bonding mechanism and surface modification in cold spray coating. Here, we report the formation of a layer of 200 to 300 nm intermetallic at the interface of cold spray coated AZ31B-type Mg alloy with AA7075-type Al alloy powder. XRD, SAED, and FFT analysis confirmed the layer possessed BBC crystal structure of Mg17Al12 intermetallic. The HR-TEM image analysis at the interface identified the BBC crystal structure with interplanar spacing of 0.745 nm for (110) planes, suggesting the Mg17Al12 phase. The nanoindentation tests showed that the hardness at the interface was ~3 times higher than the substrate. It was also noticed that Young’s modulus at the interface was 117GPa. The combined action of impact energy and carrier gas temperature, along with the multiple passes during coating, caused the formation of intermetallic.

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Shen, Mingguang, Ben Q. Li, and Yu Bai. "Modeling Microstructure Formation in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Droplet with High Impact Velocity in Supersonic Plasma Spray." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 29, no. 7 (June 11, 2020): 1695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11666-020-01060-3.

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Borisov, Sergey, Julia Gloukhovskaya, Sergey Dobrovolskiy, Alexander Myakochin, and Igor Podporin. "Mechanism of heterogeneous flow—solid substrate interaction on the formation of coatings of different thicknesses using different types of spray accelerators." MATEC Web of Conferences 362 (2022): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236201004.

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Анотація:

Physical processes of the inleakage of a supersonic heterogeneous flow of air-powder mixture to a solid substrate, tested on the experimental setup designed for applying protective coatings by a cold spray method, are considered. The interaction of a particle with a flat plane and cylindrical solid substrates, the multilayer coatings and the application of coatings using spray accelerators of different configurations are considered. A mathematical model is demonstrated based on the equation of energy balance in the impact area intended to estimate the interaction between a particle and a solid substrate during impact, as well as examples of results calculated using this model. Methods for calculation of the thickness of the coating applied to flat plane and cylindrical substrates are described. The features of one-step and multi-step coating applications with and without additional exposures are described. As an example, the results of testing the coating for porosity are given. A list of factors and additional exposures affecting the strength of the coating is given.

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Garmeh, Saeed, Mehdi Jadidi, and Ali Dolatabadi. "Cold Spray for Additive Manufacturing: Possibilities and Challenges." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.423.

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Анотація:

Cold spray (CS) is a deposition technique to form a coating from the particles with temperature lower than their melting point. In this technique, particles are accelerated by a supersonic flow of a carrier gas such as air or nitrogen. Upon impact, particles undergo significant plastic deformation that bonds them to the substrate. Since the particles are not molten, this deposition method does not apply a lot of heat to the substrate and this makes CS the best candidate for temperature sensitive and oxygen sensitive materials. CS can be adapted to form 3D objects following layer-by-layer approach. This is called cold gas dynamic manufacturing (CGDM) or cold spray as additive manufacturing. Developing complex shapes by CGDM may result in formation of inclined surfaces, corners and sharp edges. Deposition in those regions is often accompanied with challenges that affect the accuracy and efficiency of the manufacturing. In this study, CGDM for two typical shapes such as cylinder and frustum on a flat substrate has been simulated to represent the additively manufactured parts. Particle trajectories and impact conditions i.e. velocity and size distributions have been compared. The results of numerical modelling provided useful information for understanding the limitations and challenges associated with CGDM that can help us to improve the quality and precision of particle deposition.

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Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Spray formation in supersonic crossflow"

Sun, Mingbo, Hongbo Wang, and Feng Xiao. "Spray Characteristics of a Liquid Jet in a Supersonic Crossflow." In Jet in Supersonic Crossflow, 243–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6025-1_7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Spray formation in supersonic crossflow"

Magnotti, Gina M., Brandon A. Sforzo, and Christopher F. Powell. "A Computational Investigation of Wall-Film Formation by an Impinging Liquid Jet in Crossflow." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80993.

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Abstract Accurate fuel injection modeling remains of critical importance to the simulation of gas turbine engines as the predicted spray structure dictates fuel-air mixing, combustion, and emissions in the combustor. The prefilming airblast atomizer relies on the formation of a thin conical sheet of fuel, which breaks up due to its interaction with the counter-swirling airstreams. Recent x-ray imaging performed at Argonne National Laboratory’s Advanced Photon Source of a prefilming airblast atomizer revealed the formation of a frothy film, which is comprised of both liquid and bubbles. This finding challenges the inherent assumption for existing spray models, which assume that the film is only comprised of liquid fuel, and motivates the detailed investigation of the film formation process. To investigate the physics governing the impingement of a liquid jet in crossflow on a plate, a computational study was carried out. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) coupled with an algebraic volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach were performed to model a liquid water jet interacting with a subsonic crossflow and subsequently impinging on an aluminum plate. For the condition studied, a grid convergence study revealed that a minimum cell size of 25 μm was sufficient to adequately resolve the jet-wall interaction and film formation process, with good agreement with the x-ray measurements. These simulations also predicted the formation of bubbles within the film due to the entrainment of air. The influence of adhesion on the film characteristics and bubble distribution was explored using two different contact angles representing water on polished and unpolished aluminum plates. Although an increase in contact angle was not observed to affect the average film thickness, the lower interfacial tension reduced the number of bubbles that were formed, but increased the average size.

