Дисертації: "Spatial Planning System"

1

Yesilcimen, Halil. "A rule-based system for automated spatial layout planning." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284083.

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2

Mansilla, Miguel. "A spatial decision support system framework for rural energy planning." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414556.

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3

Anumba, Claire. "Application of GIS to labour market planning in construction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/2311.

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The fluctuations in the demand for construction work have often resulted in skills shortages. This has led to the need for effective construction labour market planning strategies, which enable the construction industry to meet its skills requirements, particularly in periods of peak demand. Existing approaches to construction labour market planning have several limitations. They do not shed light on the socio-economic and spatially influenced issues within which the industry's skills shortages are rooted. There is, therefore, a need for more appropriate decision-support mechanisms that can take account of spatial problems in terms of skills demand and supply influences. Through industry involvement, this research has explored how GIS can enhance the labour market planning process in construction. The research briefly reviews the nature of labour market planning in construction, introduces geographic information systems, and highlights the opportunities they offer for overcoming the limitations of existing approaches. The implementation of the GIS-based system and its application to a specific labour market planning initiative is then presented. The evaluation of the system by prospective end-users reveals the enablers, barriers and benefits of the system implementation. Organisational issues that had a bearing on the implementation are also examined and recommendations made for further research.

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4

Silva, Frederica Nishakumari de. "CEMPS - spatial decision support system for evacuation planning : an operational research - geographical information systems approach." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242839.

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5

Murphy, Sean. "Development and Assessment of a Spatial Decision Support System for Conservation Planning." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MurphyS2003.pdf.

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6

Scheibe, Kevin Paul. "A Spatial Decision Support System for Planning Broadband, Fixed Wireless Telecommunication Networks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11242.

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Over the last two decades, wireless technology has become ubiquitous in the United States and other developed countries. Consumer devices such as AM/FM radios, cordless and cellular telephones, pagers, satellite televisions, garage door openers, and television channel changers are just some of the applications of wireless technology. More recently, wireless computer networking has seen increasing employment. A few reasons for this move toward wireless networking are improved electronics transmitters and receivers, reduced costs, simplified installation, and enhanced network expandability. The objective of the study is to generate understanding of the planning inherent in a broadband, fixed wireless telecommunication network and to implement that knowledge into an SDSS. Intermediate steps toward this goal include solutions to both fixed wireless point-to-multipoint (PMP) and fixed wireless mesh networks, which are developed and incorporated into the SDSS. This study explores the use of a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) for broadband fixed wireless connectivity to solve the wireless network planning problem. The spatial component of the DSS is a Geographic Information System (GIS), which displays visibility for specific tower locations. The SDSS proposed here incorporates cost, revenue, and performance capabilities of a wireless technology applied to a given area. It encompasses cost and range capabilities of wireless equipment, the customersâ propensity to pay, the market penetration of a given service offering, the topology of the area in which the wireless service is proffered, and signal obstructions due to local geography. This research is both quantitative and qualitative in nature. Quantitatively, the wireless network planning problem may be formulated as integer programming problems (IP). The line-of-sight restriction imposed by several extant wireless technologies necessitates the incorporation of a GIS and the development of an SDSS to facilitate the symbiosis of the mathematics and geography. The qualitative aspect of this research involves the consideration of planning guidelines for the general wireless planning problem. Methodologically, this requires a synthesis of the literature and insights gathered from using the SDSS above in a what-if mode.
Ph. D.

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7

Ismail, Ayman (Ayman Adel) 1973. "A distributed system architecture for spatial data management to support engineering modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67524.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-50).
This research seeks ways to manage the process of analysis and synthesis of geographic data to support collaboration among researchers, planners, and engineers working on a spatial problem. This question is addressed on two levels. The first level examines the abstraction and representation of the analysis process, using the Unified Modeling Language. The second level examines the distributed environment that enables such collaboration, and proposes a three-tier distributed system architecture. The interdisciplinary Urban Respiration project provides a context and examples illustrating the need for such design. A prototype application is developed to test and understand the applicability of the proposed designs.
by Ayman Ismail.
M.C.P.

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8

D'Alonzo, Valentina. "A Spatial Decision Support System for thermal energy planning at the regional scale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368160.

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The focus of the Ph.D. dissertation is on the thermal part of the energy planning issue since the space conditioning (heating and cooling â€“ H&C) of buildings represents about 75% of the energy consumed by European residential buildings and only 16% of the heating and cooling consumption is covered by renewable energy sources (RES). At the same time, the increased complexity of the spatial planning process when energy issues are involved has made clear the need for new â€œenergy-awareâ€ tools and methods used in this field. The proposed methodology is GIS (Geographical Information System)-based and performed at regional scale given that the movement of energy planning activities from national to regional and local scale allows a much more detailed analysis of both the energy demand and supply, balancing them more effectively. The integration of the spatial dimension within energy analyses can also provide the decision-makers with a spatially-explicit approach towards the energy transition and the development of sustainable energy plans and strategies. The general aim of the Ph.D. thesis is to develop a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) allowing the decision-makers to take into account (during the planning process) both the improvement of the energy production from RES and the energy renovation of the existing building stock. The SDSS aims also to connect the energy planning (supply side) with spatial planning (demand side) by seeking synergies between the two fields. This connection is made taking advantage of the framework of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). The Ph.D. thesis is partially developed within a European co-financed project included in the Interreg Alpine Space programme. The GRETA project was designed to foster the use of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) in energy plans and strategies along the Alps. SGE is a low-carbon source for H&C of buildings, which exploits the heat stored within the ground, a local source widely available and less dependent from changes in time compared to other RES. Despite this, its exploitation is not yet diffused and its growth is limited mainly by factors such as scarce knowledge, complicated and fragmented legislation, and high installation costs. Considering all these issues, the research questions that shaped the Ph.D. activities are: âž¢ How to estimate the thermal energy demand of the residential building stock at the regional scale, as a starting point for developing sustainable energy strategies aimed at the reduction of the thermal energy consumption in the existing buildings. âž¢ How to integrate this appraisal in the energy planning of a region in order to elaborate different scenarios for the energy balance between thermal demand and supply, fostering the use of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) that is a renewable source still not well-known and not exploited. âž¢ How to encourage the connection between energy planning and spatial planning towards the common goal of sustainable energy transition, helping to fill the gap between the development of plans and strategies and their implementation, thanks to the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) framework. The proposed methodology has been applied in a case study, i.e. Valle dâ€™Aosta, an Italian alpine region. Almost all the data processing is performed with open-source software (GRASS GIS, QGIS, Python, and R) and applying a spatially-explicit approach, for pushing the integration of the spatial dimension in the energy analysis. The spatial units of analysis are the single building and the census tract. The single building has been chosen as the smallest unit available for ensuring a better characterization of the thermal energy demand and of the potential energy production from SGE. Moreover, the scenario analysis for the energy renovation of buildings is better performed at the building level; so, it is particularly suitable for developing an SDSS. Nevertheless, some data processing is done at the census tract level, using aggregated and statistical information to estimate the required values at the building level. The reason for this twofold scale of analysis is that the data availability often changes depending on time, space and data provider. For instance, for the case study area only little data was available at the building level for the whole region. Therefore, the methodology integrates data from different sources to fill this knowledge gap. The methodology applied in the case study is divided into two parts: 1) The first one concerns the data collection and processing for the spatial estimation of the space heating demand of the existing building stock. At the end of it, the technical and economic suitability of SGE (performed within the GRETA project) for covering the energy demand of buildings and replacing some fossil fuels is evaluated. 2) The second one is carried out in the framework of SEA, by defining common objectives and developing scenarios for the integration of SGE in the energy planning process, as the short-term objective, and the coordination of energy and spatial planning goals, as the long-term objective. In the Ph.D. thesis, SEA is intended as a conceptual framework for integrating energy and spatial planning, rather than as an evaluation tool. The main outputs of the Ph.D. thesis are: (i) the spatial evaluation of the space heating demand of each residential building of the case study, without using the â€œarchetypes approachâ€ ; (ii) the development of a method for the integration of data from different sources and for its estimation if missing at the building level; (iii) the use of SEA as a framework for connecting energy planning and spatial planning fields, to support strategic decision-making processes. Even though the Ph.D. case study is a typical alpine region, (iv) the developed methodology can be applied at different scales and not only on alpine regions but potentially in every kind of context. Since it strongly depends on the availability of data, the replicability of the methodology is quite high. The main expected impacts of these outputs are: (1) SDSS allows to reach a trade-off between the number of input data and the level of detail often required by decision-makers; (2) SDSS can support the decision-makers allowing them to analyse from various viewpoints different energy scenarios and also to localise where is better to address the energy measures; (3) the results at the building level represent a starting point for defining and developing strategies for the energy transition of settlements at different scales; (4) SEA used as a strategic tool for integrating energy and spatial planning, by coordinating strategic objectives, and linking the thesis outputs to the energy decision-making process.

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9

D'Alonzo, Valentina. "A Spatial Decision Support System for thermal energy planning at the regional scale." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2019. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3657/1/VDAlonzo_PhDthesis.pdf.

