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1
Blais, Christine. "What is a Valid Context: Sport is Sport?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 1 (August 1990): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1990.71.1.97.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The term context has been used in a large number of research articles, but context does not, as yet, have a universally accepted definition. Sport is also a term subject to multiple definitions. Therefore, there is a need for caution when trying to identify unfamiliar and familiar research contexts in sport.
2
Kosiewicz, Jerzy. "The Ethical and Legal Context of Justifying Anti-Doping Attitudes." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 62, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2014-0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The reflections presented in the paper are not normative (in general, it can be said, that they do not create moral values and demands). The presented reflections particularly stress the sense, essence, meaning, and identity of sport in the context of moral demands. A disquisition pointing out that sports and sport-related doping can be situated beyond the moral good and evil must be considered precisely as metaethical, and leads in a consciously controversial way to fully defining the identity of sport in general, as well as the identity of particular sports disciplines. These reflections also refer to the issue concerning the identity of sports philosophy, i.e. general deliberations and specific issues concerning, for example, the factual and cognitive status of normative ethics in sport. It is impossible to overestimate the role and meaning of metaethical reflection in the context of substantiating moral demands in sports as well as in the context of practical results of expectations. This metaethical reflection not only extends self-knowledge, but also contributes to the metaphilosophy of sports. The degree of the development of self-knowledge - both the metaethics of sports and the metaphilosophy of sports - is also a very important declaration, and a sign of general maturity of the philosophy of sports (Kosiewicz 2008/2009, pp. 5-38)
3
Ha, Jae-Pil, Sun J. Kang, and Jaehyun Ha. "A conceptual framework for the adoption of smartphones in a sports context." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 16, no. 3 (April 1, 2015): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-16-03-2015-b002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study proposes a conceptual model to comprehensively understand how sports fans perceive and accept smartphones and applications in a sport consumption context by developing a series of propositions. Theoretically based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Sport Website Acceptance Model (SWAM), this study provides fundamental groundwork to better conceptualise sports fans' decision making processes involving the latest technology used to consume sport.
4
Kavussanu, Maria, and Nikos Ntoumanis. "Participation in Sport and Moral Functioning: Does Ego Orientation Mediate Their Relationship?" Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 25, no. 4 (December 2003): 501–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.501.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined whether participation in contact sports influences moral functioning within the sport context, and whether these effects are mediated by ego orientation; the role of task orientation on moral functioning was also examined. Participants (N = 221) were college athletes participating in basketball, soccer, field hockey, and rugby. They completed questionnaires assessing sport participation, goal orientations, moral functioning, and social desirability. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that participation in contact sports positively predicted ego orientation, which in turn predicted low levels of moral functioning. The direct effects of sport participation on moral functioning became nonsignificant in the presence of ego orientation, indicating that the latter construct mediates the relationship between the first two variables. Task orientation corresponded to high levels of moral functioning. These findings help us further understand the processes operating in contact sports and are discussed in terms of their implications for eliminating unsportspersonlike conduct from the sport context.
5
BLAIS, CHRISTINE. "WHAT IS A VALID CONTEXT: SPORT IS SPORT?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 5 (1990): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.71.5.97-98.
Повний текст джерела
6
Zaksaitė, Salomėja. "Sukčiavimo sporto srityje samprata ir kriminalizavimo ypatybės." Teisė 79 (January 1, 2011): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2011.0.177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Straipsnyje analizuojama sukčiavimo sporto srityje samprata ir jo raiška baudžiamuosiuose įstatymuose. Priimto konsensuso dėl sukčiavimo sporto srityje apibrėžimo nėra, tačiau įmanoma nustatyti pagrindines sukčiavimo sporto srityje savybes ir pateikti šio reiškinio apibrėžimą kelių teisinių paradigmų kontekste. Taip pat pristatoma sukčiavimo baudžiamojoje teisėje samprata ir tiriami vienos iš pavojingiausių sukčiavimo sporto srityje formų – manipuliacijų sporto rezultatais – kriminalizavimo aspektai. Nustatoma, kad baudžiamosios teisės kategorijos – apgaulė, žala, veikos baigtinumo momentas – turėtų būti interpretuojamos atsižvelgiant į sukčiavimo sporto srityje kontekstą ir modus operandi. Atitinkamo tyrimo rėmuose tampa aiškesnis sporto ir baudžiamosios teisės santykis. The article describes the concept of cheating in sports and its criminalization peculiarities. There is no a coherent single definition of said concept, therefore several legal paradigs are presented in order to indicate the basic features of cheating in sport and set the determination. Also, the concept of criminal fraud is covered and problematic aspects of criminalization of one of the most dangerous form of cheating in sport – match fixing – are explored. It is ascertained that criminal law categories – deception, damage and crime consumnation moment, shall be interpreted considering the context and modus operandi of cheating in sports. In the context of such analysis the relation between sports law and criminal law becomes clearer.
7
Dadelo, Stanislav. "THE ANALYSIS OF SPORTS AND THEIR COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES." Creativity Studies 13, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2020.12206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The emergence of the phenomenon of sports is closely associated with the processes of communication. Sport is a social phenomenon, which solves a number of various tasks. The integrity and popularity of sport promoted the emergence and development of sport industry, integrating all human activities. The sport industry is changing with the changes in social and technological development. It is aimed at satisfying the needs of the society at various levels (i.e. personal, group, social, national and international levels). Sport helps to solve the tasks of personal growth. The analysis of sport and the basic elements of the sport industry allows for assessing the importance and determining the stages of the sport industry’s development. The phenomenon of sport and the associated industry needs a thorough study, including seemingly unrelated areas (i.e. education, physiology, psychology, law, economy, communication, culture, technologies, etc.).
8
Saunders, John, and Rusli Lutan. "Sport, science and politics in Indonesia: challenges in epistemology within an evolving global context." International Sports Studies 42, no. 3 (December 11, 2020): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-e.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper considers the current status of physical education and sport science in Indonesia from the perspective of the development of the professional knowledge base and research culture surrounding its practice. It seeks to place the field’s development within the broader context of international sport studies from 1945 to 2020. It identifies as major influences the process of globalisation and the growth of international sport as a significant political and economic entity. Physical education is acknowledged as a common historical base for the three modern strands within contemporary sports studies – medical /and health science, high performance studies, and sports business management. Future developments are considered in the context of the current pandemic. Covid19 and the world’s response to it has impacted on some key dimensions which underpin the current global sports economy – namely easy and convenient travel and the gathering of crowds in the widespread consumption of live sport. It is suggested that this might cause a major reset in the conduct of elite sport and sport festivals. The continuing growth of the physical activity and health sector is predicted and in the context of the serious challenges facing the sporting sector a case is made for increased resources to be moved back into the educational study and practice of sport and physical activity as a universal good.
