Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sport-School conflict"

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between children's moral reasoning and their assertive, aggressive, and submissive action tendencies in sport and daily life contexts. The 106 fourth- through seventh-grade children were asked to reason about hypothetical sport and daily life moral dilemmas and to respond to two behaviorally validated, self-report instruments designed to assess action tendencies in sport and daily life conflict situations. Multiple regression analyses indicated that moral reasoning scores were predictive of action tendencies, with reasoning positively related to assertion and negatively related to aggression. Results were interpreted in light of a congruence between Haan's (1978) descriptions of moral levels and the moral implications of the action tendencies under consideration. Gender and school-level differences in action tendencies were also noted; no gender or school-level differences in moral reasoning were found.

Background:In light of recent reports, schools must be realistic in that physical activity recommendations cannot be met through curriculum PE alone. However, extracurricular PE and school sport has the potential to further promote physical activity in adolescents. Consequently, the Welsh Government, UK, proposed through its Climbing Higher strategy (2006) for secondary school children to achieve 60 minutes of physical activity a day. This was implemented through Sport Wales and the 5×60 scheme.Method:This study aimed to examine the experiences of the 5×60 officers responsible for implementing the program, with a view to gain an understanding of the barriers associated with increasing participation in physical activity. Officers from 14 unitary authorities across Wales were interviewed using a socioecological approach that considered the impact of: personal behaviors, physical environment, social environment, and policy.Results:Participants reported a number of challenges affecting the delivery of the program, including: availability of facilities, lack of support from senior management, time, and conflict with PE staff.Conclusion:This study suggests that current methods used by personnel to facilitate extracurricular school sport may not be the most appropriate, and future direction should consider the place and contribution of physical activity to young people’s lives.

In order to identify factors associated with on-field moral functioning among student athletes within the unique context of football, we examined masculine gender role conflict, moral atmosphere, and athletic identity. Using structural equation modeling to assess survey data from 204 high school football players, results demonstrated that moral atmosphere (i.e., the influence of coaches and teammates) was significantly associated with participants’ process of on-field moral functioning across the levels of judgment, intention, and behavior. Neither masculine gender role conflict nor athletic identity significantly predicted moral functioning, but the results indicated that participants’ identification with the athlete role significantly predicted conflict with socialized gender roles. Results suggest that in the aggressive and violent sport of football, coaches can have a direct influence on players’ moral functioning process. Coaches can also have an indirect effect by influencing all the players so that a culture of ethical play can be cultivated among teammates and spread from the top down.

Background: Interpersonal conflicts occur in any kind of social relation, including the field of sports. Proper emotional management can improve athletes’ well-being, coexistence, and performance. This study presents the initial results of the gamified emotional education program Happy Sport in a sample of athletes in the field of non-formal education. Methods: The study sample consists of 194 athletes from the benjamín and alevín categories (3rd- to 6th-grade primary school children). A quasi-experimental pre-intervention and post-intervention design with a control group is followed using the Games and Emotions Scale (GES), Social Support Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA), and Bullying in Sports Questionnaire. Results: Statistically significant differences were found across participants in the experimental group between the pre- and post-intervention evaluations for the variables satisfaction and bullying. An analysis of the competencies related to emotion regulation revealed significant results for the experimental group for both scales (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression). Conclusions: The results show that after a training session with the gamified software Happy Sport, children’s satisfaction increased and bullying levels decreased. Changes in cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression may also be explained by the training received.