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Анотація:

The focus of the Ph.D. dissertation is on the thermal part of the energy planning issue since the space conditioning (heating and cooling – H&C) of buildings represents about 75% of the energy consumed by European residential buildings and only 16% of the heating and cooling consumption is covered by renewable energy sources (RES). At the same time, the increased complexity of the spatial planning process when energy issues are involved has made clear the need for new “energy-aware” tools and methods used in this field. The proposed methodology is GIS (Geographical Information System)-based and performed at regional scale given that the movement of energy planning activities from national to regional and local scale allows a much more detailed analysis of both the energy demand and supply, balancing them more effectively. The integration of the spatial dimension within energy analyses can also provide the decision-makers with a spatially-explicit approach towards the energy transition and the development of sustainable energy plans and strategies. The general aim of the Ph.D. thesis is to develop a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) allowing the decision-makers to take into account (during the planning process) both the improvement of the energy production from RES and the energy renovation of the existing building stock. The SDSS aims also to connect the energy planning (supply side) with spatial planning (demand side) by seeking synergies between the two fields. This connection is made taking advantage of the framework of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). The Ph.D. thesis is partially developed within a European co-financed project included in the Interreg Alpine Space programme. The GRETA project was designed to foster the use of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) in energy plans and strategies along the Alps. SGE is a low-carbon source for H&C of buildings, which exploits the heat stored within the ground, a local source widely available and less dependent from changes in time compared to other RES. Despite this, its exploitation is not yet diffused and its growth is limited mainly by factors such as scarce knowledge, complicated and fragmented legislation, and high installation costs. Considering all these issues, the research questions that shaped the Ph.D. activities are: ➢ How to estimate the thermal energy demand of the residential building stock at the regional scale, as a starting point for developing sustainable energy strategies aimed at the reduction of the thermal energy consumption in the existing buildings. ➢ How to integrate this appraisal in the energy planning of a region in order to elaborate different scenarios for the energy balance between thermal demand and supply, fostering the use of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) that is a renewable source still not well-known and not exploited. ➢ How to encourage the connection between energy planning and spatial planning towards the common goal of sustainable energy transition, helping to fill the gap between the development of plans and strategies and their implementation, thanks to the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) framework. The proposed methodology has been applied in a case study, i.e. Valle d’Aosta, an Italian alpine region. Almost all the data processing is performed with open-source software (GRASS GIS, QGIS, Python, and R) and applying a spatially-explicit approach, for pushing the integration of the spatial dimension in the energy analysis. The spatial units of analysis are the single building and the census tract. The single building has been chosen as the smallest unit available for ensuring a better characterization of the thermal energy demand and of the potential energy production from SGE. Moreover, the scenario analysis for the energy renovation of buildings is better performed at the building level; so, it is particularly suitable for developing an SDSS. Nevertheless, some data processing is done at the census tract level, using aggregated and statistical information to estimate the required values at the building level. The reason for this twofold scale of analysis is that the data availability often changes depending on time, space and data provider. For instance, for the case study area only little data was available at the building level for the whole region. Therefore, the methodology integrates data from different sources to fill this knowledge gap. The methodology applied in the case study is divided into two parts: 1) The first one concerns the data collection and processing for the spatial estimation of the space heating demand of the existing building stock. At the end of it, the technical and economic suitability of SGE (performed within the GRETA project) for covering the energy demand of buildings and replacing some fossil fuels is evaluated. 2) The second one is carried out in the framework of SEA, by defining common objectives and developing scenarios for the integration of SGE in the energy planning process, as the short-term objective, and the coordination of energy and spatial planning goals, as the long-term objective. In the Ph.D. thesis, SEA is intended as a conceptual framework for integrating energy and spatial planning, rather than as an evaluation tool. The main outputs of the Ph.D. thesis are: (i) the spatial evaluation of the space heating demand of each residential building of the case study, without using the “archetypes approach”; (ii) the development of a method for the integration of data from different sources and for its estimation if missing at the building level; (iii) the use of SEA as a framework for connecting energy planning and spatial planning fields, to support strategic decision-making processes. Even though the Ph.D. case study is a typical alpine region, (iv) the developed methodology can be applied at different scales and not only on alpine regions but potentially in every kind of context. Since it strongly depends on the availability of data, the replicability of the methodology is quite high. The main expected impacts of these outputs are: (1) SDSS allows to reach a trade-off between the number of input data and the level of detail often required by decision-makers; (2) SDSS can support the decision-makers allowing them to analyse from various viewpoints different energy scenarios and also to localise where is better to address the energy measures; (3) the results at the building level represent a starting point for defining and developing strategies for the energy transition of settlements at different scales; (4) SEA used as a strategic tool for integrating energy and spatial planning, by coordinating strategic objectives, and linking the thesis outputs to the energy decision-making process.

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10

Panchenko, Evgeny. "Sustainable Planning of Linear Infrastructure Corridor in Remote Areas." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1542777301682337.

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11

Salhin, Salma Mohammed. "A critical evaluation of Libya's urban spatial system between 1970 and 2006." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2010. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-critical-evaluation-of-libyas-urban-spatial-system-between-1970-and-2006(345a512c-0fef-4e19-9c85-b936d9d40672).html.

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In Libya, rural-urban migration and rapid population growth were intensified by the discovery of oil and brought the polarization by the big cities. This polarization has become a major issue of problems within the urban spatial planning, particularly in the case of Tripoli and Benghazi. In order to resolve these, the Libyan government had since attempted various efforts to alleviate these urban pressures through both indirect national policies and explicit spatial development strategies. The aim of the study is therefore to produce a critical evaluation of Libyan spatial policies by the government between 1970s and 2006 and to offer insights into how Libya could benefit from a balanced urban system. Both secondary and primary data were explored. This research has identified some merits of a number of spatial policies by the government as well as some major issues and weaknesses of these polices. Although government policies did have some effects in reducing the polarization by the two large cities, the issue of over dominance and the consequent urban problems still largely remained the same.

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12

Minde, Julie M. "Building a framework for a spatial decision support system for co-locating public facilities." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3402.

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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 111. Thesis director: Zolnik, Edmund. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geographic and Cartographic Sciences. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 17, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-110). Also issued in print.

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13

Kenney, David Peter. "Developing a spatial decision support system for timber sale planning on a national forest." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12302008-063659/.

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14

Song, Yonghui. "Development of an integrated geo-spatial system to improve accessibility of urban planning information." Thesis, University of Salford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401927.

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15

Braun, Paul Douglas 1966. "Public access to spatial data: Putting geographic information system data into the hands of neighborhood associations." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278595.

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The public has a legislated right to access government data. Unfortunately, government data is often hard to acquire and difficult to analyze. Many governmental institutions have implemented geographic information systems (GIS) to solve these problems. Neighborhood associations serve as a conduit between local residents and public decision makers and are a primary public user of government data. These groups can benefit from access to spatial and tabular data maintained within publicly funded government GISs. Unfortunately, little direct public access to data maintained in these GISs is available and virtually no neighborhood association has the financial or technical capabilities to purchase GIS software and acquire the data themselves. This study analyzed the spatial data needs of four neighborhood associations in the Tucson community (Balboa Heights, Corbett, Flecha Caida, and Keeling), developed a public access system prototype, and tested it with members of the neighborhood associations.

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16

Isik, Banu Isil. "Spatial Impacts Of Globalization: Case Study Maslak Istanbul." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612849/index.pdf.

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Today, the world is in a continuous process of change, which is conceptualized as globalization. Although the concept is generally related to economy, it affects aspects of human life
i.e. social, cultural, political and so on. The impact of globalization on urban areas requires a special emphasis. Economic development has played a significant role in restructuring the city. Particularly following the 1970s, with the changes in the international economic system, the world has started to transform into a global market and the capital has gained liquidity in this system. Along with the changing system after the industrial restructuring, capital accumulation in developed countries has started to accumulate towards new places. In order to attract capital, the roles of cities are reshaped in the globalization perspective. Globalization led to the formation of the new land uses in order to adapt to the competitive global system, which caused a transformation period of spatial structure. However, these competitive conditions led to unplanned spatial development, especially in the cities of developing countries. This study aims to identify the spatial changes caused by changes in economic conditions, under the impact of globalization and the development process of Maslak, which has been taking place along with the globalization process, and the role of planning system throughout this process in the global city of Istanbul constitute.

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17

Merrie, Andrew. "An idea whose time has come : an innovation perspective on Marine Spatial Planning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-65746.

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This study considers the emergence of Marine Spatial Planning as a tool for ecosystem-basedmanagement using an innovation diffusion perspective that combines elements of classical diffusionof innovations theory with a consideration of individual and networked agency and cross-scaledynamics in the context of a social-ecological systems perspective. The main findings are that thediffusion of Marine Spatial Planning does not follow a linear, technologically deterministic process asindicated by many diffusion of innovation studies but instead the diffusion process can becharacterised by a hybrid diffusion system that cascades over a series of phases and where individualsembedded in informal networks play a key role in driving the emergence of Marine Spatial Planningacross scales.This study provides a valuable contribution to considering how the study of innovation and diffusiondynamics could be applied to provide explanatory power when considering innovations that gobeyond being technological that might emerge in the context of addressing challenges facing linkedsocial-ecological systems at the global level and thus assist in resolving the mismatches between thescale of ecological processes and the governance of ecosystems to ensure an ongoing delivery ofecosystem services. These innovations are also important to study in the context of innovation being acatalyst for transformation of marine social-ecological systems to a more sustainable trajectory.

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18

Yang, Qinghao. "Design of an integrated CAD/CAPP system using spatial and graphic decomposition algorithm /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21129757.

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19

TORABI, MOGHADAM SARA. "A New Integrated Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Support System for urban energy planning in the built environment." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2706337.

