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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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1

Chow, Bik C. "Moving on? Elite Hong Kong Female Athletes and Retirement from Competitive Sport." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 10, no. 2 (October 2001): 47–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.10.2.47.

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The purpose of the research was to study the transitional experiences of elite female athletes who are going through the process of athletic retirement. Using a life history approach, six former and six current athletes in Hong Kong were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were utilized based on the Schlossberg’s (1981, 1984) transition model. Data were analyzed using typology and constant comparison methods. Diversity and commonality in the experiences of women withdrawing from elite sports competition were found. The life history approach was effective in illustrating the ways in which Hong Kong female athletes feel and think about career end, with a transition from competition to retirement evident as part of career passing. Content analysis of interviews revealed several salient themes related to sports retirement. Key distinctions across projected and experienced retirement were associated with a woman’s being an immigrant athlete, entering early into sport, and pursuing an education. Athlete status also affected transition to retirement and lifestyle after an elite sports career.

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2

NG, Patrick. "Disabled Sports: Hong Kong & International Perspective." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2003): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.91277.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Disability covers a wide spectrum of groups including physical, visual, hearing, intellectual and psychiatric. In this article physical disability is the core for description. Disabled sports are therefore deliberated basing on the history and achievement of the Hong Kong Sports Association for the Physically Disabled (SAP) in the last 3 decades and the involvement and impact of international federations, namely the FESPIC (Far East & South Pacific) Federation and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) on SAP.「傷殘人士」的含義很廣泛，包括體障、視障、失聰、智障、精神病患等。本文旨在探討傷殘人士體育運動的發展，並以香港傷殘人士體育協會過去三十年的歷史及成績為骨幹，展示遠南運動聯會及國際傷殘奧委會在其發展中的影響。

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3

Yip Siu-Fai, Henry. "History of the Journal, the Hong Kong College of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the Hong Kong Orthopaedic Association." Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation 14, no. 2 (December 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jotr.2010.09.001.

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4

Li, Jingyi. "A Comparative Study and Analysis of the History and Recent Development of Real Estate in Hong Kong and the Mainland." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 6, no. 2 (March 11, 2024): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2024.6.2.4.

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Since the resumption of customs between Hong Kong and the Mainland, exchanges between the two places have become increasingly close. With the stabilisation of connectivity between the two places and the recovery of the Mainland economy, the transaction volume of Hong Kong's real estate market has been rising. This paper compares and analyzes the real estate development in Hong Kong and the mainland, on the one hand, analyzes the real estate development history of the two places, in particular, focuses on the impact of key historical events and policies on Hong Kong's real estate, and on the other hand, compares the development status of real estate in the two places in recent years, so as to understand the characteristics and development trends of the real estate markets in the two places, and provides reference for policy formulation and investment decision-making in the context of the close connection between the real estate in the two places after the reopening of the border. At the same time, it looks forward to the development trend of real estate in Hong Kong and mainland China, predicts possible challenges and opportunities, and puts forward reasonable policy suggestions and coping strategies. The results of the study show that the development of real estate in the Mainland is more affected by the political environment and is different from that of Hong Kong in terms of economy, policy and society; the lack of land supply has become an inevitable trend in both places, and it is necessary to solve the problem in a multi-faceted manner.

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5

Brooke, Mark. "The Language of Dragon Boating in Hong Kong and Singapore." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 32 (December 15, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2019.32.03.

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This research draws on elements of systemic functional linguistics to conduct a discourse analysis of dragon-boating in Asia, predominantly in the commercial areas of Hong Kong and Singapore, where this sport has both a long history and strong culture today. It seeks to understand how experiential and interpersonal meanings are related to this sport in a variety of online texts ranging from local news media sites, corporation team websites, sites from dragon boat companies specialising in training corporations, dragon boat paddlers’ websites and other popular sources such as ‘expatliving’. Findings demonstrate that dragon boating has certain unique characteristics which help to give it significance in this region. With the Duanwu Festival held annually, the sport is steeped firmly in mythology and legend. Additionally, the nature of the boat as a synchronised machine is exploited by corporations and linked to competitive performance. As an intense sport, physical and mental attributes such as ‘strength’ and ‘tenacity’ are associated with it; the upper body requirements of the practice also gives it a unique trait for breast cancer survivors. ‘Tragedy’ is also a part of dragon boat’s modern history with a fatal accident for the Singapore men’s team during an international race in Cambodia. In sum, the sport of dragon boating can be seen to have a rich schema of semiotic associations in Hong Kong and Singapore.