This research paper aims to see to what extent a project of revitalization of playgrounds contributes to improving coexistence, conflict resolution, and the participation of boys and girls in sport and physical activities. The paper also aims to know the level of motivation and interest the project could have for the students. For this, after initial assessment, a project of revitalization of recreations was designed, and after a few days of training, it was implemented for a month in a primary school in Spain, with 179 students (98 boys and 81 girls) from 1 to 6 grades; it was carried out in the school playground during a 30-minute recess period. The project consisted of two phases of training; the first one explained different games through training days; the second phase featured free recreation and independent work. The project opted for a mixed methodology of collecting information; this methodology included an information questionnaire and participant observation. The study concludes by highlighting the students’ high interest and motivation, the increasing participation, both boys and girls in physical and sports activities, and the reduction of conflicts between students of the center.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to apply the Self-Assertiveness Training based on Solution-​Focused to student-athletes caused by violence in sports. Methods Participants were five Taekwondo athletes in this study. They were consisted of offenders, a accuser, and a victim. The head coach of the team asked for counseling to resolve the conflict. Data was collected with quantitative, qualitative data, and group dynamics. The group counseling program was conducted for 90 minutes a week for eight weeks. Results The results are as follows. First, (application process) the 8-week Self-Assertiveness Training based on Solution-Focused was assessed to be applied step by step and systematically. Second, (qualitative evaluation) as a result of analyzing the observation journal and the interview data, the participants experienced the change of attitude and thought of group members in a short period of time by focusing on enhancing self-assertiveness. Third, (quantitative evaluation) self-assertiveness and attitude of school violence measured by questionnaires were higher in post-survey than pre-survey. In addition, participants' satisfaction with the program was found to be very positive. Discussions and Suggestions Self-​Assertiveness Training based on Solution-Focused was found to have a significant effect on conflict resolution among the student-athletes who have experienced violence in sport. This programs was expected to increase the value of use in the sport field. Based on this case study, We suggested for future research.

Work–family balance in sport has until this point largely been characterized as an issue for women. Current societal trends, however, suggest that men also struggle with balancing work and family responsibilities. Using theoretical frameworks from both conflict and enrichment, this study examined the ways that fathers who are coaches experience and manage the work–life interface. Twenty-four men who are fathers and high school varsity head coaches were interviewed for this study. The respondents discussed the day-to-day challenges and coping strategies they utilized to manage their work–life interface. Ultimately, five themes emerged from the data, including (a) coaching as more than an occupation, (b) experiences of conflict and strain, (c) coping strategies, (d) nonutilization of organizational supports, and (e) experiences of enrichment. These findings suggest that, indeed, men struggle with balancing competing role demands. However, the findings also suggest that men are utilizing diverse and creative approaches for managing their fathering and coaching roles, resulting in meaningful experiences of enrichment stemming from both coaching and fathering.

This study explores female freestyle wrestlers’ experiences related to identity, body consciousness, (hetero)sexuality, and (conventional) femininity, and also the perceptions of females participating in a traditionally male-dominated sport. Data was collected from questionnaires distributed to 47 high school, university, and club female wrestlers and from in-depth interviews with eight university wrestlers. Based on the findings, the researchers suggest that female wrestlers are comfortable with their body; that public perception concerning their sexuality and femininity is not an issue of concern for them; and that they do not experience gender-role conflict nor engage in the female apologetic. The results are of particular interest because they differ from what other studies have concluded regarding the experiences of women in(traditionally male-dominated sports.

A continual pressure within the educational system in Indonesia to focus on high levels of academic achievement is a major barrier to implementing an effective physical education curriculum in Indonesia. The conflict between the implementation of a movement based approach (MBA) and a sport based approach (SBA) presents another continuing problem. The current approach leads more to an orientation towards the acquisition of sport skills rather than the attainment of objectives of cognitive development. This study is aimed to reveal the association between the physical fitness and academic achievement of children in Sumedang, West Java. Four physical fitness test items and a specially constructed mathematics test were administered to 265 children from grades four and five. The ability of performance on the physical fitness tests to predict performance in mathematics was calculated by linear multipleregression analysis. The findings revealed that there was a significant association, although low, between the physical fitness components and mathematics achievement. Sit ups and squat jumps showed low partial correlations and the relationships for push ups and the 400 metre run were negative Limitations in the ability of the children to perform the tests were suggested as an explanation for the mixed results. It was argued that this weakness served to emphasise the importance of giving greater priority to physical education and the quality of its teaching within the school curriculum.

