Статті в журналах: "Spatial multiplier"

1

Huang, Daquan, Han He, and Tao Liu. "The Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Employment Multipliers in China’s Expanding Cities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031016.

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In the process of urbanization in developing countries, creating enough jobs to realize the transition from an agricultural population to a non-agricultural population is a major goal of development. The differences and localities of cities need to be considered in the policymaking process. This study estimated the local employment multipliers of expanding cities in China and calculated the employment multiplier of each city. First, there are obvious differences in the size of employment multipliers across cities; therefore, it is necessary to adopt different policies in employment promotion. Second, an inverted-U-shape relationship is detected between employment multiplier and city size, namely the larger the city, the greater the employment multiplier, but when the city size exceeds a certain value, the employment multiplier begins to decline. Third, different degrees of influence are generated by factors for cities at different levels of economic development. Based on the research results, we suggest that expansion of the trade sector be promoted in small- and medium-sized cities, to give full play to its employment multiplier effect; meanwhile, in large cities, the degree of specialization of the trade sector and diversification of the non-trade sector should be improved.

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2

Gkouzos, Andreas, and Manolis Christofakis. "Multiplier effects under a disaggregate economic base model." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-12-2016-0259.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the multiplier effects of economic activities in the local economy of Greek non-metropolitan prefectures at NUTS3 level according to the Eurostat classification. Design/methodology/approach A disaggregate economic base model using OLS regression with clustered standard errors is implemented in 49 non-metropolitan prefectures and 17 economic activities for 2000 and 2012. The specific model indicates a clear picture of multiplier effects of economic activities among the prefectures as it has a similar logic to the input-output analysis while bearing in mind the spatial effects among prefectures. The specific model has not applied for testing base multipliers in the Greek economy according to the academic literature. Findings Non-traditional export-oriented activities play a significant role in the economic growth of the non-metropolitan prefectures. Their multiplier effects are higher than the traditional basic activities. Especially, some of these activities indicate strong shifts on specific local activities, which tend to be the significant multiplier effects on the overall local economy. Of course, the existence of agglomeration economies plays a considerable role in non-metropolitan prefectures with a significant population and non-metropolitan prefectures which are in insular space or belong to the perimetric and interior mountainous space, which are sparsely populated. Originality/value The specific model applies at the NUTS3 level, according to the Eurostat classification. Also, the model indicates that the multiplier effects come from non-traditional export activities, such as, information-communication, arts entertainment, health services, professional support services and real estate in the overall local economy. Finally, the spatial correlation influences the sectoral multipliers.

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3

Bondar, Aleksandr, Alexey Buzulutskov, Aleksandr Dolgov, Andrey Sokolov, and Ekaterina Shemyakina. "Study of Two-Phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detector Characteristics in Argon with Optical Readout Based on Matrix of Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes." Siberian Journal of Physics 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2013-8-2-36-43.

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In this article the operation of a two-phase cryogenic avalanche detector (CRAD) in Ar with optical readout using combined multiplier based on thick gas electronic multipliers (THGEMs) and a matrix of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GAPD) has been studied. The successful operation of such a detector when irradiated by x-ray photons with the average energy of 20 keV was demonstrated. The yield of such combined multiplier amounted at about 100 photoelectrons at THGEM avalanche gain of 160. In addition, the spatial resolution of the detector was measured; it turned out to be 1 mm

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4

Loehle, Craig. "Carbon Sequestration Due to Commercial Forestry: An Equilibrium Analysis." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-19-00041.

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Abstract Carbon sequestration is one of the tools being used to respond to climate change risks. It is known that carbon stored in wood products is a type of sequestration. However, time frames for evaluating wood use can affect conclusions about sequestration benefits; a long-term perspective and large spatial scale may help clarify these issues. Therefore, I undertook an equilibrium analysis of ongoing commercial forestry operations, relative to carbon sequestration, at the landscape scale. I found that for simple exponential decay functions for wood remaining in use over time, the total sequestered wood at equilibrium is simply the integral of the decay function multiplied by wood product produced. I show that this simple multiplier is a linear function of half-life. For a 50-year wood half-life, this equilibrium multiplier is 72.1. The half-life depends on the specific wood product (lumber, etc.). For waste wood used for energy at mills, typical values yielded a 100-year sequestration (avoided emissions) value of 12H where H is tons of carbon in logs delivered to the mill. This exercise demonstrates that commercial forestry is a significant provider of carbon sequestration through wood products, in addition to other sequestration benefits. The simple multipliers developed here are intuitive and can be easily used with operational wood product data at any scale.