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Miller, B., K. A. Sallam, K. C. Lin, and C. Carter. "Digital Holographic Spray Analyzer." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98526.

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Advanced spray diagnostics are needed for studying the formation of drops in a variety of natural and technological spray processes, e.g. water falls, bow waves of ships, and many types of commercial spray atomizers, among others. Of interest is the dense-spray near-injector region which is typically opaque for spray diagnostics such as phase Doppler particle analyzers (PDPA). This is unfortunate because primary breakup processes that control spray size and velocity distributions occur in this optically challenging region. The present setup; digital holographic spray analyzer, allows the probing of dense spray regions and provides the user with droplet sizes and velocities measurements in three dimensions. The setup is based on typical in-line holography except that the holographic film is replaced with a CCD sensor. The actual process of capturing the hologram is a relatively simple process only requiring a laser, optics to form a collimated beam, and a digital camera. The hologram is then stored digitally and reconstructed numerically with a reconstruction program. After reconstructing the hologram in many different planes, the droplet size distribution is measured. In addition droplet velocities are measured by means of double pulsed exposure configuration and PIV program. All these processes can be automated which is the strength of this technique. The output is a three dimensional map of droplets locations, sizes, and velocities. This digital holographic spray analyzer was tested by measuring droplet sizes inside the dense spray created by an aerated injector subjected to a subsonic crossflow typical of test condition encountered in ramjet engine.

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Shikui, Z. "Thermal Properties of Continuously Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited by Supersonic Plasma Spray." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p1119.

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Abstract Continuously graded yttria stabilized ZrO2 /NiCoCrAlY coatings were prepared using a high efficiency supersonic plasma-spray system and the thermal shock properties of the coatings were studied. The specimens were so prepared that the two kinds of powders with different melting point were fed to the different regions of the plasma jet by using two powder feeders. The two powders melted perfectly at the same power, and the overheating of the powder with lower melting point was avoided. In this way, a continuously graded transition layer was obtained. The Results show that the continuous change of the coefficients of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity in the transition layer leads to a excellent thermal shock resistance of the totally 0.9mm thick TBCs. The thermal shock cycles of the specimens which underwent heating by oxygen-acetylene to 1200 C and then quenching into water reached moer than 200.The coatings’ surface was still perfect without any visible cracks. The analysis shows that the dense structure and the sufficient plastic deformation of the particles depressed the formation of TGOs, which, together with the continuously graded thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conduction coefficient, contributes to the long thermal shock resistance of the coatings. Abstract only; no full-text paper available.

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Wang, H., B. Xu, Z. Han, and S. Zhou. "Thermal Properties of Continuously Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited by Supersonic Plasma Spray." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p1406.

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Анотація:

Abstract Continuously graded yttria stabilized ZrO2(YSZ) /NiCoCrAlY coatings were prepared using a high efficiency supersonic plasma-spray system and the thermal shock properties of the coatings were studied. The specimens were so prepared that the two kinds of powders with different melting point were fed to the different regions of the plasma jet by using two powder feeders. The two powders melted perfectly at the same power, and the overheating of the powder with lower melting point was avoided. In this way, a continuously graded transition layer was obtained. The Results show that the continuous change of the coefficients of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity in the transition layer leads to a excellent thermal shock resistance of the totally 0.9mm thick TBCs. The thermal shock cycles of the specimens which underwent heating by oxygen-acetylene flam to 1200 and then quenching into water reached more than 200. The coatings’ surface was still perfect without any visible cracks after the thermal shock test. The analysis shows that the dense structure and the sufficient plastic deformation of the particles depressed the formation of TGOs, which, together with the continuously graded thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conduction coefficient, contributes to the long thermal shock resistance of the coatings.

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Han, Taeyoung, Zhibo Zhao, Bryan A. Gillispie, and John R. Smith. "A Fundamental Study of the Kinetic Spray Process." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0363.

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Abstract In the kinetic spray process, metallic particles are injected into a supersonic gas stream and accelerated to high velocities. When the particles impinge upon a substrate, they are plastically deformed and they bond to the substrate and to one another. In this process, a number of process parameters may affect the particle velocities and particle temperatures, and thus, affect coating formation. In the present study, various spray variables for the large particle sizes are systematically investigated through computational modeling and experiments. The relatively large size aluminum particles (63-90 µm) are used in this study. Effects on coating deposition are discussed in terms of loading behavior, deposition rate and deposition efficiency of the coatings. It was found that the coating formation is critically controlled by particle temperature, in addition to particle velocity.

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Kumar, Deepak, Abhijit Kushari, Jeffery A. Lovett, and Saadat Syed. "Primary Breakup of Liquid Jet in an Annular Passage in Crossflow of Air." In ASME 2015 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2015-1342.