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Sustainability contests represent a fundamental challenge to traditional urban development practices and concepts. Reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from urban infrastructure and building stock, towards low-carbon cities requires a supportive planning process. In this regard, the use of appropriate tools and methods for addressing complex interactions of Urban Energy Planning (UEP) processes is needed. In particular, the problem of building stock energy consumption in the urban environment is crucial. A major aim of this research is to model energy consumption patterns based on bottom-up statistical-engineering combination methods. These methods evaluate the current status of energy consumption and different future energy saving scenarios to promote sustainable urban planning. However, the choice among urban energy planning scenarios is extensively based on multi-actors and multi-criteria aspects. Therefore, to anchor such a sustainable urban planning, a wider societal consensus building with an earnest and active engagement of relevant stakeholders in the city is essential. For this purpose, stakeholder-oriented approach plays a key role in implementing the effective strategies for urban and regional adaptation. The research, therefore, is also dealing with the integration of participative decisional processes of urban energy planning by organizing different focus groups involving real stakeholders. This fact can help to assess, over a short/long term period, the mix of measures by analyzing meaningful scenarios focused on energy consumptions, environmental impacts, economic and social aspects. The result is the development of a new Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Support System (MC-SDSS), which is an interactive energetic plug-in in GIS environment using CommunityViz. This tool has been applied to a demonstrator case-study, related to a medium-sized city of the metropolitan area of Turin. However, the methodology used for delivering the tool can be applied to other contexts due to its flexibility. The new MC-SDSS is intended to facilitate the decisional process for stakeholders who can ask “what-if” questions and visualize “if-then” scenarios in a real-time. Moreover, it can explore a range of possible futures for assisting urban planners, policymakers and built environment stakeholders in their efforts to plan, design and manage low-carbon cities. This thesis is part of a national Smart City & Communities project, named “EEB-Zero Energy Buildings in Smart Urban Districts” (www.smartcommunitiestech.it).

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20

Getuli, Vito Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Geier. "An ontology-based BIM Expert System for temporal and spatial construction planning / Vito Getuli ; Betreuer: Martin Geier." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1175894923/34.

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21

Getuli, Vito [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Geier. "An ontology-based BIM Expert System for temporal and spatial construction planning / Vito Getuli ; Betreuer: Martin Geier." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1175894923/34.

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22

楊淸好 and Qinghao Yang. "Design of an integrated CAD/CAPP system using spatial and graphic decomposition algorithm." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239602.

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23

BERISHA, ERBLIN. "The evolution of spatial planning systems in the Western Balkan Region. Between international influences and domestic actors." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2707105.

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Анотація:

In Europe, since the end of the 1980s, a number of comparative planning studies have been conducted exemplifying the diversity of planning approaches that characterise the Continent. Among others, these contributions introduced the concept of legal families as being strictly connected with the features undertaken by spatial planning in a given context. In 1997, a more comprehensive approach was proposed by the EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies, introducing so-called spatial planning traditions or ideal-types. Since then, numerous research initiatives have been concentrating on the evolution spatial planning systems in Europe, on the basis of social, cultural or legislative approaches. The research’s contribution is not only aligned to the previous experiences but has the ambition to shed light on countries like Croatia, Albania and Bosnia & Herzegovina, that have been excluded from any previous study. In doing that, particular attention has been paid to the role played by the international contexts and actors (such as the EU, the World Bank, the United Nations’ Development Programme, the International Monetary Fund, the national development agencies of foreign countries etc.). Indeed, because of the transition period, the international context has been widely active in the region, contributing to address the process of transformation of the considered countries (economical, societal and cultural changes). The idea of the research is to investigate how these processes have affected each spatial planning system, and how each of them has adapted in order to respond, or not, to these stimuli, according to the theory of path-dependency. Adopting a comparative approach, the research aims to shed light on the evolution process of each spatial planning system concentrating on the reasons behind and beyond the transformations. In this respect, methodologically and theoretically speaking, an actor-centred explanatory model has been conceptualised and applied in order to simultaneously mobilise features deriving from historical and actor-centred institutionalisms approaches. In this perspective, the model borrows from historical institutionalism the basic idea that “history matters”, and from actor-centred institutionalism the need to bring the “actor at the centre” of the analysis. According to the model, each country has been investigated in different moments. Firstly, understanding the geographical, social and economic changes since 1990 until now, concentrating on the most significant dimensions of transformation (such as political, economic, institutional, social, behavioural and of power) and their spatial implications. Secondly, describing the evolution of the spatial planning system’s tradition since the beginning of the last century, aiming to better situate the recent transformations within a wide historical context. Thirdly, investigating the recent path of transformation of spatial planning system from the perspective of its different constitutive components, i.e. structural, technical, practice and discursive components. On the basis of this background, the role played by both international and local actors in influencing the described patterns of change in the three countries’ spatial planning system has been explored. In doing so, the research demonstrates how and when the international actors have been influential in shaping the evolution of the spatial planning systems in the Western Balkan Region, and in particular in the analysed countries. Their impacts have been variable in space, time, sectors and levels. As emerged, their influential mechanisms, hence their impacts, have differed from one country to another, and often differences have been emerging even within each country. Even their policy changed over the almost three decades of transition. The same actors, indeed, changed their targets and strategies several times according to contextual needs or their own priorities, which have been fluctuating from a humanitarian approach to the support of the path of EU integration. Different approaches have been followed also concerning the impacted areas. Through time, indeed, some actors focused on very sectoral issues while others adopted a more integrated approach. Finally, the nature of the influence and of the produced impact has varied according to each affected level of the state administration. Some actors focused on producing recommendations targeting the national level while others acted through the direct implementation of local level projects and programs. In this perspective, particular attention has been paid to understanding the role played by the EU as one of the most impactful actors. Overall, the research shows how spatial planning is a complex field composed by a number of interconnected dimensions and scales and proposes an investigation methodology that consider the actors and their role as the main analytical components. The evidence collected through this work contribute to shed some light on the evolutions of spatial planning in the Western Balkan region, that is soon going to be fully integrated into the European Union. In this light, it constitutes a solid foundation upon which to build future, more comprehensive research on the matter.

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24

Xiubin, Li. "A spatial decision support system for land-use planning : a case study of the upper Gongyi River Catchment, Guangdong, China /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13205080.

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25

Feick, Robert David. "A multi-participant spatial decision support system for planning tourism-related land use change in small island states." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51195.pdf.

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26

Müller, Christian [Verfasser], Ulrike [Gutachter] Klein, and Angela [Gutachter] Hof. "System-oriented spatial simulations for sustainable urban planning / Christian Müller ; Gutachter: Ulrike Klein, Angela Hof ; Fakultät für Geowissenschaften." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191481417/34.

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27

Tran, Khoa Anh. "Automatic Identification of Points of Interest in Global Navigation Satellite System Data: A Spatial Temporal Approach." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4595.

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Анотація:

In addition to the emergence of smartphones and tablets in recent years, the rise of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has allowed mobile tracking applications to become popular and be put into many uses. Analyzing tracking records to identify points of interest (POIs) is useful for both prediction applications and research such as human behavior analysis, transportation planning, and especially travel surveys. Past research in travel surveys has shown that a GPS mobile phone-based survey is a useful tool for collecting information about individuals. Moreover, a passive travel survey collection is preferred to an active travel survey method by the respondents and the analysts because it is proven to be less error prone. However, passive collection remains a challenge due to a lack of high accuracy algorithms to automatically identify trip starts and trip ends. While travel surveys need a POI identification algorithm to carry out passive information collection, mobile tracking applications must be careful not to affect the user's battery life, which limits the number of GPS coordinates that can be recorded and therefore affects the accuracies of existing POI identification algorithms. This thesis presents Automatic Spatial Temporal Identification of Points of Interest (ASTIPI), an unsupervised spatial temporal algorithm to identify POIs. ASTIPI utilizes the temporal and spatial properties of the dataset to obtain a high accuracy of POI identification, even on a reduced GPS dataset that uses techniques to conserve battery life on mobile devices. While reducing outliers within POIs, ASTIPI also has a linear running time and maintains the temporal orders of the location data so that arrival and departure information can be easily extracted and thus, users' trips can be quickly identified. Using data from real mobile devices, evaluations of ASTIPI and other existing algorithms are performed, showing that ASTIPI obtains the highest accuracy of POI identification with an average accuracy of 88% when performing on full datasets generated using the GPS Auto-Sleep module and an average accuracy of 59% when performing on a reduced dataset generated using both the GPS Auto-Sleep module and the Critical Points algorithm.

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28

Li, Xiubin, and 李秀彬. "A spatial decision support system for land-use planning: a case study of the upper Gongyi River Catchment,Guangdong, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3123267X.

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29

Leponesa, Mphepelo Mabesa. "Investigating methodologies for evaluating the effectiveness of Integrated Spatial Information System (ISIS) implementation in the valuation department of the City of Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13127.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The increasing need to develop fully integrated spatial information systems that help improve planning and decision making have led the countries to create partnerships as to facilitate the improved sharing of spatial data and to realise the full potential of spatial data infrastructure. In this process researchers and practitioners use appropriate methods, tools and frameworks to examine, analyse and evaluate the new implemented systems after its implementation. The attempt to find suitable methodologies for evaluating the effectiveness of the system has led to extensive research to develop, identify and test suitable methods and frameworks and to apply these to case studies. This research investigates the methodologies for evaluating the effectiveness of Integrated Spatial Information Systems (ISIS) implemented in the Valuation Department of the City of Cape Town. The spatial information systems of Valuation Department and the effectiveness of ISIS implementation in this Department are investigated.

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30

Barendse, Caro-Joy. "Enhancing integrated transport planning: A spatial multi-criteria analysis approach to the MyCiTi integrated rapid transit system, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24444.