9
Medić, Ines. "Applicable Law for Contracts in the Sporting Context." SEEU Review 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2017-0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article presents an analysis of contractual relations in sport from the standpoint of the Croatian legislative system. Due to the complexity of the subject matter, the author considers only a small fragment of it - the significance and the role of sport in Croatian society and the law of contracts „as a cornerstone on which „sports law“ has been built and which is of primary importance in most areas where there is an interface between sport and the law, irrespective of whether the sport is being played at an elite level or at a more humble one“. Bearing in mind the limited extent of this article, the autor tries to provide some clarifications and some guidance on how to deal with the designation and the determination of the applicable law for contracts in the sporting context. Considering that there are different legal regimes which may come into play with regard to the designation of the law applicable to contracts in the sporting context, the author first presents the determination of the applicable law according to the Rome I Regulation and then according to the Croatian Arbitration Act, Swiss Private International Law Act and the CAS Code of Sports-related Arbitration, as the most common in sports practice. Then, the author deals with contracts concluded with minor athletes and the determination of the law applicable to some preliminary questions. Finally, the author presents her perception of the problems encountered and some suggestions for the improvement of the existing legal framework.
10
Kosiewicz, Jerzy. "The Ethical Context of Justifying Anti-Doping Attitudes: Critical Reflections." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 53, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-011-0024-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Ethical Context of Justifying Anti-Doping Attitudes: Critical ReflectionsThe reflections presented in the paper are not normative (in general, it can be said, that they do not create moral values and demands). The presented reflections particularly stress the sense, essence, meaning, and identity of sport in the context of moral demands. A disquisition pointing out that sports and sport-related doping can be situated beyond the moral good and evil must be considered precisely as metaethical, and leads in a consciously controversial way to fully defining the identity of sport in general, as well as the identity of particular sports disciplines.These reflections also refer to the issue concerning the identity of sports philosophy, i.e. general deliberations and specific issues concerning, for example, the factual and cognitive status of normative ethics in sport.It is impossible to overestimate the role and meaning of metaethical reflection in the context of substantiating moral demands in sports as well as in the context of practical results of expectations. This metaethical reflection not only extends self-knowledge, but also contributes to the metaphilosophy of sports. The degree of the development of self-knowledge – both the metaethics of sports and the metaphilosophy of sports – is also a very important declaration, and a sign of general maturity of the philosophy of sports (Kosiewicz 2008/2009, pp. 5-38).
11
Van Raalte, Judy L., Lorraine Wilson, Allen Cornelius, and Britton W. Brewer. "Self-Talk in a SCUBA Diving Context." Sport Psychologist 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2017-0091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theory suggests that matching self-talk to sport demands can result in performance benefits, but the effects of self-talk in adventure-sport contexts that feature high risk (e.g., self-contained underwater breathing apparatus [SCUBA] diving) have not been studied. This research explored the effects of instructional and motivational self-talk in a high-risk adventure-sport context. Students (N = 78) enrolled in SCUBA diving courses were randomly assigned to self-talk (instructional, motivational) or control conditions; practiced self-talk and SCUBA diving skills; rated their levels of effort, confidence, and focus; and were evaluated during certification dives. Results indicated that participants gained confidence over time. The instructional-self-talk group reported being significantly more focused and confident during certification dives than the motivational-self-talk group. These results demonstrate the efficacy of matching self-talk to task demands in the high-risk context of adventure sports.
12
Mills, Brian M., Scott Tainsky, B. Christine Green, and Becca Leopkey. "The Ultimatum Game in the College Football Rivalry Context." Journal of Sport Management 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2017-0094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sport rivalries have been shown to increase the emotional intensity of fans, which not only can lead to higher levels of interest and involvement but can also escalate negative fan behaviors based on in-group/out-group distinctions. This study represents the first use of an experimental economics approach in sport management to understand the behaviors of rival sports fans. Specifically, the classic behavioral economics experiment, the ultimatum game, was used to test the willingness of rival fans to make their out-group counterparts worse off. Using a $10 stake, proposers offered approximately 8.7% less to rival fans than to in-group fans, while the probability that a responder accepted an offer—holding constant offer size—was approximately 7% lower when the proposer was a rival. Team identification had no effect on offers or acceptances. Implications for understanding rivalry in sport are discussed, and advantages of behavioral economics for sport management research are noted.
13
Koshovyi, Oleksandr G., and Olena Yu Krasovska. "Institutional Sport Reform in the Context of Enhancing Investment Attractiveness of Ukraine's Sports Sector." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 67 (March 2016): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.67.38.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the system reformation of Ukrainian sport industry. The changes, providing the confidence of institutional and private investors are revealed. The main areas of reform that will promote the establishment of an independent and investment attractive sports sector are defined. The authors have analyzed the origins of existing problems of organization principles of sport in Ukraine that hinder its development and transformation from vestiges of communism to self-sustaining competitive segment of Ukraine's economy integrated into the global and European sports community. The legal and economic institutional model for further development of sport in Ukraine needed to sustain the interest of investors has been proposed.
14
Mulya, Andi, Firmansyah Dlis, and Achmad Sofyan Hanif. "The Evaluation of Sport Journalism of Tempo Magazine." Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 22, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol22no1.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article referring to Stufflebeam evaluation theory, with four components namely Context, Input, Process, and Product. However, the article will focus on context and input components. Respondents of this study are journalists, editors and those who have covered sports including the editor in chief of Tempo magazine, the Tempo Research and Library Section, and national sports figures. The research method is evaluation research which is a descriptive study that aims to find out the development of sports journalism in Tempo magazine. Program evaluation was arranged to find out activity after activity in planning and writing the journalistic work of the Tempo magazine. Based on the interviews, study of documents and observations. the research show that Tempo magazine is consistent in managing the elemenys on context and input components, thus it has a positive contribution to the development of sport news writing. The research recommends faculty of sport science especially, to embracethe various experience of Tempo magazine in the sport writing, which is believed to ease sport journalistic teaching in accordance with the expectation of faculty of sport science curriculum.
15
Ogorodov, D. A., and M. V. Dobrynina. "High Performance Sport in the Context of Soviet Policy and Ideology." Economic and Socio-Humanitarian Studies 32, no. 4(32) (December 31, 2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/2409-1073-2021-4-89-98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The theoretical foundations of the ideologization of sports are analyzed: Marxist ideology, the ideas of romantic nationalists. The characteristic features of the Soviet policy in the field of sports are highlighted and described. It is shown that, being politicized, sport played an important domestic political role in the Soviet Union, being an instrument for the formation of group identification of Soviet citizens and the education of a personnel reserve for the Soviet army, industry and other sectors of the economy. It is noted that the sport of high achievements in the international arena successfully fulfilled the tasks assigned to it by the Party and the Government - demonstrating the superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist one. Emphasis is placed on the politicization and symbolic militarization of high-achievement sports.