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5

Anselin, Luc. "Lagrange Multiplier Test Diagnostics for Spatial Dependence and Spatial Heterogeneity." Geographical Analysis 20, no. 1 (September 3, 2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1988.tb00159.x.

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6

Domański, Bolesław, and Krzysztof Gwosdz. "Multiplier Effects in Local and Regional Development." Quaestiones Geographicae 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10117-010-0012-7.

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Multiplier Effects in Local and Regional Development The aim of the paper is to outline demand-driven multiplier mechanisms, the theory behind them, and applicable quantification methods (aggregate models and incremental methods). The authors discuss a number of key problems related to multiplier effects as fundamental mechanisms of local and regional development. The study of the magnitude, industry structure, spatial distribution, and key determinants of those effects can help understand growth mechanisms in local and regional economies and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages associated with new, e.g. foreign, investment. Furthermore, the results of earlier empirical studies of the magnitude, spatial distribution and determinants of multiplier effects are presented together with the outcomes of the authors' own study.

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7

Robinson, Peter M., and Francesca Rossi. "Improved Lagrange multiplier tests in spatial autoregressions." Econometrics Journal 17, no. 1 (January 21, 2014): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ectj.12025.

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8

Hanink, Dean M. "Spatial and Geographical Effects in Regional Multiplier Analysis." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 3 (March 2007): 748–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37307.

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9

Imadudina, Annisaa Hammidah, Widiyanto Hari Subagyo Widodo, and Agustina Nurul Hidayati. "Land Use Predictions To The Response Of Kediri Airport." Jurnal Spatial Wahana Komunikasi dan Informasi Geografi 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spatial.221.1.

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Kediri Regency is a district with sufficient development with the existence of PSN for the construction of Kediri Airport. Kediri Airport was finally designated as PSN. This Rp 10 trillion airport is included in PSN in accordance with Presidential Regulation Number 56 of 2018. After Kediri Airport, Immediately Build the Kertosono-Tulungagung Toll Road. Land Acquisition for the Kediri Section is Completed in 2021. With this national strategic project, investment development in Kediri Regency will definitely increase. Based on the above, it is very necessary to predict future land use to be able to know the response of land use to the integrated airport and toll road project. The methods used in this research are remote sensing, GIS analysis, cellular automata analysis and descriptive analysis. Knowing the spatial response will be a very meaningful input for planners, especially in formulating plans to maximize the multiplier effect caused by the airport and toll roads on the surrounding space.

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10

Galanin, M. P., V. V. Lukin, and P. V. Solomentseva. "Comparison of the Lagrange Multipliers Function Approximation Methods in Solving Contact Problems by the Independent Contact Boundary Technique." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 6 (105) (December 2022): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2022-6-17-32.

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The paper considers the contact problem of the elasticity theory in a static spatial two-dimensional formulation without considering friction. For discretization of the elasticity theory equations, the finite element method was introduced using a triangular unstructured grid and linear and quadratic basis functions. To account for the contact boundary conditions, a modified method of Lagrange multipliers with independent contact boundary is proposed. This method implies the ability to construct a contact boundary with the smoothness degree required for the solution precision and to execute approximation of the Lagrange multiplier function independent of the grids inside the contacting bodies. Various types of the Lagrange multiplier function approximations were studied, including piecewise constant, continuous piecewise linear functions and piecewise linear functions with discontinuities at the difference cells boundaries. Examples of test calculations are provided both for problems with rectilinear and curvilinear contact boundaries. In both cases, the use of discontinuous approximations of the Lagrange multiplier function makes it possible to obtain a numerical solution with fewer artificial oscillations and higher rate of convergence at the grid refinement. It is shown that the numerical solution precision could be improved by more detailed discretization of the contact boundary without changing the grids inside the contacting bodies

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11

Bondar, Aleksandr, Alexey Buzulutskov, Aleksandr Dolgov, Sergey Peleganchuk, Rostislav Snopkov, Andrey Sokolov, Ekaterina Shemyakina, and Lev Shekhtman. "Proposal for Two-Phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detector for Dark Matter Search and Low-Energy Neutrino Detection." Siberian Journal of Physics 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2013-8-3-13-26.

