Дисертації з теми "Species divergence"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Species divergence".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Madsen, Susan M. "Divergence in repetitive DNA sequences among three sitopsis wheat species /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901260.
Повний текст джерелаColbeck, Gabriel Joseph. "Phylogeography, song divergence and reproductive isolation in two species of songbird." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/g_colbeck_042009.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHenry, Amanda Ann (Shaffer). "Clarkia genetic basis of sister species divergence Clarkia concinna x Clarkia breweri /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/henry/HenryA0806.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRoss, Rebecca Isabel Charlotte. "Local adaptation and adaptive divergence in a hybrid species complex in Senecio." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543007.
Повний текст джерелаFitzGerald, Alyssa. "Speciation and Ecological Niche Divergence of a Boreal Forest Bird Species Complex." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10276556.
Повний текст джерелаEvolutionary biologists are supremely interested in the events that cause populations to diverge and speciate, and the mechanisms that maintain divergence over time. Here, I investigate the evolutionary history of a boreal bird species complex. Boreal bird species are co-distributed, diverged during the Pleistocene, and generally have patterns of genetic divergence that are consistent with a single “boreal” clade in northern and eastern North America. The Gray-cheeked Thrush species complex, however, shows a possible species break in eastern North America between the Bicknell’s Thrush ( Catharus bicknelli) and Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus ). Using population genetic and genomic analyses of the largest sampling to-date of either species, I find that the eastern break indeed coincides with a species-level divergence, although low levels of admixture in a few individuals and one probable hybrid hint at the possibility of occasional hybridization. Species distribution models (SDMs) of the Last Glacial Maximum revealed that divergence may have been maintained by residence in different late-Pleistocene refugia. However, because speciation occurred mid-Pleistocene, I examined the geographical context of divergence of the Bicknell’s Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush using multivariate analyses and ecological niche modeling techniques of local-scale habitat data and broad-scale climate and tree species distributions. Local-scale habitat analyses reveal that the thrushes breed at sites with unique tree species composition, physiognomy (forest structure), and ground cover characteristics; furthermore broad-scale analyses reveal that niche divergence, rather than conservatism, was the predominant pattern for these species, suggesting that ecological divergence has played a role in their speciation. This dissertation supports the hypothesis that the Bicknell’s Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush are distinctive species that breed in divergent local- and broad-scale niches and emphasizes that this species-level divergence seems unique among boreal bird species.
Herrig, Danielle Kay. "Evaluating gene flow, gene expression divergence, and hybrid expression in Drosophila sister species." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2222.
Повний текст джерелаOyakawa, Chisako. "Species-specific Acoustic Structures Organizing Population Divergence and Acoustic Individuality in Wild Agile Gibbons." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124359.
Повний текст джерелаMercader, Rodrigo J. "Species ranges, host selection, and hybridization how increased hybridization is leading to host use divergence in a polyphagous sibling species pair /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Знайти повний текст джерелаTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 17, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-126). Also issued in print.
Zhou, Y. (Yongfeng). "Demographic history and climatic adaptation in ecological divergence between two closely related parapatric pine species." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206769.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Luonnonvalinta ja populaatioiden historian demografia tekevät lajiutumisesta monimutkaisen tapahtumaketjun. Luonnonvalinnan ja demografisten tekijöiden vuorovaikutusta on paras tutkia samanaikaisesti, kun tarkastellaan lajiutumiseen vaikuttavia ominaisuuksia. Tällaisia ovat esimerkiksi ilmastoon sopeutumiseen liittyvät ominaisuudet. Lähisukuiset havupuulajit tarjoavat erinomaiset mahdollisuudet tähän työhön. Tutkin geneettistä muuntelua yhtäältä ilmastosopeutumiseen liittyvissä ns. ehdokasgeeneissä ja toisaalta neutraaleiksi oletetuissa verrokkigeeneissä sekä sytoplasman genomeissa kahdessa lähisukuisessa mäntylajissa Pinus massoniana Lamb. ja Pinus hwangshanensis Hisa, joiden populaatiot esiintyvät joskus erillään toisistaan (allopatrisesti), toisinaan vierekkäin (parapatrisesti). Mittasin muuntelun määrää