16
Dziubiński, Zbigniew. "Olympism in the Context of Modernity." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 47, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-009-0040-y.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Olympism in the Context of ModernityThe sociological outlook on Olympism and sport contained in this paper covered the ideas and notions of sport to a lesser extent than the actual state of affairs, that is, the condition of sport here and now. The sociological description of sport assumed that sport was an element of the modern society and contemporary culture. This perspective allowed the description and analysis of sport in terms which are employed by sociology, or more generally, by social sciences. This means that it was possible to reflect upon sport through paradigms, theories and trends of thought which are effectively used in attempts at sociological descriptions of modern societies.The critical analysis of Olympism and contemporary sport, presented above, does not assert that Olympism and sport have run out of possibilities for further development. On the contrary, both Olympism and contemporary sport are the hope and the chance that a better future awaits communities, cultures, civilizations and humanity on a global scale. Furthermore, the threats and negative trends which emerge in sport should not remain concealed or underestimated, because they are of an objective character and have an effect on the whole of the humanistic power of sport. One should also realise that all the aforementioned negative phenomena and processes do not result from some kind of degeneration of sport as such, but are caused by general, external tendencies which penetrate sport through economic, financial, axiological, ethical and many other channels.The more or less clear outline of the future of sport contained in this paper is of an alternative and exclusively probabilistic character. The future development of sport can take three different directions. Firstly, the future may bring out and strengthen all the tendencies which are already present in contemporary sport, such as dehumanisation, commercialisation, visualisation and medialisation. Secondly, there may emerge a global trend to force sport into the idealised frame of the past and make it become what it was after its foundations had been laid during the Hellenistic period, or rather, the way people remember it being. However, such inclinations towards general reconstruction usually emerge after radical developments which, for example, challenge sport as a cultural reality. Thirdly, the postmodernist ideals may be revived in one form or another, and while they will not necessarily alter the structure of sport, they will put the emphasis which results from certain trends and processes on some unspecified areas of sport consumption and the pursuit of maximal sensations and excitement in sport.No ideals are immune to distortion when subjected to the process of materialisation. Ideals are not realised by perfect and metaphysical beings, but by humans made of flesh and bones and having both good and bad inclinations. Every person is socialised and moulded in a specific cultural and social reality which is never free from deviation and pathology. Similarly, there can be no sport, and that includes the Olympic movement, which could possibly remain an enclave of good and nobleness, a paradise on Earth, with a wall separating it from all the phenomena and processes that take place in contemporary societies. In a way, sport and the Olympic movement are bound to be penetrated by diverse phenomena and trends which have an impact on the spirit and image of sport.There are no ideal societies nor is there ideal sport, free from deviation and pathology. It is thus totally impossible to accomplish the utopia of the Olympic movement and sport as a land of happy people, uninfluenced by phenomena and processes which are characteristic of modern societies. There can be no world without individuals who breach cultural models, norms and values, no world without deviants and swindlers. Nevertheless, this unattainable utopia has to be pursued, because in the pursuit, people can achieve a lot to improve the axionormative order in sport as well as social life in all its aspects.
17
Hahn, Dustin A., and R. Glenn Cummins. "Differentiating Objective Sport Knowledge Versus Subjective Sport Fanship via a Test of Exemplification in Sport Media." Communication & Sport 6, no. 3 (March 3, 2017): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479517695090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recognizing the need for a more nuanced measure of sport fanship, this study utilizes an experiment to better understand the construct of sport fanship, comparing a common sport fanship measure and an adapted, objective measure of sport knowledge. This experiment also extends exemplification theory into the novel context of sports media by examining how one individual difference—domain-specific knowledge and interest in the subject—influences perceptions formed through a common message type, a sports highlight reel. Exemplification effects in the form of exaggerated football plays did indeed alter perceptions of the athlete despite concrete sport statistics depicting the athlete modestly. Interestingly, while the two concepts were positively correlated, they did not act uniformly. High knowledge sports fans were less swayed by exaggerated sports highlight exemplars when compared to their low knowledge counterparts while high and low fans categorized by self-identified interest did not affect the perceptions of the on-screen athlete. Thus, this study contributes to current research by expanding exemplification theory and furthering the multidimensional operational understanding of sport fanship. Additional findings and future research directions are discussed.
18
Di Corrado, Donatella, Maria Guarnera, Francesca Vitali, Alessandro Quartiroli, and Marinella Coco. "Imagery ability of elite level athletes from individual vs. team and contact vs. no-contact sports." PeerJ 7 (May 22, 2019): e6940. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background In the sport context, imagery has been described as the condition in which persons imagine themselves while executing skills to deal with the upcoming task or enhance performance. Systematic reviews have shown that mental imagery improves performance in motor tasks Methods The aim of the present study was to explore whether imagery vividness (i.e., the clarity or realism of the imagery experience) and controllability (i.e., the ease and accuracy with which an image can be manipulated mentally) differ by sport types (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact). Participants were athletes from team contact and non-contact sports (rugby and volleyball, respectively), and individual contact and non-contact sports (karate and tennis, respectively) between the ages of 20 and 33 years (M = 24.37, SD = 2.85). The participants completed the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2, and the Mental Image Transformation Tasks. Results A 2 ×2 × 2 (gender × 2 contact-no-contact × 2 sport type) between groups MANOVA showed differences in imagery ability by sport type. Practical indications deriving from the findings of this study can help coaches and athletes to develop mental preparation programs using sport-specific imagery.
19
Mazurkiewicz, Michał. "Sport in the Context of Social Sciences. 2012. Eds. W. J. Cynarski, J. Kosiewicz, K. Obodyński." Respectus Philologicus 23, no. 28 (April 25, 2013): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2013.23.28.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sport in the Context of Social Sciences. W. J. Cynarski, J. Kosiewicz, K. Obodyński, Eds. 2012. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. 282 pp. ISBN 978-83-7338-813-0.
Sport has been a very important component of human existence for ages. It is a complex and colourful phenomenon which arouses the intense interest of fans all over the world and which can be analysed from different points of view. Sport is definitely something more than pure entertainment. Anyone interested in sport should become familiar with the latest fruit of the work of the Polish scientists conducting research on different aspects of sports history and sociology. It is worth emphasizing that in Poland there are numerous scholars who have put sport at the centre of their scientific interests.
20
Wong, Eugene H., Curt L. Lox, and Steven E. Clark. "Relation between Sports Context, Competitive Trait Anxiety, Perceived Ability, and Self-Presentation Confidence." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 3 (June 1993): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.3.847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the relations among athletic context, i.e., team-sport versus individual-sport, competitive trait anxiety, perceived ability, and self-presentation confidence for 62 men and 34 women athletes. The analyses showed that the athletic context is associated with variations in competitive trait anxiety and self-presentation confidence; however, no main effect or interaction was noted for perceived ability. Results support the notion that aspects of the sports context are significantly related to various precompetitive cognitions.