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The proposal for the detector of ultimate sensitivity for Dark Matter search and low-energy neutrino detection, including that of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, is presented, based on the technique of two-phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors (CRADs) in Ar. Such a detector, with a 160 l cryogenic chamber, will be able to operate in single electron counting mode with superior (~ 1 mm) spatial resolution. To obtain such characteristics, a novel technique to detect ionization signal is applied, namely an optical readout using combined multiplier comprising of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) and a matrix of Geiger-mode APDs (GAPDs)

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12

Kolesnikov, Nikolai, and Natalia Kolesnikova. "Spatial economic effects of the use of local resources: case of cement-bonded wood fiber blocks." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303041.

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Use of local resources as a replace for resources brought from outside the region impacts the spatial allocation of value-added chains and causes spatial economic effects. Region benefits from multiplier economic effect caused by extra production volumes added within the region. Effects for national economy could be controversial if the replacing production is less efficient. The article considers the case of cement-bonded wood fiber construction blocks to be produced in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Economic multiplier regional effects are assessed applying social accounting matrix approach.

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13

Dong, Keqiang, and Liao Guo. "Research on the Spatial Correlation and Spatial Lag of COVID-19 Infection Based on Spatial Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 30, 2021): 12013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112013.

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COVID-19 has spread throughout the world since the virus was discovered in 2019. Thus, this study aimed to identify the global transmission trend of the COVID-19 from the perspective of the spatial correlation and spatial lag. The research used primary data collected of daily increases in the amount of COVID-19 in 14 countries, confirmed diagnosis, recovered numbers, and deaths. Findings of the Moran index showed that the propagation of infection was aggregated between 9 May and 21 May based on the composite spatial weight matrix. The results from the Lagrange multiplier test indicated the COVID-19 patients can infect others with a lag.

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14

Sanusi, Wahidah, Hisyam Ihsan, and Nur Hikmayanti Syam. "Model Regresi Spasial dan Aplikasinya dalam Menganalisis Angka Putus Sekolah Usia Wajib Belajar di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan." Journal of Mathematics, Computations, and Statistics 1, no. 2 (May 19, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/jmathcos.v1i2.9241.

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Abstrak. Penduduk Sulawesi Selatan pada kelompok pengeluaran terendah menunjukkan bahwa banyak dari mereka mengalami putus sekolah. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi angka putus sekolah yaitu lokasi antar wilayah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengaplikasikan regresi spasial untuk memodelkan angka putus sekolah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pengujian dependensi spasial dan pemilihan model regresi spasial dilakukan menggunakan uji Moran’s I dan Langrange Multiplier (LM). Dari hasil penelitian, kasus putus sekolah untuk tingkat SMP tidak memiliki dependensi spasial baik dalam lag maupun error dan berdasarkan model regresi klasiknya diperoleh variabel prediktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi variabel respon adalah jumlah penduduk miskin . Sedangkan untuk kasus angka putus sekolah tingkat SMA, diperoleh dependensi spasial dalam error sehingga model regresi spasial yang digunakan adalah Spatial Error Model (SEM) dan matriks pembobotnya adalah queen contiguity. Matriks pembobot tersebut menggambarkan ukuran kedekatan antar wilayah pengamatan. Hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa variabel prediktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi variabel respon adalah jumlah penduduk miskin dan kepadatan penduduk , dengan nilai 89,78% dan AIC = 430,604.Kata Kunci: Langrange Multiplier, Moran’s I, Putus Sekolah, Regresi Spasial, Spatial Error Model (SEM). Abstract. The population of South Sulawesi in the lowest expenditure group shows that many of them have dropped out of school. One of the factors that influence the drop out rate is location between regions. The purpose of this study was applying spatial regression to the model drop out rates in South Sulawesi Province. Spatial dependency test and spatial regression model selection were performed using Moran's I and Langrange Multiplier (LM) tests. From the results of the study, the drop out case for junior high school didn’t have spatial dependencies either in lag or error and based on the classical regression model obtained predictor variable significantly affect the response variable was the number of poor people . As for the case of high school drop out rate, obtained spatial dependency in error so that spatial regression model used was Spatial Error Model (SEM) and weighting matrix was queen contiguity. The weighted matrix represents the measure of proximity between observation areas. The result of spatial analysis indicates that the significant predictor variable influencing the response variable was the number of the poor and the population density , with = 89.78% and AIC = 430,604.Keywords: Lagrange Multiplier, Moran's I, School Drop Out, Spatial Regression, Spatial Error Model (SEM).

