Дисертації з теми "Speaker variation"
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Ulrich, Natalja. "Linguistic and speaker variation in Russian fricatives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYO20031.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis represents an acoustic-phonetic investigation of phonetic details in Russian fricatives. The main aim was to detect acoustic correlates that carry linguistic and idiosyncratic information. The questions addressed were whether the place of articulation, speakers' gender and ID can be predicted by a set of acoustic cues and which acoustic measures represent the most reliable indicators. Furthermore, the distribution of speaker-specific characteristics and inter- and intra-speaker variation across acoustic cues were studied in more detail.The project started with the generation of a large audio database of Russian fricatives. Then, two follow-up analyses were conducted. Acoustic recordings were collected from 59 native Russian speakers. The resulting dataset consists of 22,561 tokens including the fricatives [f], [s], [ʃ], [x], [v], [z], [ʒ], [sj], [ɕ], [vʲ], [zʲ].The first study employed a data sample of 6320 tokens (from 40 speakers). Temporal and spectral measurements were extracted using three acoustic cue extraction techniques (full sound, the noise part, and the middle 30ms windows). Furthermore, 13 Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients were computed from the middle 30ms window.Classifiers based on single decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and neural networks were trained and tested to distinguish between the three non-palatalized fricatives [f], [s] and [ʃ].The results demonstrate that machine learning techniques are very successful at classifying the Russian voiceless non-palatalized fricatives [f], [s] and [ʃ] by using the centre of gravity and the spectral spread irrespective of contextual and speaker variation. The three acoustic cue extraction techniques performed similarly in terms of classification accuracy (93% and 99%), but the spectral measurements extracted from the noise parts resulted in slightly better accuracy. Furthermore, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients show marginally higher predictive power over spectral cues (< 2%).This suggests that both spectral measures and Mel Frequency Cepstral provide sufficient information for the classification of these fricatives and their choice depends on the particular research question or application. The second study's dataset consists of 15812 tokens (59 speakers) that contain [f], [s], [ʃ], [x], [v], [z], [ʒ], [sj], [ɕ]. As in the first study, two types of acoustic cues were extracted including 11 acoustic speech features (spectral cues, duration and HNR measures) and 13 Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients. Classifiers based on single decision trees and random forests were trained and tested to predict speakers' gender and ID
Whitehead, Douglas Fraser. "Phonation types and speaker variation in Ningbo Chinese /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?HUMA%202007%20WHITEH.
Повний текст джерелаSangster, Catherine M. "Inter- and intra-speaker variation in Liverpool English : a sociophonetic study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6d5cbd34-73ab-4c22-b341-9253eac94b3c.
Повний текст джерелаMcLaren, Mitchell Leigh. "Improving automatic speaker verification using SVM techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/32063/1/Mitchell_McLaren_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаConnolly, Patrick. "Speaker engagement in language variation and change with specific reference to north Tyrone." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602472.
Повний текст джерелаLandsman, David Maurice. "Theories of diglossia, linguistic variation and speaker attitudes, with special reference to recent developments in Modern Greek." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315932.
Повний текст джерелаMarquina, Zarauza Montserrat. "Estudio fonético-acústico de la variación inter e intrahablante de hablantes bilingües de catalán y de castellano." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398981.
Повний текст джерелаLa recerca que es presenta vol contribuir a establir la individualitat de la parla dels parlants bilingües de català i de castellà a partir de l’anàlisi dels paràmetres foneticoacústics analitzats habitualment en la pràctica de la comparació forense de parla i estudiar els efectes, en el nivell acústic, que l’ús d’una llengua o l’altra provoca en aquests paràmetres. Per tant, es vol dotar els especialistes en fonètica forense de dades foneticoacústiques noves que els permetin comparar, amb un grau més elevat de certesa, mostres de parla dubitades i indubitades en llengües diferents.
This research aims to contribute to establish the individuality of the speech of bilingual speakers in Catalan and Spanish from the analysis of acoustic-phonetic parameters commonly analyzed in the practice of forensic speech comparison and to study the effects, on the acoustic level, that the use of one language or the other produces in these parameters. Therefore, it tries to provide new acoustic-phonetic data for specialists in forensic phonetics to be compared with a greater degree of certainly known and unknown speech samples in different languages.
Domange, Raphaël. "Proficiency, language use and the debate over nativeness : A sociolinguistic survey of South Delhi English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64998.
Повний текст джерелаMalan, Roxanne. "Syllabic tone variation by Sepedi speakers with dysarthia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60384.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (M Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
M Communication Pathology
Unrestricted
Alshahwan, Majid. "Speech characteristics of Arabic speakers : dialect variations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13296/.