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6

Bridges, Brian. "Maintaining a Minority Sport: Cricket in Post-Colonial Hong Kong." International Journal of the History of Sport 33, no. 11 (July 23, 2016): 1242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2016.1264391.

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7

Nicholson, Rashna Darius. "Decolonization and Theatre History." New Theatre Quarterly 39, no. 4 (November 2023): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x2300026x.

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‘Decolonization’ has superseded ‘postcolonial’ as the most compelling catchword of the present moment. Broadly speaking, the term possesses two parallel genealogies: African decolonization and Latin American decoloniality. But where are Asian territories such as India and Hong Kong, and, more specifically, fields such as theatre history, located in the debate? This article analyzes the stakes and struggles, inner contradictions and blind spots, involved in decolonizing or decentring the curriculum. It asks whether the decolonial temporalities of our time constitute an adequate lens to theorize theatre history by firstly examining the term’s misuse by popular historians, media, and government; and, second, by interrogating a spectrum of positions on ‘Indian Theatre’ from the nineteenth century onwards. Through this double focus, the article probes the scholarly possibilities for undoing the dominant mode when the ‘decolonization trope itself becomes a tool for colonization’.

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8

Yang, Qingling, Qi Sun, Alice Yuen Loke, Chun Hao, Harry Haoxiang Wang, Jing Qin, Lin Yang, and Yao Jie Xie. "Cohort profile: migraine exposures and cardiovascular health in Hong Kong Chinese women (MECH-HK)." BMJ Open 14, no. 7 (July 2024): e084228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084228.

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PurposeEvidence about the associations of migraine features with cardiovascular risk profiles in Chinese population is lacking. The Migraine Exposures and Cardiovascular Health in Hong Kong Chinese Women (MECH-HK) cohort was constructed to investigate longitudinal migraine features and their cardiovascular implications in Hong Kong Chinese women.ParticipantsWe enrolled 4221 Hong Kong Chinese women aged 30 years or above from October 2019 to December 2020. Demographics, reproductive information, lifestyle factors, disease history, blood lipids and glucose, anthropometrics and body compositions were measured during baseline and follow-up. Migraine diagnosis followed the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria. Migraine features were longitudinally tracked using a migraine diary and summarised by a wide range of epidemiological metrics. Cardiovascular health was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS).Findings to dateFrom October 2021 to June 2023, 3455 women completed the first follow-up measurement. The retention rate was 81.9%. The average age at baseline was 54.40 years. The mean blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 6.44 mmol/L, 65.06 mg/dL and 102.40 mg/dL, respectively. The average FRS was 0.06. Participants had a 10.3% prevalence of migraine or probable migraine. After 1.27 years of follow-up, the median migraine attack frequency was 0.99 attacks/month, with an incidence rate of 2.55 attacks/person-month and a median duration of 7.70 hours/attack. Sleep problems (64.7%) and stress (54.0%) were the top triggers, while prevalent accompanying symptoms were nausea (67.4%), photophobia (39.9%), phonophobia (30.0%) and vomiting (26.2%). Migraine auras included blurred visions (59.6%), flashing lights (41.3%), blind spots (33.0%), pins and needles (6.4%) and halo (1.8%).Future plansThe follow-up for the cohort will be implemented every 2 years. MECH-HK will provide unique longitudinal data on migraine features in Hong Kong women. The linkage between migraine features and cardiovascular disease risk progression will be identified by a long-term observation.

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9

Zou, Yizheng. "English Newspaper and Sport: TheSouth China Morning Post's Lawn Bowls Reporting in British Colonial Hong Kong." International Journal of the History of Sport 30, no. 3 (February 2013): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2012.755348.