ja etsin merkkejä valinnan vaikutuksesta. Vertasin erilaisia lajiutumismallien parametrejä verrokki- ja ehdokasgeeneissä. Käytin simulaatioita etsiäkseni parhaat demografiset ja lajiutumiseen liittyvät mallit. Vertasin kloroplastien ja mitokondrioiden genomien sekvenssien lajinsisäistä ja lajien välistä muuntelua allopatrisissa ja parapatrisissa populaatioissa tutkiakseni onko lajien yhteinen muuntelu seurausta siitä että lajien eriytymisestä on kulunut vain vähän aikaa vai siitä että sen jälkeen on tapahtunut geenivirtaa. Kauan sitten tapahtunut valinta on vaikuttanut samalla tavalla kumpaankin lajiin, osin koska tutkimus kohdistui myös niiden yhteiseen edeltäjälinjaan. Äskettäinen valinta taas oli suuremmassa määrin kummallekin lajille ominaista. Viime aikojen ilmastoon liittyvä valinta on voinut vähentää geenivirtaa ehdokasgeeneissä, mikä voisi edistää ekologista lajiutumista. Tuman DNA:n muuntelu jakautuminen tuki sitä mahdollisuutta että lajien yhteinen geneettinen muuntelu johtuu äskettäisestä geenivirrasta, ei vain siitä että lajiutuminen on niin varhaisessa vaiheessa. Mitokondrioiden geeneissä lajeilla yhtä paljon yhteistä muuntelua sekä allopatrisissa että parapatrisissa populaatioissa, mikä tukee sen sijaan eriytymisen jälkeistä epätäydellistä muuntelun erilaistumista. Eri genomit heijastavat lajiutumisprosessin eri vaiheita. Väitöskirjan tulokset ovat osaltaan tuottaneet uutta tietoa lajiutumisesta ja valinnasta. Lisäksi niillä on merkitystä ilmastomuutoksen vaikutusten ymmärtämisessä ja metsänjalostuksessa
Wyatt, Kimberly M. "Rapid morphological divergence among subpopulations of the introduced common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377874890.
Повний текст джерелаBunt, Thomas Michael. "Reproductive Isolation and Genetic Divergence in a Young "Species Flock" of Pupfishes (Cyprinodon sp.) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31212.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Dhami, Kirandeep K. "AMONG-LOCUS HETEROGENEITY IN GENETIC DIVERSITY AND DIVERGENCE IN TWO PAIRS OF DUCK SPECIES (GENUS: ANAS)." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1357230023.
Повний текст джерелаMetegnier, Gabriel. "From gene expression to genetic adaptation : insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of Alexandrium minutum cryptic species complex." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS200/document.
Повний текст джерелаNatural populations face environmental changes. In this context, different responses were evolutionnary selected. Among them are phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Studying the links between these two types of response is a way to understand population dynamics and to predict how they may respond to a changing environment. In the present Ph.D thesis, I focused on studying these links at several scales (intra- and interspecific), in the cryptic species complex of the microalga Alexandrium minutum, both in vitro and in situ. With respect to phenotypic plasticity, these two closely related species show profound differences, highlighting the links between genetic and ecological divergence. At the intraspecific level, it appears that, when facing abiotic factors variations, populations adjust the expression levels of certain genes (notably involved in motility related functions and intercellular interactions under low-salinity and cold environments). On the other hand, populations show genetic differentiation at both small spatial scale, over time, and when the community changes. To conclude, there is a direct interaction between genetic divergence and changes in gene expression. In addition to asking many questions about the response capabilities of populations, these results highlight how phenotypic plasticity and genetic changes are linked and interact. They offer new perspectives on the mechanisms underlying population responses to their environment
Bunt, Thomas M. "Reproductive isolation and genetic divergence in a young "species flock" of pupfishes (Cyprinodon sp.) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02122002-153708/.
Повний текст джерелаMcCreary, Cheryl S. "Genetic Relationships, Morphological Divergence and Ecological Correlates in Three Species of the Viola canadensis Complex in Western North America." View online, 2005. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/send-pdf.cgi/McCreary%20Cheryl%20S.pdf?acc_num=ohiou1133550610.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Zhen, Ruiguang Yang, Upendra K. Devisetty, Julin N. Maloof, Yang Zuo, Jingjing Li, Yuxiao Shen, Jian Zhao, Manzhu Bao, and Guogui Ning. "The Divergence of Flowering Time Modulated by FT/TFL1 Is Independent to Their Interaction and Binding Activities." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624058.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Santos Javier H. "Ecomorphological discrimination of vertebrate sister species with recent phylogenetic divergence using novel non-destructive morphometric methods = Discriminación ecomorfológica de especies hermanas de vertebrados con divergencia filogenética reciente utilizando nuevos métodos morfométricos no-destructivos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666609.