Повний текст джерелаAkpossan, Johanne. "La consonne /R/ comme indice de la variation lectale : cas du français en contact avec le créole guadeloupéen." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis is to determine the contribution of experimental phonetics in the identification of a lectal variety, in taking for example languages spoken in Guadeloupe. In Guadeloupe, two languages coexist : French and Creole. But in fact, there is a diversity of varieties of French on the one hand, and of Creole on the other hand. Each of these varieties goes from acrolect to basilect through mesolect : so there are a French continuum and a Creole continuum. Thus, the sociolinguistic situation of Guadeloupe can be represented by a double continuum.These different varieties of French can they be distinguished by (1) acoustic, (2) phonetic, (3) phonological (4) and perceptual characteristics of /R/ consonant? Does the contact duration with Creole have an influence on the variety of French spoken by a speaker?Our results show that the more basilectal the variety of French is, (1) the lower spectral diffusion of /R/ energy is, with a reduced rate noise and a low frequency mean; (2) the more infrequent /R/ constrictive variants are and the more common /R/ approximant variants are ; (3) the greater rates of /R/ elision in coda of syllable and /R/ realization as [w] in labial context increase ;(4) and the more the variety is perceived as having a low degree of French accent. Usually, the longer duration of the contact between French and Creole is, the more basilectal the variety of French is.If characteristics of /R/ consonant can distinguish acrolect and basilect (extreme varieties), it’s not so easy to establish a list of indications (or « lectomètres ») in order to identify varieties in the intermediate zone: mesolect has a certain unpredictability
Park, Linda Seojung. "Language varieties and variation in English usage among native Korean speakers in Seoul." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6830.
Повний текст джерелаHolm, Idamaria. "Constructing identity: phonetic variation of the variable (ing) by Swedish L2 speakers of English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-126065.
Повний текст джерелаVowell, Bianca. "The English of Māori speakers: changes in rhythm over time and prosodic variation by topic." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10371.
Повний текст джерелаYoung, Nathan. "Suburban Swedish maturing : Examining variation and perceptions among adult speakers of Swedish contemporary urban vernacular." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104642.
Повний текст джерелаHittills har unga talare varit det primära fokus för forskning av aktuell språklig variation i urbana Sverige. Denna studie bidrar till den växande mängden forskning i detta ämne genom att undersöka och rapportera om vuxna talare av det som här kallas för förortssvenska. Studien fokuserar specifikt på formella talregister bland åtta unga män från Stockholms arbetarklass, samt perception och mottagande av deras tal av två oberoende grupper av infödda lyssnare. Denna studie är den första som presenterar kvantifierbar data rörande den i tidigare forskning så kallade stackato-rytmen i förortssvenska. Starka korrelationer finns mellan, å ena sidan, prosodisk rytm mätt med the normalized pairwise variability index (nPVI) och talhastighet och, å den andra, de genomsnittliga lyssnarattityderna (R2=0,9). Det finns också en stark korrelation för nPVIs påverkan på genomsnittlig lyssnarprojicerad etnicitet (R2=0,8). Vid sidan av variation i rytm ser vi också fonemisk variation som trender mot specifika index för social identitet. Och vid sidan av variation i rytm bland talarna, finns också en stor variation inom kamratgrupperna. Förutom att den identifierar specifika lingvistiska drag, undersöker studien sociala mekanismer som framkommer i intervjuer med och kvalitativa observationer av talardeltagarna och lyssnardeltagarna. På ett explorativt sätt, lägger studien fram idéer om variation, registeromfång, meta-pragmatiska stereotyper och etniska gränsskapande för att framhäva argumentet för att behandla den aktuella förortsvariationen i svenska som en habituell avsiktlig utbyggnad av talarens identitet. Det diskuteras också indikatorer till att den aktuella urbana variationen i svenska kan vara på väg mot sociolektal stabilisering.
Marsh, Kim Wendy. "The performance of rural speakers of non-standard Afrikaans on the diagnostic evaluation of language variation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5296.
Повний текст джерелаKato, Akiko. "Interlanguage variation in pitch and forms of English negatives: The case of Japanese speakers of English." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289766.
Повний текст джерелаAnanthakrishnan, Gopal. "From Acoustics to Articulation : Study of the acoustic-articulatory relationship along with methods to normalize and adapt to variations in production across different speakers." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tal-kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-52899.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20111222
Computer-Animated language Teachers (CALATea), Audio-Visual Speech Inversion (ASPI)
梁舜德 and Shun Tak Albert Leung. "A study of some variations on the hidden Markov modelling approach to speaker independent isolated word speech recognition." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209294.
Повний текст джерелаLeung, Shun Tak Albert. "A study of some variations on the hidden Markov modelling approach to speaker independent isolated word speech recognition /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12782956.
Повний текст джерелаBenavent, Chàfer José Vicente. "Voice line-ups: Testing aural-perceptual recognition on native speakers of a foreign language." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668733.