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10

Yu, Ruby, Jean Woo, Ruth Chan, Aprille Sham, Suzanne Ho, Annette Tso, Bernard Cheung, Tai Hing Lam, and Karen Lam. "Relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population: the Hong Kong Dietary Survey." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 7 (April 5, 2011): 1133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001100053x.

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AbstractObjectiveTo study the relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults.DesignA prospective cohort study. Dietary assessment was carried out using a validated FFQ. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Dietary glycaemic load and variety of snacks were also calculated.SettingA hospital-based centre at the Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong SAR, China.SubjectsA total of 1010 Chinese adults aged 25–74 years who participated in a territory-wide dietary and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence survey in 1995–1996 were followed up for 9–14 years for the development of diabetes.ResultsA total of 690 (68·3 %) individuals completed follow-up during 2005–2008 and seventy-four cases of diabetes were identified over the follow-up period. Four dietary patterns were identified (‘more snacks and drinks’, ‘more vegetables, fruits and fish’, ‘more meat and milk products’ and ‘more refined grains’). After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, alcohol intake, participation in exercise/sports and family history of diabetes, the more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with a 14 % lower risk (OR per 1 sd increase in score = 0·76; 95 % CI 0·58, 0·99), whereas the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with a 39 % greater risk of diabetes (OR per 1 sd increase in score = 1·39; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·84). Dietary glycaemic load, rice intake, snack intake and variety of snacks were not independently associated with diabetes.ConclusionsThe more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with reduced risk and the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with an increased risk of diabetes.

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11

Wong, Virginia. "Study of the Relationship Between Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Autistic Disorder." Journal of Child Neurology 21, no. 3 (March 2006): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7010.2006.00046.

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There has been increasing awareness that there are behavioral phenotypes in tuberous sclerosis complex with neuropsychiatric symptom complex such as autistic disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the neurobiologic basis of autistic disorder in tuberous sclerosis complex is still unknown. We studied two cohorts of children followed up since 1986 until 2003, one cohort with tuberous sclerosis complex and another cohort with autistic disorder, to determine the incidence of autistic disorder in tuberous sclerosis complex and the incidence of tuberous sclerosis complex in autistic disorder respectively. We established a Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Registry in 1985 at the University of Hong Kong. In 2004, 44 index cases (the male to female ratio was 0.75:1) were registered. Three had a positive family history of tuberous sclerosis complex. Thus, the total number of tuberous sclerosis complex cases was 47. We adopted the diagnostic criteria of tuberous sclerosis complex for case ascertainment. The period prevalence rate of tuberous sclerosis complex for children and adolescents aged < 20 years is 3.5 per 10,000 (on Hong Kong island, excluding the eastern region with 125,100 aged < 20 years in 2003). Of 44 cases with tuberous sclerosis complex, 7 had autistic disorder. Thus, the incidence of autistic disorder in tuberous sclerosis complex is 16%. During the 17-year period (1986—2003), we collected a database of 753 children (668 boys and 84 girls; male to female ratio 8:1) with autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorders. For all children with autistic disorder or pervasive developmental disorders, we routinely examined for any features of tuberous sclerosis complex by looking for neurocutaneous markers such as depigmented spots, which appear in 50% of children with tuberous sclerosis complex by the age of 2 years. For those with infantile spasm or epilepsy, the clinical features of tuberous sclerosis complex were monitored regularly during follow-up. Of these, seven had tuberous sclerosis complex. Thus, the incidence of tuberous sclerosis complex in autistic disorder is 0.9%. All of these children are mentally retarded, with moderate to severe grades in an intellectual assessment conducted by a clinical psychologist. Future studies should be directed toward looking at the various behavioral phenotypes in tuberous sclerosis complex and defining these with standardized criteria to look for any real association with the underlying genetic mutation of TSC1 or TSC2 gene or even the site of tubers in the brain. ( J Child Neurol 2006;21:199—204; DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00046).

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12

Ching, Frank. "Hong Kong." Current History 95, no. 602 (September 1, 1996): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1996.95.602.272.