Faire des études tout en étant athlète de haut niveau est un défi exigeant que tentent de relever les étudiant·es-athlètes (EA). Les rôles d’étudiant·e et d’athlète sont chacun accompagnés d'exigences qui sont susceptibles d’altérer leur santé mentale. Dans la littérature sur le double projet sport-études, la relation entre les rôles a été souvent envisagée comme étant conflictuelle, de sorte que s'impliquer dans le rôle d’athlète serait préjudiciable aux études, et réciproquement. D'autres travaux ont néanmoins révélé que s'engager dans les études permettrait l’acquisition de compétences et connaissances qui faciliteraient l’engagement ou la performance dans le sport, et réciproquement. Autrement dit, ces deux rôles s'enrichiraient mutuellement. Malgré ce constat, la majorité des études conduites auprès des EA se sont surtout concentrées sur les facteurs liés au contexte sportif, en négligeant ceux spécifiques au double projet et leurs conséquences sur la santé mentale des EA. Ainsi, l'enjeu de ce travail doctoral était de mieux comprendre les interactions entre les rôles d’étudiant·e et d’athlète, et leurs relations avec la santé mentale des EA, afin de répondre à la question suivante : comment peut-on faciliter la gestion du double projet sport-études pour promouvoir la santé mentale chez les EA ? Pour cela, les objectifs de cette thèse étaient (1) d’examiner les études portant sur les liens entre interactions de rôles et santé pour identifier les connaissances et limites de la littérature, (2) de comprendre comment les EA concilient leur double rôle, (3) d’identifier et de mesurer les interactions entre ces deux rôles et (4) d’examiner les relations entre ces interactions de rôle et la santé mentale des EA.Tout d’abord, une revue systématique de la littérature a permis d'identifier comment les travaux antérieurs envisageaient les interactions entre les rôles d’étudiant·e et d’athlète, et quelles en étaient les conséquences sur la santé des EA (Contribution n°1). Un premier axe de travail a consisté à traduire et valider en français un outil permettant de mesurer la saillance des identités académique et athlétique des EA, et à examiner les relations additives et interactives entre celles-ci et le bien-être sportif (Contribution n°2). Sur la base des travaux relatifs aux interactions de rôle travail-famille nous avons ensuite appréhendé le rôle plus proximal des conflits et enrichissements entre les rôles d’étudiant·e et d’athlète dans la prédiction du bien-être des personnes. Face au manque d’outils permettant d’évaluer ces construits, nous avons traduit, adapté et validé une échelle tirée de la littérature sur les interactions travail-famille pour mesurer les interactions négatives et positives sport-études (Contribution n°3). Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès d’EA pour tester la pertinence de cette conceptualisation, en identifiant la diversité des conflits et enrichissements pouvant exister dans un contexte de double projet (Contribution n°4). Nos travaux se sont ensuite focalisés sur le lien entre les interactions sport-études et la santé mentale. Dans une étude centrée sur la personne, nous avons identifié différents profils latents d’interactions sport-études et examiné leurs relations singulières avec le bien être sportif (Contribution n°5). Enfin, une étude de suivi menée auprès d’EA en centre de formation a examiné si les variations hebdomadaires intra-individuelles des conflits et enrichissements sport-études étaient liés aux variations hebdomadaires de bien-être sportif et académique (Contribution n°6).Dans son ensemble, ce travail doctoral apporte une contribution à la compréhension des facteurs liés à la santé mentale des EA et offre des perspectives prometteuses pour des aménagements permettant de faciliter le double projet sport-études et d’améliorer la santé mentale des EA
Studying while being an elite athlete is a demanding challenge that student-athletes (SAs) try to meet. Each role, student and athlete, comes with demands that are likely to alter their mental health. In the sport-school dual career literature, the relationship between these roles has often been seen as conflicting, such that involvement in sport would be detrimental to school, and vice versa. However, other studies have shown that involvement in school can help to develop skills or knowledge that facilitate involvement or performance in sport, and vice versa. In other words, both roles are mutually enriched. In spite of these results, the majority of studies carried out among SAs have focused mainly on factors related to sport context, neglecting those specific to the dual career and their consequences on SAs’ mental health. Therefore, the stake of this doctoral dissertation was to better understand the interactions between the student and athlete roles and their relationships with the mental health of SAs, in order to answer the following question: How can we facilitate the management of sport-school dual careers to promote mental health among SAs? To this end, the aims were (1) to review studies on the relationships between role interactions and health in order to identify the knowledge and limitations of the literature, (2) to understand how SAs experience and reconcile their dual roles, (3) to identify and measure the interactions between these two roles, and (4) to examine the relationships between these role interactions and the mental health of SAs.First, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine how previous work has considered the interactions between the student and athlete roles, and the consequences on SAs’ health (Contribution 1). The first line of work was focused on the French the translation and validation of a tool that measures the salience of the academic and athletic identities of SAs, and on the examination of the additive and interactive relationships between these identities and athletic well-being (Contribution 2). Building on research on work-family interactions, we then considered the more proximal role of conflict and enrichment between the student and athlete roles in predicting well-being. Given the lack of tools to assess these constructs, we translated, adapted, and validated a scale from the work-family interactions literature, to measure negative and positive sport-school interactions (Contribution 3). Semi-structured interviews were conducted among SAs to test the relevance of this conceptualisation, by identifying the diversity of conflicts and enrichments that may exist in a dual career context (Contribution 4). Then, our work focused on the relationships between sport-school interactions and mental health. In a person-centred study, we identified latent profiles for sport-school interactions and examined their unique relationships with athletic well-being (Contribution 5). Finally, in a follow-up study carried out with SAs in training centres, we examined whether intra-individual weekly variations in sport-school conflicts and enrichments were related to weekly variations in athletic and academic well-being (Contribution 6).Overall, this doctoral work contributes to the understanding of factors related to SAs mental health of and offers promising perspectives for adaptations to facilitate the sport-school dual career and improve SAs’ mental health