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15

Yi, Myeong‐Jong, Jung‐Ho Kim, and Seung‐Hwan Chung. "Enhancing the resolving power of least‐squares inversion with active constraint balancing." GEOPHYSICS 68, no. 3 (May 2003): 931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1581045.

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Most geophysical inverse problems are solved using least‐squares inversion schemes with damping or smoothness constraints to improve stability and convergence rate. Since the Lagrangian multiplier controls resolution and stability of the inverse problem, we always want to use the optimum multiplier, which is not easy to get and is usually obtained by experience or a time‐consuming optimization process. We present a new regularization approach, in which the Lagrangian multiplier is set as a spatial variable at each parameterized block and automatically determined via the parameter resolution matrix and spread function analysis. For highly resolvable parameters, a small value of the Lagrangian multiplier is assigned, and vice versa. This approach, named “active constraint balancing” (ACB), tries to balance the constraints of the least‐squares inversion according to sensitivity for a given problem so that it enhances the resolution as well as the stability of the inversion process. We demonstrate the performance of the ACB by applying it to a two‐dimensional resistivity tomography problem, which results in a remarkable enhancement of the spatial resolution. Enhancement of the resolution is also verified in the application of resistivity tomography to a field data set acquired at a tunnel construction site.

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16

Belaid, M., and Ke Wu. "Frequency multiplier using waveguide-based spatial power-combining architecture." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 53, no. 4 (April 2005): 1124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2005.845720.

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17

Bilicz, Hanga Lilla. "The Causal Relationship Between Income Deprivation and Depression with Special Emphases on the Importance of Spatiality." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2023-0033.

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Abstract Subject and purpose of work This paper focuses on the causal relationship between territorial levels of income deprivation and depression. It seeks to shed light on the importance of spatial dependence in said relationship. Materials and methods The paper uses the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation as a data source to model the level of depression present across Scotland dependent on income deprivation and health and education control variables. OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) modelling is used to confirm causality and a SARMA (Spatial Autoregressive Moving Average) model is built to capture the spatial dimension as well. Results Evidence is found that geographical space has an effect on the relationship between depression and deprivation, and the presence of spillover effects to neighbouring areas, and hence a multiplier effect can also be assumed. Conclusions Taking the found spatial multiplier effect into account when making resource allocation decisions could help to better target policies regarding e.g. social wellbeing and mental health.

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18

Rahmawati, Desie, and Hardian Bimanto. "Perbandingan Spatial Autoregressive Model dan Spatial Error Model dalam Pemodelan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Timur." Jurnal Statistika dan Aplikasinya 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jsa.05104.

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Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) merupakan indikator untuk mengukur keberhasilan upaya pembangunan kualitas hidup manusia yang telah dicapai. Pertumbuhan IPM di suatu wilayah dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor geografis yaitu besarnya angka IPM di suatu wilayah dapat memengaruhi angka IPM pada wilayah yang berdekatan sehingga faktor geografis diduga dapat memengaruhi dan memberikan efek dependensi spasial pada nilai IPM di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemodelan pada faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Unit pengamatan pada penelitian ini adalah 38 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Timur tahun 2017. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) dan Spatial Error Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai uji Lagrange Multiplier (lag) dan Lagrange Multiplier (error) terdapat dependensi lag dan error. Variabel prediktor yang secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap nilai IPM pada model SAR dan SEM antara lain Angka Harapan Hidup, Rata-rata Lama Sekolah, Angka Harapan Lama Sekolah dan Kemampuan daya beli masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan model SEM dengan nilai R2 terbesar dan nilai AIC terkecil sehingga model SEM lebih baik digunakan untuk menganalisis nilai IPM di Provinsi Jawa Timur dibandingkan model SAR dan model regresi OLS.