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13

LEUNG, Mee Lee. "Sports Participation For Hong Kong Women And Hong Kong Initiatives." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 1, no. 2 (December 1, 1995): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.11162.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Historically, sports was globally understood within the context of a masculine value system both in the Eastern and Western Societies. The 'Ying' and the 'Yang' stand for female and male in the Chinese culture implied that the female are more fragile and submissive where as the male being more aggressive and stronger. With 90% of the population in Hong Kong being Chinese, the cultural belief in a Chinese society that "Women's place should be in the home" has confined women to attend household chores and child bearing activities. In early 20th century, with the changing role of women in China and especially in Hong Kong, women are more active that they were a decade ago. Women are equal nowadays in a wide range of activities because they are better educated, play a more committed role and live a more active life. Thus, their participation in sports has increased in the past decade both in recreation and in competition. This paper attempts to report on Hong Kong women's participation in major games and also to recommend strategies which can further enhance women's place in sports.歷史上，無論東西方社會，運動廣泛地被視為屬於雄性的項目。正如中國以陰陽來代表女男一樣，女性被認為較順從和脆弱的，而男性則較強壯和具攻擊性。在九成人口都是中國人的香港社會中，「女性應該留在家裡」的觀念曾規限著女性須要處理家務和照顧孩子的責任。踏入20世紀，女性對社會事務的參與也開始積極起來。時至今日，香港的女性在多方面都能跟男性般獲得平等對待。她們不單止得到較佳的敎育機會，在社會的角色也越來越重要。因此，無論在運動比賽及健體活動上，女性的參與比十年前的大為提高。究竟香港女性過去在主要運動競賽上的參與情況和未來女性在運動發展上方針應該如何?這都是本文探討的綱領。

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14

Pickett, Loretta. "Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong." Spine 33, no. 11 (May 2008): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000319084.13122.ff.

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15

McAfee, Jordan. "Hong Kong, 2008." Spine 33, no. 20 (September 2008): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000336086.84255.d3.

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16

Hung-Kay, Luk. "Hong Kong History and Culture." Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 30, no. 3 (April 1998): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csa0009-4625300313.

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17

Overholt, William H. "Hong Kong and China." Current History 84, no. 503 (September 1, 1985): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1985.84.503.256.

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18

Soe, Valerie. "Hong Kong Cantopop: A concise history. Yiu-Wai Chu. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2017. 240 pp." Journal of Popular Music Studies 29, no. 4 (December 2017): e12255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpms.12255.

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19

Chan, Koon-Chung. "Hong Kong viscera." Postcolonial Studies 10, no. 4 (November 2, 2007): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688790701621391.

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20

Jones, Geoffrey. "Elizabeth Sinn, Growing with Hong Kong. The Bank of East Asia 1919–1994 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1994)." Financial History Review 2, no. 2 (October 1995): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565000001773.

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21

Kan, Flora, and Edward Vickers. "One Hong Kong, Two Histories: 'History' and 'Chinese history' in the Hong Kong school curriculum." Comparative Education 38, no. 1 (February 2002): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050060120103865.

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22

Flowerdew, John, and Rodney Jones. "Occupy Hong Kong." Journal of Language and Politics 15, no. 5 (November 29, 2016): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.15.5.01flo.

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23

Overholt, William H. "China and British Hong Kong." Current History 90, no. 557 (September 1, 1991): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1991.90.557.270.

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24

Yip, Kevin M. H., Ping Chung Leung, and Shekhar M. Kumta. "Osteosarcoma in Hong Kong." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 323 (February 1996): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199602000-00007.

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25

Chen, Wu. "Hong Kong’s Welfare System Under “Starting a New Chapter”: History and Prospects." World Journal of Social Science Research 10, no. 3 (July 21, 2023): p44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v10n3p44.