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This paper presents an experimental study of primary breakup of liquid jet in an annular passage in a cross flow of air at a fixed Mach number of 0.12, at atmospheric pressures. The experiments were conducted for various velocities of liquid jet from 1.417 m/s to 7.084 m/s (based on orifice diameter = 1 mm) and the corresponding liquid-air momentum flux ratios varied from 1 to 25. The droplet sizes and velocities were measured using a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) downstream of the liquid inlet port along the axial direction at the centerline of the annular passage along the plane of injection. Observed droplet sizes and velocity variations at different momentum flux ratios, in the axial direction, show three distinct zones. The first zone is the ligament formation zone represented by large variation in droplet Reynolds number with momentum ratio. The second zone is the primary droplet formation zone in which a fairly monotonic decrease in droplet size and droplet acceleration due to the breakup is observed. However, the Reynolds number of the droplets is almost invariant with momentum ratio. The third zone is where the spray attains the critical state where the size and velocity does not vary in the axial direction and the variation in size in this zone with the momentum ratio is primarily due to the initial conditions established in the ligament formation zone.

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Salewski, Mirko, Dragan Stankovic, and Laszlo Fuchs. "A Comparison of a Single- and Multiphase Jets in a Crossflow Using LES." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68150.

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Анотація:

Large eddy simulations are performed for a single- and multiphase jets in crossflow (JICF). The multiphase JICF are compared to the single-phase case for the same momentum and mass flow ratios but with droplets of different sizes. Multiphase JICF have stronger counter-rotating vortex pairs (CVPs) than a corresponding single-phase JICF. Moreover, their trajectories are higher and their induced wakes weaker. The smaller the Stokes number of the droplets, the more the solution approaches the solution for single-phase flow. The computed results show the formation of a CVP and horseshoe vortices which are convected downstream. LES reveals also the intermittent formation of upright wake vortices from the horseshoe vortices on the ground towards the CVP. The dispersion of polydisperse spray droplets is computed using the stochastic parcel method. Atomization and droplet breakup are modeled by a combination of the breakup model by Reitz and the Taylor analogy breakup model. Evaporation and droplet collision are also modeled. The flow solver uses two-way coupling. Averages of the velocity and gaseous fuel mass fraction are computed. The single-phase JICF is validated against experimental data obtained by PIV. Additionally, the PDFs and frequency spectra are presented.

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Takana, H., K. Ogawa, T. Shoji, and H. Nishiyama. "Electrostatic Assist on a Cold Spray Process by Computational Simulation." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0090.

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Abstract The integrated model of thermofluid, splat formation and coating formation for a cold spray process has been established. The in-flight behavior of micro and submicron particles, the interaction between shock wave and particles in a supersonic jet impinging onto the substrate are clarified by this integrated model in detail. Then, the effect of electrostatic force on the particle acceleration is discussed in detail by carrying out a real-time computational simulation. It is shown that coating can be formed with the assist of electrostatic acceleration even though there is a lack of particle acceleration over critical velocity only through momentum transfer from airflow. Thus, the utilization of electrostatic acceleration enhances the performance of cold spray coating and contributes the extension of application range of a cold spray process.

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Takana, Hidemasa, Kazuhiro Ogawa, Tetsuo Shoji, and Hideya Nishiyama. "Optimization of Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Processes by Computational Simulation." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37081.

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Анотація:

An integrated model of compressible thermofluid, splat formation and coating formation for a cold dynamic spray process has been established. In-flight behavior of nano-micro particles and the interaction between the shock wave and the particles in a supersonic jet flow impinging onto the substrate and further particle acceleration with electrostatic force are clarified in detail by considering viscous drag force, flow acceleration, added mass, gravity, Basset history force, Saffman lift force, Brownian motion, thermophoresis and electrostatic force. The effect of electrostatic acceleration becomes more significant with the decrease in particle diameter even in the presence of unavoidable shock wave. As a result, electrostatic acceleration can broaden the application range of operating particle diameter in a cold gas dynamic spray process to form a robust and activated coating. Finally, based on the integrated model, the coating thickness characteristics in an electrostatic assisted cold dynamic spray process are evaluated.

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Martinez, B., G. Mariaux, A. Vardelle, G. Barykin, and M. Parco. "Modeling a New Spray Process Combining Plasma and HVOF." In ITSC2009, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2009p0481.

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Анотація:

Abstract The aim of this study is to model a spray process that combines aspects of plasma and HVOF spraying. The process is characterized by its stability over a broad range of fuel-oxidant conditions and ability to produce coatings using relatively little gas with rather low gross heating values The mathematical model developed accounts for the formation of the plasma jet, the combustion process, and supersonic flow issuing from the spray torch. Simulating the new process made it possible to investigate the effect of the plasma on the velocity and temperature of the gas flow inside and outside the gun. The equations were solved using CFD code and predictions were compared with experimental observations. The benefits of the plasma jet are discussed on the basis of predictions and fuel combustion mechanisms.

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