Orientação: Francisco Alberto Ramos Leitão
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar se as Crenças Normativas se relacionavam, positivamente, com as diferentes Estratégias de Gestão de Conflitos – Estratégia da Imposição de Comportamentos, Estratégia da Acomodação, Estratégia do Afastamento e Estratégia da Resolução de Problemas - em relação à inclusão dos seus pares com deficiência nas aulas de EF. A amostra foi constituída por 1763 alunos do 2º e 3º ciclos do ensino básico de 10 escolas do concelho de Lisboa. Dos 1763 alunos, 869 eram do género masculino e 894 eram do género feminino, encontrando-se a idade dos inquiridos entre os 10 e os 18 anos. Para a recolha de dados foram utilizados dois questionários: “A atitude dos alunos sobre a inclusão dos seus pares com deficiência” e “Escala de Gestão de Conflitos”. Os resultados mostraram uma correlação positiva e significativa entre as Crenças Normativas e todas as Estratégias de Gestão de Conflitos estudadas. No entanto, duas correlações foram fracas (Imposição de Comportamentos e Afastamento) e duas moderadas (Resolução de Problemas e Acomodação). A Estratégia de Imposição de Comportamentos foi a que apresentou menor valor médio e foi também aquela que apresentou menor correlação com as Crenças Normativas. Verificou-se que, por esta dar máxima importância ao objetivo, em detrimento das relações, os alunos que utilizam esta estratégia apresentavam Crenças Normativas mais baixas, dando menor significado às pressões externas, sendo, deste modo, menos influenciados, positivamente, por outros (professores, colegas e pais), em relação à inclusão de pares com NEE nas aulas de EF. Concluiu-se que estes valores poderiam estar associados a uma relação entre a utilização desta estratégia e o caráter competitivo do aluno, sendo que os alunos que optaram por esta estratégia eram mais competitivos. A Estratégia da Acomodação, que apresentou o maior valor médio, foi também aquela que apresentou maior correlação com as Crenças Normativas. Concluiu-se que as Crenças Normativas foram mais elevadas nos alunos que utilizavam Estratégias de Gestão de Conflitos de natureza mais colaborativa, como é o caso da Estratégia Acomodação, estratégia que valoriza as relações pessoais em detrimento dos objetivos e apresenta elevados índices de cooperatividade, refletindo, portanto, uma maior sensibilidade na inclusão dos seus pares com NEE nas aulas de EF.
The present study aimed to investigate if the Normative Beliefs are positively related to the Conflict Resolution Strategies – Forcing Strategy, Smoothing Strategy, Withdrawal Strategy and Collaborating Strategy, towards inclusion of peers with disabilities in physical education classes. The sample consisted of 1763 participants, 2nd and 3rd cycles students, from basic education in 10 schools in the Lisbon municipality. 869 students were male and 894 were female, the age ranged between 10 and 18 years old. To collect data two questionnaires were used, "The attitude of the students on the inclusion of peers with disabilities" and "Conflict Resolution Scale ". The results/ answers showed that there were a positive and significant correlation between the Normative Beliefs and all Conflict Resolution Strategies studied. However, two of them were weak (Forcing Strategy and Withdrawal Strategy) and two moderates (Smoothing Strategy and Collaborating Strategy). The Forcing Strategy is the one that presents smaller medium value, and it is also the one that presents smaller correlation with the Normative Beliefs. It was verified that, because this strategy gives enormous importance to the goal, instead of the relationships, the students that used this strategy, presented lower Normative Beliefs, giving less meaning to external pressures, being less positively influenced by the remaining ones (teachers, friends and parents), in relation to the inclusion of pairs with SEN in the PE classes. It was also concluded that these values could be associated to the relationship between the use of this strategy and the student's competitive character, being that students that opt for this strategy were more competitive, since it. The Smoothing Strategy that presents the largest medium value, is also the one that presents larger correlation with the Normative Beliefs. Concluding, the Normative Beliefs were higher in students that use Conflicts Resolution Strategies, in a more cooperative nature, like the case of the Smoothing Strategy, strategy that values the personal relationships in detriment of the goals, presenting high cooperation indexes, contemplating therefore a larger sensibility in the inclusion of their pairs with SEN in the PE classes.