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19

Mindu, N., and D. P. Mason. "Derivation of Conservation Laws for the Magma Equation Using the Multiplier Method: Power Law and Exponential Law for Permeability and Viscosity." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/585167.

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The derivation of conservation laws for the magma equation using the multiplier method for both the power law and exponential law relating the permeability and matrix viscosity to the voidage is considered. It is found that all known conserved vectors for the magma equation and the new conserved vectors for the exponential laws can be derived using multipliers which depend on the voidage and spatial derivatives of the voidage. It is also found that the conserved vectors are associated with the Lie point symmetry of the magma equation which generates travelling wave solutions which may explain by the double reduction theorem for associated Lie point symmetries why many of the known analytical solutions are travelling waves.

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20

Soinbala, Elsa Kristiana, and Rokhana Dwi Bekti. "PERBANDINGAN METODE SPATIAL LAG X, SPATIAL AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL DAN SPATIAL ERROR MODEL UNTUK FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA DI PROVINSI NTT." Jurnal Statistika Industri dan Komputasi 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34151/statistika.v8i1.4417.

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Pengangguran merupakan keadaan seseorang yang tergolong dalam angkatan kerja dan tidak memiliki pekerjaan dan secara aktif sedang mencari pekerjaan. Pengangguran di suatu wilayah dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor geografis, yang merupakan besarnya angka pengangguran di suatu wilayah yang dapat mempengaruhi angka pengangguran pada wilayah yang berdekatan sehingga faktor geografis diduga dapat mempengaruhi dan memberikan efek dependensi spasial pada nilai pengangguran di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan metode Spatial Lag X, Spatial Autoregressive Model, dan Spatial Error Model, untuk Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Di Provinsi NTT. Unit pengamatan pada penelitian ini adalah 22 Kabupaten/ Kota di Provinsi NTT. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik Nusa Tenggara Timur tahun 2021. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Spatial Lag X (SLX), Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR), dan Spatial Error Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai uji Morans’I variabel presentase penduduk yang tidak mempunyai ijazah (X1), distibusi presentase PDRB atas harga berlaku (X3) terdapat autokorelasi atau keterkaitan antar wilayah Kabupaten di Provinsi NTT. Pada nilai uji Lagrange Multiplier, uji Robust Lagrange Multiplier error () memiliki dependensi spasial error. Variabel predictor yang secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengangguran pada model SLX dan SAR adalah distibusi presentase PDRB atas harga berlaku (X3), sedangkan pada model SEM adalah variabel Indeks pembangunan manusia (X4). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan model SEM memiliki nilai AIC terkecil sehingga model SEM lebih baik digunakan untuk menganalisis nilai tingkat pengangguran di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dibandingkan model Regresi OLS, SLX, dan SAR.

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Zhang, Haiyong, Dong Han, Kai Ji, Zhong Ren, Chi Xu, Lijuan Zhu, and Hongyan Tan. "Optimal Spatial Matrix Filter Design for Array Signal Preprocessing." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/564976.

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An efficient technique of designing spatial matrix filter for array signal preprocessing based on convex programming was proposed. Five methods were considered for designing the filter. In design method 1, we minimized the passband fidelity subject to the controlled overall stopband attenuation level. In design method 2, the objective function and the constraint in the design method 1 were reversed. In design method 3, the optimal matrix filter which has the general mean square error was considered. In design method 4, the left stopband and the right stopband were constrained with specific attenuation level each, and the minimized passband fidelity was received. In design method 5, the optimization objective function was the sum of the left stopband and the right stopband attenuation levels with the weighting factors 1 andγ, respectively, and the passband fidelity was the constraints. The optimal solution of the optimizations above was derived by the Lagrange multiplier theory. The relations between the optimal solutions were analyzed. The generalized singular value decomposition was introduced to simplify the optimal solution of design methods 1 and 2 and enhanced the efficiency of solving the Lagrange multipliers. By simulations, it could be found that the proposed method was effective for designing the spatial matrix filter.