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“Starting a new chapter for Hong Kong together” is the campaign slogan shouted by Mr. John Lee, the new chief executive of Hong Kong, under the new background of Hong Kong’s development. To start a new chapter, the primary goal is to solve various social problems accumulated in Hong Kong in the past, so Hong Kong’s welfare system should be reformed. This paper first analyzes the development history, current characteristics and driving factors of Hong Kong’s welfare system, finds that the progress of Hong Kong’s welfare system has been slow and it is difficult to respond to new social problems such as the large rich-poor gap, aging population, and working poverty, although Hong Kong has relatively comprehensive social welfare as an developed region. Where will Hong Kong’s welfare system go to start the new chapter? Starting from the real situation, this paper believes that Hong Kong will inevitably move towards a “People’s Livelihood-Oriented Active and Moderate Inclusive” welfare system based on the new government’s policy address and budget.

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26

Leong, Che-Hung. "History of surgery in Hong Kong." Surgical Practice 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2008): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1633.2007.00389.x.

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27

SHAW, R., D. L. K. TANG, R. B. OWEN, and R. J. SEWELL. "THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF HONG KONG." Asian Geographer 27, no. 1-2 (January 2010): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2010.9684152.

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28

Chen, Huiyu. "An Analysis of Hong Kongs National Identity Struggle Through Secondary School History Education Perspective." Communications in Humanities Research 11, no. 1 (October 31, 2023): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/11/20231456.

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Hong Kong's July 1st Conflict took place on the anniversary of the founding of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, when protesters clashed with the police and caused chaos resulting in huge losses in terms of public transport safety, finance and trade. The protesters stated that they only recognised Hong Kong citizenship and refused to be recognised as Chinese, and read out the Hong Kong People's Declaration of Resistance. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that Hong Kong's young generation identifies more with their Hong Kong citizenship and has a declining sense of belonging to the mainland China. This paper is dedicated to examining how Hong Kong and the Mainland differ in shaping the national identity of their citizens from the perspective of history education textbooks.

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29

Schulz, Ninja, Carolin Biewer, and Lisa Lehnen. "Hongkongites, Hong Kongers, Hong Kong Belongers?" English World-Wide 41, no. 3 (November 9, 2020): 295–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00052.sch.

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Abstract To find empirical evidence for Schneider’s (2007) periodisation for the emergence of Hong Kong English, Evans (2014, 2015) scrutinised various historical documents, such as newspapers, council proceedings and jury lists. Taking the increasing use of the terms Hongkonger and Hongkong people during the 1980s as evidence for the emergence of a new Hong Kong identity, he argued that the Chinese population considered themselves part of the community. This paper systematises Evans’ (2014) approach by analysing terms denoting ingroup and outgroup members in English news discourse in Hong Kong from 1903 to 1999. By tracing changes in frequency, reference and discourse topics associated with the terms, periods of identity reconstructions are uncovered and Schneider’s and Evans’ periodisations reassessed. The study thus contributes to our understanding of the social dynamics in Hong Kong’s history, which are considered key to the emergence of Hong Kong English.

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30

&NA;. "FIMS 1992–Hong Kong." Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 5, no. 2 (1991): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005131-199105020-00095.

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31

Chan, K. M., Y. Yuan, C. K. Li, P. Chien, and G. Tsang. "Sports causing most injuries in Hong Kong." British Journal of Sports Medicine 27, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.27.4.263.

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32

Li, Hercy C. K., and Cecilia W. P. Li-Tsang. "Sports Related Hand Injuries in Hong Kong." Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 20, no. 1 (June 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1861(10)70053-x.

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33

Li, Hercy C. K., and Cecilia W. P. Li-Tsang. "Sports Related Hand Injuries in Hong Kong." Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 20, no. 1 (June 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-18611070053-x.

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34

Tong, Christopher. "Hong Kong Poets and the Making of a Cosmopolitan Literary Genre." Writing Chinese: A Journal of Contemporary Sinophone Literature 2, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22599/wcj.44.