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Since the birth of the automobile in 1886, its popularity amongst people has risen dramatically owing to the freedom, comfort, speed, safety and unique designs offered by this mode of transport. 2014 saw approximately 71.15 million units of new vehicle sales globally, showing that private car usage is still on the rise. Rapid degradation of the environment and slumped economic growth can be attributed to the automobilecentric transport system. Raised environmental and social awareness has driven campaigns to promote greener modes of transport instead, such as public and nonmotorised transportation. This has seen the introduction of BRT systems in South African cities however; fully integrated transport systems are yet to be achieved. Thus there is a dire need for a design support tool that is adequately capable of processing built environment characteristics in the development of a BRT feeder network that is fully appreciative of the influence of NMT and the urban fabric, and is thus appropriate to the needs of the community it is trying to serve. This study comprised the application of two Spatial Multi-Criteria based methodologies in which a list of built environment characteristics and public transport demand formed the inputs for the analyses. The analysis produced a composite suitability map for each approach, in which each pixel represented the appropriateness of having a BRT feeder route located in that respective pixel. Routes between O-D pairs identified were solved by carrying out a least cost path assessment based on the mean impedance values along the existing road network. The routes developed were compared to the MyCiTi feeder bus routes using Key Performance Indicators established in this research to determine whether this study was successful in producing an enhanced BRT feeder route planning tool. Apart from one route, the set of feeder routes developed for each approach were exactly the same with the second method producing lower average impedance values per kilometre thus it was deemed stronger. When compared to the MyCiTi feeder routes, similar operational efficiencies were achieved with respect to average travel time, coverage and directness. However; the study methodologies provided a greater level of NMT planning inclusion and consideration of environmental factors. Furthermore; it achieved this in a systematic and transparent manner, providing immensely powerful benefits for transportation planners in the public sector. This study was successful in demonstrating that SMCA combined with the Network Analyst tool in ArcGIS has the ability to enhance the quality and appropriateness of BRT feeder routes, whilst achieving acceptable operational efficiencies. The results could further be improved by incorporating more data on local NMT trends and behaviour. Furthermore; this tool can be applied to solving pedestrian, bicycle and other public transport routing problems.

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31

Simao, A. C. R. "A learning-enhancing, web-based public participation system for spatial planning : an application to the wind farm siting problem." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446332/.

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Public participation in government is a hallmark of a democratic society. In the planning realm, public participation has come to define good planning and is seen as fundamental to achieving lasting and possible solutions. The effectiveness of public participation, however, is directly related to the volume and quality of available information and the support that citizens have in making sense of this information, both to develop positions and to make informed contributions. This thesis develops a learning-enhancing framework for public participation in spatial planning. Departing from the analysis of a classic theory of learning, Personal Construct Theory by George Kelly (1955), an innovative design for a spatial public participation system is proposed. This system integrates three elements: an information exploration element a Multi-criteria Spatial Decision Support System (MC-SDSS) and an Argumentation Map (AM). In concert, these elements make information available and address the two components of learning suggested by Kelly: the individual component (making sense of one's own experiences of the real world) and the social component (social interaction). A web-based system is developed and used to assess the adequacy of the proposed conceptual framework. The prototype system is applied to the pertinent and controversial spatial problem of onshore wind farm siting using a study area in the county of Norfolk, England. The prototype, called WePWEP (Web-based Participatory Wind Energy Planning), is tested in a quasi- naturalistic experiment. Test results evaluate the proposed framework favourably and highlight some aspects of the prototype that can be improved.

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32

Alkimim, Akenya Freire de. "Multicriteria decision analysis applied to the spatial allocation of crops as a planning support system for agricultural expansion in Brazil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-21032014-112043/.

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The history of the advancement of the agricultural frontier in Brazil has been closely related to environmental losses. Although environmental losses are sometimes inevitable in the context of agricultural expansion, they should always be minimized. This study seeks to avoid the past pattern of development by proposing a more sustainable way of expanding agriculture. The research tests whether it is possible to expand the cultivation of food and fuel crops in Brazil without compromising natural ecosystems. Brazil has a great agricultural potential considering the significant amount of lands that is suitable for agriculture with a favorable climate and topography. To supply the domestic agricultural market and for Brazil to take on a global food and biofuel export leadership position, actions should be taken to plan for this potential sustainable expansion. This planning would be an alternative means of advancing the agricultural frontier, as opposed to the deforestation previously practiced. A way to accomplish a sustainable pattern of agricultural development could be by the identification of suitable areas to support the expansion without further loss of forestlands. Pasture is a type of land use that occupies large areas in Brazil, and pastures are considered strategic resources for the effectiveness of the proposed expansion, given that they represent areas that have already been deforested and offer some type of existing infrastructure. In addition, from the current biophysical potential production - pasture based beef cattle - may be underused. The goal of this dissertation is to develop a spatial allocation model based on a multicriteria decision making and geographic information systems (GIS) using land suitability analysis to support decision makers with geospatial information about where potential areas for sugarcane and soybean expansion are located in Brazil. The multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) consists of physical land suitability, infrastructure and socioeconomic data integration to identify suitable pasturelands for crop allocation. To enhance the reliability of the model, a team of specialists in the agricultural crops was selected to establish the criteria priorities in the model for the analysis process. The combination of their judgments gives an overall priority that feeds the multicriteria model. \"What if\" scenarios were also built to show how changes in the criteria priority weights would modify the spatial distribution of suitability classes in relation to the main model. The results yield maps that represent the distribution of suitability classes for sugarcane and soybean expansion. Pasturelands become more or less suitable for sugarcane or soybean allocation according to shifts in the influence of each criterion in the model. The designed models show results that may assist policymakers with geospatial information about priority areas where investments and efforts should be directed for sustainable agricultural expansion in Brazil.
A história do avanço da fronteira agrícola no Brasil tem sido intrinsecamente relacionada ao desmatamento. Embora perdas ambientais sejam, por vezes, inevitáveis no contexto de uma expansão agrícola, elas devem ser reduzidas sempre que possível. Tentando não seguir um padrão de desenvolvimento feito à custa de desmatamentos, e pensando numa forma mais sustentável de expansão da agricultura, nós avaliamos nesse estudo a possibilidade de expansão agrícola, para produção de alimentos e de biocombustíveis, sem o comprometimento do ecossistema natural existente no país. O Brasil tem um grande potencial agrícola atribuído à significativa quantidade de solos aptos para agricultura com clima e topografia favoráveis. Para abastecer o mercado agrícola nacional e assumir uma posição de liderança global na exportação de alimentos e biocombustíveis, ações devem ser tomadas pelo Brasil para o planejamento desse potencial de expansão. Esse planejamento seria um modelo alternativo para o avanço da fronteira agrícola, oposto aos padrões de avanço anteriores diretamente relacionados ao desmatamento. Uma forma de conseguir um padrão de desenvolvimento sustentável poderia ser pela identificação de terras agrícolas aptas à essa expansão sem estimular maiores perdas de florestas. As pastagens ocupam grandes áreas no Brasil e são consideradas recursos estratégicos para a eficácia dessa expansão, uma vez que representam áreas que já foram desmatadas e oferecem algum tipo de infraestrutura. Dado o atual potencial biofísico de produção, estima-se que as áreas de pastagem destinadas à pecuária bovina podem estar sendo subutilizadas. O objetivo desse trabalho é desenvolver um modelo de alocação espacial fundamentado numa análise de decisão multicritério e SIG com base na aptidão agrícola das terras, de forma a fornecer informações geoespaciais estratégicas aos tomadores de decisão sobre a localização das áreas potenciais para a expansão da cana-de-açúcar e soja no Brasil. A análise de decisão multicritério (MCDA) consiste na integração de dados edafoclimáticos, de infraestrutura e socioeconômicos para a identificação das áreas de pastagens aptas para a alocação dessas culturas. Para aumentar a confiabilidade do modelo, uma equipe de especialistas em cana-deaçúcar e soja foi selecionada para julgar a prioridade das variáveis no processo de análise. A combinação dos julgamentos fornece uma prioridade geral das variáveis, as quais alimentam o modelo. \"E se\" cenários foram também elaborados para mostrar como as mudanças nos pesos dos critérios modificariam a distribuição espacial das classes de aptidão com relação ao modelo principal. Os resultados são exibidos através de mapas que representam a distribuição das classes de aptidão agrícola para a alocação dos cultivos da cana-de-açúcar e soja. As pastagens tornam-se tanto mais adequadas para a alocação da cana ou soja de acordo com as mudanças na influência de cada critério no modelo. Os modelos projetados mostram resultados favoráveis que podem ajudar os tomadores de decisão com informações geoespaciais que identificam áreas prioritárias onde investimentos e esforços deveriam ser direcionados para estimular a expansão agrícola sustentável no Brasil.

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33

PASI, RICCARDO. "Flood impact over urban system : how to assess and manage urban vulnerabilities to adapt spatial planning practices at the municipal scale." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278743.

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34

Burns, Malcolm C. "The (re)positioning of the Spanish metropolitan system within the European urban system (1986-2006)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6137.