Повний текст джерелаLa tesis "Discriminación ecomorfológica de especies hermanas de vertebradas con divergencia filogenética reciente utilizando nuevos métodos morfométricos no destructivos" compara la evolución morfológica durante la radiación adaptativa sintópica entre dos clases de vertebrados: los peces cíclidos africanos modelo y las ranas mantélidas malgaches no modelo. En la Sección I, el desarrollo ontogenético de la forma del cuerpo de dos especies hermanas de cíclidos haplochrominos del Lago Victoria (Haplochromis fischeri y H. piceatus) y de su híbrido no-natural se describe mediante métodos de Geometría Morfométrica basado en landmarks. El Capítulo 1 relaciona los cambios divergentes en forma entre las especies parentales a sus respectivas especializaciones tróficas y revela variación en forma asociada a sus respectivas especializaciones locomotoras según el eje bentónico-limnético. El capítulo 2 muestra que su híbrido presenta un mosaico de características morfológicas parentales y únicas, y discute la influencia de la hibridación en la radiación de los cíclidos africanos. En la Sección II, se utilizan técnicas de tomografía computarizada (CT) para estudiar la anatomía musculo-esquelética de las ranas mantélidas, género Blommersia. El Capítulo 3 proporciona la descripción ecológica, morfológica, y filogenética de dos nuevas especies de Blommersia (B. alexi y B. nataliae) halladas en la isla comorana de Mayotte, que se cree evolucionaron en simpatría y que están sufriendo procesos opuestos de gigantismo y nanismo, respectivamente, en relación a su ancestro común más reciente. El Capítulo 4 proporciona la primera descripción esquelética completa para cualquier especie de mantélido, B. alexi, y revela características osteológicas específicas del género que se predice que están implicadas en su locomoción y comportamiento reproductivo único. El Capítulo 5 presenta una técnica personalizada de tinción de contraste de tejidos blandos para utilización antes de la CT y aplica la técnica recientemente desarrollada de Geometría Morfométrica para estructuras lisas llamada Generalized Procrustes Surface Analysis para comparar la forma pélvica entre siete especies del género Blommersia, de esta forma relacionando los patrones observados de variación en forma con sus relaciones filogenéticas y arquitectura muscular pélvica. En la Sección III, se evalúa la biomecánica en la locomoción de los anuros. El capítulo 6 explora el rendimiento biomecánico durante la locomoción de salto y natación en la Rana sylvatica, poniendo especial énfasis en la musculatura de la pata trasera implicada en la producción de empuje durante ambos modos locomotores, y revela una increíble resistencia fisiológica reflejada por su rendimiento biomecánico relativamente inalterado antes y después de ser congelado En general, la evolución morfológica en los peces cíclidos parece estar influenciada en mayor medida por las presiones ecológicas tróficas, mientras que en las ranas mantélidas es la variación del tamaño corporal y el rendimiento locomotor lo que condiciona la divergencia de las especies.
Brett, Christy Donna. "Testing the effectiveness of the mt DNA Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene locus for identifying species of Polychaete worm (Polychaeta: Annelida) in New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2425.
Повний текст джерелаCarvalho, Edvanda Andrade Souza de. "Variabilidade genética e morfológica em populações de Trichodactylus fluviatilis Latreille, 1828 (Brachyura, Trichodactylidae) no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-01112013-083827/.
Повний текст джерелаThe freshwater crab Trichodactylus fluviatilis Latreille, 1828 presents a considerable morphological variability, as well as a wide geographical distribution and occupancy of coastal and continental environments. Such variability has generated, in some cases, doubts concerning the species delimitation. The present work aims to investigate whether the populations of T. fluviatilis exhibit morphological and genetic divergence compatible with the intraspecific level, assessing the hypothesis of validity of this taxon. Therefore, we have performed the analysis of genetic variability among populations and a taxonomic revision. The material analyzed was obtained from field expeditions, visits and loans from carcinological collections. We analyzed morphological characters described in the literature as well as obtained partial sequences of the 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial genes. Some morphological characters analyzed had a wide variation, while others were well informative for some groups. The results of molecular analysis showed the formation of internal clades with high genetic divergence among them, both for 16S and COI. Moreover, the species T. petropolitanus was allocated among clades recognized morphologically as T. fluviatilis. Such genetic structuration and morphological polymorphism clearly indicate that the species morphologically recognized as T. fluviatilis does not form a monophyletic group. Therefore, it must be considered as a species complex, which claims for huge taxonomic adjustments.
Ruskey, Jennifer Anne. "Morphological stasis and genetic divergence without reproductive isolation in the Rhinichthys cataractae species complex : insights from a zone of secondary contact in the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50920.
Повний текст джерелаScience, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
Tucker, Derek B. "Molecular Studies of South American Teiid Lizards (Teiidae: Squamata) from Deep Time to Shallow Divergences." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6419.