Orientação: Francisco Alberto Ramos Leitão
Este estudo enquadra-se no sistema educativo português atual e no paradigma há já muito discutido ao longo dos anos- Escola Inclusiva. O nosso estudo não foca os problemas burocráticos e funcionais que estão associados à mesma, mas sim a forma como os alunos vêm a inclusão e como agem perante a presença de alunos com deficiência na sua turma. É um estudo centrado nas aulas de Educação Física, que se diferencia das demais áreas disciplinares por ser específica e necessitar de uma intervenção adequada de todos (pais, professores e alunos) ao tipo de deficiência manifestado pelo aluno em questão, e, especificamente na forma como os alunos ditos normais lidam com alunos com necessidades educativas especiais. O caráter quantitativo do nosso estudo pressupôs a criação de uma base de dados resultante da aplicação de dois questionários: Um primeiro questionário designado “Escala de Gestão de Conflitos” e um segundo questionário designado “Atitudes dos alunos face à inclusão dos seus pares com deficiência. A criação desta base de dados permitiu-nos construir uma amostra de 2056 alunos selecionados de forma aleatória, correspondentes ao 2º, 3º ciclo e secundário, oriundos da Margem Sul, Lisboa, Santarém, Carcavelos e Torres Vedras. O tratamento estatístico foi desenvolvido através do SPSS, recorrendo-nos do teste não paramétrico de análise de variáveis – Correlação de Pearson. Pretendemos estudar a presença de uma possível associação entre a Estratégia de Gestão de Conflitos- Negociação e os vários tipos de Crenças do aluno (Comportamentais, Normativas e de Controlo). Verificámos que existe uma correlação, embora muito fraca entre a estratégia da negociação e todas as crenças. Verificámos também que os alunos têm uma atitude positiva em relação à inclusão dos seus pares, partilhada pelos seus pais e professores. Na opinião dos alunos os professores desempenham um papel mais relevante que os pais ou os próprios alunos, na inclusão de alunos com deficiência nas aulas de EF
The present study consists on a quantitative study focused on the dynamics of specials needs students in physical education classes. Our study is based on the “Inclusive School” paradigm, already established on the Portuguese educational system for many years. Physical education classes differ in many ways from others classes however, for students with specials needs, it’s particularly important that parents, teachers and fellow students work together in order to create protocols that are suitable to their specific needs.Accordingly rather than focusing on the bureaucratic an functional aspects of the problem, our study aims to explore the dynamics of how students act towards fellow students with specials needs Our investigation was developed withing a data-base created from the distribution of two questionnaires, namely: "Conflict Management Scale" and "Student's Attitudes Towards Inclusion of Fellow Students with Special Needs". Our final sample consisted of 2056 students, that ranged in scholar distribution from middle school and high school, and from four major areas (Margem Sul, Lisboa, Santarém, Carcavelos and Torres Vedras). Our main objective to find a possible association between strategies of conflict management/negotiation and student's beliefs (behavioral, normative, control). In order to treat and analyse our data we used a statistical software (SPSS), for the variables analysis we used a non-parametric test, Pearson's Correlation. Regarding results we verified that there is a correlation between the strategies of conflict management/negotiation and student's beliefs, however very weak. We also verified that students have a positive attitude towards inclusion of their peers, that is also shared by parents and teachers. In student's opinion teachers play a more important role than parents e students themselves in the inclusion of students with special needs in physical education classes.