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Hong Kong has always existed on the margins of history. Interestingly, Hong Kong’s liminal status also made it a cosmopolitan space for transcultural exchanges between Chinese and Western worlds throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Despite its unique position vis-à-vis China and the West, however, Hong Kong has long been dismissed as lacking cultural gravitas. As such, Hong Kong culture finds itself self-consciously confronting a perennial crisis: as the People’s Republic of China gains increasing recognition in the canons of world literature, Hong Kong’s cosmopolitan culture is indirectly side-lined in the process. Meanwhile, Hong Kong literature is routinely underrepresented in the canons of modern Chinese literature. Anthologies of modern Chinese poetry and poetry research, for instance, scarcely include Hong Kong poets, if at all. Given this context, this essay seeks to rearticulate the place of Hong Kong in modern Chinese literary history. More specifically, it traces the emergence of Hong Kong poetry as a cosmopolitan literary genre in the latter half of the twentieth century. The goals are threefold: to historicise the confluence of Chinese and Western literary traditions in the city of Hong Kong; to locate specific intersections of identity, language, and politics in the production of Hong Kong poetry; and to introduce biographical and bibliographical data on notable Hong Kong poets.

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35

Fu, Poshek. "Japanese Occupation, Shanghai Exiles, and Postwar Hong Kong Cinema." China Quarterly 194 (June 2008): 380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100800043x.

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AbstractThis article explores a little-explored subject in a critical period of the history of Hong Kong and China. Shortly after the surrender of Japan in 1945, China was in the throes of civil war between the Nationalists and Communists while British colonial rule was restored in Hong Kong, The communist victory in 1949 deepened the Cold War in Asia. In this chaotic and highly volatile context, the flows and linkages between Shanghai and Hong Kong intensified as many Chinese sought refuge in the British colony. This Shanghai–Hong Kong nexus played a significant role in the rebuilding of the post-war Hong Kong film industry and paved the way for its transformation into the capital of a global pan-Chinese cinema in the 1960s and 1970s. Focusing on a study of the cultural, political and business history of post-war Hong Kong cinema, this article aims to open up new avenues to understand 20th-century Chinese history and culture through the translocal and regional perspective of the Shanghai–Hong Kong nexus.

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Kong, Vivian. "‘Hong Kong is my Home’: The 1940 Evacuation and Hong Kong-Britons." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 47, no. 3 (October 29, 2018): 542–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2018.1539727.

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Tong, Ruijie. "The Formation and Practical Dilemma of Hong Kong's Executive-Led System from the Perspective of British Colonial History and Policy." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/4/20220361.

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Hong Kong, as a particular administrative region of China, practices a very different system from that of mainland China, in which Hong Kong practices an executive-led approach in the distribution of government power. The formation of this system has very much to do with the more than 150 years of British colonial rule and its policies in Hong Kong. The focus of this paper is how Britain, as the suzerain state, exerted its influence on the colony and eventually made Hong Kong an executive-led system. Also, this study examines the dilemma of the executive-led system in Hong Kong today and the reasons for the hole's formation. This paper finds that Hong Kong's Executive-led system is essentially an extension of the Governor's system. It is the result of the influence of various policies during the British colonial rule in Hong Kong

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38

Wong Foreman, Matthew. "The Making of the Eurasian in Fin-de-Siècle Hong Kong." Pacific Historical Review 92, no. 4 (2023): 576–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.4.576.

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This article examines the emergence of the Hong Kong Eurasian community through analyzing the rise of a transnational “Chineseness” in fin-de-siècle Hong Kong. Specifically, it interrogates competing visions of who qualified as Chinese in the years surrounding a 1902 debate over the proposed appointment of Robert Ho Tung, a Eurasian, as the Chinese representative to the Legislative Council. The article argues that the rising prejudice Eurasians faced in the early twentieth century prompted many Hong Kong Eurasians to disidentify with local Chinese and instead establish their own community. This prejudice was due to a hardening of racial typology from the mid-nineteenth century onward, a discursive process rooted in the increasingly racialized geopolitical landscape across the transpacific region during the same period. Transnational Chineseness, an interpretation of Chinese identity that privileged immutable racial characteristics above all else, entered Hong Kong discourse at the turn of the century. Hong Kong was a staging ground for a global racial discourse where competing conceptions simultaneously denied yet reified color lines.

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39

Smart, Alan. "Consuming Hong Kong. Edited by Gordon Mathews and Tai-lok Lui. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2002. xi, 340 pp. $45.00 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 62, no. 1 (February 2003): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3096180.