Повний текст джерелаGholami, Zeinab. "Ecological plasticity and divergence processes of the Iranian inland species of Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), with focus on A. sophiae and A. farsicus in the Kor River and Maharlu Lake basins, Southwestern Iran." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-175728.
Повний текст джерелаGholami, Zeinab [Verfasser], and Bettina [Akademischer Betreuer] Reichenbacher. "Ecological plasticity and divergence processes of the Iranian inland species of Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), with focus on A. sophiae and A. farsicus in the Kor River and Maharlu Lake basins, Southwestern Iran / Zeinab Gholami. Betreuer: Bettina Reichenbacher." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060978687/34.
Повний текст джерелаRelich, Ryan F. "Gliding Motility Mechanisms in Divergent Mycoplasma Species." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1316482073.
Повний текст джерелаBradwell, Katie. "Genomic comparisons and genome architecture of divergent Trypanosoma species." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4598.
Повний текст джерелаGilchrist, Derek S. "Structure and mechanism of DNA gyrase from divergent bacterial species." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484289.
Повний текст джерелаMcCullagh, Bonnie. "Sequence evolution among divergent mitochondrial haplotypes within species of Junonia butterflies." Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31105.
Повний текст джерелаFebruary 2016
Li, Yuanzhi. "Structure et dynamique d'occupation de l'espace fonctionnel à travers des gradients spatiaux et temporels." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11615.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract : The patterns of niche occupancy within local communities, the spatial variability of biodiversity along environmental gradients of stress and disturbance, and the processes of plant succession are several fundamental topics in ecology. Recently, the trait-based approach has emerged as a promising way to understand the processes structuring plant communities and has even been proposed as a method to rebuild community ecology based on functional traits. Therefore, linking these fundamental themes through a functional lens should give us more insight into some basic questions in ecology and will be the main objective of my thesis. Generally, my PhD project is to investigate the structures of functional space occupancy along both spatial and temporal gradients. Specifically, the objective of Chapter 2 is to investigate the patterns of functional niche occupancy by calculating three key niche metrics (the total functional niche volume, the functional niche overlap and the average functional niche volume) from speciespoor communities to species-rich communities and to determine the main driver of the observed pattern of functional niche occupancy across plant communities worldwide. In Chapter 3, I aim to predict and explain the variation of species richness along gradients of stress and disturbance, by linking the dynamic equilibrium model and functional niche occupancy based on the framework developed in Chapter 2. The objective of Chapter 4 is to experimentally test the application of a globally calibrated CSR ordination method based on three leaf traits (leaf area, leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area) in local studies. Finally, the aim of Chapter 5 is to experimentally test the hypotheses reconciling the deterministic and historically contingent views of plant succession, by investigating the variation of taxonomic and functional dissimilarities between communities along gradients of stress and disturbance. The global study (Chapter 2) is based on a collection 21 trait datasets, spanning tropical to temperate biomes, and consisting of 313 plant communities representing different growth forms. The local studies (Chapter 3, 4 and 5) are based on the same experimental system consisting of 24 mesocosms experiencing different levels of stress and disturbance. The experiment started in 2009 with the same seed mixture of 30 herbaceous species broadcast over the 24 mesocosms and ended in 2016. We allowed natural colonization of seeds from the common soil seed bank and from the surroundings during the seven-year succession. Ten traits were measured on five individuals (sampled directly from the mesocosms) per species per mesocosms in 2014 (Chapter 3 and 4). Another set of traits (16 traits including some traits that were not able to measured directly in the mesocosms) were measured at the species level (species mean traits values) for the 34 most abundant species (some species disappeared in the mesocosms) over the seven years, by regrowing them separately for one growing season. In Chapter 2, we found communities were more functionally diverse (an increase in total functional volume) in species-rich communities, and species overlapped more within the community (an increase in functional overlap) but did not more finely divide the functional space (no decline in average functional volume). Moreover, habitat filtering is a widespread process driving the pattern of functional niche occupancy across plant communities. In Chapter 3, we found a similar pattern of functional niche occupancy on an experimental system with a constant community spatial size and trait-sampling effort, which together with Chapter 2 provided us a more comprehensive and robust picture of functional niche occupancy across plant communities. In addition, we succeeded in linking the pattern of functional niche occupancy and the dynamic equilibrium model and found that habitat filtering was the dominant process determining the pattern of functional niche occupancy and species richness along the gradients stress and disturbance. In Chapter 4, we provide empirical support for a globally calibrated CSR ordination method by showing a relationship between the relative abundance of species growing in mesocosms having different levels of soil fertility and density-independent mortality and their CSR classification. In Chapter 5, we showed that plant succession over seven years in these mesocosms was more deterministic from a functional perspective but more historically contingent from a taxonomic perspective, and that the relative importance of historical contingency decreased as the environment became more stressed or disturbed. In conclusion, the structures of functional space occupancy within (the total functional volume, the functional overlap and the average functional volume; Chapter 2 and 3) or between local communities (functional dissimilarity, Chapter 5) are deterministic rather than neutral (or historical contingency). Stress-tolerators were more favored in high stress communities, while ruderals are more favored in high disturbed mesocosms (Chapter 4).