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Caslavova, Eva, Jiri Kraft, Josef Voracek, and Monika Bartova. "ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF VOLUNTEERING AND LABOUR MARKET IN SPORT." Ekonomika 93, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2014.2.3543.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Volunteering for society is of multidimensional significance nowadays. From the organisation’s position, it represents a cheap source of work, mostly in the fields where there are several reasons for the work not being done by professionals, or possibly where it saves time for the employees who can more intensively perform other activities. It is of economical significance not only in the calculation of costs and expenses in the non-profit organizations’ management, but also on the macro-economical level. Therefore, several countries perform conversions of volunteering into full-time jobs, possibly into the economic value of volunteering in the respective country’s GDP creation. The problem probably lies in the fact that the acquired data depend more on the volunteering evaluation and are hardly comparable among the respective countries.From the marketing point of view, the other significance is found in creating goodwill and its spread by the organizations dealing with volunteering that can be used in systematic work with the media, in acquiring new volunteers, and in creating new types of stimuli for them.This research deals with the commitment and motivations of the young generation of Czech students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of the Charles University in Prague (further FTVS UK) and of the following foreign universities and independent graduate schools: West Virginia State University (further WVSU) in the United States of America, and Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln (further DSHS) in the Federal Republic of Germany. The acquired results show that Czech students engage in volunteering very little in comparison with the foreign ones. Czech students have even stated that they do not have sufficient motivation for volunteering. If they engage, then it is mainly in the field of sports, which is quite understandable in the case of students of sports branches of study. Actually, over 85% of FTVS UK students only volunteer in the sports domains occasionally or very seldom, and they usually do it at sport events. At the same time, foreign German and U.S. students volunteer in sport clubs as a regular activity, also more students volunteer than in the Czech Republic. From the institutional point of view, sport clubs appear to be the most important promoter of volunteering in all of the mentioned countries.For students of the studied universities, the main reason for becoming a volunteer is “to acquire new experiences”. Another reason is the fact that they want to “support a good idea / project”. The research has shown that American students consider volunteering to be a moral obligation. In fact, volunteering in their society is a completely ordinary thing which makes citizens to be proud. For American students, to be serviceable to other people is the most important factor. This can be justified by the fact that volunteering is so popular in the USA because it is accepted as an ordinary part of life. On the contrary, German students prefer the fun standpoint connected with volunteering when performing volunteering. At the same time, Czech students give priority to an interesting environment to volunteer in. In general, regarding the respondents’ motivations we can state that students of these three universities evaluate volunteering as being a very good experience for them, and they mostly want to keep on doing it. However, this motivation was lower for the FTVS UK students in absence of any reward for their work. This implies that the Czech students perceive the essence of volunteering differently from foreign students.Key words: volunteering, volunteering in sport, benefits of volunteering for NGOs in sport, volunteers’ motivations, stimuli and motivating factors for volunteering
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Sudibyo, Elok, Budi Jatmiko, and Wahono Widodo. "The Effectiveness of CBL Model to Improve Analytical Thinking Skills the Students of Sport Science." International Education Studies 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n4p195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p class="apa">Sport science undergraduate education, one of which purposes is to produce an analyst in sport. However, generally analytical thinking skills of sport science’s students is still relatively very low in the context of sport. This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of Physics Learning Model in Sport Context, Context Based Learning (CBL) model. The effectiveness of CBL model was described based on the data of increasing analytical thinking skills of sports science’s students. This research used experimental design of pre-test and post-test design with replication. The results showed that the CBL model was able to improve the analytical thinking skills of sport science’s students with N-gain of 0.78 in high category increase. Statistical paired t-tests also informed that the model can significantly improve analytical thinking skills of sport science’s students at the level of significance as much as α = 0.05. Based on the improvement of students’ analytical thinking skills, it can be concluded the CBL model was effective.</p>
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Hemphill, Michael A., Emily M. Janke, Barrie Gordon, and Haley Farrar. "Restorative Youth Sports: An Applied Model for Resolving Conflicts and Building Positive Relationships." Journal of Youth Development 13, no. 3 (September 18, 2018): 76–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2018.603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When handled effectively, conflict provides opportunities to strengthen relationships and assist youth in developing peaceful conflict resolution skills. Sport participation is one context in which youth develop skills and encounter conflict. The purpose of this study was to develop an applied model that addresses conflict resolution in sport-based youth development programs. Using qualitative interviewing, a community-engaged approach guided the selection of participants and data analysis. We used the models of restorative practice and Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) through sports to guide our study. Following interviews with a variety of community partners, we found that the values of sport are often in conflict with restorative practices. However, a relational approach such as TPSR aligns well with the values of restorative practices. Based on our findings, an applied model was developed to illustrate how restorative practice can be utilized in a sport context. The Restorative Youth Sports (RYS) model recognizes that conflicts and tension are natural and inherent to all relationships. When handled appropriately, conflict provides opportunities to strengthen relationships. Youth sport provides a unique context where youth are presented with problems and conflicts to solve and promote healthy relationships among youth.
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Cousens, Laura, and Martha L. Barnes. "Sport Delivery in a Highly Socialized Environment: A Case Study of Embeddedness." Journal of Sport Management 23, no. 5 (September 2009): 574–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.5.574.
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The social embeddedness of economic interaction has emerged at the forefront of economic sociology over the last 15 years. In the context of sport, however, little research has been undertaken to enhance our understanding of how the socialized context surrounding sport organizers, local governments, and corporate sponsors impact decisions affecting sport delivery. Therefore, the purpose of this case study is to explore the social embeddedness of decision makers in sport organizations and the local government that shape sport delivery in one community. An embedded perspective of economic interactions considers the continuity of relationships that generate particular behaviors, norms, and expectations. In-depth interviews with the leaders of this community’s sport organizations and the members of its local government were undertaken to gain insight into the nature of how decisions pertaining to sport delivery were shaped and constrained by the social context in which they were bounded. The results of this research suggest that the informal interaction among community leaders in sport and politics served to inhibit change in the way sport programs were delivered in this community. Further, taken for granted assumptions of city leaders about the type, number, and quality of sports delivered to the residents resulted in fewer opportunities for sport participation, despite an awareness of the limitations of the existing programs.
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Sullivan, Philip, Kyle J. Paquette, Nicholas L. Holt, and Gordon A. Bloom. "The Relation of Coaching Context and Coach Education to Coaching Efficacy and Perceived Leadership Behaviors in Youth Sport." Sport Psychologist 26, no. 1 (March 2012): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.26.1.122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.The purposes of this study were to examine how coaching context and level of coaching education were related to coaching efficacy and, subsequently, how coaching efficacy was related to perceived leadership behaviors in youth sports. One hundred and seventy-two youth sport coaches completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale and Revised Leadership Scale for Sports. Structural equation modeling revealed that coach education significantly affected the multidimensional construct of coaching efficacy whereas coaching context did not. Coaching efficacy predicted perceived leadership behaviors comprising training and instruction, positive feedback, social support, and situational consideration. These findings question the issue of coaching efficacy as a factor that may distinguish between coaches at different organizational contexts but highlight the importance of coach education training for improving coaching efficacy in youth sport.
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Alexe, Cristina Ioana, Dan Iulian Alexe, Gabriel Mareş, Dragoş Ioan Tohănean, Ioan Turcu, and Rafael Burgueño. "Validity and reliability evidence for the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire with Romanian professional athletes." PeerJ 10 (January 11, 2022): e12803. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12803.
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Background Despite the importance attributed to athletes’ motivation in sports performance and well-being; no measures of motivation toward sport were found in the Romanian sport context. Objective Grounded in self-determination theory, this research aimed to adapt and to gather validity and reliability evidence supporting the use of the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ) in the Romanian sport domain. Method The participants were 596 Romanian professional athletes (age: M = 22.91, SD = 5.84; sports experience: M = 11.14, SD = 5.03), who 273 practiced individual sports and 323 team sports. They completed an online questionnaire survey assessing their perception of behavioral regulation, resilience and burnout in sport. Results Confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-factor correlated model, which was invariant across age and sport. Correlations among latent factors configured a simplex structure, underpinning the self-determination continuum. Average variance extracted values from .50 to .70 endorsed convergent validity. Scores for heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations as high as .88, as well as 95% confidence intervals of each interfactor correlation that did not include 1.00 supported discriminant validity. Values over .70 for Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega and Raykov’s coefficients showed a good level of reliability for each factor. Linear regression analysis revealed that while intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation and identified regulation positively predicted resilience, introjected regulation, external regulation and amotivation positively predicted burnout. Conclusions The BRSQ is shown to be a valid and reliable measure of the six types of behavioral regulation in the Romanian sport context.