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The thesis seeks to demonstrate that during the period between 1986 and 2006, some of the principal cities of the Spanish metropolitan system1, have undergone significant change in terms of their European competitiveness. It is suggested that in the case of Madrid and Barcelona in particular this change has been of such a magnitude to proportion them a much more important place within the European spatial configuration than that which they occupied in the mid-1980s. Empirical evidence is offered to support this conjecture. The thesis lies wholly within the framework of spatial planning at the European territorial scale.It charts the comparative ascent of the Spanish cities from the moment of Spain's entry into the European Union (EU) in 1986 against the background of the development of European spatial policy, increased economic integration across Europe, the increased importance of the 'territorial' dimension of EU cohesion policy and an eventual waning of the applicability of the terminology of 'core' and 'periphery' to describe European geographical location.Part One (Chapter 1) addresses the processes of urbanisation in general from a global perspective and then focuses on metropolitan growth in a number of different historical contexts from the start of the 19th Century. Parts Two (Chapters 2-5) and Three (Chapters 6-9) of the thesis carry out analyses at two contrasting but complementary spatial scales. Part Two examines the metropolitan growth processes in Spain, in the period since 1857, detecting the historical moments in which there were surges in the metropolitan populations of the seven cities of the metropolitan system. The dimensions of the spatial units of analysis corresponding to the seven Spanish metropolitan urban regions are described, based upon a methodology first developed by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in the context of a transnational spatial planning project of the INTERREG community initiative2. These seven spatial units form the basis for a socio-economic analysis of the structure of the metropolitan system, drawing upon data principally from the 2001 Census. If by 1930 one of the key characteristics of Spain's urban system was having not just one but two cities (Madrid and Barcelona) belonging to the group of 27 cities across the world with populations in excess of 1 million inhabitants3, this same differentiation between the country's two largest cities and the remainder of the urban system is equally valid today. Spain's urban system remains clearly bicephalous in being dominated by these same two cities in terms of demographic and economic strength.Part Three begins by examining the evolution of European spatial policy against the background of an ever-enlarging European Union and changes with regard to the notion of cohesion - from a concept understood in terms of economic and social factors, to one in which the territorial dimension has become increasingly important. The European urban system is then critically examined through a number of key and influential studies, with particular regard to the rankings and hierarchies of metropolitan urban regions deriving there from and the changes in the placing of the Spanish metropolitan urban regions therein.Taking inspiration from the seminal contribution of Manuel Castells4 in the context of the structural changes resulting from the informational and technological revolution, the thesis seeks to replicate the concept of a 'space of flows'. This is carried out through a 'network analysis' approach drawing upon air passenger flows between some 28 European metropolitan urban regions of the EU15+2 group of countries, enabling the analysis of the interaction between these 28 cities. This methodology enables arriving at a number of descriptive indicators which in turn, through the application of a multi-dimensional scaling mathematical technique, permits comparing the functional and physical distances of each of the metropolitan urban regions from the centre of the 'conceptual space of air passenger flows' and the centre of gravity. The resulting map of the functional positioning of the cities offers a spatial vision of metropolitan Europe quite different to that based upon Cartesian coordinates. Such an approach enables demonstrating that cities such as Barcelona, Madrid, Helsinki, Lisbon and Athens, traditionally considered as physically peripheral to the European core area, appear to be more favourably positioned in functional terms. Furthermore in the case of Spain the results indicate that Barcelona lies closer to the centre of the conceptual 'space of air passenger flows' than Madrid.In light of this empirical evidence, together with the signs of increased economic integration across some parts of Spain, the prospects of Spain forming part of a wider European territorial concentration of flows and activities, and the recognition of the territorial capital of Madrid and Barcelona within recent EU spatial policy declarations, the thesis concludes in Part Four that these two metropolitan regions have undergone a clear consolidation and (re)positioning within the European metropolitan hierarchy.

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35

Ghattas, Niveen [Verfasser], and Karina [Akademischer Betreuer] Pallagst. "The Formulation of a Spatial Planning Support System used for the Sustainability Attainment Assessment of the Land Use Planning Process in the Egyptian Cities / Niveen Ghattas ; Betreuer: Karina Pallagst." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153768496/34.

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36

Burns, Malcolm. "The (re)positioning of the Spanish metropolitan system within the European urban system (1986-2006)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6137.

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Анотація:

The thesis seeks to demonstrate that during the period between 1986 and 2006, some of the principal cities of the Spanish metropolitan system1, have undergone significant change in terms of their European competitiveness. It is suggested that in the case of Madrid and Barcelona in particular this change has been of such a magnitude to proportion them a much more important place within the European spatial configuration than that which they occupied in the mid-1980s. Empirical evidence is offered to support this conjecture. The thesis lies wholly within the framework of spatial planning at the European territorial scale.

It charts the comparative ascent of the Spanish cities from the moment of Spain's entry into the European Union (EU) in 1986 against the background of the development of European spatial policy, increased economic integration across Europe, the increased importance of the 'territorial' dimension of EU cohesion policy and an eventual waning of the applicability of the terminology of 'core' and 'periphery' to describe European geographical location.

Part One (Chapter 1) addresses the processes of urbanisation in general from a global perspective and then focuses on metropolitan growth in a number of different historical contexts from the start of the 19th Century. Parts Two (Chapters 2-5) and Three (Chapters 6-9) of the thesis carry out analyses at two contrasting but complementary spatial scales. Part Two examines the metropolitan growth processes in Spain, in the period since 1857, detecting the historical moments in which there were surges in the metropolitan populations of the seven cities of the metropolitan system. The dimensions of the spatial units of analysis corresponding to the seven Spanish metropolitan urban regions are described, based upon a methodology first developed by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in the context of a transnational spatial planning project of the INTERREG community initiative2. These seven spatial units form the basis for a socio-economic analysis of the structure of the metropolitan system, drawing upon data principally from the 2001 Census. If by 1930 one of the key characteristics of Spain's urban system was having not just one but two cities (Madrid and Barcelona) belonging to the group of 27 cities across the world with populations in excess of 1 million inhabitants3, this same differentiation between the country's two largest cities and the remainder of the urban system is equally valid today. Spain's urban system remains clearly bicephalous in being dominated by these same two cities in terms of demographic and economic strength.

Part Three begins by examining the evolution of European spatial policy against the background of an ever-enlarging European Union and changes with regard to the notion of cohesion - from a concept understood in terms of economic and social factors, to one in which the territorial dimension has become increasingly important. The European urban system is then critically examined through a number of key and influential studies, with particular regard to the rankings and hierarchies of metropolitan urban regions deriving there from and the changes in the placing of the Spanish metropolitan urban regions therein.

Taking inspiration from the seminal contribution of Manuel Castells4 in the context of the structural changes resulting from the informational and technological revolution, the thesis seeks to replicate the concept of a 'space of flows'. This is carried out through a 'network analysis' approach drawing upon air passenger flows between some 28 European metropolitan urban regions of the EU15+2 group of countries, enabling the analysis of the interaction between these 28 cities. This methodology enables arriving at a number of descriptive indicators which in turn, through the application of a multi-dimensional scaling mathematical technique, permits comparing the functional and physical distances of each of the metropolitan urban regions from the centre of the 'conceptual space of air passenger flows' and the centre of gravity. The resulting map of the functional positioning of the cities offers a spatial vision of metropolitan Europe quite different to that based upon Cartesian coordinates. Such an approach enables demonstrating that cities such as Barcelona, Madrid, Helsinki, Lisbon and Athens, traditionally considered as physically peripheral to the European core area, appear to be more favourably positioned in functional terms. Furthermore in the case of Spain the results indicate that Barcelona lies closer to the centre of the conceptual 'space of air passenger flows' than Madrid.