Bewley, Marie Suzy. "CFTR from divergent species respond differently to the channel inhibitors CFTRinh-172, glibenclamide, and GlyH-101." Yale University, 2010. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-05202010-073459/.
Повний текст джерелаau, p. coulson@murdoch edu, and Peter Coulson. "The biology of three teleost species with divergent life cycle characteristics and their implications for fisheries management." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090324.143252.
Повний текст джерелаCoulson, Peter Graham. "The biology of three teleost species with divergent life cycle characteristics and their implications for fisheries management." Thesis, Coulson, Peter Graham (2008) The biology of three teleost species with divergent life cycle characteristics and their implications for fisheries management. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/481/.
Повний текст джерелаCoulson, Peter Graham. "The biology of three teleost species with divergent life cycle characteristics and their implications for fisheries management." Coulson, Peter Graham (2008) The biology of three teleost species with divergent life cycle characteristics and their implications for fisheries management. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/481/.
Повний текст джерелаHollar, Amy Rebecca. "Cloning and developmental expression of thyroid hormone receptors from three species of spadefoot toads with divergent larval period durations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291050160.
Повний текст джерелаMarjanović, David. "Phylogeny of the limbed vertebrates with special consideration of the origin of the modern amphibians." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA060690.
Повний текст джерелаZetterquist, Henrik. "The use of molecular techniques for identification of genetic divergence in transplantation : with special reference to MHC genes and HLA typing /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3267-0/.
Повний текст джерелаBuyukates, Yesim. "Characterization of the plankton community in the lower Rincon Delta: Investigations regarding new approaches to management." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1312.
Повний текст джерела梁博凱. "Postglacial population bottleneck and species divergence in Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum species complex." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42163889133214074538.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣師範大學
生命科學研究所
99
Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum species complex constitutes of R. pseudochrysanthum, R. morii, R. rubropunctatum and R. hyperythrum. Species in the R. pseudochrysanthum complex are all endemics to Taiwan and they are morphologically similar. Previous studies revealed that R. rubropunctatum was the origin of this species complex in which Pleistocene range expansion was found and population fragmentation occurred since the last glacial maximum. Aims of this study were to gather information to trace the effect of bottleneck that resulted in reduction of effective population size and genetic structure. Based on expressed sequenced tag (EST)-derived simple sequence repeats (SSRs) marker system, genotyping data of 27 EST-SSRs were analyzed and population genetic parameters were estimated. Severe bottleneck was found in the R. rubropunctatum populations and high level of genetic divergence in comparison with populations of other species in the R. pseudochrysanthum complex. In addition, high level of genetic divergence is associated with local climatic factors and resulted in local adaptation.
Chou, Shih-Yin, and 周詩縈. "Genetic divergence between Keteleeria species (Pinaceae) using multilocus analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fnzm7e.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
102
Speciation is an important issue in evolutionary biology and species complex is a good model to test the pattern of speciation. Keteleeria (Pinaceae) is an Asian gymnosperm genus and restricted to subtropical to north tropical hill regions of South China, Taiwan, and Hainan. Fossil records have been wild distributed in Northern Hemisphere. Current distribution indicates that apparently affected by Quaternary climate shifts and almost extinction. The definition of species is difficult to consensus because taxonomists had different opinions based on morphological similarities. In this study, we build a transcriptome based on high-throughput Illumina RNA-seq sequencing technique using K. davidiana var. formosana as target taxa. We surveyed sequence variation for 4 chloroplast (cp) DNA fragments, and 27 nuclear genes among 91 individuals sampled from 12 taxa of Keteleeria. The assignment test based on STRUCTURE show the best clustering was assumed at K=2, DE group in Yunnan and other species include in FP group. The RASP based on S-DIVA indicates the divergence because vicariance events and IMa suggesting low level of gene flow (2.7-8.7 ∗ 10-8) among group. The divergence time estimates c. 3.3-0.5 mya, a timescale with recent uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the formation Hengduan Mountains. Pleistocene glaciation in Hengduan Mountains is relatively warm and rainy, became a refuge of DE group. FP group associated with the extinctive species of North America, and the refugia of glaciation located in Guizhou and Guangxi that have high genetic diversity of species. The RASP analysis inferred species expansion from west to east and north to south in southeast China. Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana in Taiwan and K. hainanensis in Hainan have unique genotype in assignment test respectively. Two species suggesting low level of gene flow (1.55-9.3 ∗ 10-10, 26-1.6 ∗ 10-10), small effective population size (70-270 k, 12-6 k), diverged c. 70 and 18 ka with FP group by IMa and the vicariance events inferred by RASP. The period of continental shelf was almost free of marine influence, these islands provided refugia for northern species that migrated south during glacial periods. Keteleeria revealed species evolving through glacial cycles and caused separation, migration, and extinction as well as accelerating speciation.