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Shuttleworth-Edwards, AB, and VJ Whitefield. "Ethically we can no longer sit on the fence - a neuropsychological perspective on the cerebrally hazardous contact sports." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 19, no. 2 (June 15, 2007): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2007/v19i2a263.
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Background and objective. The number of male and female contact sport participants is increasing worldwide. The aim of the review is to discuss the potential for deleterious sequelae of sports concussion (mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI)), and management thereof. Discussion. Incidence of concussion in the field contact sports is high, not only for boxing, but also for soccer, football and especially rugby. An overview of studies investigating persistent deleterious cognitive and symptomatic outcome following cumulative sports MTBI suggests that individuals may be at risk for permanent neurological damage following participation in a contact sport. Established sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) typically involving frontal systems include cognitive decline, behavioural changes such as diminished self-regulation and aggression, and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. The presence of such consequences hidden within the context of the widely popularised contact sports, has societal implications that should be acknowledged. Compromised scholastic abilities and enhanced aggressive tendencies in association with sports MTBI are in need of further longitudinal research. Conclusion. A comprehensive preventive approach to the management of MTBI in sport is advocated that includes professionally applied neuropsychological assessment as a crucial component. Future policy considerations are the introduction of mandatory informed consent for participation in a high-risk contact sport such as rugby, particularly at youth level, and financial provision for concussion management amongst economically disadvantaged populations. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 32-38
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Shuttleworth-Edwards, AB, and VJ Whitefield. "Ethically we can no longer sit on the fence - a neuropsychological perspective on the cerebrally hazardous contact sports." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 19, no. 2 (February 5, 2009): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2007/v19i2a263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background and objective. The number of male and female contact sport participants is increasing worldwide. The aim of the review is to discuss the potential for deleterious sequelae of sports concussion (mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI)), and management thereof. Discussion. Incidence of concussion in the field contact sports is high, not only for boxing, but also for soccer, football and especially rugby. An overview of studies investigating persistent deleterious cognitive and symptomatic outcome following cumulative sports MTBI suggests that individuals may be at risk for permanent neurological damage following participation in a contact sport. Established sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) typically involving frontal systems include cognitive decline, behavioural changes such as diminished self-regulation and aggression, and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. The presence of such consequences hidden within the context of the widely popularised contact sports, has societal implications that should be acknowledged. Compromised scholastic abilities and enhanced aggressive tendencies in association with sports MTBI are in need of further longitudinal research. Conclusion. A comprehensive preventive approach to the management of MTBI in sport is advocated that includes professionally applied neuropsychological assessment as a crucial component. Future policy considerations are the introduction of mandatory informed consent for participation in a high-risk contact sport such as rugby, particularly at youth level, and financial provision for concussion management amongst economically disadvantaged populations. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 32-38
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Pavlyuk, T. "GERMAN OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETITIVE BALLROOM DANCING." Innovative Solution in Modern Science 2, no. 38 (March 30, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.2(38)2020.15.
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The evolution of the German Open Ballroom Dance Championships (The German Open Competitions) 1987-2020 was investigated. The dynamics of the program of the championship competition through the prism of the genesis of dance sport was examined and the stages of the formation of the sports and dance movement in Germany at the beginning of XIX were revealed. Based on the analysis of the transformation processes of the largest sports ballroom championship in the world, the main trends in the development of dance programs have been identified. The analytical, comparative-typological, systemic, typological-structural method, as well as the method of art and compositional analysis have been applied.Keywords: competitive ballroom dancing, dance sport, The German Open Competitions, competition program, development trends.
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Šolaja, Miloš. "SPORT IN A NEO-LIBERAL POST-SOCILAIST INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT." Anthropological aspects of sports, physical education and recreation 4, no. 1 (November 1, 2013): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5550/sp.4.2012.08.
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Grexa, Ján. "Společensko-politické determinanty českého vysokoškolského športu." Studia sportiva 6, no. 1 (July 9, 2012): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2012-1-13.
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Historically, a University sports movement is the oldest form of the modern sports movement, which was developed on the base of the student professional organization. Th e aim of this paper is to briefl y analyze the the context of socio-political and specifi c conditions in relation with ’student state‘ feature in Czech university sport in terms of Austro-Hungary monarchy, democratic and socialist Czechoslovak Republic. Th ere is a specifi c feature of the Czech university sport which is a symbiosis of sport-science research activities in physical education, acceptance of modern physical education system and nontraditional sports.
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Spaaij, Ramón, and Hebe Schaillée. "Community-Driven Sports Events as a Vehicle for Cultural Sustainability within the Context of Forced Migration: Lessons from the Amsterdam Futsal Tournament." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031020.
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Participation in sport can act as a means or context for enhancing the social inclusion of migrants and refugees. Research has examined if and how mainstream sport organizations’ practices of engaging newly arrived migrants and refugees are effective in supporting participation in sustainable and culturally appropriate ways. Little is known, however, about the impact of community-driven sports events on sustainable participation by migrants and refugees. This paper examines this question with an analytical focus on community sustainability and the role of culture in sport event sustainability practices. The authors draw on ethnographic fieldwork with the Amsterdam Futsal Tournament (AFT), a sports event organized by Somali diaspora community members, to consider how event organizers and participants seek to promote cultural sustainability in a diaspora sport context. The fieldwork comprised 49 semi-structured interviews, participant observation before, during and after the event, and digital ethnography of event-related social media. The findings show the importance of cultural sustainability as a driver of community-driven sport sustainability practices, but also indicate how this driver is closely linked to addressing organizational and individual sustainability. The analysis demonstrates how the AFT can serve as a catalyst for the expansion of sport and community events among Somali diaspora communities.
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Peter, Vijay Francis. "Relationship among Culture, Education and Sports." International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences 2, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v2i11.81.
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The purpose of this article is to place sport in a social, cultural and educational context. This implies definitions of culture, education and sport, and the academic association of each to the others. However, it is seen that culture, education and sport have commonly-held meanings which, in some cases, eradicate the need for further clarification. So, apart from defining these important concepts, this article will also deal with the pervading nature of sports in society, sport as a system of sub-cultures and the degree to which sport has become an important symbol for individuals and societies worldwide. Sports has a variety of functions for different segments of society and therefore different meanings to those different populations. Everyone knows what a culture is. Everyone knows what education is. And everyone knows what sports is. But everyone has slightly different definitions of culture, education and sports.
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Zelenka, Tomáš, and Martin Kudláček. "Paralympijský sport jako společenský fenomén." Studia sportiva 10, no. 2 (December 12, 2016): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2016-2-3.
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Sport for persons is promptly and naturally evolving as social phenomenon. This fact is documented worldwide variety of evidence. It is not only about the status and popularity of the Paralympic Games, it is not only dynamically growing number of disabled athletes and the growing range of adaptive sports, sports programs and various levels of competitions, but side by side with it the development of relevant national and international organizations and institutions, and even in some cases linking or merging sports platforms of ablebodied and handicapped athletes. Sport in the context of disabled athletes become parallely extroverted device demonstrations of their athletic abilities and also introverted medium having a positive influence on the biological, psychological and sociological human nature. On the other hand disabled people sport activity involvement is unfortunately very low.
