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Toups, Matthew A. "A study of three paradigms for storing geospatial data: distributed-cloud model, relational database, and indexed flat file." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and related applications of geospatial data were once a small software niche; today nearly all Internet and mobile users utilize some sort of mapping or location-aware software. This widespread use reaches beyond mere consumption of geodata; projects like OpenStreetMap (OSM) represent a new source of geodata production, sometimes dubbed “Volunteered Geographic Information.” The volume of geodata produced and the user demand for geodata will surely continue to grow, so the storage and query techniques for geospatial data must evolve accordingly.
This thesis compares three paradigms for systems that manage vector data. Over the past few decades these methodologies have fallen in and out of favor. Today, some are considered new and experimental (distributed), others nearly forgotten (flat file), and others are the workhorse of present-day GIS (relational database). Each is well-suited to some use cases, and poorly-suited to others. This thesis investigates exemplars of each paradigm.
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Cooper, A. K. (Antony Kyle). "Standards for exchanging digital geo-referenced information." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this dissertation is to assess digital geo-referenced information and standards for exchanging such information, especially the South African National Exchange Standard (NES). The process of setting up a standard is exacting. On the one hand, the process demands a thorough scrutiny and analysis of the objects to be standardised and of all related concepts. This is a prerequisite for ensuring that there is unanimity about their meaning and inter-relationships. On the other hand, the process requires that the standard itself be enunciated as succinctly, comprehensibly and precisely as possible. This dissertation addresses both these facets of the standards process in the context of standards for exchanging digital geo-referenced information. The dissertation begins with an analysis of geo-referenced information in general, including digital geo-referenced information. In chapters 2 and 3, the various aspects of such information are scrutinised and evaluated in more detail. The examination of concepts is backed up by a comprehensive Glossary of terms in the domain under discussion. Chapter 4 examines the nature of standards. It also proposes a novel way to approach a standard for the exchange of digital geo-referenced information: namely, that it can be viewed as a language and can accordingly be specified by a grammar. To illustrate the proposal, NES is fully specified, using the Extended Backus-Naur Form notation, in an Appendix. Apart from the advantages of being a succinct and precise formal specification, the approach also lends itself to deploying standard tools such as Lex and yacc for conformance testing and for developing interfaces to NES, as illustrated in a second appendix. As a final theme of the dissertation, an evaluation of such standards is provided. Other standards that have been proposed elsewhere for purposes similar to that of NES are surveyed in chapter 5. In chapter 6, features of NES are highlighted, including the fact that it takes a relational approach. Chapter 7 concludes the dissertation, summarising the work to date, and looking ahead to future work. AFRIKAANS : Die doel van hierdie verhandling is om versyferde geo-verwysde inligting en standaarde vir die uitruil van sulke inligting te ondersoek, met spesifieke verwysing na die Suid- Afrikaanse Nasionale Uitruilstandaard (NES). Die proses om ’n standaard op te stel is veeleisend. Aan die een kant vereis die proses ’n volledige bestudering en ontleding van die objekte wat gestandaardiseer gaan word, asook van al die verwante konsepte. Hierdie is ’n voorvereiste om te verseker dat daar oor hul betekenisse en onderlinge verwantskappe eenstemmigheid bestaan. Aan die ander kant vereis die proses dat die standaard so kernagtig, volledig en presies moontlik gestel moet word. Hierdie verhandeling spreek beide hierdie fasette van die standaardiseringsproses aan, en wel in die konteks van standaarde vir die uitruil van versyferde geo-verwysde inligting. Dié verhandling begin met ’n oorhoofse analise van geo-verwysde inligting, insluitend versyferde geo-verwysde inligting. In hoofstukke 2 en 3 word verskeie aspekte van dié inligting in meer detail ondersoek en geëvalueer. Hierdie ondersoek van konsepte word deur ’n omvattende woordelys van terme in die veld onder bespreking gesteun. Hoofstuk 4 ondersoek die aard van standaarde. Dit stel ook ’n nuwe manier voor om ’n standaard vir die uitruil van versyferde geo-verwysde inligting te benader, naamlik dat dit as ’n taal beskou kan word, en dat dit gevolglik deur middel van ’n grammatika gespesifiseer kan word. Om die voorstel te illustreer, word NES volledig in ’n aanhangsel deur middel van die Uitgebreide Backus-Naur Vorm notasie gespesifiseer. Afgesien van die voordeel van ’n kernagtige en presiese formele spesifikasie, ondersteun die benadering ook standaardgereedskap soos Lex en yacc wat vir konformeringstoetsing en vir NES koppelvlakke gebruik kan word, soos in ’n tweede aanhangsel illustreer word. As ’n finale tema van die verhandeling word ’n evaluasie van tersaaklike standaarde voorsien. Standaarde wat elders vir soortgelyke doeleindes aan dié van NES voorgestel is, word oorsigtelik in hoofstuk 5 beskou. In hoofstuk 6 word kenmerkende eienskappe van NES uitgelig, insluitend die feit dat dit op ’n relasionele benadering gebaseer is. Hoofstuk 7 sluit die verhandeling af met ’n opsomming van werk tot op datum en ’n blik op toekomstige werk.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 1993.
Computer Science
unrestricted
3
Dube, Matthew P. "An Embedding Graph for 9-Intersection Topological Spatial Relations." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DubeMP2009.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Vempala, Alakananda. "Extracting Temporally-Anchored Spatial Knowledge." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505146/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In my dissertation, I elaborate on the work that I have done to extract temporally-anchored spatial knowledge from text, including both intra- and inter-sentential knowledge. I also detail multiple approaches to infer spatial timeline of a person from biographies and social media. I present and analyze two strategies to annotate information regarding whether a given entity is or is not located at some location, and for how long with respect to an event. Specifically, I leverage semantic roles or syntactic dependencies to generate potential spatial knowledge and then crowdsource annotations to validate the potential knowledge. The resulting annotations indicate how long entities are or are not located somewhere, and temporally anchor this spatial information. I present an in-depth corpus analysis and experiments comparing the spatial knowledge generated by manipulating roles or dependencies. In my work, I also explore research methodologies that go beyond single sentences and extract spatio-temporal information from text. Spatial timelines refer to a chronological order of locations where a target person is or is not located. I present corpus and experiments to extract spatial timelines from Wikipedia biographies. I present my work on determining locations and the order in which they are actually visited by a person from their travel experiences. Specifically, I extract spatio-temporal graphs that capture the order (edges) of locations (nodes) visited by a person. Further, I detail my experiments that leverage both text and images to extract spatial timeline of a person from Twitter.
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Eriksson, Louise. "An experimental investigation of the relation between learning and separability in spatial representations." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-622.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One way of modeling human knowledge is by using multidimensional spaces, in which an object is represented as a point in the space, and the distances among the points reflect the similarities among the represented objects. The distances are measured with some metric, commonly some instance of the Minkowski metric. The instances differ with the magnitude of the so-called r-parameter. The instances most commonly mentioned in the literature are the ones where r equals 1, 2 and infinity.
Cognitive scientists have found out that different metrics are suited to describe different dimensional combinations. From these findings an important distinction between integral and separable dimensions has been stated (Garner, 1974). Separable dimensions, e.g. size and form, are best described by the city-block metric, where r equals 1, and integral dimensions, such as the color dimensions, are best described by the Euclidean metric, where r equals 2. Developmental psychologists have formulated a hypothesis saying that small children perceive many dimensional combinations as integral whereas adults perceive the same combinations as separable. Thus, there seems to be a shift towards increasing separability with age or maturity.
Earlier experiments show the same phenomenon in adult short-term learning with novel stimuli. In these experiments, the stimuli were first perceived as rather integral and were then turning more separable, indicated by the Minkowski-r. This indicates a shift towards increasing separability with familiarity or skill.
This dissertation aims at investigating the generality of this phenomenon. Five similarity-rating experiments are conducted, for which the best fitting metric for the first half of the session is compared to the last half of the session. If the Minkowski-r is lower for the last half compared to the first half, it is considered to indicate increasing separability.
The conclusion is that the phenomenon of increasing separability during short-term learning cannot be found in these experiments, at least not given the operational definition of increasing separability as a function of a decreasing Minkowski-r. An alternative definition of increasing separability is suggested, where an r-value ‘retreating’ 2.0 indicates increasing separability, i.e. when the r-value of the best fitting metric for the last half of a similarity-rating session is further away from 2.0 compared to the first half of the session.
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Khalili, Shavarini Nazanin. "Analysis of spatio-social relations in a photographic archive (Flickr)." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2725/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis aims to study and analyse the complex spatio-social relations among social entities who interact together in a spatially structured social group. This aim is approached in three steps: 1. Collecting and classifying spatio-social data, 2. Disambiguating place names that people use to refer to their homes and 3. Analysis of data of this kind (numerical and visual). The source of spatio-social data used in this work is Flickr. Flickr is a yahoo photo sharing site. Users have a social network of friends and a collection of photos on their profiles. According to available statistics1 the Flickr database contains more than three billion photos, out of which a hundred million are geo-tagged. In retrieving data from Flickr database two different samples have been explored. Initially a random collection of photos that have been uploaded in Flickr during the examined periods has been collected on a daily basis. This is followed by much narrower and more precise criteria for the second data sampling that resulted in Flickr sample GB data. The thesis concludes that location dominates a significant pattern in online behavior of social entities who interact together via internet. The core contributions of this thesis are in the areas of: 1. Extracting indicative sample from very large data sets, 2. Disambiguation of place names that people use in their natural language to refer to their home locations and 3. Proposing potential new insights into behaviors of social entities with spatio-social relations. Overall, the popularity of social networking sites and availability of data that can be obtained from the web (whether people provide voluntarily or can be retrieve as a consequence of online interactions) are likely to continue the increasing trend in future. In addition, the realm of spatio-social data analysis and its visualization also continue to expand, as do the types of maps that are achievable, the visualization packages that the maps can be built with, the number of map users and improved gazetteers with more comprehensive coverage of vague terms. Therefore, the developed methods, algorithm and applications in this study can be beneficial to researchers in social and e-social sciences, those who are interested in developing and maintaining social networking sites, geographers who work on disambiguation of fuzzy vernacular geographic terms, visualization and spatial data analysts in general and those who are looking for development and accommodation of better business strategies (i.e. localization and personalization). 1 (http://www.Flickr.com, retrieved 20/07/09)
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Rapp, Joshua. "Spatial analysis of catchment characteristics in relation to water quality using remote sensing and geographic information systems /." Spatial analysis of catchment characteristics in relation to water quality using remote sensing and geographic information systemsRead the abstract of the thesis, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17469.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Goldhoorn, Malgorzata [Verfasser], Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Kirchner, and Joachim [Gutachter] Hertzberg. "Prediction of Object Position based on Probabilistic Qualitative Spatial Relations / Malgorzata Goldhoorn ; Gutachter: Frank Kirchner, Joachim Hertzberg ; Betreuer: Frank Kirchner." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114186200X/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Menon, Arjun Rajendran. "Animism and Anthropomorphism in Living Spaces : Designing for 'Life' in spatial interactions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285684.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integrating animism and anthropomorphism into technology and our interactions with said technology allows for the design of better affordances, easier comprehension, and more intricate interactions between humans and technological artefacts. This study seeks to understand the circumstances and contexts under which humans tend to form emotional bonds with nonhuman entities and ascribe life-like or human-like qualities to them, through qualitative research. It also seeks to investigate whether animism and anthropomorphism apply to abstract entities such as a space, through ‘constructive design-based research’ and ‘thing-centered design’ methodologies. The investigations yield several insights in general, that are useful to designers attempting to incorporate animism and anthropomorphism into their work. The prototyping led to the creation of a prototype space that can serve as the foundation for future research.Integrering av animism och antropomorfism i teknik och vår interaktion med nämnda teknik möjliggör design av bättre överkomliga priser, lättare förståelse och mer invecklade interaktioner mellan människor och tekniska artefakter. Denna studie syftar till att förstå de omständigheter och sammanhang under vilka människor tenderar att bilda känslomässiga band med icke-mänskliga enheter och tillskriva dem livsliknande eller mänskliga egenskaper genom kvalitativ forskning. Det försöker också undersöka om animism och antropomorfism gäller abstrakta enheter som ett utrymme, genom ‘constructive design-based research’ och ‘thing-centered design’ metoder. Undersökningarna ger i allmänhet flera insikter som är användbara för designers som försöker integrera animism och antropomorfism i sitt arbete. Prototyperingen ledde till skapandet av ett prototyputrymme som kan tjäna som grund för framtida forskning.
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Kessi, Louisa. "Unsupervised detection based on spatial relationships : Application for object detection and recognition of colored business document structures." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer un système de reconnaissance de structures logique des documents d'entreprises sans modèle. Il s'agit de reconnaître la fonction logique de blocs de textes qui sont importants à localiser et à identifier. Ce problème est identique à celui de la détection d'objets dans une scène naturelle puisqu'il faut à la fois reconnaître les objets et les localiser dans une image. A la différence de la reconnaissance d'objets, les documents d'entreprises doivent être interprétés sans aucune information a priori sur leurs modèles de structures. La seule solution consiste à développer une approche non supervisée basée principalement sur les relations spatiales et sur les informations textuelles et images. Les documents d'entreprises possèdent des contenus et des formes très hétérogènes car chaque entreprise et chaque administration créent son propre formulaire ou ses propres modèles de factures. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que toute structure logique de document est constituée de morceaux de micro-structures déjà observées dans d'autres documents. Cette démarche est identique en détection d'objets dans les images naturelles. Tout modèle particulier d'objet dans une scène est composé de morceaux d'éléments déjà vu sur d'autres exemples d'objets de même classe et qui sont reliés entre eux par des relations spatiales déjà observées. Notre modèle est donc basé sur une reconnaissance partie par partie et sur l'accumulation d'évidences dans l'espace paramétrique et spatial. Notre solution a été testée sur des applications de détection d'objets dans les scènes naturelles et de reconnaissance de structure logique de documents d'entreprises. Les bonnes performances obtenues valident les hypothèses initiales. Ces travaux contiennent aussi de nouvelles méthodes de traitement et d'analyse d'image couleurs de documents et d'images naturellesThis digital revolution introduces new services and new usages in numerous domains. The advent of the digitization of documents and the automatization of their processing constitutes a great cultural and economic revolution. In this context, computer vision provides numerous applications and impacts our daily lives and businesses. Behind computer-vision technology, fundamental concepts, methodologies, and algorithms have been developed worldwide in the last fifty years. Today, computer vision technologies arrive to maturity and become a reality in many domains. Computer-vision systems reach high performance thanks to the large amount of data and the increasing performance of the hardware. Despite the success of computer-vision applications, however, numerous other applications require more research, new methodologies, and novel algorithms. Among the difficult problems encountered in the computer-vision domain, detection remains a challenging task. Detection consists of localizing and recognizing an object in an image. This problem is far more difficult than the problem of recognition alone. Among the numerous applications based on detection, object detection in a natural scene is the most popular application in the computer-vision community. This work is about the detection tasks and its applications
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Richter, Mathis Marius [Verfasser], Gregor [Gutachter] Schöner, and Rolf [Gutachter] Würtz. "A neural dynamic model for the perceptual grounding of spatial and movement relations / Mathis Marius Richter ; Gutachter: Gregor Schöner, Rolf Würtz ; Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165304619/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Devuyst, Danielle. "Application of Spatial and Descriptive Analysis Methods to Determine Relationship Between Hardware Subsidies and the Sanitation Marketplace." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sanitation marketing is an emerging approach of strengthening the local private sector to implement scalable and sustainable improved sanitation coverage in developing countries, specifically among the poor. It encourages the enhancement of sanitation market supply and demand by developing distribution infrastructure and stimulating consumer interest. Unlike interventions that provide hardware subsidies to initiate sanitation demand, financial support for sanitation marketing is used exclusively for the research and development of the market; this encourages the private sector to become independent and self-sufficient. Qualitative data suggests that while sanitation marketing projects have been successful at implementing replicable and sustainable sanitation coverage, they are not effective in close proximity to other programs that provide hardware subsidies.
The aim of this study is to determine how hardware subsidies impacted iDE’s (formerly International Development Enterprise) Cambodia Sanitation Marketing Scale-Up (SMSU) project using quantitative data collected between 2010 and 2014, and to develop an approach that best illustrates this relationship. Using their project database of 48,844 transactions in 9 provinces, QGIS 2.8.1 and MS Excel were used to determine the correlations between the NGO (subsidized) and customer sales. QGIS maps and time-lapse animations were effective in spatially juxtaposing the quantity and location of both NGO and customer sales, and MS Excel charts quantified the relationship as a function of time, identifying opposing correlational patterns.
Within the Cambodia SMSU project, the provision of hardware subsidies (represented by NGO sales) resulted in the attrition of the sanitation marketplace (represented by customer sales) when the NGO sales landed between 71 and 889 in a single month, averaging 400 NGO sales in a month. Overall, 14 districts showed decreased customer sales in the presence of subsidies, and 36 districts showed increased customer sales in the presence of subsidies. Within this study, any district with over 395 sales in one month showed a decline in customer sales. There were 106 months within this project that the NGO and customer sales had a positive correlation and 110 months showing a negative correlation.
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Alatrista-Salas, Hugo. "Extraction de relations spatio-temporelles à partir des données environnementales et de la santé." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997539.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Face à l'explosion des nouvelles technologies (mobiles, capteurs, etc.), de grandes quantités de données localisées dans l'espace et dans le temps sont désormais disponibles. Les bases de données associées peuvent être qualifiées de bases de données spatio-temporelles car chaque donnée est décrite par une information spatiale (e.g. une ville, un quartier, une rivière, etc.) et temporelle (p. ex. la date d'un événement). Cette masse de données souvent hétérogènes et complexes génère ainsi de nouveaux besoins auxquels les méthodes d'extraction de connaissances doivent pouvoir répondre (e.g. suivre des phénomènes dans le temps et l'espace). De nombreux phénomènes avec des dynamiques complexes sont ainsi associés à des données spatio-temporelles. Par exemple, la dynamique d'une maladie infectieuse peut être décrite par les interactions entre les humains et le vecteur de transmission associé ainsi que par certains mécanismes spatio-temporels qui participent à son évolution. La modification de l'un des composants de ce système peut déclencher des variations dans les interactions entre les composants et finalement, faire évoluer le comportement global du système.Pour faire face à ces nouveaux enjeux, de nouveaux processus et méthodes doivent être développés afin d'exploiter au mieux l'ensemble des données disponibles. Tel est l'objectif de la fouille de données spatio-temporelles qui correspond à l'ensemble de techniques et méthodes qui permettent d'obtenir des connaissances utiles à partir de gros volumes de données spatio-temporelles. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre général de la fouille de données spatio-temporelles et l'extraction de motifs séquentiels. Plus précisément, deux méthodes génériques d'extraction de motifs sont proposées. La première permet d'extraire des motifs séquentiels incluant des caractéristiques spatiales. Dans la deuxième, nous proposons un nouveau type de motifs appelé "motifs spatio-séquentiels". Ce type de motifs permet d'étudier l'évolution d'un ensemble d'événements décrivant une zone et son entourage proche. Ces deux approches ont été testées sur deux jeux de données associées à des phénomènes spatio-temporels : la pollution des rivières en France et le suivi épidémiologique de la dengue en Nouvelle Calédonie. Par ailleurs, deux mesures de qualité ainsi qu'un prototype de visualisation de motifs sont été également proposés pour accompagner les experts dans la sélection des motifs d'intérêts.
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Shepherd, Ashley Lauren. "Mapping of Sonoran Desert Vegetation Communities and Spatial Distribution Differences of Larrea Tridentata Seed Density in Relation to Ambrosia Dumosa and Ambrosia Deltoidea, San Cristobal Valley, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/217053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vegetation in the San Cristobal Valley of Barry M. Goldwater Range-East was mapped using a combination of field surveys and aerial imagery interpretation to contribute to ongoing inventory of natural resources for the BMGR-East as well as assist in resource management decisions. Eighteen vegetation associations were identified and mapped through collection of 186 samples to characterize vegetation associations. The most common vegetation association was Larrea tridentata monotype, covering 29% of the area mapped. Larrea tridentata is a widely spread shrub throughout the Sonoran, Chihuahuan and Mojave deserts; therefore understanding germination and seedling survival patterns is crucial. Ambrosia dumosa and A. deltoidea exhibit nurse plant-protégé interactions with L. tridentata. Seed density of L. tridentata was studied under Ambrosia species to determine factors controlling germination and seedling density. As expected seed density was greater under Ambrosia canopy than areas with no canopy. Ambrosia species and canopy type did not affect seed density.
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Fortin, Madeleine. "Pariah, Florida: Helplessness in the Face of Bureaucracy." FIU Digital Commons, 2002. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a case study of a small agricultural community located along the eastern edge of Everglades National Park, The purpose of this study was to document the way land use decisions have been made and how these decisions have affected this community and the Everglades ecosystem. This research demonstrated that decisions made by the involved agencies have negatively affected both the community of Pariah, Florida and the Everglades ecosystem. Research methods included extensive document research, participant observation and formal and informal interviews. It appears that public concern over “saving the Everglades” has been used to provide a legitimating framework for the achievement of a plurality of personal goals and unstated agency agendas that have little or nothing to do with either the Everglades or the environment in general.
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Nordstrand, AnnaKarin. "Plats för möten : tillgänglighet och inkludering av äldre i utomhusmiljö." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14950.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report is about the current outdoor environment in the housing area Brunnsbacken in the city of Eskilstuna. The report examines the various factors in the outdoor environment that can affect the physical and psychic well being of the elderly people through availability and inclusion. The research methods that are affected are qualitative and has been implemented in order to give insight and knowledge about the way elderly people view the outdoor stay in their neighborhood, but also through analysis produce an informed design suggestion.Denna rapport handlar om dagens utomhusmiljö i bostadsområdet Brunnsbacken i Eskilstuna. I rapporten granskas de olika faktorer i utomhusmiljön som kan påverka äldres fysiska och psykiska välmående genom tillgänglighet och inkludering. De forskningsmetoder som berörs är kvalitativa och har använts i syfte att ge insikt och kunskap om de äldres syn på utomhusvistelsen i sin närmiljö, men också genom analys kunna ta fram ett välgrundat gestaltningsförslag.
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Brando, Escobar Carmen. "Coalla : Un modèle pour l'édition collaborative d'un contenu géographique et la gestion de sa cohérence." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952250.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La production et la maintenance de contenus géographiques se fait souvent grâce à la mise en commun de contributions diverses. La mise à jour des données de l'IGN s'appuie ainsi sur l'intégration de données de partenaires ou la prise en compte d'alertes d'évolution du terrain. C'est également le cas des contenus libres produits par des projets communautaires comme OpenStreetMap. Un aspect problématique est la gestion de la qualité d'un contenu géographique collaboratif, particulièrement de leur cohérence afin de permettre que des prises de décision s'appuient dessus. Cette cohérence est liée à l'homogénéité de la représentation de l'espace, ainsi qu'à la préservation d'informations importantes non explicites mais qui peuvent être retrouvées sur les entités décrites grâce à leurs géométries. Ce travail de thèse propose un modèle baptisé Coalla pour l'édition collaborative d'un contenu géographique avec gestion de la cohérence. Ce modèle comporte trois contributions : 1) l'identification et la définition des éléments que doit comporter un vocabulaire formel visant à faciliter la construction d'un contenu géographique collaboratif ; 2) un processus d'aide à la construction à la volée d'un vocabulaire formel à partir de spécifications formelles des bases de données IGN et à des vocabulaires collaboratifs existants, et 3) une stratégie d'évaluation et de réconciliation des contributions afin de les intégrer d'une façon cohérente au contenu central. Notre modèle Coalla a été implémenté dans un prototype
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Camara-Rey, Oscar. "Recalage non linéaire d'images TDM et TEP dans les régions thoraciques et abdominales: etude méthodologique et application en routine clinique." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000903.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le but de ces travaux est de proposer une contribution au recalage d'images TDM-TEP dans les régions thoraciques et abdominales. Notre méthodologie est fondée sur l'introduction de contraintes anatomiques au recalage non linéaire appliqué sur les intensités. Cette introduction est faite d'une manière explicite, en divisant la procédure en une phase d'initialisation recalant les structures segmentées dans les deux images, et une deuxième phase de recalage à niveaux de gris, raffinant l'étape précédente de l'algorithme. Les transformations sont modélisées dans les deux étapes à partir de Free Form Deformations (FFD). La segmentation est réalisée selon une procédure hiérarchique de reconnaissance de formes. La mesure fournie par le protocole d'évaluation que nous avons développé indique une erreur inférieure à 1cm pour les structures les plus significatives (poumons, foie, reins, coeur), sauf pour le stomach (erreur d'1.5cm).
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Barton, Kevin Richard. "The Influence of Global and Local Spatial Configuration on Wayfinding." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4647.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Knowledge about the configuration of an environment is used preferentially when navigating through an urban environment (Penn, 2003). However, it the locus of this effect is poorly understood. One possibility is that the local environment, such as the shape of an intersection, is sufficient to determine route choice in the context of the global configuration of an environment (Meilinger, Franz, & Bülthoff, in press; Meilinger, Knauff & Bülthoff, 2008). Two experiments were performed to investigate this hypothesis using two novel virtual environments, one with a simplistic configuration, and one with a more complicated configuration. In Experiment 1, peripheral vision was either available or constrained throughout a wayfinding task. A significant influence of global configuration information with minimal use of local configuration account was found. In Experiment 2, central vision was either limited to the local intersection or unconstrained. Again, a strong effect of configuration was found, with limited evidence for the use of local visual information. The results support a synergistic mechanism of wayfinding where the environmental configuration is used to inform existing knowledge about the environment.
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Jan, Sahib. "Framework development for providing accessibility to qualitative spatial calculi." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.Qualitative spatial reasoning deals with knowledge about an infinite spatial domain using a finite set of qualitative relations without using numerical computation. Qualitative knowledge is relative knowledge where we obtain the knowledge on the basis of comparison of features with in the object domain rather then using some external scales. Reasoning is an intellectual facility by which, conclusions are drawn from premises and is present in our everyday interaction with the geographical world. The kind of reasoning that human being relies on is based on commonsense knowledge in everyday situations. During the last decades a multitude of formal calculi over spatial relations have been proposed by focusing on different aspects of space like topology, orientation and distance. Qualitative spatial reasoning engines like SparQ and GQR represents space and reasoning about the space based on qualitative spatial relations and bring qualitative reasoning closer to the geographic applications. Their relations and certain operations defined in qualitative calculi use to infer new knowledge on different aspects of space. Today GIS does not support common-sense reasoning due to limitation for how to formalize spatial inferences. It is important to focus on common sense geographic reasoning, reasoning as it is performed by human. Human perceive and represents geographic information qualitatively, the integration of reasoner with spatial application enables GIS users to represent and extract geographic information qualitatively using human understandable query language. In this thesis, I designed and developed common API framework using platform independent software like XML and JAVA that used to integrate qualitative spatial reasoning engines (SparQ) with GIS application. SparQ is set of modules that structured to provides different reasoning services. SparQ supports command line instructions and it has a specific syntax as set of commands. The developed API provides interface between GIS application and reasoning engine. It establishes connection with reasoner over TCP/IP, takes XML format queries as input from GIS application and converts into SparQ module specific syntax. Similarly it extracts given result, converts it into defined XML format and passes it to GIS application over the same TCP/IP connection. The most challenging part of thesis was SparQ syntax analysis for inputs and their outputs. Each module in Sparq takes module specific query syntax and generates results in multiple syntaxes like; error, simple result and result with comments. Reasoner supports both binary and ternary calculi. The input query syntax for binary-calculi is different for ternary-calculi in the terms of constraint-networks. Based on analysis I, identified commonalities between input query syntaxes for both binary and ternary calculi and designed XML structures for them. Similarly I generalized SparQ results into five major categories and designed XML structures. For ternary-calculi, I considered constraint-reasoning module and their specific operations and designed XML structure for both of their inputs and outputs.
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Stolze, Knut [Verfasser]. "Integration of spatial vector data in enterprise relational database environments / von Knut Stolze." 2006. http://d-nb.info/982576854/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Hsu, Lipin, and 徐麗蘋. "Image Information Retrieval Based on Shapes and Spatial Relations for Pictures Containing Sized Objects." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59438089732148372323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士中興大學
應用數學系所
95
In this dissertation, two image representation methods for Content-Based Image Retrieval are proposed. The first image representation method is called NOAR (Normalized Object Area Representation), which can capture the shapes and locations, as well as orientations of objects in an image. Image information retrieval systems with important functions such as spatial reasoning, visualization, browsing, and similarity retrieval can be easily built based on NOAR. The effectiveness of NOAR was demonstrated by several examples. The second image representation method is called Extended 9D-SPA, which is an extension of 9D-SPA. This method can provide different degrees of granularity for reasoning about directional relations in both eight- and sixteen-direction reference frames. In similarity retrieval, it provides twelve types of similarity measures to support flexible matching between the query picture and the database pictures. By exercising a database containing 3600 pictures, we successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of our image retrieval system based on Extended 9D-SPA. Experiment result showed that 86.1% precision rate and 81.2% recall rate can be achieved simultaneously. This performance is considered to be very good as an effective information retrieval system.
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Li, Jia-Hong, and 李嘉弘. "Mining and Its Tempo-Spatial Relation Analysis of Taiwan’s Information From the Historical Maps." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88289580384008346792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士康寧大學
數位應用研究所
100
The intrinsic significance of the historical maps includes a number of factors. Such as property distribution, the boundaries of division and economic, and political strategy. The purpose of this study is to explore the historical map extracted data types. After the digitization of the figure boundary (polygon) we get a lot of data to do data mining. Characterization contains the polygon of the length and width ratio, polygon of the longitude and latitude ratio, shape factor, etc. We use map squared and eight orientation representation to the position of Taiwan. These data will change with the time, and the distinctive can help us to find out the Taiwan's role in different periods. In the study, characterization of Taiwan change large in the early and the more and more stabilized in the more modern times. The reason may be the different mapping techniques and the different contemporary cartographer view. For example, the early European navigators' Taiwan map is only focus on drawing and annotation important places. And the outline is relatively simple. Eastern Taiwan is blank on some maps because of political or other factor. Polygon changes very large in the early. The shape factor changes from the 16th to the 18th century, about between 1.2 and 1.9. In the modern, the shape factor change about between 1.4 and 1.5. That means the polygon is more and more consistent, and the measurement increasingly precise. But sometimes we find the extreme value. The reason is that the regional nature of the map will also affect its contours change.