Статті в журналах з теми "Spontaneous housing"
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1
Betancur, John J. "Spontaneous Settlement Housing in Latin America." Environment and Behavior 19, no. 3 (May 1987): 286–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916587193003.
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2
Gfellner, Barbara M. "Age Salience in Older Adults' Spontaneous Self-Concept." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 3 (December 1986): 1196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.3.1196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Distinctiveness theory predictions were examined by the salience of age in older adults' spontaneous self-concept with variation in age composition of residential setting. The hypothesis that elderly respondents in ordinary housing would mention age more often than those in senior housing apartments or nursing homes was not supported. The findings suggest that developmental contingencies exert a differential influence on trait salience in self-concept less during later adulthood than in earlier years.
3
Salingaros, Nikos Angelos. "Spontaneous Cities: Lessons to Improve Planning for Housing." Land 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The world can learn two key lessons from spontaneous settlements: (i) design so as to adapt to human biology; and (ii) design to save energy. Timeless processes of urban growth and sustainability have forced societies to conserve energy. Yet, nowadays, a profession focused on design ideology and short-term profit discredits many economical and effective long-term design methods. Decision-makers, politicians, and urbanists talk of energy conservation while continuing to use failed notions of industrial urbanity in place of documented solutions that work. Most damaging is the myopic academic elite’s fixation on an unsustainable industrial-modernist visual vocabulary of minimalist forms. By promoting typologies based on images dating from the 1920s, instead of using scientific analysis, the industry serves extractive global imperialism rather than satisfying the world’s population needs. We should instead learn from how self-builders adapt form, geometry, materials, surfaces, and ornament to maximize the user’s emotional experience in an otherwise extremely challenging environment.
4
Xu, Dong, Ya Jun Wu, and Xue Ying Wang. "The Research on the Spatial Form of Rural Housing in Jinzhou." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1884.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In most regions of China, rural housing is in a state of spontaneous evolution under no architects’ guidance, to explore the development regularity and spontaneous problems is the foundation heading to the good orientation. Take local rural dwellers in Jinzhou for example, with scientific methods of the field surveying and mapping, residents interview, questionnaire survey and so many kinds of scientific methods etc., the authors summarize the types of rural housing in Jinzhou and their evolution first and then the authors analyze the laws of the evolution and influencing factors to local dwellers. The paper aims to provide some theoretical bases for guiding the construction and reconstruction of rural housing, at present and in the future.
5
Hlukhovtseva, Kateryna. "Spontaneous dialect texts about residential and commercial buildings." Linguistics, no. 1 (43) (2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2021-1-43-4-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes the features of uncluttered spontaneous dialect texts about the construction of housing, outbuildings, interiors, recorded at different times in the Ukrainian East Slobozhan dialects. The author focuses on identifying features of their cognitive and lexical-semantic structure. It is proved that dialect text (DT) is a semantic phenomenon. That is why, depending on the content of the report, you can select several parts. Consequently, it is analyzed in terms of semantics and structure. This allows you to combine dialect texts depending on the topic in them. It is noteworthy that in the texts of one topic can be identified micro-themes that unfold more broadly or more narrowly. Memorable texts are generally characterized by ease of communication, generalization of information associated with the use of imperfective verbs of the past tense plural or singular, which convey long repetitive actions, processes or states, dissected or undissected, occurring in a certain period of time before speech. Usuality, generalization are also conveyed by present tense verbs of the third person plural with indefinite-personal meaning. Spontaneously modeled texts update the nominative chain of vocabulary associated with common names of housing, farm buildings, their parts, etc. The meaning of tokens is usually specified in relation to the features of the denotation, time slice, syntagmatics, formal structure. These units make up the lexical-semantic matrix of the text, which is closely connected with the culture and way of life of the inhabitants of the region. DT accumulates and transmits information about the patterns of spontaneous (without external interference) text and demonstrates the trends of its development. In general, the structure of the text, trends in its creation and selection of structural elements often show patterns of systemic organization of speech, consisting in a verbal presentation of collective and individual experience of housing, farm buildings, established forms of mutual assistance, production of building materials, management principles.
6
Resuloglu, Cilga. "A Different Experience in the Build-Sell Process: Casae Study Ankara." Open House International 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2018-b0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the post-World War II period, Turkey's housing supply models were limited to individual housings. Three main trends in the construction industry helped overcome this limitation to a certain extent. These were cooperative societies, spontaneous squatter housing and the build-sell process. Build-sell process later became the most obvious reflection of urban transformation in the 1950s and 1960s. Within this context, this study examines the housing policy of the period and the build-sell process as well as the Rer-1 Apartment Block designed in line with the build-sell process. The Rer-1 Apartment Block was designed and implemented by architect Nejat Ersin between the years 1962-1964, and was constructed in Aşağı Ayrancı District in Ankara. This specific apartment block was examined as an extraordinary example of the build-sell process - which rejects architectural concerns and prioritises profits - as it still incorporated such concerns despite being designed adhering to logic of the build-sell process. For the purpose of this study, an oral history study was conducted with Nejat Ersin. It was, therefore, possible to evaluate Nejat Ersin's apartment block, presenting a new experience in the build-sell context, within the scope of era's social, cultural, political and economic conjecture. The Rer-1 Apartment Block was scrutinized from the build-sell process aspect within the scope of the architect's professional approach.
7
García, Ivis. "Human Ecology and Its Influence in Urban Theory and Housing Policy in the United States." Urban Science 3, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human ecology, a stream of planning, was developed by Park, Burgess, and Hoyt. This theoretical model emphasized mobility and assimilation as natural paths to housing. This essay offers an analysis of its influence on urban theory and policymaking in the United States. Using planning-specific analyses, the author interrogates the relationships between structural and ecological interpretations of urban change within early planning theory. A particular focus is given to housing policies and models such as tipping point, segregation, and gentrification. These human ecological interpretations inspired and shaped urban renewal and redlining practices, along with public and affordable housing in the United States. The essay concludes with a criticism of the ecological ideas of spontaneous order and the claims of naturally balancing economic systems and conceptions of personal responsibility and choice.
8
Petersen, J. S., P. Henckel, N. Oksbjerg, and M. T. Sørensen. "Adaptations in muscle fibre characteristics induced by physical activity in pigs." Animal Science 66, no. 3 (June 1998): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe influence of regular exercise training and physical activity on distribution of muscle fibre types, fibre cross-sectional areas and the number of adjacent capillaries per fibre type and per fibre (capillarization) was studied in five muscles from 48 female and 48 entire male pigs. In the growth interval from 30 to 100 kg, the pigs were subjected to one of three treatments: individual housing in pens of 2·5 m2 (treatment C), individual housing and treadmill training for 15 minlday at a speed of 4 kmlh, 5 days/week for a period of 70 days (treatment T), and housing in large pens (36 m2, 40 pigs per pen) allowing for spontaneous physical activity (treatment F). In m. longissimus dorsi, treatment F increased the ratio of fast-twitch oxidative (FTa-) to fast twitch glycolytic (FTb-) fibres, elevated the mean fibre cross-sectional area and the number of capillaries per fibre. In m. biceps femoris (BF) from female pigs, the only adaptation found was a marked training-induced (treatment T) increase in the cross-sectional area of the slow-twitch (ST-) fibres. In m. semitendinosus and BF from male pigs, treatments T and F increased the ratio of FTa- to FTb-fibres. Both training and spontaneous activity increased the proportion of ST-fibres in m. trapezius thoracis (0·48 in treatment C, 0·53 in T and 0·52 in F). Conversely in m. psoas major, treatment F increased the proportion of FTa-fibres (0·15 in C and 0·19 in F) at the expense of ST- and intermediate FTc-fibres. Spontaneous activity induced ST-fibre hypertrophy in the five muscles. For several muscles, the mean fibre cross-sectional area was significantly higher in female than in male pigs.
9
Bondarenko, Irina, Andrey Lazorenko, and Oksana Shkromada. "Influence of cord blood serum and actovegin on the reproductive function of cows in the comparative aspect." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 3 (May 25, 2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001834.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results of the study of the effect of cord blood serum and “Actovegin” (Takeda, Ukraine) on the reproductive function of cows in a comparative aspect are presented.
The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of cord blood serum and Actovegin on the reproductive function of uterine cows in a comparative aspect.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2017-2020 in four dairy farms of Sumy region with tethered and untied maintenance. In 128 cows of different breeds and productivity, the timing of sexual cycling was studied and analyzed in comparison with the spontaneous sexual cycle with the use of cord blood serum and the drug "Actovegin" (Takeda, Ukraine).
Results. It was found that in cows with tethered content, the number of days from the introduction of 15 ml of cord blood serum to the manifestation of the excitation stage was significantly less compared to the spontaneous manifestation of sexual desire (5.63±0.36 and 14.38±2.1, respectively).
When cows with loose content were administered 10 ml of cord blood serum in combination with the drug "Actovegin", the number of days before the manifestation of sexual cycling was lower by 18.3 % compared with the rate of spontaneous sexual desire (4.31±0.38 and 18.25±1.89, respectively).
Conclusions. As a result of using 10 ml of cord blood serum in combination with the drug "Actovegin", in cows of different productivity and under different housing conditions, the number of days before the onset of the stage of arousal is significantly reduced compared to the spontaneous manifestation of sexual desire.
Cows of different productivity and with different housing conditions come to the sexual desire significantly faster with the use of 15 ml of cord blood serum compared to the spontaneous manifestation of sexual desire.
10
Pettang, C., and T. Tamo Tatietse. "A new proposition for the curbing of spontaneous housing in urban area in Cameroon." Building and Environment 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(97)00049-8.
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11
Dietrich, H. M. "Housing, breeding and selecting chickens of the Obese strain (OS) with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis." Laboratory Animals 23, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367789780745953.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A management programme is described for a small colony of Obese strain (OS) chickens afflicted with spontaneous hereditary thyroiditis. Animals of this White Leghorn line are used as an animal model for Hashimoto's thyroiditis of man to study possible mechanisms of autoimmunity in general and organ-specific autoimmune diseases in particular. Due to the severe mononuclear cell infiltration of the thyroid glands, OS chickens show symptoms of hypothyroidism, including small body size, subcutaneous and abdominal fat deposits, long silky feathers, small combs and wattles, cold sensitivity, low fertility and poor hatchability. Successful breeding of this line, especially in a small population, can therefore be done only if rigid precautions are taken in aspects of animal care. The selection of breeding stock, the principal requirements for adequate housing and food, the artificial insemination procedure, and recommendations for collecting and incubating chicken eggs are reported in detail. Precautions necessary during the incubation of fertilized eggs, and fertility and hatchability are reported. During the hatching period several specific features must be considered. The important role of staff involved in a small chicken breeding unit is emphasized.
12
Alvarado, Rodrigo García, Dirk Donath, and Luis Felipe González Böhme. "Growth Patterns in Incremental Self-Build Housing in Chile." Open House International 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2009-b0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the past three decades, a small community of eighty-four Chilean low-income families has built and improved their home incrementally, without any technical assistance, showing an impressive performance. A six square meters bathroom on a serviced plot of land with individual connection to potable water, sewerage, electricity and access roads, worked as a starting point back in 1974. However particular their rationale may seem, the individual history of their housing process reveals some general regularities in occurrence and duration of self-build activities, as well as size and allocation of the domestic spaces. A small random sample of fifteen households was selected to tell the story and explain the whys, hows, and whens of an ever-evolving housing process. Semi-structured interviews and building surveys were both combined to reconstruct the sequence of states of each housing process, with the awareness of the characteristic imprecision of oral information transfer. Alternative states were explored by constraint programming methods and spatial qualitative reasoning. Considering the hard constraints over the site morphology and services allocation, the results of the exploration stress how extraordinary lucid and intuitive the surveyed families are when making their design decisions. The article exposes a reconstructive case study on spontaneous growth patterns underlying an unassisted, incremental self-build housing dynamics.
13
Elahi, K. Taufiq, and Md Shahidul Ameen. "TRANSFORMATION PROPENSITY IN LOW INCOME HOUSING: THE CONTINUING STORY OF THE VASTUHARA IN DHAKA." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 13, no. 2 (December 25, 2012): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1322012_3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dhaka, the nation’s capital, has a diverse range of extremities in its general socio‐economic composition. For the last few decades, the imprints of such a distinctive but composite juxtaposition have become evident through the physical and cultural bearings of its housing industry. In a broader spectrum, the overall housing divide can be identified under two opposing categories – the formal and the informal sectors. With the government agencies out of the scene as the key provider in the housing stock, the formal sector is primarily dependent on numerous real‐estate organizations and private entrepreneurs. The informal sector, on the other hand, is left to survive on its own – in conditions beyond human justification, but growing steadily to meet the demands of its urban machinery and economic whirlpool. This paper reveals the tale of the Vastuhara resettlement scheme for the urban poor that stand out as a bright and optimistic example in transformative propensity where some catalectic efforts by the government and its associated donor agencies have turned out to be a spontaneous phenomenon of social and economical advancement. Various sections of this text will portray a timescape of almost 40 years or so, assessing and addressing to various architectural details, which acted as the contributing factors in its overall process of development. Keywords: Transformation, Low income housing, Urban poor, Vastuhara resettlement scheme, User‐behavior phenomena
14
Atanacković-Jeličić, Jelena, Milan Rapaić, Igor Maraš, and Dejan Ecet. "New comfort: Towards the post-pandemic living." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 13, no. 3 (2021): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj2103187a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent periods in global history have put some heavy strains on the human condition. Changes in living have subsequently led to spontaneous bottom-up adjustments of housing units. During 2020 and 2021 the definition of spatial features of these changes has been the main objective of three Master's course workshops at the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad. Results of those workshops served as a pool of solutions for the research that followed. Using obtained data, abstract diagrams of architectural functionality are transcribed. They are applied to an algorithm and computer software that implements the algorithm, which has produced a wide range of spatial solutions. Both analytical and numerical approaches to the produced solutions, with additional criteria that have been applied and tested against some well-known theoretical thoughts from recent history, provide an insight into the possible future of multifamily housing.
15
Loh, Kah Seng. "Emergencities." Asian Journal of Social Science 44, no. 6 (2016): 684–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04406004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Western planning experts, beginning with the United Nations Mission of Experts on Tropical Housing in 1950–1951, undertook major interventions in what they described as a zone of urban crisis across Southeast Asia after the Second World War. In various ‘emergencities’, allegedly threatened by expanding squatter settlements, the experts proposed robust and immediate state action to organise a comprehensive regime of planning to replace the unauthorised areas with regulated housing. Yet, despite its scientific appearance, the planning expertise constituted a political project that sought to transfer Western ideas of the “Garden City” to unruly Southeast Asian cities. The project stressed the importance of nationhood, citizenship and democracy in urban reform and was fearful of the appeal of communism in post-colonial Southeast Asia. The expert interventions usually failed but still had significant and unpredictable outcomes. By reinforcing patronage politics, they politicised housing and extended state power into urban life. The interventions also created crisis situations of their own making and catalysed social resistance, both spontaneous and organised. Southeast Asian cities became sites of a struggle between competing forms of urban modernity. In contrast to the experts framing modernity and tradition in opposition, however, squatters demonstrated their adaptive “cultures of modernity”, utilising both old and new ways in their pursuit of a modern life.
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SAADELLAOUI, Wahiba, and Ali ELLOUMI. "Periurban housing: the genesis of a new urban identity: Case of two suburbs of Sfax city in Tunisia." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.8933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The spontaneous periurban, peripheral, non-communal or anarchic spontaneous habitat in Tunisia is a recent phenomenon that began as early as independence and has continued to increase to the present day. This type of habitat is a new configuration of urban space in the sense that it expresses a set of signs and symbols that refers to a specific culture and a certain relationship that is established between social actors and their space.
In this context, the question could be asked: why is this type of habitat perceived as peripheral, illegal and marginalized? Couldn't it be the focus of a sensual daily life?
The space of these outlying neighbourhoods is the place of interaction through which each inhabitant writes his scenario through his actions, values and daily practices to forge an urban identity both individual and collective. This is what we have seen from fieldwork in two suburbs of the city of Sfax: Ben Saida and Erryadh district where poverty and marginality were experienced as a creative experience.
The interactionism and sociology of everyday life thus constitute our theoretical framework through which we will use observation and audiovisual recording as investigative techniques to take a close look at the spontaneous behaviours of social actors and to deeply analyze their daily conversations of the populations of the outlying districts of Sfax.
The interactionism and sociology of everyday life thus constitute our theoretical framework through which we will use observation and audiovisual recording as investigative techniques to take a close look at the spontaneous behaviours of social actors and to deeply analyze their daily conversations of the populations of the outlying districts of Sfax.
We are trying to go beyond the classic theories that the State/Society relationship could only be a vertical relationship, that is, a determinant/determined report loaded with violence that can only be revealed from the representations of these populations towards the State in the form of attitudes and opinions because the decisions that the State makes for the benefit of the populations push them to react by opposing for the We are thus trying to go beyond the classic theories that the State/Society relationship could only be a vertical relationship, that is, a determinant/determined report loaded with violence that can only be revealed from the representations of these populations towards the state in the form of attitudes and opinions because the decisions that the State takes for the benefit of the populations push them to react by opposing to assert, on the other hand, their attachments to the peripheral space-neighbourhood itself if it was stigmatized and excluded by state institutions. The daily experience is therefore rich in meaning and symbols and it deserves a long time to make it the raw material of our sociological analysis.
17
Bakhareva, Olga V., Liliya I. Azhimova, Alberto Celani, and Nicolai S. Bolshakov. "Institution of public welfare: investments within historic settlements and the life cycle of the urban environment." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2021): 751–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.6.751-769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The transformation of the economic space of the regions based on digitalization and the use of intelligent technologies in the housing sector gives rise to aesthetic technical problems. When implementing spontaneous investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of the old housing stock of cities, including historical and cultural monuments, as well as buildings that form historical buildings, technical and aesthetic consequences arise. The aim of the article is to study the implemented investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings on the adjacent territory of the border of the historical settlement of regional significance in the city of Kazan.
Materials and methods. Full-scale inspection, photographic recording of the results of implemented investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of multi-apartment residential buildings of the housing stock on the adjacent territory of the border of the historical settlement of the city of Kazan.
Results. As a result, a classification was drawn up of the types of interventions of the operating company, which significantly change the historical facades, change the single architectural and historical appearance of the street ensemble and generate negative externalities. Taking into account the prospects for growth in demand in the market for improving the energy efficiency of buildings of old housing stock, in order to maximize public welfare, it is proposed to consider the mechanism of state intervention to protect the architectural and historical environment of the city as a patronized good on the basis of state policy to create favorable conditions for the introduction of innovations in the housing sector in the form of institute of public guardianship.
Conclusions. The institute of public guardianship will allow to preserve the artistic architectural ensembles of the city throughout the life cycle, to fight against parasitic architecture, to obtain an economic effect: to ensure low energy consumption in residential buildings of the old housing stock of cities, an increase in the value of real estate and the profitability of investment projects for the restoration, reconstruction and reconstruction of buildings in the historical part cities.
18
Palicki, Sławomir. "Housing Resources and Needs in Light of Modern Urban Transformations: the Case of Poznan." Real Estate Management and Valuation 25, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/remav-2017-0014.
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Abstract Polish cities have been at the stage of a dynamic suburban development for over a decade (which has led to the phenomenon of urban sprawl beyond any control). The population of big urban areas, together with their agglomerations is continuously increasing; however, migration tendencies towards suburban areas are strong as well. In such a situation, the question arises regarding the possibilities and the methods of suppressing the outflow of people to the neighboring communities, and once again, making the city an attractive place to live. The attempt to explain such an issue requires research into both the housing infrastructure and its inhabitants. Poznan has been severely affected by suburbanization. The diagnosis and assessment of Poznan housing resources and the preferences of its inhabitants are the starting point for taking further steps in making the housing conditions more attractive. The article shows the initial results of widespread research regarding housing in the capital city of the Wielkopolska Province (comprising over 2,500 households). A similar study for the entire agglomeration (Poznan County) is due to be completed soon. It will allow for a comparative analysis and formulating recommendations regarding the conditions and the direction of changes on the real estate market which would increase the attractiveness of central cities suffering from suburbanization. In a wider context, the publication might be seen as an analysis of one of the elements of modern urban changes, such as either market driven, or free and spontaneous processes of urban sprawl, and conscious actions taken by local governments (together with developers) regarding the integrated urban revitalization policy.
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Theelen, Mathijs J. P., Roosmarijn E. C. Luiken, Jaap A. Wagenaar, Marianne M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, John W. A. Rossen, and Aldert L. Zomer. "The Equine Faecal Microbiota of Healthy Horses and Ponies in The Netherlands: Impact of Host and Environmental Factors." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several studies have described the faecal microbiota of horses and the factors that influence its composition, but the variation in results is substantial. This study aimed to investigate the microbiota composition in healthy equids in The Netherlands under standard housing and management conditions and to evaluate the effect of age, gender, horse type, diet, pasture access, the season of sampling and location on it. Spontaneously produced faecal samples were collected from the stall floor of 79 healthy horses and ponies at two farms. The validity of this sampling technique was evaluated in a small pilot study including five ponies showing that the microbiota composition of faecal samples collected up to 6 h after spontaneous defaecation was similar to that of the samples collected rectally. After DNA extraction, Illumina Miseq 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine microbiota composition. The effect of host and environmental factors on microbiota composition were determined using several techniques (NMDS, PERMANOVA, DESeq2). Bacteroidetes was the largest phylum found in the faecal microbiota (50.1%), followed by Firmicutes (28.4%). Alpha-diversity and richness decreased significantly with increasing age. Location, age, season, horse type and pasture access had a significant effect on beta-diversity. The current study provides important baseline information on variation in faecal microbiota in healthy horses and ponies under standard housing and management conditions. These results indicate that faecal microbiota composition is affected by several horse-related and environment-related factors, and these factors should be considered in future studies of the equine faecal microbiota.
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Petersen, J. S., N. Oksbjerg, B. Jørgensen, and M. T. Sørensen. "Growth performance, carcass composition and leg weakness in pigs exposed to different levels of physical activity." Animal Science 66, no. 3 (June 1998): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009309.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn order to evaluate the effect of exercise training and spontaneous physical activity on growth performance, carcass composition, and locomotory ability 48 female and 48 entire male pigs were subjected to one of three treatments: individual housing in pens of 2-5 m2 (confined; C), individual housing and treadmill training for 15 minlday at a speed of 4 km/h, 5 days/week for a period of 70 days (trained; T) and group-housing equal to 0·9 m2 per animal (free; F). Pigs in treatment C and T did not differ with regard to daily gain, food intake, kg food per kg gain and carcass lean content. Training did, however, induce significant cardiac hypertrophy (by a proportion of 0·06). In treatment F (i.e. large pens), daily gain was 135 g lower than in treatment C. Dissection of the carcasses showed that treatment F increased the weight of m. psoas major (by 30 g) and the total carcass bone mass (by 130 g) when compared with treatment C. Proportions of carcass lean and intramuscular fat were unaffected by treatment F. Likewise, leg weakness and osteochondrosis did not differ between treatments, whereas the locomotory ability was positively affected by rearing in large pens (treatment F) but not by treadmill training (treatment T). Thus, physical activity in large pens induced various adaptations throughout the body.
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Scariot, Pedro Paulo Menezes, Fúlvia B. Manchado-Gobatto, Tomas A. Prolla, Ivan G. Masselli Dos Reis, and Claudio Alexandre Gobatto. "Housing conditions modulate spontaneous physical activity, feeding behavior, aerobic running capacity and adiposity in C57BL/6J mice." Hormones and Behavior 115 (September 2019): 104556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.004.
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Elagin, Sergey. "Development of industrial areas on the territory of Moscow and their reorganization at the turn of the 21 st century." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 16 (January 1, 2010): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.16.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article outlines the main features of the development of industrial areas (zones) on the territory of Moscow and their reorganization in the period 1990-2009. Along with the reorganization of economy “from plan to market”, the process of changes in the industrial sphere began in Moscow City. It is noted that during that period privatization of many industrial enterprises was carried out. They were undergoing restructuring and liquidation. A spontaneous process of wide-scale building of commercial housing estates and shopping centres began in Moscow City on the former territories of production facilities. Pictures No. 1–11 show the examples of industrial zones reorganization in the city.
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Farida, NEMOUCHI, and Dr BENIDIR Fatiha. "Change in Intervention Strategies on Spontaneous Permanent Housing in Algeria : From Carelessness to a Quickly Abandoned Participatory Development." International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sociology and Humanities 7, no. 6 (2022): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2456-4931.0706004.
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Ahmadi, Reyhaneh, Sheida Ghahremani, Sepideh Beshrati Kivi, Fatemeh Bayat, Nafiseh Zareh, Amirreza Rohani, Rashin Hamidi, Negin Hamidi, Kaveh Ghamisi, and Parisa Janianpour. "Investigating Social Factors of Residential Satisfaction and the Impact on Housing Price in Spontaneous Settlements in Tehran Fringe." OALib 09, no. 10 (2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1109176.
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Tripaldi, C., G. De Rosa, F. Grasso, G. M. Terzano, and F. Napolitano. "Housing system and welfare of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cows." Animal Science 78, no. 3 (June 2004): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058872.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractTwenty-eight buffalo cows were used to evaluate the effect of housing system on a range of behavioural and physiological variables. Fourteen cows were group-housed in a loose open-sided barn with a concrete floor and 10 m2 per head as space allowance (group IS). Fourteen others were group-housed in a similar barn but they could also benefit from an outdoor yard with 500 m2 per head as space allowance, free access to potholes for wallowing and spontaneous vegetation (group TS). Animals were subjected to six sessions of instantaneous scan sampling at 10-day intervals. Behavioural variables were expressed as proportions of subjects observed in each category of posture and activity. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was used to perform a skin test based on non-specific delayed type hypersensitivity, whereas 20 mg of ovalbumin were injected subcutaneously to evaluate humoral immune response. Blood samples for evaluation of cortisol concentration were collected immediately prior to exogenous porcine ACTH injection and 1, 2 and 4 h after. The metabolic status of the animals and milk production were also monitored. The proportion of idling animals was higher in group IS than in group TS (P < 0.001). More IS buffalo cows were observed eating at the manger than TS animals (P < 0.001). A higher proportion of TS animals were observed in the sun (P < 0.001). Grazing and bathing activities were recorded only for TS animals. Our findings suggest that buffalo cows kept in intensive conditions and having no access to ample yards and potholes may extend their periods of idling with negative effects on the state of welfare. Immune responses, metabolite concentrations and milk production were not affected by treatment, whereas cortisol levels were higher in IS animals (P < 0.05). The provision of a housing system similar to natural conditions was able to improve the welfare of buffalo cows as indicated by the expression of some species-specific natural behaviours. Such conditions were also associated with lower adrenal cortex response to ACTH injection, possibly as a consequence of the higher degree of initiative allowed to TS cows.
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Skoczylas, Olga. "Transformation of city space and housing estates associated with changes in lifestyle of inhabitants." Budownictwo i Architektura 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_16_151_15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents difficulties of the city and its inhabitants related to changes of lifestyle. It also provides examples of solutions for these problems. Grass roots, spontaneous solutions as well as planned ones, foreign and from the Polish „backyard” were shown. Article presents also the problem of urban sprawling and encourages to prevent or to reduce this phenomenon through a comprehensive thoughtful transformation of existing prefabricated housing estates built during 70’s and 80’s. Limited area of neighborhood spaces between 30 meters height buildings makes social activity, providing services and taking a rest difficult for the inhabitants. It is even more important due to the fact that the parking places involve significant consumption of estates’ space. These areas are an inseparable element of Polish urban landscapes and there is no perspective for a change. Underestimation of this issue and the fact that urban planners, architects and scientists tend to ignore it can begin the process of social division which is very difficult to stop. It also has a negative impact causing decline in real estate values in the cities. On the basis of the analysis, social and architectural research proposals were given.
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Chubarova, D. "PROBLEMS OF PARKING FORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE HOUSING." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 159 (November 27, 2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-108-112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to revealing the problems of parking formation in the conditions of intensive housing construction. The article outlines the problems of formation, substantiates the need to review existing approaches to the architectural and spatial organization of parking lots in residential buildings. In the process of urbanization, the problem of efficient use of space for intensive housing and the formation of parking lots in its conditions becomes more relevant than ever. In the period of post-industrial development of the urban environment in the middle of the twentieth century. in connection with total motorization there is a need to create modern, environmentally friendly parking lots, which currently our cities are practically not equipped. Particularly acute is the issue of parking space in residential areas where there is a problem of chaotic parking due to improper organization of parking areas, which leads to a narrowing of the width of the carriageway; reducing the capacity of the road network; complicating the passage of special equipment (garbage trucks, fire trucks, ambulances, etc.). Construction of new housing in larger cities is mainly high-rise intensive construction, as the most profitable option for developers, who in turn pay little attention to the organization of parking lots. At present, cars are stored in the most inappropriate places: on sidewalks, lawns and even on playgrounds. Spontaneous parking in residential areas of cities leads to a sharp decrease in sanitary and hygienic indicators of the urban environment and to a negative impact on the health of citizens. The emergence of a large number of unorganized parking lots in residential areas leads to the degradation and destruction of landscape components of the urban environment, the territory of which is "captured" by car storage spaces. Given that despite the annual increase in the number of cars, our country still lags far behind more developed countries in this regard, the existing level of motorization turns urban housing into unorganized parking lots, which indicates the unresolved issue, as in theoretical , and in practical terms. The formation of comfortable and safe living conditions in the living environment is one of the priorities of urban planning, so the architects faced the task of solving the problem of forming parking lots in the existing intensive housing and developing new architectural and planning solutions for residential complexes with parking lots to build residential buildings. cramped areas with sufficient parking spaces.
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Zebardast, Esfandiar. "The Housing Domain of Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction in the Spontaneous Settlements on the Tehran Metropolitan Fringe." Social Indicators Research 90, no. 2 (May 14, 2008): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9260-5.
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Terán-Ventura, Evangelina, Mercè Roca, Maria Teresa Martin, Maria Lourdes Abarca, Vicente Martinez, and Patri Vergara. "Characterization of Housing-Related Spontaneous Variations of Gut Microbiota and Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in Rats." Microbial Ecology 60, no. 3 (August 18, 2010): 691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-010-9737-z.
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Mariola, Ferenc. "Land use changes in suburban areas – case study of Lublin." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main reason to analyzing the space structure in the Lublin area is to determine the direction and pace of suburbanization in municipalities adjacent to Lublin, distinction factors and motives of population movements to the suburbs, complain rural-urban interaction and multifunctionality of land use. Housing development over the years was accompanied by confusion in planning documents and the law. Changes in regulations on land use in 1994 and 2003 in Poland additionally deepened the negative situation. Local authorities failed to control the spontaneous process of suburbanization, which adversely affected not only the spatial structure of municipalities, but also on local relationship, landscape, land use and the former urban systems. The result are long-term problems associated with incompatibility rural areas to support a growing number of residents, such as failure of the social and technical infrastructure.
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Westlund, Hans. "An Unplanned Green Wave: Settlement Patterns in Sweden during the 1990s." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34, no. 8 (August 2002): 1395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study focuses on the population changes in the countryside and in urban centres within the municipalities of Sweden outside the metropolitan areas, between 1990 and 1997. Overall, the countryside showed a higher population increase than the municipality centres. Smaller population centres suffered a population decline. The increase in population in the countryside was strongest in areas surrounding the metropolises and around regional centres. Statistical analysis showed that population change outside population centres mainly varies with the average income, labour-market access, and taxation values or housing costs in the municipalities. This process of change has run directly counter to the policy that was formulated for small municipalities from the end of the 1960s onwards. The growth in rural population was spontaneous for the most part, and more or less in conflict with the plans of the municipalities.
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Roy, Shilpi, Tanjil Sowgat, and Jhuma Mondal. "City Profile: Dhaka, Bangladesh." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (August 21, 2019): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319859126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite numerous complex urban challenges, Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is rapidly growing in terms of both population and extent. This profile captures that unplanned and spontaneous urbanization of Dhaka, which resulted in haphazard spatial expansion and transformation. Its unstable urban primacy is the result of high concentration of administrative activities, jobs and services in this city. Results of unsustainable growth are reflected in the socio-spatial divisions and high-density urban living. The current urban growth has created a strain on housing, urban services, health and education services and facilities, and they, in turn, are severely damaging the sustainability of the natural and built environment. The city requires policies for decentralisation of activities rather than pro-growth planning. An integrated national and local policy agenda and an active city government are crucial for tackling the multidimensional crisis of Dhaka.
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Tinelli, Antonella, Claudia Zizzadoro, Nicola Pugliese, Rosa Leone, Giuseppe Crescenzo, Monia Perugini, Michele Amorena, Giulia Caioni, and Carmine Merola. "Clinical and Histological Findings of Non-Experimentally Induced Seminomas in Adult Zebrafish." Fishes 7, no. 6 (October 30, 2022): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060314.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study investigated the macroscopical and histological features of two spontaneous seminomas developed by zebrafish adults. Two wild-type male zebrafish of AB/TU strain aged 2 and 3 years, respectively, developed gross pathological signs consisting of asymmetrical swollen abdomens. In one fish, named fish 1, the testicular alteration is referred to as one testis (the right one), while in fish 2, both testes were altered in their size and shape. No signs of invasion were reported. The histological analysis revealed an extensive differentiation of germ cells in various developmental stages without any oocyte, and both lesions were compatible with spermatocytic and intratubular seminomas. The etiology and the pathogenesis of the reported lesions could be related to an intricate and interconnected network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including the housing condition, diet, genetic background, and operator training.
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Rajput, Deepak, Amit Gupta, Siddharth Shankar Verma, Geetha Sindhuri Barabari, Ajaz A. Wani, and Navin Kumar. "Jaundice and Thrombocytopenia in an acute abdomen with concurrent Appendicitis and spontaneous Rectal perforation: An unusual presentation of human leptospirosis." Tropical Doctor 51, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475520981298.
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Leptospirosis, a bacterial infection attributed to the group leptospira, remains a globally emerging public-health issue in many endemic tropical, subtropical and temperate zones of the world. The burden is expected to inflate with population shifts related to violent storms and urban floods leading to poor housing and inadequate sanitation. Leptospirosis may mimic other illnesses such as influenza, dengue fever, typhoid and malaria due to its myriad presentation ranging from a mild, self-limiting febrile illness to hepatorenal dysfunction, myocarditis, pulmonary haemorrhage, meningitis, optic neuritis and rhabdomyolysis. The classical gastrointestinal manifestation of leptospirosis without hepatorenal dysfunction (Weil’s disease) is a rare entity. We report a rare presentation of concurrent appendicitis and rectal perforation in a patient, whose jaundice and thrombocytopenia led to a suspicion of leptospirosis, confirmed by serology and fulfilment of parameters under the modified Faine’s criteria. The patient was managed successfully and discharged in a stable condition.
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Franks, Becca, Courtney Graham, and Marina von Keyserlingk. "Is Heightened-Shoaling a Good Candidate for Positive Emotional Behavior in Zebrafish?" Animals 8, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8090152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zebrafish, a highly-social species of freshwater fish, are widely studied across many fields of laboratory science including developmental biology, neuroscience, and genomics. Nevertheless, as standard housing for zebrafish typically consists of small and simplistic environments, less is known about their social behavioral repertoire in more naturalistic settings. In particular, spontaneously occurring, socio-positive affiliative behaviors (e.g., social coordination and cohesion) that may be indicative of positive emotional experiences have rarely been reported or studied deliberately in zebrafish. Housing adult zebrafish (10 fish/tank) in large semi-natural tanks (110 L; n = 6) with sloping gravel substrate, rocks, and artificial plants, we observed a previously undescribed behavior: Distinct periods of spontaneous, synchronized, compact aggregations, what we call “heightened-shoaling”. This project aimed to quantify the characteristics of this distinctive behavior and compare parameters of heightened-shoaling to baseline periods (normal behavior) and pre-feed periods (feed-anticipatory behavior). First, across 4 days, we selected video-clips (100 s each) from within (i) instances of heightened-shoaling (n = 9), (ii) baseline periods (n = 18), and (iii) pre-feed periods (n = 18). For each of these video clips, we scan sampled every 10 s to determine fish orientations and location within the tank and agonistic behavior. Next, we used an all-occurrence sampling method to record the timing and duration of all episodes of heightened-shoaling behavior when tank-lights were on (8:00 h to 18:00 h) across 10 days. From the scan-sampling data, we found that compared to baseline periods, heightened-shoaling was characterized by increased shoal cohesion (p < 0.0001), increased adherence to the horizontal plane (p < 0.0001), decreased agonism (p < 0.0001), and no diving behavior (lower positions within the water column signal negative effect in zebrafish, p > 0.1). From the all-occurrence sampling data, we found 31 episodes of heightened-shoaling with instances observed in all six tanks and only a single case in which heightened-shoaling occurred in two tanks at the same time. The median episode duration was 7.6 min (Range 1.3–28.6). As the first systematic description of heightened-shoaling behavior, this research contributes to our knowledge of the range of zebrafish social dynamics living in naturalistic environments. Moreover, as a spontaneously occurring, protracted, affiliative behavior, heightened-shoaling appears to be a good candidate for future research into positive emotional behavior in zebrafish.
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Khazai, Bijan, Trevor Girard, Susan Brink, Johannes Anhorn, Ganesh Kumar Jimee, Bhubaneswari Parajuli, Sarad Wagle, and Omkala Khanal. "Emergent Issues and Vulnerability Factors in Temporary and Intermediate Shelters following the 2015 Nepal Earthquake." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 34, no. 3 (November 2016): 486–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701603400307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 25 April 7.8 magnitude Gorkha earthquake and subsequent aftershocks, including the 7.3 magnitude earthquake in Dolakha, severely damaged or destroyed nearly 900,000 buildings and approximately 2.3 million people continue to be displaced. We conducted 284 household surveys in 177 shelter sites spanning 27 Municipalities/VDCs and 7 districts. The aim of the survey was to analyze the shelter response situation in both urban and rural areas with a view on emerging factors influencing the decision processes of displaced households seeking shelter and temporary housing. It was found that in-place sheltering close to damaged homes was favored by many residents in both urban and rural areas as many preferred to stay close to their homes, food reserves, livelihoods and social ties. The experience from this event shows that spontaneous sheltering behavior and participatory management of these sites should be accommodated and supported in the shelter response strategy.
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Pantyukhova, K. N., O. Yu Bourgonova, Yu O. Filippov, and G. P. Ulyasheva. "Improvement of the technology of flame arrester manufacturing." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 173 (2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2020-173-29-34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When mining hard coal the underground method is prevailed. This method provides a higher quality of the mineral. Methane emissions occur in coal mines during the development of gasbearing seams. These emissions are the reason for the formation of an explosive mixture when mixed with mine air, and also contribute to the spontaneous combustion of coal. Methane alarms are used to monitor the mine atmosphere. Thermocatalytic sensor is the main element of such a gas analyzer. The sensor is placed in a breathable housing. This body is called a flame arrester. This article discusses the possibility of replacing the material used for the manufacture of a flame arrester. The basis of the existing material is nickel powder. It is proposed to replace it with a cermet bond. The composition of the ceramic material of the part is developed by the author and presented in the article. Replacement of material will lead to a significant reduction in the cost of the part and simplification of the manufacturing technology
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Kasanen, Iiris, Katja Inhilä, Eriika Savontaus, Hanna-Marja Voipio, Kai Õkva, Satu Mering, Vesa Kiviniemi, Jann Hau, Sakari Laaksonen, and Timo Nevalainen. "Diurnal rhythms of blood glucose, serum ghrelin, faecal IgA and faecal corticosterone in rats subjected to restricted feeding using the diet board." Laboratory Animals 52, no. 1 (May 25, 2017): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677217709850.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Laboratory rats are generally fed ad libitum, although this method is associated with obesity and an increased frequency of spontaneous tumours. It has been challenging looking for ways to limit feed consumption in group-housed rats without any setbacks to animal welfare and scientific results. The diet board, as a method of dietary restriction, was used in the present study. Diet board feeding allows group housing and should result in enhanced welfare compared with traditional methods of dietary restriction. With respect to animal model robustness and translatability of results it is important that the feeding regime does not affect diurnal rhythmicity of biological parameters. In the present study the effects of diet board feeding on diurnal rhythms of blood glucose, serum ghrelin, faecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and faecal corticosterone were assessed. The diet board did not alter diurnal rhythms, and adds weight to the use of this method for dietary restriction which should benefit animal health and the validity of scientific results generated from the animals.
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Адриенн, Чизмади, and Чанади Габор. "Transitions in Budapest’s Agglomeration 1990–2005." Городские исследования и практики 5, no. 4 (November 24, 2021): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/usp542020112-125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the collapse of socialism in Hungary in 1989, political and economic factors increased residential mobility between Budapest and its agglomeration area. Social disparities have become more pronounced not only among the settlements of the agglomeration, but also within them. This paper identifies the different status-dependent paths within the general process of suburbanization using official statistical data, survey and interview analysis. The empirical research was made in 1992 and was repeated in 2002.
We argue that higher status groups used the new opportunities to strengthen their status by choosing to move while the poor were forced to move to less advantageous sectors of the agglomeration. These phenomena are the consequences partly of spontaneous factors and partly of state and local government policies. The effects of market forces can be taken as spontaneous factors and they increased western type suburbanization. Several measures taken by states and local governments increased the impact of these factors, helping higher-status groups to move to favorable areas within and around the cities. The same urban and housing policy measures increased the risk of concentrating poverty in certain areas of cities and they resulted in the not-well-known outmigration of lower-status groups. These groups had to move out of the city because it became too expensive for them to live there. Poverty meant that they were unable to find places in high or middle-status suburban areas around the cities and they had to move to more distant, poorer areas of the country.
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Ulfhake, B., H. Lerat, J. Honetschlager, K. Pernold, M. Rynekrová, K. Escot, C. Recordati, et al. "A multicentre study on spontaneous in-cage activity and micro-environmental conditions of IVC housed C57BL/6J mice during consecutive cycles of bi-weekly cage-change." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 25, 2022): e0267281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mice respond to a cage change (CC) with altered activity, disrupted sleep and increased anxiety. A bi-weekly cage change is, therefore, preferred over a shorter CC interval and is currently the prevailing routine for Individually ventilated cages (IVCs). However, the build-up of ammonia (NH3) during this period is a potential threat to the animal health and the literature holds conflicting reports leaving this issue unresolved. We have therefor examined longitudinally in-cage activity, animal health and the build-up of ammonia across the cage floor with female and male C57BL/6 mice housed four per IVC changed every other week. We used a multicentre design with a standardised husbandry enabling us to tease-out features that replicated across sites from those that were site-specific. CC induce a marked increase in activity, especially during daytime (~50%) when the animals rest. A reduction in density from four to two mice did not alter this response. This burst was followed by a gradual decrease till the next cage change. Female but not male mice preferred to have the latrine in the front of the cage. Male mice allocate more of the activity to the latrine free part of the cage floor already the day after a CC. A behaviour that progressed through the CC cycle but was not impacted by the type of bedding used. Reducing housing density to two mice abolished this behaviour. Female mice used the entire cage floor the first week while during the second week activity in the latrine area decreased. Measurement of NH3 ppm across the cage floor revealed x3 higher values for the latrine area compared with the opposite area. NH3 ppm increases from 0–1 ppm to reach ≤25 ppm in the latrine free area and 50–100 ppm in the latrine area at the end of a cycle. As expected in-cage bacterial load covaried with in-cage NH3 ppm. Histopathological analysis revealed no changes to the upper airways covarying with recorded NH3 ppm or bacterial load. We conclude that housing of four (or equivalent biomass) C57BL/6J mice for 10 weeks under the described conditions does not cause any overt discomfort to the animals.
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Moreira, Ramon Missias, Eduardo Nagib Boery, Denize Cristina de Oliveira, Zenilda Nogueira Sales, Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira Boery, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira, Ícaro José Santos Ribeiro, and Fernanda Carneiro Mussi. "Social representations of adolescents on quality of life: structurally-based study." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20, no. 1 (January 2015): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014201.20342013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study sought to conduct a comparatively analysis and describe the contents of the structure of the social representations of adolescents on quality of life. It involves descriptive, quantitative research, with the benchmark of a structural approach to social representations. The informants included 316 adolescents from three public schools in Jequié in the State of Bahia. The Spontaneous Word-Choice Eliciting Technique using the key expression "Quality of Life" was used for data collection. The responses were processed using Evoc 2003 software, which generated the Four-House Chart. The results reveal the core nucleus of the terms: healthy eating; physical activity; money; and sex. In the 1st outer circle, the words absence of disease, condoms, liberty, marijuana, housing, work and living well are featured. In the 2nd outer circle, there appeared the words difficulty, family, peace and power, and the contrasting elements of well-being and soccer. The overall consensus is that adolescents associate quality of life with sports and other healthy behavior activities, and are influenced by the desires and curiosities of adolescence.
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Ali, Ayat, Nangkula Utaberta, Mastor Surat, and Maryam Qays Oleiwi. "Green Architecture and Islamic Architecture: The Islamic Arabic City and the Traditional Islamic House." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of sustainability or green architecture is not considered a new term, it is rather a concept embodied by the traditional architecture in different parts of the world since old ages via spontaneous and experimental compatibility. This compatibility is associated with the environment and with the efficient exploitation of the resources of the natural environment in accordance with the evolution of life and its means over the years. It is obvious to everyone the fact that the teachings of the Islamic religion include a lot of the principles of sustainability, which overlap with the social organization and behavior of the humanitarian community and are reflected on the production both at the level of urban planning standards for cities and urban agglomerations or the features of the traditional architecture. This paper is an attempt to define the concept of sustainability in the references of traditional Islamic architecture, in general and housing in particular, through a review of the relationship between man and the environment and its preservation within the Islamic perspective.
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Colman, Karyn. "Impact of the Genetics and Source of Preclinical Safety Animal Models on Study Design, Results, and Interpretation." Toxicologic Pathology 45, no. 1 (October 17, 2016): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623316672743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been long established that not only the species but also the strain and supplier of rodents used in preclinical safety studies can have a significant impact on the outcome of studies due to variability in their genetic background and thus spontaneous pathologic findings. In addition, local husbandry, housing, and other environmental conditions may have effects on the development and expression of comorbidities, particularly in longer-term or chronic studies. More recently, similar effects related to the source, including genetic and environmental variability, have been recognized in cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis). The increased use of cynomolgus macaques from various sources of captive-bred animals (including nonnative, U.S./European Union-based breeding facilities or colonies) can affect study design and study results and outcome. It is important to acknowledge and understand the impact of this variability on the results and interpretation of research studies. This review includes recent examples where variability of preclinical animal models (rats and monkeys) affected the postmortem observations highlighting its relevance to study design or interpretation in safety studies.
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LIEBE, ANDREA, and DIETER SCHAMS. "Growth factors in milk: interrelationships with somatic cell count." Journal of Dairy Research 65, no. 1 (February 1998): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029997002598.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growth factors are thought to play a decisive role in the course of inflammatory processes. The aim of the present study was to characterize a potential interrelationship between the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and somatic cell count (SCC) in normal milk, and to investigate the presence of these growth factors in mammary secretions of cows suffering from clinical and subclinical mastitis. Quarter secretions of cows with spontaneous acute clinical mastitis and of cows with subclinical mastitis were analysed radioimmunologically for their concentrations of IGF-1 and bFGF. During two relocation trials with normally lactating Brown Swiss cows, dramatic changes in milk somatic cell count were obtained following a short-term change (5 d) of location and housing system. The animals were relocated from their familiar loose housing system with concrete slatted floor to a separate stanchion barn with long stalls and straw bedding, and vice versa. The concentration profile of IGF-1, but not of bFGF, corresponded well with SCC during the relocation trials, the positive correlation between the characteristics being highly significant, as determined by regression analysis (r=0·60; P<0·001). The results provide evidence that significant changes in SCC and growth factor content may be caused by environmental factors other than infection. The concentrations of both IGF-1 and bFGF were greatly elevated in secretions of quarters affected by acute clinical mastitis compared with the corresponding clinically healthy quarters. Subclinically affected quarters with high SCC, as compared with non-affected quarters with low SCC, also had elevated milk IGF-1, but unchanged bFGF. Measuring of growth factor profiles in milk may have value in the near future in monitoring the state of udder health in addition to SCC.
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TSUDA, MICHIKO, TAKATOSHI UENO, and HARUO NAGAMINE. "CONDITIONS OF THE RENEWED HOUSING IN THE OLD WOODEN APARTMENT AREAS : A report on spontaneous renewal process in the wooden apartment areas : Part 1." Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 380 (1987): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijax.380.0_100.
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Schnoor, Joerg, Stefanie Bartz, Bernd Klosterhalfen, Werner Kuepper, Rolf Rossaint, and Juliane K. Unger. "A long-term porcine model for measurement of gastrointestinal motility." Laboratory Animals 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/00236770360563796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Animal models have become an essential tool in the investigations of gut motility under experimental conditions. To determine the influence of various anaesthetic drugs on the motility pattern of the gastroduodenal tract, a new long-term model has had to be developed for allowing measurements in conscious and unrestrained as well as in sedated and analgosedated pigs. Since mechanical ventilation influences gut motility, it was necessary that this animal model enabled the investigation of the effect of drugs causing sedation and analgosedation during spontaneous breathing. Seven male, castrated pigs, German landrace, 32–40 kg bodyweight (BW) were investigated in this study. After habituation of the pigs to local housing conditions over 5 days, the animals were trained over 4 days to prepare for experimental situations and investigators. Pigs were inserted with a central venous catheter and with percutaneous enterogastrostomy (PEG) under general anaesthesia. Intestinal motility was measured by intraluminal impedancometry. The catheter was introduced over the PEG into the stomach and positioned into the duodenum by duodenoscopy. Measurements were done in conscious, unrestrained pigs and with sedated, and analgosedated animals on subsequent days. The habituation and training of the pigs to the investigators and for the laboratory conditions took between 7 and 9 days. The initial anaesthesia protocol for the instrumentation using remifentanil/propofol led to pyloric spasm and was thus unsuitable for duodenal intubation with an endoscope. In contrast, a combination of ketamine/propofol enabled this procedure. It was practicable to measure gut motility in conscious, unrestrained pigs. Spontaneous breathing was sufficient under propofol sedation and analgosedation using fentanyl-propofol. Systematically local application of polividon iodine in the area of the subcutaneous catheters avoided the necessity of using systemic prophylactic antibiotics. In conclusion, the habituation and training for 9 days enabled the measurement of gut motility by intraluminal impedancometry in conscious pigs. The insertion of the catheter was done during general anaesthesia using a combination of propofol and ketamine. For the future determination of gut motility performed under general anaesthesia, each sedation and analgosedation concept has to be evaluated to see whether it allows spontaneous breathing or whether mechanical ventilation is necessary.
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Barreiros, Maria Helena. "Urban Landscapes: Houses, Streets and Squares of 18th Century Lisbon." Journal of Early Modern History 12, no. 3-4 (2008): 205–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006508x369866.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis article retraces Lisbon's urban evolution, both planned and spontaneous, from the beginning of the Age of Discovery until the first decades of the 19th century. It highlights the 1755 earthquake as a powerful agent of transformation of Lisbon, both of the city's image and architecture and of street life. The article begins by summing up urban policies and urban planning from Manuel I's reign (1495-1521) to João V's (1707-1750); it goes on to depict Lisbon's daily life during the Ancien Regime, focusing on the uses of public and private spaces by common people. The Pombaline plans for the rebuilding of Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake are reappraised, stressing the radically original morphology and functions of the new streets and housing types. The contrast between pre- and post-1755 Lisbon's public spaces is sharp, in both their design and use, and gradually streetscape became increasely regulated in accordance with emergent bourgeois social and urban values. More than a century later, the city's late 19th- and early 20th-century urban development still bore the mark of Pombaline plans, made just after 1755, for the revived Portuguese capital.
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Martínez Ochoa, Francisco, Alexandra Castellanos Tuirán, and Rino Figueroa Vargas. "La estética social como elemento configurador del paisaje arquitectónico rural espontaneo." Procesos Urbanos 2 (January 1, 2015): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21892/2422085x.90.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resumen: El presente artículo revisa el concepto de estética social como elemento que configura el paisaje arquitectónico rural espontaneo de la subregión del San Jorge, en el caso específico del municipio de Galeras. Revisión que pretende ampliar la mirada de este concepto y su relación con otras disciplinas y enfatizándose en el hecho que las formas construidas espontáneamente constituyen la conjunción de sus cosmovisiones particulares, los materiales del medio y la simplicidad de las formas bajo los parámetros de la funcionalidad cotidiana. La metodología descriptiva de tipo cualitativa y cuantitativa, evidencia como resultado los distintos tipos de usos de sus espacios y la relación con el paisaje cotidiano de sus moradores. Se presentan como conclusiones muchos de los aspectos y características que se deben tener a la hora de aproximarse a la arquitectura hecha desde las necesidades y conocimientos del usuario.
___Palabras clave: estetica social, ruralidad, vivienda popular, espontaneidad.
___Abstract: This article reviews the concept of social aesthetics as an element that sets the spontaneous rural architectural landscape of the subregión San Jorge, in the specific case of the municipality of Galeras. A review that aims to broaden the look of this concept and its relationship with other disciplines. Likewise, emphasizing the fact that these forms –spontaneously built up– constitute the conjunction of their particular worldviews, the environmental materials and the simplicity of forms under the parameters of everyday functionality. The descriptive qualitative and quantitative methodology shows –as a result– the different types of uses of their spaces and the relationship with the everyday landscape of its inhabitants. As conclusions, many of the aspects and characteristics that must be taken when approaching the architecture made from the needs and knowledge of the user are presented.
___Keywords: social aesthetics, rurality, popular housing, spontaneity.
___Recibido: 30 de septiembre de 2015. Aceptado: 28 de octubre de 2015.
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Szmytkie, Robert. "The impact of residential suburbanization on changes in the morphology of villages in the suburban area of Wrocław, Poland." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractResidential suburbanization is one of the most spontaneous processes occurring in the surroundings of large cities in Central and Eastern Europe. In the case of Wrocław, the first phase of suburbanization began as early as the second half of the 19th century. Its spatial scope changed with the expansion of the administrative borders of the city between 1924-28 and 1950-73, when dozens of suburban villages were incorporated into the city. In addition, during the socialism period, the intensity of suburbanization decreased significantly, which was related to the development of the city within the conditions of planned urbanization and industrialization of the country. The second phase of suburbanization began with the system transformation in the 1990s, and its scale and intensity increased in the 21st century. New construction in the hinterlands of the city has contributed to significant changes in the morphology of suburban villages, especially as the growing share of new buildings is multi-family housing. The aim of this article was to identify the most common trends in the morphological changes that affect villages located in the suburban area of Wrocław under the influence of residential suburbanization. Using the analysis of cartographic materials, field research and graph methods, a typology of morphological transformations of villages located in the suburban area was proposed.
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Čakarić, Jasenka, Slađana Miljanović, and Aida Idrizbegović Zgonić. "Transformation by Method of Sanation – Unregulated Residential Settlements of Sarajevo." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the second half of the 20th century, the industrialisation and deagrarization of Bosnia and Herzegovina had a strong impact on the dynamics of urban development and economic growth of the post-war Sarajevo, which intensified immigration from its relatively underdeveloped regional environment. This was accompanied by accelerated housing construction, and it encouraged the spatial expansion of the city. Planning guidelines were set by the city administration and were based on the long-term development plans. They identified the disposition of urban functions necessary for housing, work, recreation and traffic, and the policy of building multi-residential buildings was aimed general social interest. At the same time, the planning activities neglected the actual socio-economic status of immigrants who had lesser opportunities for housing through the social distribution system of apartments, began the process of self-organized unregulated settlement construction with single-family houses on the city's slopes. This began an era of two parallel but controversial actions within town space: planned and unregulated housing construction. Spontaneous possession of the city's territory with unregulated construction today is characterised by: complex property-legal relations, high degree of construction, absence of public space, pedestrian communications and service functions, low quality of the infrastructure network, and that settlements are formed on unstable terrains and on active landslides. Since the consequences of the complexity of the situation cannot be addressed through radical urban transformation, we see an alternative in the idea of partial spatial interventions – transformation by method of sanation. Starting with the thesis that construction is always deeply connected to society's understanding of the function of space and the place of man in it, we have opened up a central question, and searching for answers is the basic goal of this paper: Is it possible to solve problems accumulated by decades within Sarajevo's unregulated residential settlements through means of transformation by method of sanation? Or: Can partial spatial interventions improve the overall quality of individual and social life? For the purpose of finding answers, we conducted an analysis of the causes of the formation and genesis of these settlements, as well as a series of problems produced by the accumulation of separate spatial interventions without elementary professional guidance. The results of this analysis showed that the answer to the questions asked can be positive, by establishing a critical relationship with the potential of the space of specific settlement sites, in terms of the degree of functional usability, correlation with utilities and user interactions with the environments they inhabit. We have concluded that it is precisely the potential of individual sites, by logically applying the transformation by method of sanation, will enable dual achievement – the merging the solution within the technical and structural aspect of potential landslides with the articulation of the public on new pedestrian communications. Also, it has been shown that the application of this method enables the typification of technical solutions, functions, contents, activities, urban design, and even the public itself. And this means that the conclusions on the characteristics of individual Sarajevo unregulated residential settlements, endangered by landslides, can offer general guidelines for design concepts, within them, an overall improvement of individual and social life.