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Millet, A., A. Abi Akle, and J. Legardeur. "INFLUENCE OF THE PRODUCT CONTEXT OF USE ON A HYBRID SPORT-HEALTH SEMANTICS." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 2059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.67.
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AbstractProducts appearances are made of design choices influencing the way products are perceived. Products semantics is a methods used to understand and anticipate this phenomena. Nowadays, consumers consider sport products not only as “sport” but also as “health” products. Designers may then develop them as “sport-health” products. However, perception of “sport-health” products may vary according to the need to fit sport or health context of use. We present in this paper our experimental approach to understand the influence of sport and health contexts on “sport-health” semantics.
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Zowisło, Maria. "On Virtue in the Context of Sport." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 47, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-009-0035-8.
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On Virtue in the Context of SportSport with its long and rich history is and always has been a complex phenomenon of culture, this marvellous world of objectified human spirit, the environment of man's consciousness and its deep dreams and ideals. So, key elements of sport are not limited to the games themselves, but encompass also a strong ethos consisting of a system of values and models of comportment, personal development and human perfection, frequently expressed in philosophical terms. In ancient Greece, philosophical reflection on sport was directly related to anthropology and focused on the human's whole physical, psychical and spiritual prowess and its improvement. Similar cohesion of the sport idea, philosophy and anthropology is also present in de Coubertin's heritage with its special emphasis on pedagogy. Sport carries a huge educational potential as a tool for shaping man on the somatic, mental, emotional, moral and social levels. But contemporary sport itself is infected by pathologies (actually, first signals of them were present in antiquity), which leads to violating the rule of fair play, to doping, commercialisation of sporting achievements and treating them in an instrumental manner, to the reification of sportsmen and treating the records as an ultimate fetish. In view of such phenomena, the most appropriate and effective reaction seems to take up a reference to classical ideals of the sport ethos and their incessant reinforcement in the process of nowadays education and human self-understanding. In ancient Greece, the philosophy of sport was a complementary element of the whole phenomenon, serving as its idealistic final touch, while today it is increasingly used as a preliminary condition for the practice of sport and is indispensable for a continuation and harmonious development of its tradition. Therefore, the anamnesis of cultural sources of sport is not only of historic character but also, and primarily, has a therapeutic dimension. So, it seems worthwhile and justified to return, restore and reclaim some ancient philosophical ideals that once constituted the base of Greek sport in its great connection with anthropology, a general view of human potential in physical movement. The presented text examines the concept of virtue in ancient sport and philosophy and compares it with contemporary, especially postmodern philosophical (with references to Zygmunt Bauman and Wolfgang Welsch) understanding of human prowess, well-being and beauty.
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DiSanti, Justin S., Eric G. Post, David R. Bell, Daniel A. Schaefer, M. Alison Brooks, Timothy A. McGuine, and Karl Erickson. "Exploring Coaches' Perceptions of Youth Sport Specialization: A Comparison of High School and Club Sport Contexts." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-409-18.
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Context Previous researchers have identified sport specialization as being associated with various negative outcomes (eg, overuse injuries and adverse psychosocial outcomes). However, little is known regarding how the underlying attitudes, beliefs, and values of sport stakeholders may be shaping this trend. Objective To examine the perceptions of coaches in the high school versus club sport setting and compare their attitudes and behaviors toward sport specialization. Design Cross-sectional survey. Patients or Other Participants A total of 769 coaches (497 high school coaches, 272 club sport coaches). Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed a novel measure that surveyed their perceptions regarding various aspects of youth sport specialization. Additionally, each coach completed a questionnaire detailing his or her relevant demographic and sport background information. Results High school coaches and club sport coaches differed in their perceptions of sport specialization (t767 = 1.41, P < .001); club coaches (2.43 ± 0.25) were more likely than high school coaches (2.31 ± 0.21) to rate specialization as a positive, adaptive practice. The multiple linear regression equations for both the high school and club coaches indicated that no educational, experiential, or demographic factors predicted coaches' perceptions of specialization (P values > .05). Conclusions Club sport coaches were more likely to possess attitudes in favor of sport specialization. Additionally, coaches' background characteristics did not predict their perceptions of specialization, suggesting that the competitive context itself (high school versus club) may be the most salient influencer of these perceptions. Athletes and sports medicine practitioners should be aware of the heightened expectation of specialized participation and resulting increased injury risk in these contexts. Pediatric sport researchers and practitioners should continue to explore how these different group perceptions manifest in participation behaviors and may link to overall athlete health, wellbeing, and development.
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Eliasson, Inger. "The gap between formalised children’s rights and children’s real lives in sport." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 52, no. 4 (October 6, 2015): 470–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690215608516.
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The purpose of this paper is to use the theoretical standpoint of sociology of childhood to enhance understanding about how children’s rights, as outlined by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, are experienced by child athletes and adult coaches in the context of sport clubs in Sweden. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with children and coaches in floorball and equestrian sports during the years 2011 and 2012. The results showed that neither child athletes nor adult coaches were aware that the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child has been incorporated into Swedish sport policy; they also lack knowledge of the convention’s content. After interviews about selected rights were conducted, it was evident that children and adults both considered the themes of those rights to be of utmost importance. However, they did not find the convention meaningful as a policy document, and no systematic, deliberate or preventive work with regard to the rights of the child was experienced in the sport clubs. This paper discusses some challenges in the children’s sport context, including children’s rights, the social ordering of children and adults and the goal of making children’s sport a safe activity for children.
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Ramon, Xavier, and Richard Haynes. "Sports Coverage on BBC ALBA: Content, Value, and Position in the Scottish Broadcasting Landscape." Communication & Sport 7, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479518760485.
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Through a mixed-method approach, we examine the sports programming offered by BBC ALBA between 2008 and 2016 and identify the value that the channel creates in Scotland through its diverse sports portfolio. In an increasingly cluttered and complex scenario where pay-TV giants Sky and BT hold a plethora of top-tier rights and BBC Scotland and STV cannot fit more sport into their schedules, BBC ALBA serves Gaelic-speaking and national audiences with a regular diet of quality sports programming. Beyond being instrumental to filling schedules, sports content has been a gateway for Gaelic, a key driver of BBC ALBA’s investment in the creative sector and a contributor to the development of grassroots sport in Scotland. However, the financial situation under which the channel operates makes it very difficult to sustain and improve its current position. This case study demonstrates that sport broadcasting offers genuine opportunities to maintain linguistic and cultural diversity in small nations, even in a context characterized by escalating competition, dwindling resources, and the proliferation of multiple viewing portals.
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Földesi, Gyöngyi. "Social Exclusion/Inclusion in the Context of Hungarian Sport." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 50, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-010-0023-z.