Orientação: Francisco Alberto Ramos Leitão
A escola tem o desafio diário de responder às necessidades de todos os alunos, independentemente das suas caraterísticas. Neste sentido, todo o sistema educativo, tem um papel decisivo na inclusão escolar. É fundamental que se adote as melhores estratégias no sentido de promover uma educação de qualidade aos futuros cidadãos. O grande objetivo do nosso estudo é analisar a correlação entre a Estratégia de Imposição ou também designada de Tubarão e as dimensões das atitudes (Crenças Comportamentais Favoráveis, Crenças Comportamentais Desfavoráveis, Crenças Normativas, Crenças de Controlo Interno e Crenças de Controlo Externo) dos alunos do 3º Ciclo no que toca à inclusão de pares com NEE nas aulas de EF. A amostra do estudo é constituída por 1158 alunos do 3º ciclo do ensino básico, distribuídos pelas escolas das regiões de Lisboa, Oeiras, Torres Vedras e Margem Sul. Foram aplicados dois questionários, intitulados “As atitudes dos alunos face aos seus pares com deficiência nas aulas de Educação Física” (AID-EF, Leitão, 2014) ” e “Escala de Gestão de Conflitos (EGC, Leitão, 2014) ”. Após a aplicação dos dois questionários, procedemos ao tratamento dos dados, ao qual foi utilizado o programa SPSS através do Teste de Correlação de Pearson. Relativamente ao presente estudo é de salientar que a estratégia da imposição não se correlaciona com as crenças favoráveis nem desfavoráveis mas que se relacionam positivamente, embora com um grau de correlação fraco, com as crenças normativas e as crenças de controlo interno. O uso de estratégias de natureza impositiva não surge, no entanto, como fator limitativo aos comportamentos inclusivos, pois os alunos consideram que são capazes de facilitar o processo de inclusão dos seus pares com deficiência. Em suma os alunos apresentam uma atitude claramente positiva em relação à inclusão dos seus pares com deficiência nas aulas de EF, onde as médias são elevadas nas crenças comportamentais favoráveis, normativas e as de controlo interno e externo e a média é baixa nas crenças comportamentais desfavoráveis.
School has a daily challenge to respond to the needs of all students, independent of their characteristics or individual necessities, therefore the educational system has a decisive role in inclusion at school. It is fundamental that better strategies were adapted in order to promote quality of education for future citizens. The goal of our study is to analyze the correlation of enforcement strategy, denominated as Tubarão and the range of attitudes (favorable behavior beliefs, disfavorable behavior beliefs, normative beliefs and external control beliefs) in students of the third cycle when it comes to inclusion of Students with Special Educational Needs in Physical Education classes. The sample of the study is constituted by 1158 students of the third cycle of basic education, distributed by schools in the regions of Lisbon, Oeiras, Torres Vedras e Margem Sul. Two questionnaires were used: “Students’ attitudes towards the ones with deficiency in Physical Education classes” (AID-EF, Leitão, 2014) and “Conflict Management Scale” (EGC, Leitão, 2014)”. After the application of the questionnaires, data were statistically treated, using an SPSS program through Pearson Correlation Test. Regarding the present study it is important that the strategy of enforcement does not correlate with favorable or unfavorable beliefs but is positively related, even with a weak degree of correlation, with the normative beliefs and the beliefs of internal control. The use of strategies of enforcement does not arise as a limiting factor in inclusive behaviors, because students consider that they are able to facilitate the process of inclusion of pairs with disabilities. In conclusion, students have a positive attitude toward inclusion of pairs with disabilities in Physical Education classes, where the averages of favorable behavioral beliefs, and normative internal and external control are high and the average is lower in unfavorable behavioral beliefs.