In light of this empirical evidence, together with the signs of increased economic integration across some parts of Spain, the prospects of Spain forming part of a wider European territorial concentration of flows and activities, and the recognition of the territorial capital of Madrid and Barcelona within recent EU spatial policy declarations, the thesis concludes in Part Four that these two metropolitan regions have undergone a clear consolidation and (re)positioning within the European metropolitan hierarchy.
La tesis trata de demostrar que durante el período entre 1986 y 2006, unas de las principales ciudades del sistema metropolitano español, han experimentado un cambio significativo en términos de su competitividad europea. Es sugerido que en el caso de Madrid y Barcelona en particular este cambio ha sido de tal magnitud para proporcionarlas un lugar mucho más importante dentro de la configuración territorial espacial europea que dichas ciudades ocuparon en el mediado de los años 80. Se ofrece evidencia empírica para sostener esta conjetura. La tesis se sitúa dentro demarco de la ordenación territorial a la escala europea. Traza la subida relativa de las ciudades españolas desde el momento de la entrada de España en la Unión Europea(UE) en 1986, contra el fondo del desarrollo de la política territorial europea, la integración económica aumentada a través de Europa, la importancia aumentada de la dimensión "territorial" de la política de la cohesión de UE y una eventual disminución de la aplicabilidad de la terminología del "centro" y la "periferia" para describir la ubicación geográfica europea. La Primera Parte (Capítulo 1) está dirigida a evaluar los procesos de la urbanización en general, desde una perspectiva global, y después se centra en examinar el crecimiento metropolitano en varios contextos históricos, a partir del comienzo del siglo XIX. La Segunda (Capítulos 2-5) y Tercera Partes (Capítulos 6-9) de la tesis llevan a cabo unos análisis en dos escalas territoriales contrastantes pero complementarias. La Segunda Parte examina los procesos del crecimiento metropolitano en España, a partir de 1857, discerniendo los momentos históricos en los que había oleadas en las poblaciones ‘metropolitanas’ de las siete ciudades del sistema metropolitano. Se describe las dimensiones de las unidades espaciales de análisis que corresponden a las siete regiones urbanas metropolitanas españolas, basadas en una metodología desarrollado por el Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña (UPC) en el contexto de un proyecto trasnacional de ordenación territorial de la iniciativa comunitaria INTERREG. Estas siete unidades espaciales forman la base para un análisis socioeconómico de la estructura del sistema metropolitano, utilizando datos principalmente del 2001 Censo. Si en el año 1930 una de las características claves del sistema urbano de España era de tener no sólo una, pero dos ciudades (Madrid y Barcelona) perteneciendo al grupo de 27 ciudades a través del mundo con poblaciones por encima de 1 millón de habitantes, esta misma diferenciación entre las dos ciudades más grandes del país y el resto del sistema urbano es hoy igualmente válida. El sistema urbano de España se queda claramente bicéfalo en ser dominado por estas mismas dos ciudades en términos de fuerza demográfica y económica. La Tercera Parte comienza examinando la evolución de la política territorial europea contra el fondo de una Unión Europea cada vez más grande y los cambios con respecto a la noción de la cohesión – de un concepto entendido en términos de factores económicos y sociales, a uno en que la dimensión territorial ha llegado a ser cada vez más importante. A continuación, se examina de manera crítica el sistema urbano europeo mediante algunos estudios influyentes, con la consideración particular a las clasificaciones y las jerarquías de las regiones urbanas metropolitanas que derivan de estos estudios, y a los cambios en la colocación de las regiones urbanas metropolitanas españolas en dichos estudios. Tomando inspiración de la contribución seminal de Manuel Castells en el contexto de los cambios estructurales que resultan de la revolución de información y tecnológica, la tesis trata de replicar el concepto de un 'espacio de flujos'. Esto es llevado a cabo por un enfoque de "network analysis" que utiliza los flujos de pasajeros aéreos entre unas 28 regiones urbanas metropolitanas europeas del grupo de EU15+2 países, permitiendo el análisis de la interacción entre estas 28 ciudades. Esta metodología permite desarrollar varios indicadores descriptivos que permiten, a su vez, por la aplicación de una técnica matemática de escalamiento multi-dimensional, comparar las distancias funcionales y físicas de cada una de las regiones urbanas metropolitanas del centro del 'espacio conceptual de flujos de pasajeros aéreos’ y el centro de la gravedad. El mapa resultante del posicionamiento funcional de las ciudades ofrece una visión espacial de Europa metropolitana bastante diferente a la que se base en los coordinados cartesianos. Tal enfoque permite demostrar que ciudades como Barcelona, Madrid, Helsinki, Lisboa y Atenas, consideradas tradicionalmente como físicamente periféricas al área central de europea, parecen ser posicionadas más favorablemente en términos funcionales. Además, en el caso de España, los resultados indican que Barcelona queda más cerca al centro del conceptual 'espacio de flujos de pasajero aéreos’ que Madrid. A la luz de esta evidencia empírica, junto con los signos de la integración económica aumentada a través de algunas partes de España, las perspectivas de que España formará parte una más amplia concentración territorial europea de flujos y actividades y del reconocimiento de la capital territorial de Madrid y Barcelona dentro de las recientes las declaraciones de política territorial de la UE, la tesis concluye, en la Cuarta Parte que estas dos regiones metropolitanas han experimentado una clara consolidación y (re)posicionamiento dentro de la jerarquía metropolitana europea.

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Samuelsson, Karl. "Spatial analyses of people's experiences in urban landscapes." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Miljövetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29047.

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Limiting cities’ negative impact for global sustainability suggests compact city development. However, extensive and accessible urban nature is important for urban dwellers’ wellbeing. Aligning efforts to make cities locally and globally sustainable means resolving this conflict. This thesis applies spatial analysis of urban dwellers’ regularly occurring experiences, as these are important wellbeing indicators, looking specifically at Stockholm, Sweden. The aim is to contribute to a nuanced understanding of urban environments’ influence on urban dwellers’ experiences. Paper I investigates how accessibility to various environment features impact the probability that people have positive or negative experiences. Paper II applies resilience principles to investigate what experiences exist together in neighbourhoods. The environment have considerable influence on people’s experiences. Some common indicators in urban planning display weak relationships with experiential outcome, while other less common ones have larger effects. Neighbourhood compositions of experiences display consistent patterns, both spatially across Stockholm and with respect to resilience principles. Many neighbourhoods harbour diverse positive experiences, while a few are dominated by negative ones. The results suggest that human-environment relations should be given more consideration in urban discourse and urban planning. A relational approach could improve urban dweller’s experiences, and positively influence their wellbeing. For urban planning to be able to handle the complexity of such an approach, I suggest that resilience principles can be heuristics for an urban development that does not compromise people’s experiences. The methodological framework developed here can be applied in other cities, as it can identify specific places for transformation, but also increase knowledge of the interplay between urban environments and people’s experiences across different contexts.
För att begränsa städers negativa påverkan på global hållbarhet förordas ofta kompakta stadsmiljöer. För att säkra stadsbors välbefinnande krävs emellertid stora och tillgängliga naturområden. Denna konflikt måste lösas för att nå en stadsutveckling som bidrar till både lokal och global hållbarhet. Denna avhandling består av två studier av Stockholm som tillämpar rumslig analys av människors upplevelser, då dessa är viktiga indikatorer för välbefinnande. Den undersöker hur tillgänglighet till olika miljöfaktorer är relaterade till positiva och negativa upplevelser. Vidare tillämpar den resiliensprinciper för att undersöka vilka upplevelser som samexisterar på områdesskala. Stadsmiljön har betydande påverkan på människors upplevelser. Vissa vanliga indikatorer inom stadsplanering visar svaga samband med upplevelser, medan andra mindre vanliga har större effekter. Sammansättningar av upplevelser på områdesskala uppvisar genomgående mönster, både rumsligt och i förhållande till resiliensprinciper. Många områden innehåller en mångfald av positiva upplevelser, medan ett fåtal domineras av negativa upplevelser. Resultaten visar att relationer mellan människa och miljö bör ta en mer central plats i stadsplaneringen, då detta erbjuder möjligheter att förbättra stadsbors upplevelser. Resiliensprinciper kan fungera som tumregler inom stadsplaneringen för en stadsutveckling som inte äventyrar människors upplevelser. Metoden som utvecklats här kan appliceras i andra städer, då den kan identifiera specifika platser för omvandling, men också leda till djupare förståelse för samspelet mellan stadsmiljöer och människors upplevelser i olika sammanhang.

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Burger, Lizelle. "The design of a geographical information system for promotion of intergrated planning of transport and spatial affairs between all spheres of government." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9467.

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Includes bibliographical references.
With the common goal of improving Gauteng's transport sector in mind, the Member of Executive Council (MEC) for Public Transport, Roads and Works, concluded his recent budget speech by declaring " .... an unwavering commitment from my Department and I (sic), to accelerate our pace of delivery, improve our provision of services and generally contribute to creating the necessary environment for Gauteng to Work Better." (Jacobs, 2006) Strategically, this thesis is concerned with the primary responsibility and increased efforts of the Gauteng Department of Public Transport, Roads and Works (GPTRW) to obtain and manage the legally required datasets.

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DELMASTRO, CHIARA. "Advanced Urban Energy Planning: an interdisciplinary approach to improve heat decarbonization assessments." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2715107.

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Urban areas have been recognized as the heart of the decarbonisation process, being potential drivers of sustainable or unsustainable paths. The necessary transition to cleaner and more sustainable cities recently raised the research attention on the possible ways to perform urban energy planning. However, there is still not a wellrecognized procedure and an agreed methodological framework to support urban energy planning, leading to inappropriate strategy definitions, directly focusing on the design of a pre-defined plan. This thesis has the primary objective to contribute in providing a theoretical-methodological framework to support urban energy planning by exploring, applying, adapting and combining with other disciplines, the principal energy system planning methods and tools. A review of scientific literature was performed to identify the state-of-art significant limitations on which the thesis was structured. Without seeking to replace other existing modelling approaches and without presupposing a full knowledge in the different research disciplines, this Ph.D. dissertation provides a basis for understanding how the weaknesses of the different approaches can be rectified by the strengths of others to move beyond traditional urban energy planning applications focused on the built environment. Comprehensive energy system methods and tools are necessary at the planning stage to quantitatively consider interactions among sectors and demand and supply options over long-term horizons. Nevertheless, the thesis confirms that while they are incredibly useful for planning purposes, they cannot be used alone for urban applications and should be combined with other methodologies. This need is mostly related to the necessity of disposing of a detailed and highly disaggregated description of the demand and of the spatiality to deal with specific urban needs (critical areas, liveability, built environment constraints). In particular, spatial analyses are fundamental in urban planning to considerably improve the quality of planning and decision-making processes through intuitive visualization maps. Furthermore, the involvement of stakeholders is key to the success of the planning procedure: they speed the data collection process, support definition of assumptions and a shared city vision (qualitative evaluations). Given the complex nature of urban energy planning, an interdisciplinary and integrated methodological procedure - based on the actions of knowing, understanding and planning – is therefore proposed. The procedure combines building physics, energy planning and territorial analyses to create a preliminary methodological background able to deliver technical, financial and environmental insights for the definition of energy plans. The proposed methodological framework was applied to a case study that fixed the research boundaries to the demand and supply side of the urban built environment of district-heated cities. The case study, on the one hand, provides numerical evidence to results and on the other hand offers a theoretical background for guiding urban planners, researchers, and decision-makers in future urban planning applications. As a result, the proposed integrated and comprehensive framework provides evidence of the multiple benefits of taking into account synergies between demand and supply, particularly in term of avoided additional investments. The scenarios analysis confirms that ambitious environmental targets can be reached at reasonable added costs if investments are appropriately channelled. The suggested research advances in urban energy planning will allow achieving more informed assessments of appropriate strategic investments, their life-cycle costs, and energy/ environment ambitions. All the recommended planning phases are fundamental, and the author suggests to push future research and practices to enhance the procedure by dividing it into a planning stage (knowing & understanding/ planning/ prioritizing & deciding) and into an operational phase (designing/acting/ monitoring & informing), leading to a bi-directional flow of information between planning and operational models.