Li, Ying, and 黎罃. "Genetic divergence between Tsuga species (Pinaceae) using multilocus analyses." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yzpkk7.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
106
Tsuga (Pinaceae) is an important coniferous taxon in the subalpine zone. The fossil record of Tsuga indicates that this genus was distributed throughout North America and Eurasia during the Late Cretaceous to the Plio-Pleistocene. However, currently, Tsuga exhibits a disjunctive distribution pattern across North America through East Asia island arcs and continental China. A total of 9 extant species recognized in Farjon (1990), including Tsuga chinensis (Franchet) E. Pritzel, Tsuga dumosa (D. Don) Eichler, Tsuga chinensis var. forrestii (Downie) Silba, Tsuga diversifolia (Maxim.) Mast, Tsuga sieboldii Carrière, Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière, Tsuga caroliniana Engelmann, Tsuga heterophylla (Rafinesque) Sargent, Tsuga mertensiana (Bongard) Carrière. In addition, we also sampled Tsuga chinensis var. formosana (Hayata) H.L.Li & H.Keng and Tsuga ulleungensis from Taiwan and Ullung Island, respectively; due to the unique distribution pattern such as vicariance. In the present study, we established a functional genomic database from Tsuga chinensis var. formosana then designed primers to amplified DNA sequences from 89 individuals which were sampled from 11 species. Eventually, we successfully conduct several amplification, including two mitochondria spacers, four chloroplast spacers and sixteen nuclear loci. Our result demonstrated that Tsuga has low level of genetic diversity, indicated recent divergence of Tsuga and do not have enough time to accumulate mutations in the population. In STURCTURE assignment test based on chloroplast and nuclear loci show the best clustering at K=2 and K=7, North America, China, East Asia island have difference special genetic ingredient. The most recently common ancestor of Tsuga was at 90 mya, which is corresponding to the evidence of older Tsuga fossil (90 mya). Using RASP analysis to inferred events of dispersal, vicariance and extinction that from common ancestor nodes. The results suppose Tsuga may originate from North America that spread from Western North America to Eastern North America. Asia regional species common ancestors were from Eastern North America, that spread to two different path: one was proceed to North Japan and formatted Tsuga diversifolia , the other was proceed to China and formatted the Tsuga dumosa / Tsuga chinensis var. formosana common ancestor. The path in China spread from Eastern China to Western China even arrive at Taiwan and South Japan. The Tsuga ulleungensis was dispersal by Tsuga diversifolia from North Japan to Korea and they had closely relationship showed on the phylogenetic tree and assignment test. Overview the results of divergence time analysis and fossil record, it can be inferred that Tsuga may have originated from North America and dispersed to Asia through the Bering Corridor. The fossil record proved the Tsuga widely distributed in Europe in the pass, years later the Tsuga became extinct cause by not suitable temperature and humidity for survival (1.8 mya). The disjunct distribution of Tsuga can be a result of speciation that can be resolved by multiple speciation models.
Barkan, Charlotte Barkan. "Evolution of Xenopus Vocal Patterns: Retuning a Hindbrain Circuit During Species Divergence." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8862TQP.
Повний текст джерелаRibeiro, Ana Luisa Emauz Leite. "Is empathy consistent across species? Exploring factors that may explain convergence/divergence." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/14592.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was to understand the relationship between human-directed empathy (HDE) and animal directed empathy (ADE), an under known and investigated relationship. Previous studies indicated a weak association, and there was scarce information about the factors that could explain one and the other forms of empathy as well as their convergence or divergence. Chapter 1 reviews the literature on HDE and ADE, how they develop, relate, and what factors influence them together or separately. Chapter 2 presents the study of the adaptation and validation for the Portuguese population of the Animal Empathy Scale. Chapter 3 reports an investigation in which predictors of HDE and ADE were explored in two populations (Lusophone and Anglo-Saxon), showing that the two forms of empathy are influenced by different predictors. The study also confirms the existence of a weak correlation between HDE and ADE. Chapter 4 reports an experimental study with presentation of emotional stimuli in videos, where participants showed some capacity to correctly identify the emotional valence in distinct species (humans, chimpanzees and dogs), also exhibiting an electromyographic activity congruent with the emotions exhibited in the stimuli of the target species, especially when it came to dogs and humans. Finally, Chapter 5 discusses the results, their limitations and contexts, seeking to provide clues for future studies on the one hand, and also to draw some guidelines for the practice of those who work with animals.