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40

Strand, D. "FUNG CHI MING. Reluctant Heroes: Rickshaw Pullers in Hong Kong and Canton, 1874-1954. (Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Studies Series.) Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 2005. Pp. xx, 216. $49.50." American Historical Review 112, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.112.3.830.

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41

Baker, Hugh D. R. "Social Change in Hong Kong: Hong Kong Man in Search of Majority." China Quarterly 136 (December 1993): 864–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000032367.

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In 1983 when The China Quarterly published a special issue on Hong Kong, I attempted to synthesize the history of its urban social life, coining the term “Hong Kong Man” to describe what I considered to be the emergence of an identifiable unique social animal. Hong Kong Man, I suggested, was neither Chinese nor British. I characterized him as quick-thinking, flexible, tough for survival, excitement-craving, sophisticated in material tastes, and self-made in a strenuously competitive world. He operated in the context of a most uncertain future, control over which was in the hands of others, and for this as well as for historical reasons he lived “life in the short term”.

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&NA;. "OSTEOSARCOMA IN HONG KONG." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 16, no. 5 (September 1996): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199609000-00086.

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Fu, Poshek. "Hong Kong Cinema: Coloniser, Motherland and Self. By Yingchi Chu. [London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002. xxi+184 pp. £55.00. ISBN 0-7007-1746-3.]." China Quarterly 177 (March 2004): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004370128.

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The recent success of Jackie Chan, Chow Yun-fat, Jet Li, Wong Kar-wai, and John Woo in reaching a global audience, along with the enormous changes in Hong Kong since the early 1990s, has attracted a lot of critical attention to Hong Kong cinema around the world. Beginning with Stephen Teo's Hong Kong Cinema (1997) and David Bordwell's Planet Hong Kong (2000), scholarship on the cinema of Hong Kong – whether from the perspective of cultural identity, global culture, film history, or film art – has greatly expanded. Australian scholar Yingchi Chu's book, Hong Kong Cinema: Coloniser, Motherland and Self, contributes to this growing trend.Hong Kong Cinema is a brief but ambitious book. In less than 150 pages, it tries to map out the entire history of the cinema, from the 1910s to developments after the 1997 takeover. The book draws on a provocative conceptual framework to provide a sweeping overview of Hong Kong cinema and offers some fascinating observations on the industry. However, the book needs further revisions to bring out its rich potential.

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44

Hui, Stanley Sai-chuen. "Current Perspectives on Health and Physical Activity in Hong Kong: A Review." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.1.1.56.

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Promoting regular physical activity has been considered one of the most important aspects of preventive medicine in recent years. This is due to the fact that tremendous evidence has been found about the positive association between increasing physical activity and desirable health effects. Findings have been summarized in a number of review documents; however, most of these reviews emphasize findings retrieved from research conducted in Western countries. Few papers were found to summarize findings in physical activity and health of the Hong Kong Chinese population. Epidemiological studies revealed that there exists distinct diverse health status among different ethnic groups due to culture, beliefs, genetic makeup, health practices, and behaviors in these highly diverse groups. This chapter reviews what is known about the association between physical activity and health in the Chinese population of Hong Kong. Current health issues including coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, and so on, that are specific to the Hong Kong situation are reviewed. Moreover, findings in physical activity participation levels of Hong Kong adults and children are introduced. Results indicate that the associations between physical activity and health found in the Chinese population of Hong Kong share similar trends as those reported in Western countries. Three quarters of Hong Kong children and adults are not physically active enough to achieve health benefits. The physical activity level for the Hong Kong Chinese population remains low. The need for promotional and intervention programs on physical activity participation is pressing.

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45

Wong, John D. "Constructing the Legitimacy of Governance in Hong Kong: “Prosperity and Stability” Meets “Democracy and Freedom”." Journal of Asian Studies 81, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911821002230.