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Social Exclusion/Inclusion in the Context of Hungarian SportSimilar to international trends, this investigation of social exclusion/inclusion from sport was preceded by studying the impact of poverty on sport participation in Hungary. Research was made on inequality of chances and on the disadvantaged position of the lower classes in sport, even in state socialism. Following the transformation of the political regime in 1989-1990, there was a growing interest in exploring unequal social opportunities in sport, not only by marginal social groups, but also by the increasing number of lower middle class people dropping behind. However, Hungarian sport has never been studied in the context of social exclusion/inclusion. Theobjectiveof this paper is to approach sport in Hungary from these perspectives. Attempts are made to answer the following questions: in which fields of Hungarian sport can social exclusion be observed? How is social exclusion from sport linked to age, gender, dwelling place, socio-economic status and to the lack of cultural and social capital? How is the concept of social exclusion/inclusion understood by the actors in Hungarian sport? How can sport be used as a means to promote social inclusion for people marginalized by economic, social and cultural barriers? In order to answer the above questions, the followingmethodswere used: analyses of recent research findings on Hungarians' sport participation with a focus on deprivation; in-depth interviews with key persons (N= 15) in Hungarian sport with the aim to discover how the concept of social exclusion/inclusion is understood by them; and analyses of documents to explore which measures have been taken by sport policy to tackle social exclusion. Theresultsshow that exclusion from sport is widespread in Hungarian society. It is linked in a combined way to poverty, education, ethnicity, age, and settlements. It is established in early childhood and lasts the whole life cycle. Key excluded groups are in hopeless situations due to economic, social and cultural aspects, so they cannot overcome this problem alone. They receive assistance in several other areas, but they are left to their own resources in sport-related issues. Legally they should have access to sport, but they cannot claim their rights. The concept of combating social exclusion is generally not incorporated into the objectives and values of sport clubs and federations; it has not yet been an integral part of sport culture in Hungary. Government documents contain declarations in connection to tackling social exclusion, but very few actions are implemented to promote social inclusion. A majorconclusionof the paper is that a serious modification of sport policy does not mainly depend on the lack of financial recourses but on the lack of a strong determination of the Government. The involvement of the Hungarian population in sporting activity and the intention for their inclusion are much lower than it could be under the present economic circumstances.
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Budevici-Puiu, Liliana, Victor Manolachi, and Veaceslav Manolachi. "Specific Elements of Good Governance in Sport, as Important Factors in Ensuring the Management." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 12, no. 4 (2020): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/12.4/348.
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Good governance in sport is an essential condition for the Olympic and sports movement in order to sustain its autonomy. Several sports organizations have established special regulations and codes of conduct, which aim to improve the self-government of sports activities. Self-regulation and good practice are essential for maintaining and developing good sports governance. However, recent surveys seem to indicate that the principles of good governance in sport introduced by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have not yet been adequately taken into account if we refer to the standards of accountability, transparency and democracy that need to be promoted with priority. At the same time, the sports movement and the governing bodies of international sport face new challenges caused by the evolution of sport, in particular the significant growth of the commercial sector and the growing financial stake, which can create fertile ground for corrupt practices. In this context, the knowledge and correct application of the principles of good governance in sport are important factors in ensuring the efficient management of sports entities.
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de Bruin, A. P. (Karin), and Raôul R. D. Oudejans. "Athletes’ Body Talk: The Role of Contextual Body Image in Eating Disorders as Seen Through the Eyes of Elite Women Athletes." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 675–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0047.
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The aim of the study was to investigate if and how body image, taken from a contextual perspective, contributes to the eating disorder history. This qualitative study investigated the process of eating disorder development in eight elite women athletes in at-risk sports. The results showed that the relationship between eating disorder symptomatology and the sports environment was clearly recognized by the elite women athletes. Contextual body image, more specifically negative body-evaluations and upward body comparisons, appeared as an important factor in the development of eating disorders, particularly in the athletic context. It became clear that the two aesthetic and two endurance athletes as well as the two weight-class athletes in rowing described quite negative body evaluations in the context of sport, while some of them also recognized an impact of body image experiences in daily life. However, for both judokas, their eating disorder had nothing to do with their body image but was attributed to the weight-classes in their sport and accompanying weight making. Several unique trajectories and individual eating disorder histories were distinguished which confirms the value of taking a qualitative approach in investigating eating disorders in sport. We also discovered links between what the athletes had reported as contributors to their eating disorder history and how they told their stories by combining content analysis and narrative inquiry. Furthermore, the present study also highlights several critical aspects for prevention and treatment that should support sport federations and clinical sport psychologists in taking appropriate actions to deal more effectively with eating disorders in athletes.
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Howell, David R., Michael W. Kirkwood, Scott Laker, and Julie C. Wilson. "Collision and Contact Sport Participation and Quality of Life Among Adolescent Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0536.19.
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Context Researchers investigating collision and contact sport participation during high school have found mixed results. Understanding the association between current contact and collision sport participation and quality-of-life outcomes can enhance our knowledge about the risks and benefits of sport participation. Objective To examine quality-of-life outcomes among high school athletes who reported participation in collision and contact sports in the year preceding assessment compared with no- or limited-contact sport athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Preparticipation physical examination. Patients or Other Participants High school athletes 13 to 18 years of age. Main Outcome Measure(s) We obtained sport participation and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric-25 outcomes, which assess self-reported, quality-of-life domains in the preceding 7 days (ie, state assessment). Our grouping variable was collision and contact versus no- or limited-contact sport participation during the year preceding assessment. We used multivariable linear regression models to identify the associations between PROMIS scores and collision and contact sport participation and adjusted for sex; age; history of bone, muscle, ligament, or tendon injury; history of acute fracture or dislocation; and history of concussion. Results A total of 143 (51%) athletes reported collision and contact sport participation (24% female, mean age = 15.1 ± 1.7 years) and 138 (49%) reported no- or limited-contact sport participation (66% female, mean age = 15.4 ± 1.2 years). A higher proportion of collision and contact sport athletes reported a history of time loss for bone, muscle, ligament, and tendon injuries (51% versus 29%, P < .001) and for acute fracture or dislocation (46% versus 26%, P < .001) than did no- or limited-contact athletes. After adjusting for covariates, we found that collision and contact sport participation was significantly associated with lower state anxiety (β = −1.072, 95% confidence interval = −1.834, −0.310, P = .006) and depressive (β = −0.807, 95% confidence interval = −1.484, −0.130, P = .020) symptom scores. Conclusions Collision and contact sport athletes reported fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms in the week preceding evaluation than did no- or limited-contact sport athletes, but they had more extensive orthopaedic injury histories. Potential benefits and risks are associated with collision and contact sport participation. These data reinforce the need to examine the assumption that youth collision and contact sports are associated with negative quality of life.
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Finch, C. F., and A. Donaldson. "A sports setting matrix for understanding the implementation context for community sport." British Journal of Sports Medicine 44, no. 13 (February 6, 2009): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.056069.
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Kihl, Lisa. "Individual-level explanations of corruption within an intercollegiate context." Journal of Intercollegiate Sport 12, no. 1 (July 9, 2019): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jis.v12i1.11560.
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Understanding why individuals engage in sport corruption is an emerging topic of research. Micro-level accounts of corruption have generally used a single disciplinary approach toward understanding why actors commit corruption (e.g., doping and match-fixing) in specific sports. The purpose of this study was to first examine individual-level explanations of corruption in the context of intercollegiate athletics; and, second, to generate an interdisciplinary framework. A multi-case analysis was conducted of 20 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) major infractions (corruption) reports that occurred between 2005 and 2015. The findings showed that actors’ explanations were based on psychological factors—motivations (social relationship and self-interest) and personal norms, professional factors (abuse of power and failure of responsibilities), and justification factors (rationalizing strategies). This research builds on existing scholarship by generating an interdisciplinary framework of micro-level accounts of sport corruption in intercollegiate athletics.