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Czerkauer-Yamu, Claudia Hedwig. "Strategic planning for the development of sustainable metropolitan areas using a multi-scale decision support system : the Vienna case." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1041.

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Une stratégie d’aménagement durable représente un enjeu important pour le développement des agglomérations contemporaines. L’aménagement durable implique le développement de stratégies visant à réduire l’utilisation des ressources, accroître l’efficacité économique et améliorer l’intégration des aspects sociaux (ex. environnements conviviaux pour les piétons, équilibre entre modes de transport public/privé, réseaux routiers performants, viabilisation des terres agricoles, économie du mouvement ; accès à l’emploi pour tous, commerces, services ; santé, culture et loisirs). A l’inverse, le développement fractal (ex. étalement urbain) n’est pas sans répercussions néfastes sur la nature et tend à augmenter le volume du trafic (principales critiques émises dans une étude de Newman & Kenworthy, 1989, portant sur les relations entre densité d’implantation et consommation d’énergie). Fait intéressant, une ville trop compacte induit un effet semblable car elle peut être à l’origine de flux de trafic pour accéder aux espaces verts et récréatifs ou des déménagements vers des endroits plus éloignés du centre que les lieux de résidence actuels des citadins.Les ménages ne se contentent pas d’utiliser les aménagements urbains intégrés dans les zones à forte densité de population, ils aspirent également à un accès aux espaces verts et récréatifs. Schwanen et al. (2004) ont mis en évidence le fait que les ménages tendaient à optimiser leur choix de résidence en fonction de l’accessibilité de divers types de commodités, un phénomène foncièrement lié au taux de fréquentation (quotidienne, hebdomadaire, mensuelle et occasionnelle) de ces dernières (cf. pratiques spatiales de la population).A l’échelle urbaine, une compacité excessive entraîne par ailleurs des problèmes écologiques, tels que le manque d’espaces verts pour approvisionner la ville en air frais (microclimat urbain). Nous recherchons ainsi une solution afin de gérer le développement fractal de manière à pouvoir concilier efficacement le couple antinomique espaces verts/espaces urbanisés. Cette solution doit également intégrer les aspects dynamiques d’une ville et minimiser les émissions et les coûts du trafic et prévenir la désagrégation des terres agricoles. Sur la base de l’observation selon laquelle l’espace urbain repose sur le principe de la géométrie fractale, il paraît intéressant d’explorer dans quelle mesure la géométrie fractale peut être mise à contribution en vue de résoudre l’antagonisme spatial compacité/étalement urbain. Le système d’aide à la décision (SAD) développé ici permet d’articuler espaces verts et zones urbaines en partant du concept hiérarchique sous-jacent en vue de fournir des espaces récréatifs à proximité de l’espace urbanisé en évitant toutefois la fragmentation du paysage ouvert. Ce concept implique en outre une hiérarchie des centres principaux et auxiliaires à une échelle métropolitaine. Il permet d’améliorer l’accessibilité aux installations fréquentées sur une base quotidienne, hebdomadaire, mensuelle et occasionnelle. Des distances plus importantes sont acceptées pour les installations moins fréquentées
A sustainable and sustaining planning strategy is globally important for metropolitan areas. Sustainable planning addresses the development of strategies to reduce the use of resources, increase economic efficiency and improve integration of social aspects (e.g. pedestrian-friendly environments, well-balanced public and private transport modes, efficient street networks, land use, movement economy; access for all to jobs, retail, services; healthcare, culture and leisure). In contrast, splinter development (e.g. urban sprawl) involves damage to nature and generation of an increasing volume of traffic (these are the main criticisms following a study by Newman and Kenworthy (1989) on the relationship between settlement density and energy consumption). Interestingly, the overly compact city also has this effect as it may generate traffic flows for accessing green and leisure areas, or changes of residence due to a favouring of sites that lie farther away from the centre than the inhabitants’ current places of residence. Households not only consume urban amenities integrated into densely populated areas, but also aspire to have access to green and leisure areas. Schwanen et al. (2004) showed that households usually optimize their residential choice with respect to accessibility to various types of amenities, which is inherently linked to the frequentation rate of these amenities (daily, weekly, monthly, and occasional) (c.f. spatial practice of people). Moreover, on an urban scale, over-compactness causes ecological problems such as a lack of green wedges for supplying the city with fresh air (urban microclimate).Thus, we aim to find a solution for managing dispersed development which marries the twin elements of green and built-up space in a highly efficient manner. This solution also needs to incorporate dynamic aspects of a city as well as minimizing traffic costs and emissions. Based on the observation that urban space is founded on the principle of fractal geometry, it seems interesting to explore to what extent fractal geometry may be drawn upon for solving the spatial antagonism of compactness and urban sprawl.The decision support system “Fractalopolis” developed herein allows an articulation of green areas and urbanised space based on the underlying hierarchical concept, thus providing leisure areas in the neighbourhood of urbanised space but avoiding fragmentation of open landscape. In addition, this concept introduces hierarchy of centres and sub-centres on a metropolitan scale, allowing accessibility to daily, weekly, monthly and occasionally frequented facilities to be improved. Larger distances are accepted for less frequented amenities

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Christofel, Aditya Billy. "OOPS! THEY BUILD IT AGAIN : A suitability analysis for future wind farm location in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161064.

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The world energy needs increasing in a significant number and currently it is mainly sourced from the finite fossil fuel. Other than that, fossil fuel is the main source of CO2 emissions that leads to the increasing rate of global warming that will ultimately change the earth's climate. Thus, researcher began to look for alternative energy that is renewable and has the least impact to the world's climate; one example is wind energy. Sweden has experienced a significant increase in wind energy generation, where the wind production constantly grows in the double-digit rates since 2010. However, developing a wind energy requires a significant research and feasibility study in order to provide an economically sustainable operation. Wind farm needs to be located in areas with a good wind potential, however there are several technical and economic limitation on where the wind farm should be located. On top of that, social rejection might also hinder the development of wind energy. Audio-visual obstruction and disturbance to the natural state of the environment are the main arguments that were used to challenge the development of wind farm. Therefore, a multi-disciplinary study needs to be conducted in order to find the perfect balance; which is exactly what this study is all about. The result of this study shows that despite the threat of climate change, wind farm in Sweden could thrive due to the increasing wind speed across the country. It was also discovered that around 30% of the country is suitable, from the social, technical, and economic point of view, as a new location for wind farms. This study also reveals that most of the canceled / rejected wind farms were probably caused by the social rejection due to their proximity to population center or conservation areas. This study also discussed the concept of place attachment and identity that leads to the NIMBY attitude and reflects the concept of the social acceptance issue that happened in Sweden and on how to localize the wind farm concept to the local residence.

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PIOLETTI, MAURIZIO. "Spatial governance in the Latin American and Caribbean region: a survey on metropolitan areas in Brazil, Bolivia and Cuba." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2827710.

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Loewen, Bradley. "Potentials of Polycentric Urban Regions in British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118736.

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British Columbia is characterized by a relatively hierarchical urban system. This study aims to identify areas of potential for the development of Polycentric Urban Regions (PURs) to provide a counterweight to the dominant urban core and to develop higher functions in peripheral areas to increase their long-term viability. Three methods are employed to assess the spatial-functional and political-institutional dimensions of organizing capacity for the development of PURs: spatial analysis to determine proximity between population centres by driving time and distance; Pareto analysis to measure the existing degree of polycentricity in regional districts; and a survey of regional planners to assess their knowledge, current planning activities and attitudes towards polycentricity. Eleven areas with potential for PUR development were identified, which each have unique spatial and political challenges and opportunities. In general, many areas have good spatial conditions, but differences in the role of the regional district as a planning coordinator will make a common approach to PUR development challenging. In future studies of these regions, it is recommended to focus on the outcomes of PUR development and the benefits that could be realized in each region according to more specific local conditions.

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Erdogan, Aygun. "Exploring Crime In A Spatial And Temporal Context: Suitable Response Strategies For Urban Planning And Policing By The Case Of Etlik Police Station Zone." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608961/index.pdf.

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This study explores incidents in a spatial and temporal context to achieve suitable strategies for urban planning and policing in crime prevention/reduction. For this purpose, space and time related incidents are analyzed through new crime ecology theories within the designed loose-coupled GIS-based system at mezo-micro ecological levels in a case area within Ankara Metropolis, in 2000. Its main argument is that incidents display differences in the spatial and/or temporal distribution among planned, squatter, and in-transition settlements. In exploring distribution of incidents at global and local scales, it also searches the validity and critical adaptability of the new theories developed/practiced in North American and European countries. In line with new theories, incidents at global scale displayed clustering in space and time. Generally, incidents in aggregate, concentrated mostly in planned
less in in-transition
least in squatter areas
and particularly during spring-summer months. However, incidents against people and against property predominated respectively in squatter and planned areas, and between 18:00-00:00, and 00:00-08:00. As for local scale, incidents in aggregate, displayed spatial interaction (clustering), but no space-time interaction. Spatial distribution in time suggested that incidents persistently occur mainly in planned areas. v Incidents against property displayed highest level of spatial, and also temporal clustering at global scale
and particularly spatial clustering (particularly for commercial burglaries/thefts) and space-time clustering (for residential burglaries) at local scale. Complementarily, relatively homogenous global scale spatial distribution of incidents against people is accompanied by their non local scale spatial clustering or space-time clustering, whereby space-time dispersion was observed for simple batteries.

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Mahrok, Abdel Rahman Abdel Hadi. "Physical planning system and the physical spatial structure of the human settlement : the case of Palestine from late 19th century to 1994 with special reference to Tulkarm city, West Bank." Thesis, Glasgow School of Art, 1995. http://radar.gsa.ac.uk/4023/.

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Human settlements are the basic constituents of the historical spatial organisation of society and its physical environment. The human settlement is composed of several elements which together form an overall system. These elements are the physical environment, society, the spatial structure and planning. The physical spatial structure of the settlement is an important framework within which other systems of the settlement exist and function. The physical spatial structure of the human settlement consists of five main elements; central area, neighbourhoods, the fringe, open land beyond the fringe and road system. The physical spatial structure of the settlement has always been affected by the decisions of people who live within it. These decisions constitute the physical planning system of the human settlement. The physical planning system aims to control and manage the physical spatial structure of the settlement. The physical planning system, in this respect, is seen as the state intervention in the control and management of the physical spatial structure of the settlement. The physical planning system is composed of two main elements; institutional arrangements and instrumental representations. The important question is what relationship does exist between the physical planning system and the physical spatial structure of the settlement? This research aims to investigate this problem by considering the physical planning system in Palestine and its relationship with the physical spatial structures of Palestinian settlements from the late 19th century to 1994. The importance of Palestine in this investigation depends on the fact that, within this century alone, Palestine had four different physical planning systems. These systems have drastically affected the physical spatial structures of Palestinian settlements. This research is based on the examination of the elements of each physical planning system in Palestine and the way by which they have affected the physical spatial structures of Palestinian settlements. A detailed case study is provided for the city of Tulkarm in order to illustrate the actual effects of the physical planning system in Palestine on elements of the physical spatial structure of this settlement. Within the above theoretical framework and empirical investigations, this research is an important attempt to achieve more insights into models and theories of both the physical planning system and the physical spatial structure of the settlement.

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Jin, Zhengyue. "Development of a transparent knowledge-based spatial decision support system for decentralised stormwater management planning case study ; selection of on-site stormwater management measures for urban catchments ; Chemnitz and Emscher Region, Germany /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97980907X.

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Goodspeed, Robert (Robert Charles). "Planning support systems for spatial planning through social learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81739.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 240-271).
This dissertation examines new professional practices in urban planning that utilize new types of spatial planning support systems (PSS) based on geographic information systems (GIS) software. Through a mixed-methods research design, the dissertation investigates the role of these new technologies in planning workshops, processes, and as metropolitan infrastructures. In particular, PSS are viewed as supporting social learning in spatial planning processes. The study includes cases in Boston, Kansas City, and Austin. The findings indicate high levels of social learning, broadly confirming the collaborative planning theory literature. Participants at planning workshops that incorporated embodied computing interaction designs reported higher levels of two forms of learning drawn from Argyris and Schöns' theory of organizational learning: single and double loop learning. Single loop learning is measured as reported learning. Double loop learning, characterized by deliberation about goals and values, is measured with a novel summative scale. These workshops utilized PSS to contribute indicators to the discussion through the use of paper maps for input and human operators for output. A regression analysis reveals that the PSS contributed to learning by encouraging imagination, engagement, and alignment. Participantsʼ perceived identities as planners, personality characteristics, and frequency of meeting attendance were also related to the learning outcomes. However, less learning was observed at workshops with many detailed maps and limited time for discussion, and exercises lacking PSS feedback. The development of PSS infrastructure is investigated by conducting a qualitative analysis of focus groups of professional planners, and a case where a PSS was planned but not implemented. The dissertation draws on the research literatures on learning, PSS and urban computer models, and planning theory. The research design is influenced by a sociotechnical perspective and design research paradigms from several fields. The dissertation argues social learning is required to achieve many normative goals in planning, such as institutional change and urban sustainability. The relationship between planning processes and outcomes, and implications of information technology trends for PSS and spatial planning are discussed.
by Robert Goodspeed.
Ph.D.

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Ploeger, Sarah Katherine. "Development and Application of the CanRisk Injury Model and a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) to Evaluate Seismic Risk in the Context of Emergency Management in Canada: Case Study of Ottawa, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31536.

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Approximately 43% of Canada’s population reside in urban centres at most seismic risk.This research creates practical and proactive tools to support decision making in emergency management regarding earthquake risk. This proactive approach evaluates the potential impact of future earthquakes for informed mitigation and preparedness decisions. The overall aims are to evaluate a community’s operational readiness, reveal limitations and resources gaps in the emergency plan, test potential mitigation and preparedness strategies and provide a realistic earthquake scenario for training activities. Two models, the CanRisk injury model and a disaster Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS), were designed and developed to further evaluate seismic risk on a community scale. The injury model is an extension of the engineering-based CanRisk tool and quantifies an individual’s risk to injury, the number of injuries, and provides an injury profile of life-threatening injuries at the building scale. The model implements fuzzy synthetic evaluation to quantify seismic risk, mathematical calculations to estimate number of injuries, and a decision-matrix to generate the injury profile. The SDSS is an evidence-based model that is designed for the planning phase to evaluate post-earthquake emergency response. Loss estimations from Hazus Canada and the CanRisk injury model are combined with community geospatial data to simulate post-earthquake conditions that are important for immediate post-earthquake response. Fire services, search and rescue operations (including urban search and rescue and police services), emergency medical services, and relief operations are all modelled. A case study was applied to 27 neighbourhoods in Ottawa, Canada, using a M6.0 and M7.25 scenarios. The models revealed challenges to all emergency response units. A critical threshold exists between the M6.0 and M7.25 scenarios whereby emergency response moves from partial but manageable functionality to a complete system breakdown. The models developed in this research show great utility to emergency managers in Canada.

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Vonk, Guido A. "Improving planning support : the use of planning support systems for spatial planning /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0802/2006436743.html.

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50

Sideris, Nikolaos. "Spatial decision support in urban environments using machine learning, 3D geo-visualization and semantic integration of multi-source data." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0083/document.

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La quantité et la disponibilité sans cesse croissantes de données urbaines dérivées de sources variées posent de nombreux problèmes, notamment la consolidation, la visualisation et les perspectives d’exploitation maximales des données susmentionnées. Un problème prééminent qui affecte l’urbanisme est le choix du lieu approprié pour accueillir une activité particulière (service social ou commercial commun) ou l’utilisation correcte d’un bâtiment existant ou d’un espace vide. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche pour aborder les défis précédents rencontrés avec les techniques d’apprentissage automatique, le classifieur de forêts aléatoires comme méthode dominante dans un système qui combine et fusionne divers types de données provenant de sources différentes, et les code à l’aide d’un nouveau modèle sémantique. qui peut capturer et utiliser à la fois des informations géométriques de bas niveau et des informations sémantiques de niveau supérieur et les transmet ensuite au classifieur de forêts aléatoires. Les données sont également transmises à d'autres classificateurs et les résultats sont évalués pour confirmer la prévalence de la méthode proposée. Les données extraites proviennent d’une multitude de sources, par exemple: fournisseurs de données ouvertes et organisations publiques s’occupant de planification urbaine. Lors de leur récupération et de leur inspection à différents niveaux (importation, conversion, géospatiale, par exemple), ils sont convertis de manière appropriée pour respecter les règles du modèle sémantique et les spécifications techniques des sous-systèmes correspondants. Des calculs géométriques et géographiques sont effectués et des informations sémantiques sont extraites. Enfin, les informations des étapes précédentes, ainsi que les résultats des techniques d’apprentissage automatique et des méthodes multicritères, sont intégrés au système et visualisés dans un environnement Web frontal capable d’exécuter et de visualiser des requêtes spatiales, permettant ainsi la gestion de trois processus. objets géoréférencés dimensionnels, leur récupération, transformation et visualisation, en tant que système d'aide à la décision
The constantly increasing amount and availability of urban data derived from varying sources leads to an assortment of challenges that include, among others, the consolidation, visualization, and maximal exploitation prospects of the aforementioned data. A preeminent problem affecting urban planning is the appropriate choice of location to host a particular activity (either commercial or common welfare service) or the correct use of an existing building or empty space. In this thesis we propose an approach to address the preceding challenges availed with machine learning techniques with the random forests classifier as its dominant method in a system that combines, blends and merges various types of data from different sources, encode them using a novel semantic model that can capture and utilize both low-level geometric information and higher level semantic information and subsequently feeds them to the random forests classifier. The data are also forwarded to alternative classifiers and the results are appraised to confirm the prevalence of the proposed method. The data retrieved stem from a multitude of sources, e.g. open data providers and public organizations dealing with urban planning. Upon their retrieval and inspection at various levels (e.g. import, conversion, geospatial) they are appropriately converted to comply with the rules of the semantic model and the technical specifications of the corresponding subsystems. Geometrical and geographical calculations are performed and semantic information is extracted. Finally, the information from individual earlier stages along with the results from the machine learning techniques and the multicriteria methods are integrated into the system and visualized in a front-end web based environment able to execute and visualize spatial queries, allow the management of three-dimensional georeferenced objects, their retrieval, transformation and visualization, as a decision support system

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Дисертації з теми "Spatial Planning System"

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