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Abstract The current political crisis in Hong Kong is characterized by a level of social unrest that the city has not seen since the riots of 1966–67. After that earlier round of turmoil, the British colonial regime secured legitimacy through socioeconomic improvement in Hong Kong. “Prosperity and Stability” became the hallmark of Hong Kong's success, which extended into the period of political uncertainty in the 1980s. Transcending the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997, this catchphrase was adopted as the slogan of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government in its bid for legitimacy through socioeconomic appeals. Against this perennial state rhetoric, grassroots protesters began to demand “Democracy and Freedom” around June Fourth. These public demands have escalated since the Umbrella Movement in an environment of socioeconomic regression. Examining these two pairs of keywords—prosperity/stability and democracy/freedom—this article underscores the contention in the legitimacy of governance in Hong Kong since the closing decades of British rule. This analysis indicates that it would be unproductive for the governing authorities or the protesters to deny the earnestness of either the political or socioeconomic assertions in the ongoing contention of legitimacy to govern Hong Kong.

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46

Zhou, Ziheng. "Flowing landscapes: Hong Kong leftist documentary films during the Cold War (1954–1979)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 12-3 (December 1, 2022): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202212statyi96.

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Hong Kong leftist cinema took “landscape” as their theme to avoid the risks of censorship by the British Hong Kong authorities. These “landscapes” not only allowed viewers to project patriotic feelings, but also built a sense of community of destiny between Mainland China and Hong Kong. Sorting out the characteristics of leftist documentaries allows you to get a more complete picture of the view of Hong Kong's leftist culture.

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47

Huiyan, Gao. "Cherishing the Memory of Hong Kong." Chinese Studies in History 36, no. 1 (October 2002): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-4633360113.

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48

Linzhen, Qu. "America Is Better Than Hong Kong." Chinese Studies in History 36, no. 1 (October 2002): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-4633360128.

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Lam, Jen, and Sammie Ng. "History of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects." Ardeth, no. 10 (2022): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17454/ardeth10-11.12.

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Despite having a key impact on professionalization and design, the role of the professional institute is often taken for granted in the architectural field. This piece centers on the overlooked history of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects (HKIA) to unravel the complex processes of professionalization in a specific spatio-temporal context – Hong Kong. Compared to other countries, the making of architecture in Hong Kong could be vastly different, where theoretic discourses and nationalistic ambitions have been less influential. As the representative, examination, and accreditation body of Hong Kong architects, HKIA would be a pivotal stakeholder in shaping the architectural practice. The institute’s struggle for proper recognition of architects over the years through professionalization would be marked by different and evolving strategies, both inward and outward. It is also emblematic of the struggle between different competencies which makes it challenging to define the role of the architect and consequential when it comes to the profession’s agency in shaping the built environment more broadly.

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KEVIN HO, CHUNG-HIN, and HEI-HANG HAYES TANG. "Building Houses by the Rootless People: Youth, Identities, and Education in Hong Kong." Harvard Educational Review 90, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-90.2.282.

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In this essay, Chung-Hin Kevin Ho, a history education university student in Hong Kong, narrates his search for civic identity. Composed through a process of critical and reflective dialogue with Hayes Tang, the essay describes the tension between Chung-Hin’s Chinese ethnic and cultural identity and the democratic values held by Hong Kongers. As a student, he and his peers had to navigate these competing conceptions of identity in their coursework and examinations. The youth of Hong Kong, including Chung-Hin, have protested against the Chinese government, and have fought to protect the values of Hong Kong. As a future educator, Chung-Hin has advice for the government administrations of both Hong Kong and China: work with Hong Kongers to help them “build their own house.” Chung-Hin argues that if Hong Kong is to become closer to China, it cannot be done through force or propaganda. Further, Chung-Hin contends that education initiatives that change the history curriculum of Hong Kong schools is not enough to bring the youth of the city to heel. Chung-Hin’s experiences, and his own understanding of history education in Hong Kong, have helped him see that the values of Hong Kongers need to be respected if there is any hope of gaining their trust and acceptance. In this timely essay, Chung-Hin highlights how government policies and historical legacies have shaped his personal experience and educational trajectory in Hong Kong, as well as the other students who are a part of the largest youth protest movement in recent memory.

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