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Yousaf, Anish, Makhmoor Bashir, and Insha Amin. "Youth motivations to watch sports in Indian context: exploring cross-nationality and cross-gender differences." Management & Marketing 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmcks-2015-0022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe current study revolves around research in sport consumption motivations exploring Nationality and Gender difference across fan motivations to watch sports in a way similar to Kwon and Trail (2001) in Indian context, a subject neglected until now. Data was collected from 260 respondents from India’s largest Private University. Findings reveal Group Affiliation as the most important motivation followed by Eustress (entertainment), Aesthetics, and Self-Esteem. Betting on sports was found as the least preferred motivation. Findings revealed Nationality having a significant impact on Group Affiliation and Aesthetics while Gender has a significant impact on Group Affiliation, Eustress as well as on level of identification with sport. These findings have implications for sports marketers of different sporting events involved in marketing of sports related activities to enhance their marketing practices. The results of the current study are of interest for physical education departments of large private Universities which can use them to promote their sports events at a large scale. The last section of the study discusses the results in detail followed by directions for future research.
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Fujak, Hunter, Stephen Frawley, Heath McDonald, and Stephen Bush. "Are Sport Consumers Unique? Consumer Behavior Within Crowded Sport Markets." Journal of Sport Management 32, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2017-0318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sport consumers and markets have traditionally been thought to exhibit unique behaviors from traditional consumer products, particularly in respect to perceptions of loyalty. Yet, despite sport landscapes becoming increasingly crowded, there has been scant research measuring consumers’ repeat behavior in the context of the dense sports market. Through this research, we address this gap by applying Dirichlet modeling against the behaviors of 1,500 Australian sport consumers. Two questions are explored: First, do sport attendance markets exhibit purchase characteristics distinct from typical consumer markets? Second, do consumers treat sport leagues as complimentary or substitutable goods? The results provide evidence that consumer patterns within the sport attendance market are consistent to other repeat-purchase consumer markets. This finding further diminishes the long-held notion that sport requires unique methods of management. Furthermore, it was found that fans consume sport teams as complimentary products. As sport teams largely share their fans with other teams, practitioners must reorient their expectations around fan loyalty.
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Nascimento Junior, José Roberto Andrade do, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, David Lavallee, and Lenamar Fiorese Vieira. "Adaptation and validation of the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 (SMPS-2) for the Brazilian sport context." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 21, no. 2 (June 2015): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742015000200003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper was to adapt and validate the Sport-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 (SMPS-2) for the Brazilian population using a three-step approach. For content validity, four participants translated the SMPS-2 to Portuguese and six experts adapted the content. Construct validity sample was tested with 395 athletes from a set of individual and team sports. Temporal validity was evaluated with an independent sample of 80 athletes with two data collections. Data analysis was conducted through Content Validity Coefficient (CVC), Cronbach's alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) and Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory (CFA) analyses. Results showed that the Portuguese version contained clear and relevant questions (CVC > .80) and good internal consistency (α > .70/CR > .70); EFA model revealed a four factor solution with 24 items as more satisfying while CFA confirmed the SMPS-2 model with 24 items was adequate. Multi-group analysis showed partial gender invariance. Temporal stability was achieved in all 24 items of the scale (ICC > .75). We concluded that the SMPS-2 is a valid measure for the assessment of perfectionism of the Brazilian sport context.
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Taks, Marijke, B. Chris Green, Laura Misener, and Laurence Chalip. "Sport participation from sport events: why it doesn’t happen?" Marketing Intelligence & Planning 36, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-05-2017-0091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present and use an event leveraging framework (ELF) to examine processes and challenges when seeking to leverage a sport event to build sport participation. Design/methodology/approach The study used an action research approach for which the researchers served as consultants and facilitators for local sports in the context of the International Children’s Games. Initially three sports were selected, and two sports were guided through the full leveraging process. Prior to the event, actions were planned and refined, while researchers kept field notes. Challenges and barriers to implementation were examined through observation immediately prior to and during the event, and through a workshop with stakeholders six weeks after the event, and interviews a year later. Findings With the exception of a flyer posted on a few cars during the track and field competition, none of the planned action steps was implemented. Barriers included competition and distrust among local sport clubs, exigencies associated with organizing event competitions, the event organizers’ focus on promoting the city rather than its sports, and each club’s insufficient human and physical resources for the task. These barriers were not addressed by local clubs because they expected the event to inspire participation despite their lack of marketing leverage. The lack of action resulted in no discernible impact of the event on sport participation. Research limitations/implications Results demonstrate that there are multiple barriers to undertaking the necessary steps to capitalize on an event to build sport participation, even when a well-developed framework is used. Specific steps to overcome the barriers need to be implemented, particularly through partnerships and building capacity for leverage among local sport organizations. Originality/value This study presents the ELF, and identifies reasons why sport events fail to live up to their promise to build sport participation. Necessary steps are suggested to redress that failing.
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Singh, Abhinava S., and Mayur Shah. "Tata trusts: positively and sustainably contributing to the development of sport in India." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (May 22, 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2020-0333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are to sensitise with the cause of sport development in India; to familiarize with the concepts of SDGs and sport development continuum in context of the Tata Trusts work in sports (Sports Portfolio); to relate strategy concepts of resources, SWOT analysis, cooperative implications, Carroll's CSR pyramid and Porter-Kramer strategic corporate social performance and shared value framework of inside-out and outside-in linkages with the Sports Portfolio strategy at the Tata Trusts; and to link sport development concepts like sport and development, sports development continuum and capacity building with the Sports Portfolio work at the Tata Trusts. Case overview/synopsis The case explores the sport and development issues faced by Ms Neelam Babardesai, Head of Sports Portfolio, Tata Trusts in Mumbai, India. The Trusts had a long history of contributing to the development of sport in India and looked forward to aligning their work in the sport with the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs). They started Sports Portfolio in 2016–2017 intending to complement their work in education and generate positive socio-economic change at the grassroots (local community) level in India. They also had the resources to implement the programmes. However, they were faced with issues like the deficiency of physical literacy in schools resulting in the disinterest of children and parents in sport and physical activity, which also might lead to health issues, later in life, minimal cooperation between entities involved with sport and development, lack of structured sports programmes and skilled human resources and the national sports policy needing better details and implementation and follow-up plans in India. Their strategic response was based on the use of a “sports development pyramid”, capacity building, alignment with the SDGs and complementary partnerships and collaborations. What were the outcomes? Should they continue with the same strategic approach? What should be their future course of action for sport and development? How should they respond to the COVID-19 crisis? Ms Babardesai reflected upon the above questions while concluding that India needed a long-term strategy for the development of sport. Complexity Academic Level The case is intended to be taught in the class of strategic management for postgraduate or master's level participants of business administration for concepts like resources, SWOT analysis, cooperative implications, corporate social responsibility (CSR), shared value and introducing the concept of the UN SDGs (SDGs), capacity building and sports development continuum (sports development domain) in context of the Indian sports scenario. The case should be equally useful in teaching relevant courses related to sports management and development. It may also be used for courses related to development studies and sustainability at the master’s level. The case may also be used by practitioners and researchers associated with sport and development/sports development and SDGs. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy