Статті в журналах: "Speed deformation"

1

Zakhmatova, T. V., V. V. Shchedrenok, and O. V. Moguchaya. "ORTHOSTATIC TORTUOSITIS TRANSFORMATION OF THE NECK’S MAIN ARTERIES." HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov20157245-51.

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Among 350 surveyed deformations of internal carotid arteries revealed in 38.6% of cases. At pathological deformation observed acceleration of flow speed indicators from 55% to 65% in part of tortuosity, average value of systolic speeds of a blood flow was 166±28.3 cm/s at the left and 174±30.2 cm/s at the right side. In vertical position in 31.6% of cases at pathological deformation observed transfor mation of tortuosity form. deformation corners became blunt, the gradient of flow speed indicators decreased or was absent, in some cases course of internal carotid arteries became rectilinear. Artificial deformations of vertebral arteries course revealed in 79.4% of people, average value of systolic speed of a blood flow was 92±15.3 cm/s at the left and 76±12.5 cm/s at the right side. In vertical position in deformations of the vertebral arteries, which carried to pathological, in 28.8% of cases a form of deformation was transformed to unpathological tortuosity. duplex sonography in vertical position in patients with tortuosity discovered new approaches in diagnostics of pathological deformations and defines indications to operative treatment.

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2

Kulkarni, Ambarish, Vispi Karkaria, Milankumar Nandgaonkar, Sandeep P. Patil, and Bernd Markert. "An All-Atom Simulation Study of Gas Detonation Forming Technique." Metals 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040611.

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The high-speed forming process is the key to attaining difficult and irregular profiles on ductile materials. In the present work, we proposed the all-atom model of the gas detonation forming process, wherein molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on the aluminum workpiece at different loading speeds similar to the various pressure values in the process. The deformation response of an aluminum workpiece for a wide range of loading speeds, 0.1–8 Å/ps, was investigated. The dome-height, failure patterns, and formability of the aluminum workpiece were examined for these loading speeds. We obtained an inverse relationship between the formability of the aluminum workpiece and the applied loading speed. Moreover, in this work, the influence of the different percentage of defects in the workpieces on the mechanical behavior was investigated. We observed that at lower speeds (< 2 Å/ps), the deformation is observed throughout the workpiece starting from the point of contact in the middle and that is contrary to the deformations observed due to the higher loading speed where localized deformations occur due to creation of slipping planes. We also found that the internal voids lead to the rearrangement of atoms to facilitate the movement of slipping planes leading to better formability compared to the no-void workpieces. This work helps to get a fundamental understanding of deformation behavior in the high-speed forming process with and without defects in the aluminum workpiece at the nanoscale.

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3

Hajiyavand, Amir, Mozafar Saadat, Alessandro Abena, Ferhat Sadak, and Xiaochen Sun. "Effect of Injection Speed on Oocyte Deformation in ICSI." Micromachines 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10040226.

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Oocyte deformation during injection is a major cause of potential cell damage which can lead to failure in the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) operation used as an infertility treatment. Injection speed plays an important role in the deformation creation. In this paper the effect of different speeds on deformation of zebrafish embryos is studied using a specially designed experimental set-up. An analytical model is developed in order to link injection force, deformation, and injection speed. A finite element (FE) model is also developed to analyse the effect of injection speed, allowing the production of additional information that is difficult to obtain experimentally, e.g., deformation and stress fields on the oocyte. The numerical model is validated against experimental results. Experimental results indicate that by increasing the injection speed, the deformation decreases. However, higher speeds cause higher levels of injection force and force fluctuation, leading to a higher vibration during injection. For this reason, an optimum injection speed range is determined. Finally, the FE model was validated against experimental results. The FE model is able to predict the force-deformation variation during injection for different speeds. This proves to be useful for future studies investigating different injection conditions.

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4

Vasilko, Karol. "Deformation Structures and Tool Wear during High-Speed Machining." Technological Engineering 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/teen-2013-0004.

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Abstract Tendencies towards increasing cutting speeds during machining can be observed recently. The first wave of increasing cutting speeds occured in the 60s of the previous century. However, suitable tool material was not available at that time. Increasing cutting speed is possible only following the development of cutting material, resistant against high temperatures, abrasive, adhesive and diffusive wear. It is obvious that the process of chip creation, quality of machined surface, dynamics of machining process and temperature of cutting change considerably with cutting speed. To be able to apply higher cutting speeds in production machining, it is necessary to know the dependence of those characteristics on cutting speed. Some of those phenomena, which are linked with cutting speed, will be explained in the paper. Key words: machining, cutting speed, tool durability, surface quality

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5

Lei, Chunli, Fuhong Li, Baoru Gong, and Xibin Jia. "An Integrated Model to Characterize Comprehensive Stiffness of Angular Contact Ball Bearings." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (April 7, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4951828.

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The bearing dynamic behaviors will be complicated due to the changes in the geometric sizes and relative positions of the bearing components at high speed. In this paper, based on the Hertz contact theory, elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model, and Jones’ bearing theory, the comprehensive stiffness model of the angular contact ball bearing is proposed in consideration of the effects of elastic deformation, centrifugal deformation, thermal deformation, and the ball spinning motion. The influences of these factors on bearing dynamic stiffness are investigated in detail. The calculation results show that the centrifugal deformation and thermal deformation increase with the increase in rotation speed. When the centrifugal deformation and thermal deformation are considered, the bearing radial contact stiffness increases as the speed increases, whereas the axial contact stiffness and the angular contact stiffness decrease. When the deformations and the EHL are all considered, the comprehensive bearing stiffness decreases with the increasing speed. It is also found that the spinning motion of the ball causes the comprehensive bearing stiffness to increase.

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6

Julzarika, Atriyon. "DETECTION OF VERTICAL DEFORMATION IN JAKARTA-BANDUNG HIGH SPEED TRAIN ROUTE USING X SAR AND SENTINEL." Geodesy and cartography 45, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2019.10761.

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The Jakarta-Bandung high speed train is one of the national strategic plans. The high speed train route connects the Jakarta city to the Bandung city. The route needs to be detailed topography and checking of vertical deformations that occur along its route. This study aims to determine the conditions of vertical deformation in four stations and the Jakarta Bandung high speed train route. The spatial information of vertical deformation was extracted from the X SAR (2000) and Sentinel data (2018). The method used was Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DinSAR). The vertical deformation was obtained from the reduction of topography in 2018 with the topography of 2000. Both of these topography must meet the tolerance of 1.96 sigma so that the resulting deformation is also more optimal. The results of this study can be used to reference the determination of high speed train route based on conditions of vertical deformation.

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7

Mutlu Aydin, Metin, and Ali Topal. "EFFECTS OF PAVEMENT SURFACE DEFORMATIONS ON TRAFFIC FLOW." Transport 34, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.8631.

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Pavement surface deformations have a significant effect on speed profile of vehicles and traffic flow conditions. These deformations limit driving properties and increase vehicle operation and maintenance costs. Additionally, they cause many problems such as accidents, slower movement speeds, capacity loss and severe discomfort states. There are many factors having an effect on road capacities and they vary according to different road and traffic flow conditions. In this study, it is aimed to investigate and develop models to estimate shockwave and bottleneck forming, capacity loss and speed reduction, which occurred on examined road links caused by pavement deformations. For the prediction of road capacity, flow–density (q–k) relationship, bottleneck and shockwave analysis methods were used. In the scope this study, deformed road links were divided into three sections; Section A – before deformation zone, Section B – deformation zone, and Section C – after deformation zone. All three sections were investigated and empirical results were obtained. According to analysis results, it was found that pavement surface deformations have a negative effect on the level of road service capability. Obtained results also showed that there are significant reductions in capacity relatively by up to 44 and 26% would result from surface deformations on deformed lanes and non-deformed adjacent lanes.

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8

Xiao, Shi Guo, Qing Rong Yan, and Wen Chen. "Characteristics of Settlement and Assessment Methods of Engineered Structures under Certain High-Speed Railway Tracks in China." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1869.

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The assessment of settlement deformation of engineered structures under high-speed railway tracks is an important control link in high-speed railway line construction. This paper discusses characteristics of settlement deformation of sections of subgrade, bridges and tunnels, and analyzes the suitability of predictive methods in currently available technical codes and standards based on measured data of settlement deformation. Currently available assessment analysis methods have good applicability for subgrade sections but are not suitable for sections of bridges and tunnels. Suitable assessment analysis methods are proposed and have been successfully applied to settlement deformation of engineered structures under the tracks of high-speed railway lines. The methods suit the characteristics of “small magnitude and large fluctuation” changes of measured settlement deformations taking account of the construction process of the engineered project.

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9

Kaloop, Mosbeh R., Jong Wan Hu, and Mohamed A. Sayed. "Yonjung High-Speed Railway Bridge Assessment Using Output-Only Structural Health Monitoring Measurements under Train Speed Changing." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4869638.

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Yonjung Bridge is a hybrid multispan bridge that is designed to transport high-speed trains (HEMU-430X) with maximum operating speed of 430 km/h. The bridge consists of simply supported prestressed concrete (PSC) and composite steel girders to carry double railway tracks. The structural health monitoring system (SHM) is designed and installed to investigate and assess the performance of the bridge in terms of acceleration and deformation measurements under different speeds of the passing train. The SHM measurements are investigated in both time and frequency domains; in addition, several identification models are examined to assess the performance of the bridge. The drawn conclusions show that the maximum deflection and acceleration of the bridge are within the design limits that are specified by the Korean and European codes. The parameters evaluation of the model identification depicts the quasistatic and dynamic deformations of PSC and steel girders to be different and less correlated when higher speeds of the passing trains are considered. Finally, the variation of the frequency content of the dynamic deformations of the girders is negligible when high speeds are considered.

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10

Wang, Zhong Tang, Shi Hong Zhang, and Yong Gang Deng. "Tube Extrusion Technology for Super-Alloy Inconel690." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.220.

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Finite element software was used to analyze the deformation of hot extrusion technology at high temperature and high speed for super-alloy Inconel 690(IN690). It had been obtained that the temperature filed and strain filed and stress field during tube extrusion deformation at different speeds and temperatures. The results presented that deformation uniformity being fine and the temperature variety increased with increasing of extruding speed. The maximal equivalent stress decreased and the distributing was further uniformity with the increasing of deformation temperature. Extrusion force reduced at first and then increased with increasing of extruding speed. Maximal extrusion force reduced with the increasing of deformation temperature. The relative errors of extrusion force between simulating results and experiment results are less than 7.3%. Extrusion technology parameters for supper-alloy Inconel690 had been optimized which are that extrusion speed being 110 ~ 120mm / s, and extrusion temperature being 1200 °C.

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11

Pattinson, Oliver, Dario Carugo, Fabrice Pierron, and Nicholas Evans. "Ultra-high speed quantification of cell strain during cell-microbubble interactions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010950.

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Interactions between oscillating microbubbles and cells are of fundamental importance in understanding cell behaviour, including mechanotransduction, during therapeutic microbubble treatment. However, it is challenging to quantify cell deformation due to the short time domains at which microbubble-induced deformations occur. Developments in both ultra-high speed imaging and image processing may allow for quantification of cell strain at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ultra-high speed imaging and digital image correlation could be used to measure and quantify microbubble-induced cell deformation. A hypervision HPV-X camera and a custom-designed, compact acoustic cell-culture device were used together to image interactions between DSPC-microbubbles and MG-63 cells at up to 5 × 106 fps, under ultrasound exposure at 1 MHz. Dynamic cell deformation was measured using digital image correlation with MatchID software. Microbubbles associated with MG63 cells in the acoustic device. Microbubble oscillation resulted in a peak deformation of 350 nm and strain of 5% on the cell during the bubble expansion phase, isolated locally to the point of interaction. These data show that cell deformation can be quantified dynamically during bubble-cell interactions, suggesting that mechanical properties, and potentially corresponding therapeutic effects, can be quantified at high-frequency strain rates.

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12

Gerlach, Martin Enno, Maximilian Zajonc, and Bernd Ponick. "Mechanical stress and deformation in the rotors of a high-speed PMSM and IM." e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 138, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-021-00866-5.

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AbstractHigh-speed electric machines are gaining importance in the field of traction drives and aviation due to their high power density. The evaluation of the mechanical stress in the rotor is one crucial part in the design process for this type of machines. The mechanical stress cannot be measured directly. Accordingly, a validation of the calculated mechanical stress is difficult and normally not performed. Instead of the mechanical stress, the deformation at the rotor surface can be measured using a spin test machine with distance sensors. The deformation can then be used to validate the calculation results.In this paper, the mechanical load exerted on an IM rotor for a $60\,\text{kW}/20000\,\frac{1}{\text{min}}$ 60 kW / 20000 1 min high-speed electric machine and an PMSM rotor for a $75~\text{kW}/25000\,\frac{1}{\text{min}}$ 75 kW / 25000 1 min high-speed electric machine is analysed in detail. The mechanical stress and the deformation are calculated and analysed using a FEM simulation model. Then, a spin test is performed on the two rotors. First, the burst speed is determined by operating two rotor samples above their defined test speed. Then, the deformation is measured at the rotor surface for different operating speeds and the defined test speed. The measurement and the simulation results are compared and discussed.It can be shown that the two designs do not exceed the maximum mechanical stress for the defined operating range. In the deformation measurement of the IM rotor, a plastic deformation up to $\varepsilon _{\text{IM, pl}} = 8$ ε IM, pl = 8 μm and elastic deformation up to $\varepsilon _{\text{IM, el}}=22$ ε IM, el = 22 μm can be seen. In regards to plastics, PMSM rotor expands up to $\varepsilon _{\text{PMSM, pl}}= 5$ ε PMSM, pl = 5 μm. The maximum elastic deformation of the PMSM rotor is $\varepsilon _{\text{PMSM, el}}=40$ ε PMSM, el = 40 μm. The comparison of the calculated and the measured elastic deformation shows good accordance for the two rotor types. Both models are capable of describing the deformation and the state of stress in the rotors. In burst tests, both rotors withstand rotational speeds far above the defined test speed.

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13

Et. al., Trah Quyet Thang,. "Effect of High Velocity Deformation on Strength of ArmoredComposite Materials." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 2709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2296.

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This paper considers the problem of determining the strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastic with straight and curved fibers under high-speed loading. High-speed tests of unidirectional CFRP specimens with rectilinear and wavy structure have been carried out. The influence of the structure and high-speed loading on the ultimate strength and ultimate deformation of the material is investigated. For the first time, a detailed study of the effect of fiber curvature on the properties of CFRP under high-speed deformation has been carried out. As a result of dynamic tests, it was shown that the ultimate strength in unidirectional laying is higher than in wavy laying. The effect of increasing the ultimate deformations of specimens with bent fibers was established, which was noted earlier for the case of tensile tests.

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14

Huang, Luwei, Hong Xiao, Song Yang, and Yugang Han. "Effects of Groundwater Exploitation on Embankment for High-speed Railway Lines." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (July 10, 2015): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010417.

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Groundwater exploitation will cause significant subsidence to the ground, then influence the deformation of embankment for high-speed railway lines, which may threaten the safety of train operation. To study the law of embankment deformation aroused by groundwater exploitation near high-speed railway lines, a 3D fluid-solid coupling model is established based on infiltrating solidification theory and using finite element software ABAQUS, and embankment deformations caused by different pumping rates and pumping distance are analyzed. The results show that pumping rate and pumping distance are both of great influence on the deformations of embankment for high-speed railway lines. Therefore, in order to control the effects of groundwater exploitation on embankment, it should be forbidden to add new pumping well near the railway lines and groundwater exploitation should be strictly limited within the influence scope.

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15

Liu, Zhe, Wei Chen, Desheng Li, and Wenjing Zhang. "Theoretical analysis and experimental study on thermal stability of high-speed motorized spindle." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 1049–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-04-2016-0091.

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Purpose In high-speed processing, the influence on the machining accuracy of a machine tool is greatly caused by the thermal deformation of the motorized spindle; a further study on the thermal characteristics of the spindle is given in this paper. This study aims to reduce the thermal error and improve the performance of the machine tool by discussing the relationships between the temperature distributions and rotating accuracy caused by the thermal deformations of the spindle. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a method combining the theoretical analysis and the experimental study to study the thermal stability of the high-speed motorized spindle. First of all, a finite element model of the spindle was built with ANSYS, whereby temperature distributions and the thermal deformations were successively obtained at different speeds. And then, both the temperature field and the rotating accuracy of the motorized spindle were measured simultaneously by the thermal stability experiment. Finally, the experimental and theoretical results were compared and validated. Findings The thermal stability of the motorized spindle was studied in this paper, and some findings from the study were as follows: the spindle’s rotating accuracy maintained good in X direction but bad in Y and Z directions in terms of the deformations; the higher front-end temperature of the spindle which can significantly affect the rotating accuracy is needed to be controlled mainly; the recovery speed of the spindle deformation lagged behind the temperature’s fallback speed; the vibration graph about radial rotating sensitivity synthesized by X1 and X2 presented a trifoliate shape. Originality/value Based on a built test-bed which can synchronously measure the motorized spindle’s temperature distribution and rotating accuracy with five-point method, the coupling effects of the thermal deformation and temperature are embodied, and not only the vibration graph but also the thermal tilt angles can be gained. Therefore, considering the influence of the thermal deformation on the heat generated by the bearings, the paper fulfilled a study by which it was obtained that the front-end temperature of the spindle, which was higher and could significantly affect the rotating accuracy, needed to be controlled mainly.

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16

Ballesteros, Angel, Giulia Gubitosi, and Flavio Mercati. "Interplay between Spacetime Curvature, Speed of Light and Quantum Deformations of Relativistic Symmetries." Symmetry 13, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112099.

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Recent work showed that κ-deformations can describe the quantum deformation of several relativistic models that have been proposed in the context of quantum gravity phenomenology. Starting from the Poincaré algebra of special-relativistic symmetries, one can toggle the curvature parameter Λ, the Planck scale quantum deformation parameter κ and the speed of light parameter c to move to the well-studied κ-Poincaré algebra, the (quantum) (A)dS algebra, the (quantum) Galilei and Carroll algebras and their curved versions. In this review, we survey the properties and relations of these algebras of relativistic symmetries and their associated noncommutative spacetimes, emphasizing the nontrivial effects of interplay between curvature, quantum deformation and speed of light parameters.

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17

Ni, Mao, Qin, Xiao, and Fu. "Thermal Cycles and Deformation Characters During High-Speed Micro Friction Stir Welding Process of AA7075-T6 Sheets." Metals 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111236.

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Thermal cycles and deformations during high-speed micro friction stir welding (μFSW) under different welding conditions were studied by experimental methods. The results show that the peak temperature and elevated-temperature exposure time (t150) increased with the increasing of rotational speed and decreased with the increasing of welding speed. Increasing rotational speed or welding speed led to an increase in both heating and cooling rates. The joint fabricated by the pinless tool experienced a lower peak temperature, a shorter elevated-temperature exposure time, and a larger temperature gradient than that by the pin tool. The welded sheet presented an anti-saddle deformation character, with convex bending in a longitudinal direction and concave angular bending in a transverse direction. In comparison to the pin tool, the longitudinal maximum bending deformation, Zmax, of the joint fabricated by the pinless tool was reduced by 12.35%, and the transverse angular deformation, α, was reduced by 6.67%. In comparison to the steel backing plate, the Zmax of the joint produced using a copper backing plate was reduced by 40.66%, but the α was increased by 53.27%.

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18

Yu, Ai Bing, Liang Dong, and Yan Lin Wang. "Effect of Wheel Elasticity on Grinding Stability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.394.

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Grinding stability was analyzed concerned with contact deformation and contact stiffness of wheels. Elastic deformations of the grinding wheel were measured with inductance sensors. Dynamic grinding system model was set up. Relation between contact stiffness and chatter growing index was analyzed. Chatter suppression experiments with variable grinding speeds were carried out. When wheel is in contact with a workpiece, contact deformation can occur. The contact stiffness of grinding wheel is a variable. The relation between chatter growing index and contact stiffness is an increasing function. Chatter growing index can be decreased by lowering contact stiffness of wheel. The grinding system stability will be improved with variable grinding speed.

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19

De Leon, Yair, and Nathan Paldor. "Linear Waves in Midlatitudes on the Rotating Spherical Earth." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 3204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4083.1.

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Abstract The linear waves of the shallow water equations in a zonal channel in midlatitudes on the rotating spherical earth are investigated analytically and numerically by solving several relevant eigenvalue problems. For baroclinic deformation radii in the ocean, the phase speed of long Rossby waves in a sufficiently wide channel on the sphere can be 5 times that of their harmonic β-plane counterparts. The difference between the two phase speeds increases with the channel width and decreases with 1) the latitude of the equatorward wall, 2) the radius of deformation, and 3) the mode number. For Poincaré (inertia–gravity) waves, the phase speed on the sphere is slightly lower than that of harmonic waves on the β plane. The meridionally dependent amplitude of the meridional velocity is identical for both waves and is trapped near the equatorward wall—that is, its amplitude is maximal within a few deformation radii from this wall. The phase speeds of the Kelvin and anti-Kelvin waves on a sphere are determined by the latitudes of the equatorward and poleward walls, respectively, where they attain their maximal height amplitude. Accordingly, the phase speed of the anti-Kelvin wave is larger than that of the westward-propagating Poincaré waves in a certain wavenumber range, whereas the phase speed of eastward-propagating Poincaré waves does not approach that of the Kelvin wave even at large wavenumbers. Analytical expressions for the phase speed of trapped Poincaré and Rossby waves are obtained for small deformation radii in wide channels by approximating the meridional velocity’s eigenfunction by an Airy function that decays with distance from the equatorward wall. The exact latitude of the poleward wall does not affect the solution, provided it is several deformation radii away from the equatorward boundary and the exact channel width increases with the radius of deformation. For a sufficiently small radius of deformation, such as that observed in the ocean, the solution is trapped, even for very narrow channels, and the phase speed is only slightly larger than that of harmonic waves.

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20

Chen, Zhaowei. "Evaluation of longitudinal connected track under combined action of running train and long-term bridge deformation." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 7-8 (December 13, 2019): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319889855.

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With long-term operation of high-speed railways, bridge deformation is hard to avoid, which directly affects the mechanical property of longitudinal connected track. To ensure the structural stability of longitudinal connected track and operation safety of train, this work proposes a work to evaluate longitudinal connected track under combined action of running train and long-term bridge deformation. First, the methodology of evaluating longitudinal connected track subject to train load and long-term bridge deformation has been proposed, in which an accurate train–track–bridge dynamic model and the method to determine long-term bridge deformation are settled. Then, the long-term bridge deformations caused by concrete creep, shrinkage, temperature, and pier settlement are investigated. On this basis, the evaluation of longitudinal connected track subject to long-term bridge deformation and running train is conducted, and the safety value of pier settlement for Chinese high-speed railways with longitudinal connected track is suggested. Results show that the long-term bridge deformations are even larger than the amplitude of random rail irregularity. With smaller settlement, influences of creep, shrinkage, and temperature play the leading role in affecting the mechanical behavior of longitudinal connected track, while influence of pier settlement occupies the dominant position with larger settlement. It is suggested that the pier settlement for Chinese high-speed railways with longitudinal connected track should be less than 7.7 mm to ensure structural stability of track and operation safety of train.

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Liu, Xianghuan, Defu Liu, and Xiaolan Hu. "Influence of the Bearing Thermal Deformation on Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of an Electric Drive Helical Gear System." Sensors 21, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010309.

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Based on the statics and quasi-statics analysis methods, the thermal deformation calculation model of a deep-groove ball bearing was constructed for the helical gear transmission system of a high speed electric drive, and the radial and axial bearing stiffness values of the bearing were calculated under the thermal deformation in this study. The obtained radial and axial stiffness values were introduced into the established dynamics model of helical gear system, and the influence of changed bearing stiffness, resulting from the thermal deformation, on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of gear pair was analyzed using the Runge–Kutta method. The results show that the axial and radial deformations of bearing occur due to the increase of working speed and temperature, in which the axial stiffness of bearing is improved but the radial stiffness is reduced. The decreasing degree of axial stiffness and the increasing degree of radial stiffness decrease with the gradually increasing working rotational speed. When considering the influence of thermal deformation on the bearing stiffness, the helical gear system will have nonlinear behaviors, such as single periodic, double periodic, and chaotic motion with the change of working speed. Therefore, in order to improve the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of high speed electric drive gear systems, the influence of bearing stiffness change on the dynamic performance of a gear system should be considered in the industrial applications.

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22

Pantleon, W., D. Francke, and P. Klimanek. "Modelling adiabatic heating during high-speed deformation." Computational Materials Science 7, no. 1-2 (December 1996): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0256(96)00063-8.

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23

Proskuriakov, N. E., I. V. Lopa, and I. V. Zverev. "CALCULATING OF DEFORMATION SPEED AT ELECTROMAGNETIC FORMING." Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines 9, no. 1 (2021): 069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2310-9793-9-1-69-73.

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Рассматривается влияние скорости деформации, величины пластической деформации и температуры материала на характеристики материала при магнитно-импульсной штамповке. Показано, что прочностные характеристики возрастают с ростом скорости деформации, а пластичность увеличивается с ростом величин пластической деформации и температуры. Предложен вариант записи определяющего соотношения, учитывающего эти изменения, а его использование в расчетах может существенно повысить эффективность расчетов операций магнитно-импульсной штамповки.

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24

Kiselyov, D. O., S. A. Tipalin, N. F. Shpunkin, and A. V. Tipalina. "Influence of change of speed of deformation on nature of hardening of material." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 4-2 (April 20, 2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67609.

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Анотація:

The article considers material deformation in conditions of deformation speed changing. Curve hardenings are analyzed at various speed of deformation of samples and the method of creation of a curve of hardening of material in the conditions of change of speed of deformation of preparation is shown.

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25

Чудин, В., and V. Chudin. "Hot extrusion of inner stages in housings." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2018, no. 1 (January 14, 2018): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a5a44e7af0b11.86223240.

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A technological scheme and computation for the process of stage extrusion in housings of high-strength aluminum alloys are offered. Blank material is assumed to be viscoplastic during hot working, that is, deformation strengthening is followed by softening in view of viscous deformations growth (short-term creep). An extreme theorem of plasticity is used, in accordance with which the deformation kinematics defines the upper boundary assessment of pressure. The flow kinematics is defined with the aid of a discontinuous field of traverse speeds. At the same time a power in the deformation areas and on the surfaces of a speed gap is computed. The pressure of the operation is defined through a power equation of equilibrium in powers and depends upon strengthening and a rate of deformation. The assessment of damageability of blank material is given according to equations of the energetic and kinetic theories of strength at viscoplasticity. The calculated data and a product sample are shown.

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Wang, Xiaofeng, Haoyue Chu, and Qingshan Yang. "Numerical Analysis of Wind-Induced Response of a Wrinkled Membrane." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 05 (May 2020): 2050056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945542050056x.

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Membranes have been popularly used in the fields of civil engineering and aerospace engineering. When wrinkled, a membrane loses its stiffness in the direction perpendicular to wrinkles and is more sensitive to wind loads. This paper numerically studied the wind-induced responses of a wrinkled membrane and their variations with respect to wind speed, wind direction and wrinkling deformation. Based on the stability theory of plates and shells, the wrinkling deformation of a rectangular membrane under shear was obtained by post-buckling analysis. Then, by using the wind load derived from a wind tunnel test, the dynamic responses of the wrinkled membrane were numerically analyzed for different wind speeds, wind directions and wrinkling deformations. The results indicate the following: (1) the displacement and extreme stresses of a membrane are gradually intensified with an increase in the wind speed; (2) the wind direction plays an important role in the displacement, but it has little effect on the stresses and (3) the displacement increases with the wrinkling deformation, and the extreme stresses are intensified with an increase in the pre-tension. This study on the wind-induced responses of a wrinkled membrane is helpful to the understanding of the complex behavior of a wrinkled membrane under wind loads while reducing the adverse effects of wrinkling deformation and ensuring the dynamic stability of membrane structures.

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27

Tao, Fu Chun, Guang Chao Chen, Bin Jiang, Bo Chen, and Yan Ding. "High Speed Face Milling Cutters Dynamic Response with Deformation." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.186.

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Based on the field research, we found that in the course of high-speed face milling aluminum, Cutters components prone to deformation as the role of load such as Centrifugal force, Cutting force and Preload. The deformation will directly affect the the dynamic performance of the cutter. So its necessary to reveal the dynamic response of the deformation cutter. We base on the Dynamic model and the modal analysis model, Obtained the deformation cutters dynamic simulation which the cutters deformation is come from the ANSYS. At last we got the method of identifying cutters deflection deformation by vibration signal. With the method we can effectively identifying milling distortion In the cutting process.

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28

Komanduri, R., and T. A. Schroeder. "On Shear Instability in Machining a Nickel-Iron Base Superalloy." Journal of Engineering for Industry 108, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187056.

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The deformation in chips produced in machining a nickel-iron base superalloy (Inconel 718), at various speeds up to 213.5 m/min [700 surface feet per minute (SFPM)] has been investigated. In addition to slip, considerable twinning in the chips is observed at all speeds. Up to a cutting speed of about 30.5 m/min (100 SFPM), the chips formed are essentially continuous and ribbon-like, although deformation in the chip is inhomogeneous. At cutting speeds above 61 m/min (200 SFPM), shear-localized chips form. The longitudinal midsections of the chips show gross inhomogeneous deformation with shear localization between any two segments, and relatively low deformation within any individual segment. With an increase in speed the extent of contact between segments decreases rapidly, until a speed is reached where the individual segments become completely detached. The speed at which this occurs for other difficult-to-machine materials, such as AISI 4340, was found in an earlier study, to depend upon the metallurgical condition of the material and its hardness. Based on this study, the mechanism of chip formation when machining Inconel 718 is very similar to that reported earlier for machining both titanium alloys and hardened AISI 4340 steels at higher speeds. While the hcp crystal structure of titanium alloys in addition to titanium’s poor thermal properties (kρc) is believed to be partly responsible for the intense shear localization in that material, results with Inconel 718 (fcc) and AISI 4340 steel (bcc) indicate that the effect of structure on shear localization is not yet well understood.

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29

Datta, Sanjoy, Radek Stoček, Evghenii Harea, Ondřej Kratina, and Martin Stěnička. "Configuration of Novel Experimental Fractographic Reverse Engineering Approach Based on Relationship between Spectroscopy of Ruptured Surface and Fracture Behaviour of Rubber Sample." Materials 13, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 4445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194445.

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A novel fractographic approach based on a combination of (i) mechanical behavior of cured rubber in uniaxial tensile loading and (ii) spectroscopy of fracture on a ruptured surface was experimentally validated. This approach related the migration of paraffin oil from a matrix to the ruptured rubber surface, to the tearing energy related to the deformation speed responsible for total rubber sample rupture, and the approach itself was configured experimentally. It was evaluated on cured natural rubber (NR) for two different paraffin oil concentrations. Single edge notched tensile (SENT) samples were subjected to uniaxial tensile loadings at two different deformation speeds. First, the tearing energy as a function of deformation speed was determined for each defined oil concentration. Secondly, at specific locations on the ruptured surfaces, infrared (IR) spectroscopy was performed to quantify a characteristic absorbance peak height of migrated paraffin oil during the rupture process. The results of the IR analyses were related to the deformation speed to understand the relation between the amount of migrated paraffin oil during the fracture process and the deformation speed which brought about such a fracture. This novel approach enhanced the reverse engineering process of rubber fracture related to the cause of tearing energies during critical failure.

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30

Hutsaylyuk, Volodymyr, Mykola Czausow, Valentin Berezin, Andriy Pylypenko, and Katerina Volyanska. "Influence of Dissipative Structures Formed by Impulsed Loads on the Processes of Deformation and Fracture." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.273.

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By applying original experimental methodology and software system for non-contact research of deformation field investigated conditions of DNP in the test setup of given stiffness. Established that at the speed of additional impulse loading within 300-500 MN / s, specimens of aluminum alloy 2024 - T3 and D16 exposed low cycle, high-frequency oscillations with a frequency of 1.5 ... 2 KHz. This process of load with deformations speeds of the material 2 ... 60s-1 promotes plasticizing of aluminum alloys and delays in "neck forming.".

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31

Farid Maruf, Mokhammad, Sri Wahyuni, and Jojok Widodo. "Numerical Analysis on the Deformation of Flexible Pavement System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.379.

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In this paper, flexible pavement system behavior due to heavy axle load is discussed. The effects of axle load, vehicle speed, and pavement thickness are studied numerically by means of PLAXIS 2D. The simulation results show that both vehicle speed and load significantly induce the deformation. The elastic deformation varies significantly when the speed and load change. However, the plastic deformation mostly depends on the vehicle speed. The effect of load becomes significant when the speed is slowing down. The pavement thickness also play important role to increase the stiffness to reduce the pavement deformation.

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32

Panyam, Meghashyam, Beshah Ayalew, Timothy Rhyne, Steve Cron, and John Adcox. "Experimental Measurement of In-Plane Rolling Nonpneumatic Tire Vibrations Using High-Speed Imaging." Tire Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.18.470101.

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ABSTRACT This article presents a novel experimental technique for measuring in-plane deformations and vibration modes of a rotating nonpneumatic tire subjected to obstacle impacts. The tire was mounted on a modified quarter-car test rig, which was built around one of the drums of a 500-horse power chassis dynamometer at Clemson University's International Center for Automotive Research. A series of experiments were conducted using a high-speed camera to capture the event of the rotating tire coming into contact with a cleat attached to the surface of the drum. The resulting video was processed using a two-dimensional digital image correlation algorithm to obtain in-plane radial and tangential deformation fields of the tire. The dynamic mode decomposition algorithm was implemented on the deformation fields to extract the dominant frequencies that were excited in the tire upon contact with the cleat. It was observed that the deformations and the modal frequencies estimated using this method were within a reasonable range of expected values. In general, the results indicate that the method used in this study can be a useful tool in measuring in-plane deformations of rolling tires without the need for additional sensors and wiring.

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33

Bałon, Paweł, Edward Rejman, Robert Smusz, and Bartłomiej Kiełbasa. "High speed machining of the thin-walled aircraft constructions." Mechanik 90, no. 8-9 (September 11, 2017): 726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.8-9.105.

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Machining operations of thin-walled elements generate a lot of production process issues related to deformations and elastic and plastic displacements of the workpiece. Due to displacements of the milled workpiece, vibrations can occur, and thus, geometric errors may occur on surface in the structure of the workpiece. Furthermore, plastic deformation can also cause shape problems and be a source of internal stresses in the surface layer, which are highly difficult to remove and lead to deformation of the workpiece after machining. Consequently, this leads to an increase in the manufacturing costs of machining operations, especially of thin-walled elements, due to shortages and increased manufacturing time. It is recommended that multiple methods for minimizing machining errors be utilized to improve the quality of thin walled elements, such as: optimization of the machining strategy, increase of the cutting speed vc, optimization of cutting parameters, especially feed per blade fz, the radial depth of cut ae due to the minimization of the cutting force component perpendicular to the surface of the milled wall.

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34

Yuan, Jian Yi, and Ya Yu Lv. "Numerical Analysis to Impact of Different Heights for Subgrade Connecting in High-Speed Railway." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1256.

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Subgrade connecting has become an important research project in high-speed railway construction engineering. Combining the hub project of Hefei railway, numerical calculation was executed with different subgrade heights to existing line’s safety operation and subgrade stability by FLAC software. It shows that deformations in the vertical direction of the connection between the new subgrade and the old and the old subgrade surface increase following the increment of subgrade height, and the velocity of deformation increment also aggrandize. Reduction of subgrade height is beneficial to trains safety on existing line and subgrade integration property. It will be instructive to control differentia deformation for the connecting subgrade projects in high-speed railway.

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35

Jiang, Lizhong, Lan Zheng, Yulin Feng, Zhipeng Lai, and Wangbao Zhou. "Mapping the relationship between the structural deformation of a simply supported beam bridge and rail deformation in high-speed railways." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 1081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719880668.

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By considering the effect of the constraints of the rails on the subgrade section on both sides of a bridge, analytical expressions are derived to study the mapping relationship between the rail deformation and changes in the condition of the supporting beam(s), based on the principle of minimum potential energy. Rail deformations in a slab track–bridge system induced by the subsidence of piers and beam faults are investigated in detail. Results are compared with the finite element calculations to assess the main factors that influence rail deformation. The results show that the rail deformation curves under different working conditions (single or multiple pier subsidence and beam faults) determined using the analytical model fit well with those from the finite element models. With increasing subsidence of piers, the rail deformed more significantly in the subsidence zone. Moreover, both the maximum downward and upward deformations of the rail changed linearly with the subsidence of piers. Use of fasteners or a mortar layer with greater vertical stiffness caused the rail to become more irregular.

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36

Da, Kang, Wang Yongliang, Zhong Jingjun, and Liu Zihao. "Pre-Deformation Method for Manufactured Compressor Blade Based on Load Incremental Approach." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 37, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2017-0024.

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AbstractThe blade deformation caused by aerodynamic and centrifugal loads during operating makes blade configurations different from their stationary shape. Based on the load incremental approach, a novel pre-deformation method for cold blade shape is provided in order to compensate blade deformation under running. Effect of nonlinear blade stiffness is considered by updating stiffness matrix in response to the variation of blade configuration when calculating deformations. The pre-deformation procedure is iterated till a converged cold blade shape is obtained. The proposed pre-deformation method is applied to a transonic compressor rotor. Effect of load conditions on blade pre-deformation is also analyzed. The results show that the pre-deformation method is easy to implement with fast convergence speed. Neither the aerodynamic load nor centrifugal load can be neglected in blade pre-deformation.

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37

Fu, Xiu Li, Zeng Hui An, Yan An Pan, Wen Xing Lin, and Yang Qiao. "Study on the High Speed Cutting Experiment of Micro Deformation Zone Based on the Theory of Dislocation." Materials Science Forum 836-837 (January 2016): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.836-837.493.

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The dislocation theory is applied to study plastic deformation in high-speed cutting to show the formation characteristics of the micro scale deformation zone in high-speed cutting. Through the quick stoppage experiment of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 in high-speed cutting and the further research of inclined cutting chip formation mechanism and deformation of shear zone in plastic mechanics and dislocation theory respect .The stress, the strain state and microstructure near the front edge of the rake face edge is analyzed. Effective flow stress, effective strain distribution and variation in shear deformation zone is simulated. According to the experimental and simulation results and from the microscopic respect, the traditional cutting deformation zone is reclassified, the deformation zone of the front edge and dislocations compression zone is increased to achieve a more accurate description of the deformation zone and provide a theoretical basis for the study of high-speed cutting deformation mechanism.

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38

Kawabe, Takahiro. "Linear Motion Coverage as a Determinant of Transparent Liquid Perception." i-Perception 9, no. 6 (November 2018): 204166951881337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669518813375.

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When a transparent liquid flows, the background image behind the flow dynamically deforms due to light refraction. The dynamic deformations of a background image (dynamic image deformations) are one of the visual features used by the visual system to infer the existence of a transparent liquid flow. Although previous studies have discussed the role of the narrow band components of the spatiotemporal deformation frequency, it was still unclear whether motion signals, one of the constituents of dynamic image deformations, were the determinant of the perception of a transparent liquid. Manipulating the flow speed of image deformation, which is a critical parameter for changing motion signals in dynamic image deformations, we asked observers to judge whether a transparent liquid was included in the clips or not. We found that the proportions of reporting that they saw a transparent liquid increased with the flow speed of image deformations. Analyzing motion signals of the stimulus clips, we found that the faster the flow of image deformations the fewer linear motion signals were contained. The results indicate that the perception of a transparent liquid arises when the dynamic image deformations contain fewer linear motion signals.

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39

Jiang, Ling Fa, Shu Dan Xiong, Tong Bing Lei, and Xi Chang Xu. "Settlement Deformation Evaluation Method of High-Speed Railway Cutting under Rebound Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.1081.

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Based to the design scheme of the typical high-speed railway cutting, the numerical model on the high-speed railway cutting settlement deformation under rebound effect is established with suitable geometric and mechanical parameters. Some calculation cases are designed to study the settlement deformation evaluation method of high-speed railway cutting under rebound effect. Through analyzing the settlement deformation data of different conditions, the optimal curvilinear regression method is determined, the reasonable dead load observation period is discussed, and a new settlement deformation evaluation method with the assessment coefficient is established. This study will provide some reference for the design and the settlement deformation evaluation of the high-speed railway cutting under rebound effect

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Ueji, Rintaro, Kenji Harada, Noriyuki Tsuchida, and Kazutoshi Kunishige. "High Speed Deformation of Ultrafine Grained TWIP Steel." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.107.

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Tensile properties of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels (31%Mn-3%Al-3%Si-Fe) with various mean grain sizes ranging from ultrafine grain size (1.1μm) to conventional one (35.5μm) at a wide range of strain rates from 10-3sec-1 to 103sec-1 were studied. The ultrafine grained TWIP steel exhibits a large work hardening and keeps an adequate elongation at any strain rate. The strength held to the Hall-Petch relationship at each strain rate and the Hall-Petch slopes do not change largely.

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41

Fujita, Francisco Eiichi. "Generation of vacancies in high-speed plastic deformation." Materials Science and Engineering: A 350, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00690-1.

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42

Kojima, S., A. Yokoyama, M. Komatsu, and M. Kiritani. "High-speed deformation of aluminum by cold rolling." Materials Science and Engineering: A 350, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00698-6.

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43

Balandin, V. V., VI VI Balandin, A. M. Bragov, A. Yu Konstantinov, A. V. Kuznetsov, and G. G. Savenkov. "High-speed Deformation and Failure of Titan Alloy." Procedia Structural Integrity 28 (2020): 1802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.11.002.

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44

Pantleon, W., J. T. R. Trotzschel, and P. Klimanek. "Simulation of Substructure Evolution During High-Speed Deformation." Le Journal de Physique IV 07, no. C3 (August 1997): C3–649—C3–654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:19973111.

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45

Tro¨tzschel, J., W. Pantleon, and P. Klimanek. "Simulation of inertia effects during high-speed deformation." Computational Materials Science 7, no. 1-2 (December 1996): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0256(96)00054-7.

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46

Furukawa, Yoshihiro, Shuhei Kaseda, Masahiro Nishida, and Koichi Tanaka. "107 High-speed impact deformation of aluminum honeycombs." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2001.50 (2001): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2001.50.13.

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47

Choi, Ildong. "The High-Speed Deformation Behavior of TRIP Steels." Metals and Materials International 14, no. 2 (April 26, 2008): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/met.mat.2008.04.139.

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48

Tamirisakandala, S., P. V. R. K. Yellapregada, S. C. Medeiros, W. G. Frazier, J. C. Malas, and B. Dutta. "High-Speed Deformation Processing of a Titanium Alloy." Advanced Engineering Materials 5, no. 9 (September 12, 2003): 667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200300368.

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49

Ladouce, L., J. Perez, and R. Vassoille. "High Speed Deformation of the Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)." Journal de Physique III 6, no. 1 (January 1996): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp3:1996113.

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50

Kopac, Janez. "Workpiece structure deformation caused by high speed cutting." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 33, no. 3 (2008): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2008.020587.

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