Papenrecht, Elisabeth Aletta van. "Nucleotide and functional divergence in esterase 6 amongst sibling species of drosophila." Phd thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142357.
Повний текст джерелаHei, Yu Shu, and 游淑惠. "Genetic divergence of Acanthopagrus berda species complex in the surrounding waters of Taiwan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31553840473657161744.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣師範大學
生物研究所
88
The genetic structure among the Acanthopagrus berda from surrounding waters of Taiwan is carried out by isozyme electrophoresis. The available inbreeding coefficient (Fis) of 0.374, and fixed index (Fst) of 0.410, indicate there are significant differentiation among the overall samples examined. The interpopulational genetic distance estimated was far greater than that between species, when the A. schlegeli who used as an outgroup. Genotypes of most indivuals examined were found to have a strong linkage effect with loci ADH*、 G6PDH*、 GPI-A*、 sMDH*. The above four loci were fixed differently between samples of Dapong bay and those from other localities, due to reproduction isolation. Thus the above mentioned typical Dapong sample(= A. sp.) can be considered as a valid cryptic species. With the exclusion of Acanthopagrus sp,the remaining 336 real berda from 7 localities, scored three polymorphic loci(P95) (sAAT* 、GPI-B*、IDH-2*), with a redution of fixed index(Fst) to 0.017, indicating an extremely low level of differentiation (P=0.227>0.05), among them Chi-square contigency table analysis showed the genetic structure among different samples was homogenous, suggestion that there are strong gene flow among the samples .
Tseng, Wan-Hsuan, and 曾婉瑄. "Speciation and Genetic Divergence of Amentotaxus argotaenia Species Complex based on Multilocus Analysis." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90553790097363838866.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
森林系所
103
Amentotaxus, representing an ancient lineage of relic species, is a gymnosperm genus. Amentotaxus argotaenia species complex, including A. argotaenia Pilg., A. formosana H. L. Li, A. yunnanensis H. L. Li and A. poilanei (Ferr#westeur042# &; Rouane) D. K. Ferguson, was distributed in the Southeast Asia. In this study, we used multilocus (8 organelle loci, and 32 nuclear loci) to assess phylogenies and speciation models of this species complex. Amentotaxus formosana (π=0.0245;θ=0.0248) and A. yunnanensis (π=0.0215;θ=0.0230) exhibited the highest nucleotide diversity, and higher levels reflected features of a refugium. Only 3 genes tree showed the consistent topology with species tree, and most gene trees displayed various tree topologies. The incongruence of gene tree and species tree resulted from ancestral polymorphism or gene flow. IMa2 was used to estimate effective population size and gene flow of this species complex. The results indicated effective population sizes of ancient and extant populations have similar pattern, ancient gene flow is higher than recent gene flow. We suggested that allopatric speciation is the predominant mode for A. formosana. However, high levels of ancient and recent gene flow were detected among A. argotaenia, A. yunnanensis and A. poilanei and effective population size for extant population was lower than ancient population for these species. Both results suggested that parapatric speciation is likely for these species.
Smith, Geneviève Kathleen. "The coexistence of ecologically similar species." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23186.
Повний текст джерелаtext
Chen, Kun-Mu, and 陳琨木. "Phylogeography of Cephalotaxus inferred from SSR loci: insights into species divergence and genetic diversity." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m8arn5.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
107
The existing species of Cephalotaxus (Cephalotaxaceae) are mainly distributed in East Asia. In the fossil evidence, it can be inferred that the rough inhabited the Russian Far East during the Cretaceous period to the Pliocene, and migrated to the south during the Oligocene, and finally extended to Yunnan, Guangxi, and Japan in the Miocene. In this study, four species and three variants of Cephalotaxus fortunei, C. harringtonii, C. harringtonii var. nana, C. harringtonii var. wilsoniana, C. oliveri, C. hainanensis and C. harringtonii var. koreana were used, for a total of 360 individuals, and 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci were used for experimental and genetic analyses. Genetic analysis showed that the heterozygous observations (HO=0-0.79) were smaller than the heterozygous expected values (HE =0.45-0.90). Results of AMOVA showed that the group of genetic variation are among populations within species (68.82%) existence, and all of the populations had significant genetic differentiation (FST=0.107, P<0.01), significant inbreeding (FIS=0.771, P<0.01), and all ethnic groups significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.001). Moreover, the IMa3 analysis result indicated that the effective population size of the ethnic group (CO, HN, CN) in East Asia (303-40350) and the population of Japan and its variants (SJP, NJP, KC, TW) (92-12292) were greater than the size of ancestral population (23-3086). It also demonstrated that the effective population size of the ethnic group (CO, HN, CN) in East Asia (303-40350) and the population of Japan and its variants (SJP, NJP, KC, TW) (92-12292) had expanded. Futhermore, the results of STRUCTURE analysis was K=5 which indicated that Japan (SJP) had the same genetic grouping as its Taiwan (TW) variant and nana (NJP) variant. The Korean variant had no identical genotype, which could be used to identify that Korean varieties should be classified differently from the Japanese species and it also could be used as a basis for the future Korean variants to move out of this taxonomic group.
Ho, Chuan-Wen, and 何瓊紋. "The sequence divergence of mitochondrial COI gene indicate a sibling species in Octopus marginatus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from Taiwan." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92302773786884270249.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
海洋研究所
89
Abstract Sibling species are relatively common among major marine taxa, and the failure in diagnosing sibling species is often caused by lack of effective genetic markers. In this study, we examine the sequence divergence and molecular evolution of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene in octopods, and diagnose the relationship among Octopus marginatus and its morphologically similar species, O. cf. marginatus. The analysis of phylogenetic relationship includes O. aegina from the same species complex, and sequences from Genbank (O. tetricus, Hapalochlaena maculosa [Octopodinae], Graneledone verrucosa [Graneledoninae], Vitreledonella richardi [Vitreledonellidae] as an outgroup). Analysis of transitional (ts) and transversional (tv) substitutions at three codon positions of the mtCOI gene among Octopus (657 bp) and other genera show a saturated pattern (ts/tv<1) at the level above genera, but not between species (ts/tv>2), which suggests that the mtCOI gene is suitable for reconstructing species phylogeny of Octopus. Reconstructing the phylogenetic tree by maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and maximum likelihood methods indicated distinct genetic differentiation between O. marginatus and O. cf. marginatus. The sequence divergence (9.44%) reaches up to species level. After translating mtCOI DNA sequences to amino acid sequences, it also has one substitution between O. marginatus and O. cf. marginatus. Based on the mtCOI phylogeny the sibling status of the above two taxa is supported, indicating the existence of a new species of Octopus.
Rego, Carla José Azevedo. "Evolutionary divergence between two closely related species: Drosophila madeirensis and D. subobscura : quantitative genetic differentiation, reproductive barriers and evolutionary potential." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/1680.
Повний текст джерелаSpeciation and species differentiation are very important issues in Evolutionary Biology. This thesis focuses several aspects related with the differentiation between two closely related species, Drosophila madeirensis and Drosophila subosbcura, namely the contribution of additive and non-additive genetic effects to that differentiation, the contribution of assortative mating to their reproductive isolation, the analysis of hybrid developmental problems expressed as higher fluctuating asymmetry and their underlying causes (developmental noise), and the implications of species differentiation in terms of adaptation to a novel, common environment. The results indicate that negative dominance and epistasis are both involved in the genetic differentiation between these species. Both species present assortative mating, conspecific matings being more likely. Furthermore, the two reciprocal cross directions apparently present different reproductive barriers. In the cross involving D. madeirensis females the barrier is mostly prezygotic, with mating being hard to observe, however, this cross direction yields a high number of hybrids with an even sex-ratio. On the other hand, mating in the reciprocal cross is easy to observe but produces fewer hybrids with a male-biased sex ratio. The analysis comparing fluctuating asymmetry levels between hybrids and parental species indicates that, although hybridization disrupts developmental buffering, hybrid females presenting higher asymmetry, this disruption does not reflect higher developmental noise, as fluctuating asymmetry levels are similar to parental species. The results comparing species differences in life history traits and evolutionary dynamics indicate that these closely related species differ in the adaptation to new conditions (captivity). These findings have important implications for several fields, namely Evolutionary Biology, Speciation, Development and Conservation, which are discussed at the end of this thesis.
FCT (PhD Fellowship: PRAXIS XXI/BD/21479/99)
Lemmon, Alan Richard 1976. "Analytical, computational, and statistical approaches to studying speciation." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3324.
Повний текст джерела"Structure-Function Study of Telomerase RNA from Evolutionary Disparate Species: Remarkable Divergence in Gross Architecture with the Preservation of Critical Universal Structural Elements." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29772.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Molecular and Cellular Biology 2015