Повний текст джерелаEl punto fundamental de esta tesis doctoral se centra en el reconocimiento y percepción de hablantes extranjeros/nativos. Para examinar dichos fenómenos, participantes de universidades británicas y españolas fueron seleccionados como jueces de las encuestas de percepción confeccionadas para este fin (ruedas de reconocimiento con tres tipos de lenguas diferenciadas: inglés, español y neerlandés), y así desentrañar las relaciones existentes entre el porcentaje de aciertos/errores en tareas de identificación y discriminación de locutores y los factores inherentes al hablante, como el perfil sociolingüístico y los parámetros acústicos pertinentes. Para ahondar nuestra comprensión de las circunstancias reales, los datos usados se ajustaron debidamente (duración reducida de grabaciones semi-espontáneas), lo que contrasta con las condiciones ideales y controladas hasta ahora empleadas en experimentos de este tipo. Desde un punto de vista metodológico, ésta es una de las principales contribuciones de la presente tesis, además de ser uno de sus retos, ya que pretende demostrar la viabilidad del análisis acústico en la discriminación de hablantes pese a las limitaciones dadas por el material analizado. Se concluye que la familiaridad del idioma no condicionó los resultados obtenidos. Aun así, las lenguas aprendidas exhibieron un comportamiento impredecible. Por otro lado, el análisis acústico produjo una tasa de errores inferior a las producidas por el jurado en pruebas deidentificación. Sin embargo, las tareas dediscriminación mostraron aún menos falsas alarmas en los participantes, con la excepción del análisis de muestras inglesas (con una tasa de error del 0%). En virtud de lo expuesto, se recomienda seguir con esta línea de investigación para verificar dichas afirmaciones. Por otro lado, las limitaciones radican en la interdisciplinariedad del reconocimiento de locutores y en la presencia de influencias coexistentes incontrolables como los estados psicológicos, la memoria y los factores medioambientales. Pese a la falta de contundencia de las pruebas estadísticas, esta tesis nos lleva un paso más cerca hacia la comprensión de las complejidades inherentes a la comparación forense de voces en casos reales mediante el análisis de habla semi-espontánea, cuya información es probablemente más difícil de analizar que la encontrada en grabaciones de laboratorio.
El punt fonamental d’aquesta tesi doctoral se centra en el reconeixement i percepció de parlants estrangers/nadius. Per a examinar aquests fenòmens, participants d’universitats britàniques i espanyoles es seleccionaren com a jutges de les enquestes de percepció confeccionades per a aquesta fi (rodes de reconeixement amb tres tipus de llengües diferenciades: anglès, espanyol i neerlandès), i així investigar les relacions existents entre el percentatge d’encerts/errors en tasques d’identificació i discriminació de locutors i els factors inherents al parlant, com el perfil sociolingüístic i els paràmetres acústics pertinents. Per a aprofundir la nostra comprensió de les circumstàncies reals, les dades emprades s’ajustaren degudament (durada reduïda de gravacions semi-espontànies), la qual cosa contrasta amb les condicions ideals i controlades que s’usaven fins ara en experiments d’aquest tipus. Des d’un punt de vista metodològic, aquesta és una de les contribucions principals de la present tesi, a més de ser un dels seus reptes, ja que pretén demostrar la viabilitat de l’anàlisi acústica en la discriminació de parlants malgrat les limitacions donades pel material analitzat. Es conclou que la familiaritat de l’idioma no ha condicionat els resultats obtinguts. Així i tot, les llengües apreses exhibiren un comportament impredictible. D’altra banda, l’anàlisi acústica causa una taxa d’error inferior a les produïdes pel jurat en proves d’identificació. No obstant això, les tasques de discriminació mostraren encara menys falses alarmes en els participants, amb l’excepció de l’anàlisi en mostres angleses (amb una taxa d’error del 0%). Tenint en compte l’anterior, es recomana seguir amb aquesta línia de recerca per poder verificar les afirmacions ja esmentades. Encara més, les limitacions radiquen en la interdisciplinarietat del reconeixement de locutors i en la presència d’influències coexistents incontrolables com els estats psicològics, la memòria i els factors mediambientals. Malgrat la insuficient contundència de les proves estadístiques, aquesta tesi ens porta un pas més prop cap a la comprensió de les complexitats inherents a la comparació forense de veus en casos reals mitjançant l’anàlisi de parla semi-espontània, la informació de la qual és probablement més difícil d’analitzar que el que s’enregistra a les mostres de laboratori.
Gran, Betty Jean. "A study of language attitudes in Hong Kong: Cantonese speakers' response to English and Cantonese on thetelephone." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31949034.
Повний текст джерелаJohansson, Falck Marlene. "Metaphor variation across L1 and L2 speakers of English : Do differences at the level of linguistic metaphor matter?" Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-52534.
Повний текст джерелаEmbodiment of Motion Metaphors
Dunn, Robert Lowell. "Plenty too much Chinese food: variation in adjective and intensifier choice in native and non-native speakers of English." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13921.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Modern Languages
Mary T. Copple
Adjective use and intensification by native speakers of English has been the subject of much study, yet intensification strategies used by non-native speakers have received relatively less attention. The present study compares adjective use by five native English speakers with that of five English L2 speakers at Kansas State University in order to describe in detail how learner patterns of use differ from those of native speakers living in the same community. From conversational data, adjectives were extracted and analyzed for linguistic features such as adjective class, and use of intensification. Results quantify how the non-native speakers have access to a smaller set of adjectives than native speakers, and how those sets differ. Interestingly, the L2 speakers intensify their adjectives at a higher rate than native speakers, again employing a smaller set. The types of adjectives used by the two groups differed in significant ways, with native speakers using more precise, contextually-specific evaluative adjectives such as crappy, elite, retarded, and obsessed, while non-native speakers used more generic adjectives such as happy, nice, long, and famous. The generalized nature of these adjectives, as well as the smaller number of lexemes at the non-native speakers’ disposal, may account for the increased rate of intensification shown by the non-native speakers. Specifically, the depth and complexity of meaning required for conversational interaction is more often handled by native speakers via a variety of specialized adjectives, while non-native speakers must rely more on adjective intensification in order to convey subtle differences in meaning. These results help us better understand how advanced learner language compares to native use. Implications for English language teaching include, but are not limited to, new insight into the types of adjectives taught for conversational English, explicit teaching of intensification strategies, and teaching learners how to construct compound adjectives.
Wileman, Bruce. "Regional variation in South African English : a socio-phonetic comparison of young white speakers in Cape Town and Durban." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11442.
Повний текст джерелаDyson, Bronwen Patricia, University of Western Sydney, and of Arts Education and Social Sciences College. "Developmental style in second language processing : a study of inter-learner variation in the acquisition of English as a second language." THESIS_CAESS_XXX_Dyson_B.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/817.
Повний текст джерелаDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Berwick, Richard. "The effect of task variation in teacher-led groups on repair of English as a foreign language." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29230.
Повний текст джерелаEducation, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
Drummond, Rob John. "Sociolinguistic variation in a second language : the influence of local accent on the pronunciation of non-native English speakers living in Manchester." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sociolinguistic-variation-in-a-second-language-the-influence-of-local-accent-on-the-pronunciation-of-nonnative-english-speakers-living-in-manchester(614f2f75-4705-4cc0-a93a-4b1914a88e04).html.
Повний текст джерелаGavaldà, Ferré Núria. "Index of idiolectal similitude for the phonological module of English applied to forensic speech comparison." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123775.
Повний текст джерелаAquesta tesi doctoral s’emmarca dins l’àrea comú on es troben els camps de la sociolingüística de la variació i la lingüística forense, en la qual es troba l’estudi de la variació entre diferents individus –variació inter-parlant– i la variació en del mateix individu –variació intra-parlant– amb finalitats forenses. La investigació té dos objectius principals. D’una banda, es proposa el protocol per a la creació d’un Índex de Similitud Idiolectal (ISI) per al mòdul fonològic de l’anglès que pot determinar de manera efectiva si dues mostres orals mostren variació inter-parlant –que indicaria que les mostres haurien estat produïdes per dos individus diferents– o variació intra-parlant –la qual cosa portaria a concloure que les mostres haurien estat produïdes pel mateix individu. D’altra banda, l’anàlisi de les catorze variables proposades en un corpus que conté setze parlants i que està estratificat per temps de mesura –com a resultat d’un estudi en temps real–, contacte de llengües i gènere biològic, comporta una contribució important a la referència de distribució poblacional (Base Rate Knowledge) que constitueix un dels grans reptes de la lingüística forense actual. Els resultats mostren que la variació inter-parlant és generalment més alta que la intra-parlant, i que l’estil idiolectal d’un individu es manté relativament estable malgrat el pas del temps. Per tant, l’ISI es presenta com una eina quantitativa innovadora que, juntament amb altres tècniques quantitatives i qualitatives que el lingüista forense pot tenir a la seva disposició, pot ajudar a prendre una decisió sobre la probabilitat que dues mostres hagin estat produïdes o no pel mateix parlant.
Awoonor-Aziaku, Lena [Verfasser], Henning [Gutachter] Reetz та Reiner [Gutachter] Voßen. "Variation study of the Received Pronunciation (RP) vowel phonemes /e/, /ɜ:/ and /ə/, among Ewe Speakers of English in Ghana / Lena Awoonor-Aziaku ; Gutachter: Henning Reetz, Reiner Voßen". Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172811288/34.
Повний текст джерелаMiyagi, Kazufumi. "Japanese EFL teachers' perceptions of nonnative varieties of English : are they ready to include other Englishes in their classrooms?" Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98560.
Повний текст джерелаThe findings suggested that in-service teachers showed more ambivalent attitudes toward nonnative varieties than student-teachers did; although the teachers acknowledged potential benefits of nonnative Englishes for the future use of EIL, they showed hesitation in regarding different Englishes as instructional models to be exposed to students. However, the study also showed participants' interest in introducing other Englishes as awareness-raising models. The possibility of inclusion of nonnative varieties was further discussed.
Broomfield, Ariane. "The theory of interlanguage phonology and its applicability to the acquisition of German by native speakers of English : an analysis of phonetic variation and development among university students of German." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416424.
Повний текст джерелаFourar, Fatima Zohra. "Influence de la variable générationnelle sur les interactions langagières : changements linguistiques et conflits culturels entre générations en Algérie et en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0273.
Повний текст джерелаThe interactions and living together of generations aim to the sharing of public places and living spaces, on the scale of a family, a city, a social or cultural framework. But this does not prevent that there may be changes in the transmission of values and intergenerational traditions, with the introduction of new technologies, in the daily lives of individuals. Due to this mix of generations, urban/rural relations and the sharing of an appropriate space, private/public, gave rise to identity competition and a change in the language practices of individuals. Attias-Donfut (1995), Arrondel and Masson (1999), among others, admit that the mobilization of language resources, the know-how of actors in the prevention of social risks and the construction of collective responses, have a positive impact on social development.In this study, we gave priority to language sciences to see if we can address the issue of linguistic change at the theoretical and descriptive levels. Thus, we try to answer these questions: What is the impact of this new code or of this new popular French on the French language in general and on language exchanges in particular, between the generation of yesterday noted X (1960-1980) and today’s Y (1980-1997)? How do the speaker and interlocutor of these two generations respond to their language needs? What are the factors for the evolution of linguistic situations? How do they act? And what do they suggest? Finally, on what basis should we decide that the differences between linguistic situations are the product of changes and not substitutions/transformations? The objective of this work is to experiment with a theoretical modeling of the intergenerational discursive marks, relating to the characteristic facts of a generation, a territory, a linguistic change and language practices. Indeed, a language can exist only because its speakers preserve its existence through linguistic practices, represented and/or effective. Two different descriptive and analytical experiments were carried out to analyze and discuss the relationship between linguistic change and contemporary language variations, in particular linguistic and sociolinguistic awareness. A detailed study is proposed for this purpose. It includes: 1. On the Declared Language Practices (Representations) side, a semi-directive survey in the form of interviews based on two different pre-determined questionnaires with a separate audience in two different territories in Algeria, University of Batna 2, and in France, the University of Lorraine-Metz; 2. On the Effective Language Practices side, media representations, in the form of an analytical study of a variety and entertainment program, available on the TF1 television channel, Koh-Lanta «The Clash of Generations» 2017. We have identified the analytical grids of this program, located in time and space, as well as the intergenerational language practices as represented by the media
McCourt, Claire A. "Learner use of French second-person pronouns in synchronous electronic communication." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9753/.
Повний текст джерелаRodrigues, Thais Leal. "Variação linguística e o ensino de português brasileiro a hispanofalantes: a representação do complemento verbal." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3792.
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Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada sobre o ensino da representação do complemento verbal a falantes de espanhol, seja o objeto direto, seja o objeto indireto, fato linguístico variável na língua portuguesa do Brasil (PB). O trabalho consiste em uma análise de materiais didáticos de ensino de português para estrangeiros (PLE), com o intuito de verificar como são apresentados e ensinados os complementos verbais, nos referidos materiais, e averiguar se a variação linguística é contemplada no tratamento desse tema. A pesquisa se apoia nos preceitos da Sociolinguística. Segundo essa teoria, todas as línguas variam, portanto são heterogêneas. Entretanto, a heterogeneidade linguística não representa um caos, pois é possível sistematizar a variação. No âmbito da aplicação pedagógica de tais conceitos, encontramos respaldo na Sociolinguística Educacional, de Bortoni-Ricardo. A linguista preconiza um ensino de língua materna bidialetal, isto é, uma didática que parte do dialeto do aluno, sem preconceitos, para então ampliar sua competência linguística. A metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa é qualitativa, de classificação bibliográfica. Foram analisados dez livros de ensino PLE, publicados ou editados a partir do ano 2000, a fim de verificar se os estudos linguísticos influenciaram a produção dos materiais, no concernente ao tratamento do tema da representação do complemento verbal. Constatamos que já se percebe certa evolução na elaboração da maioria dos livros analisados, que já tratam da variação linguística de alguma forma. Contudo, comprovamos que ainda se faz necessário dar importância a esse tema e não abordá-lo apenas em notas e advertências, sem o imprescindível esclarecimento do conceito de adequação linguística. Não basta apresentar as variantes, é necessário aprofundar a discussão sobre o tema, de acordo com a necessidade do corpo discente. Com relação especificamente ao preenchimento do complemento verbal, essa pesquisa comprovou que ainda há um predomínio de uma visão normativa, pois a grande maioria só menciona a variante padrão (clíticos), deixando de lado a variante mais utilizada pelos brasileiros (objeto nulo), embora quase todos os materiais se proponham a ensinar língua falada
This master’s degree thesis presents the results of the research, conducted on the teaching of the verbal complement representation to Spanish speakers, as either direct object or indirect object, a variable linguistic fact in the Brazilian Portuguese (BP) language. The study consists of an analysis of Portuguese as Foreign Language (PFL) educational materials, aimed at verifying how verbal complements are presented and taught, in said materials, and investigating if linguistic variation is contemplated and addressed in this topic. The study is based on the precepts of Sociolinguistics. According to this theory, all languages vary, therefore they are heterogeneous. However, linguistic heterogeneity does not represent chaos, as it is possible to systematize variation. Regarding the educational application of such concepts, we find support in the Educational Sociolinguistics, of Bortoni-Ricardo. The linguist advocates a two-way maternal language teaching, that is, a didactic that starts from the student's dialect, without prejudice, and then broadens their linguistic competence. The methodology used in the development of this study is qualitative, of literature classification. Ten PFL (Portuguese as a Foreign Language) teaching books were analyzed. These books have been published or edited from the year 2000, in order to verify if the linguistic studies influenced the production of materials, regarding the treatment of the verbal complement representation topic. We can see that some progress has already been made in the elaboration of most of the analyzed books, which already deal with linguistic variation in some way. However, we have shown that it is still necessary to give importance to this issue and not only address it in notes and warnings, without the indispensable clarification of the concept of linguistic adequacy. It is not enough to present the variants, it is necessary to deepen the discussion on the subject, according to the need of the student body. With respect to the completion of the verbal complement, this research proved that there is still a predominance of a normative view, since the great majority only mentions the standard variant (clitics), leaving aside the most used variant for Brazilians (null object), although almost all materials are aimed to teach spoken language
Souza, Gládisson Garcia Aragão. "Palatalização de oclusivas alveolares em Sergipe." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5843.
Повний текст джерелаA variação na realização dos fonemas /t/ e /d/ tem sido objeto de diversos estudos no português brasileiro (HORA, 1990; ABAURRE; PAGOTTO, 2002; PAULA, 2006; BATTISTI et al, 2007; PIRES, 2007; DUTRA, 2007; MATTÉ, 2009; SOUZA NETO, 2014, dentre outros), que sinalizam para o condicionamento diatópico do fenômeno. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para a descrição da variedade do falar sergipano, considerando aspectos fonético-fonológicos de três comunidades linguísticas do estado de Sergipe. Para tanto, tomamos como objeto de estudo a variação das consoantes /t/ e /d/ diante da vogal alta anterior não arredondada /i/, onde são produzidas como africadas palato-alveolares (/t/ e /d/) como [‘tia], [‘dent], [ci’dad], [i’dad] produzidas por informantes de Aracaju, Itabaiana e Lagarto. Para esse estudo, foram tomadas 60 entrevistas sociolinguísticas de universitários do banco de dados Falares Sergipanos, estratificadas quanto ao sexo/gênero e localidade. A pesquisa toma como base a Teoria da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, [1972]; 2008) e a Teoria de Uso (BYBEE, 2001). Para Labov, a língua é assumida como heterogênea, condicionada a restrições no que se refere ao contexto linguístico e social. Segundo a Fonologia de Uso, as mudanças sonoras são fonética e lexicamente graduais. A representação na memória dos indivíduos é afetada pelos tokens, a língua passa por diversas reestruturações, e muda de acordo com as experiências e com o uso. No que remete o processo de variação da palatalização, essa passa por ajustes fonéticos de propriedades e gestos articulatórios. Como resultados, a seleção estatística referente às variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas, por ordem de relevância no condicionamento foi a: Grupo geográfico, Contexto Fonológico Precedente; Sexo/Gênero; Entrevistador; Sonoridade; e Posição da Sílaba Tônica. O grupo geográfico é o que mais favorece a palatalização de oclusivas alveolares: Aracaju e Itabaiana foram os que mais favoreceram a palatalização, o que evidencia a variação diatópica. A consoante sibilante é o fator do contexto fonológico antecedente que mais favorece a palatalização das oclusivas alveolares. Quanto ao Sexo/Gênero, as mulheres palatalizaram com mais frequência que os homens, considerando que mulheres tendem a usar a variante de prestígio, é possível inferir que as mulheres estão conduzindo a mudança. Em relação à variável entrevistador, esse não favorece o efeito gatilho uma vez que os entrevistadores que não palatalizam aparecem mais favorecedores da palatalização. E quanto à variável sonoridade, o fator surdo foi o que mais motivou a palatalização nos grupos geográficos analisados. Em ambas as rodas tal fator mostrou-se mais motivador para a palatalização. E a posição da sílaba tônica, manifestaram mais favoráveis a aplicação da palatalização das oclusivas dentais a postônica não final e a pretônica. Os dados da análise acústica revelam a existência de gradientes entre a produção entre a forma plena e o padrão inovador, o que sugere uma mudança em progresso.
Lin, Tai-Ming, and 林泰名. "Pronunciation Variation Modeling and Analysis Including Integration with Speaker Adaptation Techniques for Mandarin Broadcast News." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65560022060084186925.
Повний текст джерелаHsu, Cheng-Wei, and 徐正威. "Deep Variational Manifold Learning for Speaker Recognition." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70447897972759145747.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
電機工程學系
105
Traditionally, speaker recognition system using i-vector as the speaker feature vector and the probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) as the scoring function has achieved state-of-the-art performance in many tasks. PLDA is seen as a linear model which is trained under the assumption that the same speaker shares a common low dimensional latent variable space where i-vectors of all speakers are transformed and represented in this space. No discriminative learning is performed. PLDA is estimated according to the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm by maximizing the likelihood using a whole set of training data. Basically, the speaker model based on PLDA may be constrained due to the linear assumption, shallow representation, high dimensionality, non-discriminative and batch learning. In this study, we propose a deep manifold neural network to deal with these constraints. A deep latent variable model based on the variational auto-encoder is incorporated to conduct the discriminative manifold learning and scoring for speaker recognition. Manifold learning aims to learn for a low-dimensional representation from its high-dimensional observation data, e.g. i-vector, where the objective for neighbor embedding is optimized. Speaker label can be introduced to enforce those observations in low-dimensional space to be close within the same speaker and apart across different speakers. To further strengthen the system performance, such a supervised manifold learning can be realized as a deep latent variable model due to twofold considerations. First, deep neural network is considered to reflect the complicated characteristics within speakers and between speakers. Secondly, a latent variable model is considered to explore the latent structure and compensate the uncertainty region of a deep model which is trained via a stochastic back-propagation algorithm from mini-batches of speaker utterances. To tackle these considerations, we develop a deep variational manifold learning for speaker recognition. The variational inference is implemented to carry out a latent variable speaker model. Importantly, we develop a new manifold learning framework based on a variational auto-encoder (VAE). This VAE consists of an encoder which transforms the original data into latent variables and a decoder which projects the latent features back to the recovered data. The nonlinear mapping between high-dimensional observation and low-dimensional latent variable is learned to faithfully reflect intra and inter speaker characteristics. We also mimic a PLDA model by imposing a linear transformation in the decoding step of VAE. The means and variances of latent variables are estimated from the training i-vectors by maximizing the variational lower bound of log likelihood function. A shared neural network for different speakers is established accordingly. In particular, we introduce a Bernoulli variable to indicate the class information of each pair of i-vectors and use this latent variable to express the attraction and the repulsion for those low-dimensional samples within the same speaker and between two different speakers, respectively. Correspondingly, we build a stochastic neighbor embedding approach by using a neural network as encoder and a linear transform as decoder. A hybrid generative and discriminative model is constructed for deep manifold learning and applied for i-vector based speaker recognition. The proposed method is evaluated by the experiments on speaker recognition based on the NIST i-vector Machine Learning Challenge.
Shaver, Clark D. "Effects of equipment variations on speaker recognition error rates." 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Shaver_okstate_0664M_10618.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGu, Jhen-Jhan, and 辜振展. "Gender and Age Recognitions of Speakers Improved by Tone-Variation Characteristics." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34047733292960887317.
Повний текст джерела國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
101
In this work, we adopt arousal intensity based on tone-variation characteristics to improve gender and age recognitions. During the study, we employ technical methods which gradually approach our goal systematically. The recognition steps include database building with pre-processing, feature extraction with characteristic analyses, arousal triggered by tone-variation, feature selection and recognition. In the beginning, we consider tone-variation characteristics because of the speech signals have the mood of a speaker. Speakers’ utterances with emotions are analyzed to identify their gender and age where the recognition engine utilizes a Support Vector Machine (SVM). According to the experimental results, the accuracies of gender and age recognitions under a low-arousal emotion tend to be worse and better than those under a high-arousal emotion, respectively. Restated, gender and age recognitions are likely to adopt high and low arousal intensities of emotions, respectively. In practical applications, a specific emotion may not appear in a speaker’s utterance. Hence, according to tone-variation characteristics, speech frames of a speaker’s utterance are classified into two groups which are above and below the mean of arousal intensities of speech frames. After that, due to the difference of speakers’ utterances, we adopt Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) where Probability Density Function (PDF) models the distribution of arousal intensities of speech frames. In order to get better modeling curve, we choose several numbers of Gaussian distributions, and make a good use of feature selection methods. Our experiments reveal that gender and age recognitions can be better than those without considering arousal inspired and feature selection by 1.7% and 10.8% improvements, respectively. Moreover, the accuracies of gender and age recognitions can reach 98.9% and 71.6%, and especially 99% and 72.5% under the condition that arousal intensities are classified by three GMMs, respectively. In the experiments, we use many databases to verify our method so that the proposed approaches and experimental results are fair and reliability. Furthermore, compared with features, approaches and accuracy of the prior art, our work get better performance to a certain extent. In the future, the proposed gender and age recognitions can be beneficial to human-computer interface and multimedia applications.
Enríquez, García Ildara. "Variation and clitic placement among Galician neofalantes." Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8424.
Повний текст джерелаGraduate
2018-07-31
"Phonological variation of consonants by Hong Kong Cantonese speakers of English: a sociolinguistic perspective." Thesis, 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075323.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-277).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
Points, Kathleen M. "Language use in East Austin, Texas." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21194.
Повний текст джерелаtext
"/n/ and /l/ variation in onset position in English and Cantonese by Hong Kong Cantonese speakers of English." 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893659.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-150).
Abstracts in English and Chinese; includes Chinese characters in appendix.
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.i
ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1. --- Background to this Study --- p.1
Chapter 1.2. --- Purpose and Significance of this Study --- p.2
Chapter 1.3. --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.3
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.5
Chapter 2.2. --- /n/ and /l/ in English and Cantonese --- p.5
Chapter 2.3. --- /n/ and /l/ Variation in Cantonese --- p.6
Chapter 2.4. --- /n/ and /l/ Variation in Hong Kong English --- p.7
Chapter 2.5. --- Language Transfer --- p.10
Chapter 2.6. --- English Perception and Production by L2 Speakers --- p.20
Chapter 2.7. --- Task Type --- p.34
Chapter 2.8. --- Linguistic Environment --- p.40
Chapter 2.9. --- Language Proficiency --- p.43
Chapter 2.10. --- Summary --- p.45
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.48
Chapter 3.2. --- Research Questions --- p.48
Chapter 3.3. --- Research Methodology --- p.50
Chapter 3.3.1. --- Participants --- p.50
Chapter 3.3.2. --- Materials and Procedure --- p.50
Chapter 3.3.3. --- Data Recording and Data Transcription --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.4. --- "Data Coding, Data Scoring and Data Analysis" --- p.56
Chapter 3.4. --- Summary --- p.57
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- FINDINGS
Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.59
Chapter 4.2. --- General Results in Descriptive Statistics --- p.60
Chapter 4.2.1. --- General Finding of English Production and Perception --- p.60
Chapter 4.2.1.1. --- Production of /n/and /l/ in Different Task Types --- p.63
Chapter 4.2.1.2. --- Production of /n/ and /l/ in Different Following Linguistic Environments --- p.66
Chapter 4.2.1.3. --- Production of /n/ and /l/ with the Presence of a Second /n/ --- p.68
Chapter 4.2.1.4. --- Production of /n/ and /l/ by Three Groups of Participants --- p.69
Chapter 4.2.2. --- General Finding of Cantonese Production and Perception --- p.72
Chapter 4.3. --- Results of VARBRUL Statistics --- p.76
Chapter 4.3.1. --- Result of Accurate Production of /n/ --- p.81
Chapter 4.3.2. --- Result of /n/ to /l/ Variation --- p.83
Chapter 4.3.3. --- Result of Accurate Production of /l/ --- p.84
Chapter 4.3.4. --- Result of /l/ to /n/ Variation --- p.85
Chapter 4.4. --- Descriptive and VARBRUL Statistical Results regarding Four Research Questions --- p.87
Chapter 4.4.1. --- Data for Research Question 1: To what extent does /n/ and /l/ variation of Cantonese play a role in /n/ and /l/ variation in the onset positionin English? --- p.88
Chapter 4.4.2. --- Data for Research Question 2: How significant is English perception for English production? --- p.91
Chapter 4.4.3. --- "Data for Research Question 3: How do Cantonese speakers of English perform in different task types (word list, passage, and natural speech) and is task type significant for English production?" --- p.94
Chapter 4.4.4. --- "Data for Research Question 4: Which linguistic and/or non-linguistic factors, such as the linguistic environment, the presence of a second /n/ within the same syllable, and English proficiency/university major, may have an influence on /n/ and /l/ production in English?" --- p.95
Chapter 4.5. --- Summary --- p.99
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- DISCUSSION
Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.100
Chapter 5.2. --- Research Question 1: To what extent does /n/ and /l/ variation of Cantonese play a role in /n/ and /l/ variation in the onset position in English? --- p.100
Chapter 5.2.1. --- Discussion about /n/ and /l/ Variation in Cantonese --- p.101
Chapter 5.2.2. --- Discussion about /n/ and /l/ Variation in English --- p.109
Chapter 5.2.3. --- Transfer of /n/ and /l/ Variation in Cantonese to /n/ and /l/ variationin English --- p.113
Chapter 5.3. --- Research Question 2: How significant is English perception for English production? --- p.117
Chapter 5.4. --- "Research Question 3: How do Cantonese speakers of English perform in different task types (word list,passage, and natural speech) and is task type significant for English production?" --- p.124
Chapter 5.5. --- "Research Question 4: Which linguistic and/or non-linguistic factors, such as the linguistic environment, the presence of a second /n/ within the same syllable, and English proficiency/university major, may have an influence on /n/ and /l/ production in English?" --- p.128
Chapter 5.6. --- Summary --- p.137
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION
Chapter 6.1. --- Introduction --- p.142
Chapter 6.1.1. --- Pedagogical Implication --- p.142
Chapter 6.1.2. --- Limitations of the Current Study --- p.144
Chapter 6.1.3. --- Suggestions for Further Studies --- p.145
REFERENCES --- p.147
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
Liu, Pei-Xin, and 劉佩鑫. "A Study of the Variation of the Use of cos/because by Native and Non-native Speakers of English." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x4jfxh.
Повний текст джерела靜宜大學
英國語文學系研究所
97
This aim of this research is to examine how the use of cos/because by eight native, four near-native and ten non-native speakers of English are accounted for by various internal linguistic factors and external social factors. The data was collected from conversations with the participants. The quantitative VARBRUL rule analysis was conducted through GoldVarb 3.0 to analyze the spoken data. The results of this study showed that speakers tended to use cos as non-subordinator while because was generally used as subordinator. However, the research showed that it was not age, sex, English proficiency and social networks that influenced how speakers used cos/because, but their personal speaking style. Some speakers used cos more often to shorten the social distance if his/her interlocutors used it frequently while others used cos more often when talking about personal feelings. Moreover, there was also a direct correlation between English proficiency and the use of cos/because; non-native and near-native speakers used cos much less than native-speakers, in some cases not at all. This can be accounted for by two factors: lack of authenticity, and lack of communicative competence in an EFL learning environment. The findings of this study are significant in terms of discovering how linguistic and social factors affect the use of cos/because, as well as in providing English teachers with a better understanding of what should be covered in their teaching.
Julca, Guerrero Felix Claudio. "Variación dialectal del Quechua en el Callejón de Huaylas desde las perspectivas de la lingüística y de los hablantes." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1020.
Повний текст джерелаtext
"Subject Pronoun Expression in an L2-only Environment: The Case of Equatorial Guinea." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57210.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Spanish 2020
Dyson, Bronwen P. "Developmental style in second language processing : a study of inter-learner variation in the acquisition of English as a second language." Thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/817.
Повний текст джерелаSpofana, Dumisani Godfrey. "Learners’ texts : a portrayal of the influence of certain varieties of isiXhosa on English texts and vice versa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4906.
Повний текст джерелаAfrican Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)