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22

Venäläinen, Ari, Mikko Laapas, Pentti Pirinen, Matti Horttanainen, Reijo Hyvönen, Ilari Lehtonen, Päivi Junila, Meiting Hou, and Heli M. Peltola. "Estimation of the high-spatial-resolution variability in extreme wind speeds for forestry applications." Earth System Dynamics 8, no. 3 (July 5, 2017): 529–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-529-2017.

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Abstract. The bioeconomy has an increasing role to play in climate change mitigation and the sustainable development of national economies. In Finland, a forested country, over 50 % of the current bioeconomy relies on the sustainable management and utilization of forest resources. Wind storms are a major risk that forests are exposed to and high-spatial-resolution analysis of the most vulnerable locations can produce risk assessment of forest management planning. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of the wind multiplier approach for downscaling of maximum wind speed, using 20 m spatial resolution CORINE land-use dataset and high-resolution digital elevation data. A coarse spatial resolution estimate of the 10-year return level of maximum wind speed was obtained from the ERA-Interim reanalyzed data. Using a geospatial re-mapping technique the data were downscaled to 26 meteorological station locations to represent very diverse environments. Applying a comparison, we find that the downscaled 10-year return levels represent 66 % of the observed variation among the stations examined. In addition, the spatial variation in wind-multiplier-downscaled 10-year return level wind was compared with the WAsP model-simulated wind. The heterogeneous test area was situated in northern Finland, and it was found that the major features of the spatial variation were similar, but in some locations, there were relatively large differences. The results indicate that the wind multiplier method offers a pragmatic and computationally feasible tool for identifying at a high spatial resolution those locations with the highest forest wind damage risks. It can also be used to provide the necessary wind climate information for wind damage risk model calculations, thus making it possible to estimate the probability of predicted threshold wind speeds for wind damage and consequently the probability (and amount) of wind damage for certain forest stand configurations.

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23

Anekawati, Anik, Bambang Widjanarko Otok, Purhadi Purhadi, and Sutikno Sutikno. "Lagrange Multiplier Test for Spatial Autoregressive Model with Latent Variables." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081375.

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The focus of this research is to develop a Lagrange multiplier (LM) test of spatial dependence for the spatial autoregressive model (SAR) with latent variables (LVs). It was arranged by the standard SAR, where the independent variables were replaced by factor scores of the exogenous latent variables from a measurement model (in structural equation modeling) as well as their dependent variables. As a result, an error distribution of the SAR-LVs should have a different distribution from the standard SAR. Therefore, this LM test for the SAR-LVs is based on the new distribution. The estimation of the latent variables used a weighted least squares (WLS) method. The estimation of the SAR-LVs parameter used a two-stage least squares (2SLS) method. The SAR-LVs model was applied to the model with a positive and negative spatial autoregressive coefficient to illustrate how it was interpreted.

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24

Bondar, A., A. Buzulutskov, A. Dolgov, E. Shemyakina, and A. Sokolov. "Study of combined THGEM/GAPD-matrix multiplier in a two-phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detector in Ar." EPJ Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817402005.

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Two-phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors (CRADs) with combined THGEM/GAPD-matrix multiplier have become an emerging technique in rare-event experiments such as those of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering and dark matter search. In this work we continue to study the performance of the two-phase CRAD in Ar with THGEM/GAPD-matrix charge/optical readout. The matrix was composed of a 3×3 array of GAPDs (Geiger-mode APDs), optically recording THGEM-hole avalanches in the Near Infrared (NIR). Gain, time, amplitude and spatial resolution properties of the combined multiplier are described.

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Rosantiningsih, Ika, and Chotib Chotib. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FIRE OCCURRENCE IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA." Proceedings of The International Conference on Data Science and Official Statistics 2023, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34123/icdsos.v2023i1.275.

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The occurrence of fire incidents in urban villages of Jakarta Special Capital Region significantly impacted losses, necessitating prevention and handling efforts. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the spatial influence of social and physical variables (independent variables) such as sex ratio, vulnerable age population, number of buildings, and size of slum areas on fires (dependent variable) in Jakarta Special Capital Region. The analysis area includes five municipalities of Jakarta Special Capital Region. Secondary data were obtained from Central Agency of Statistics of Jakarta Special Capital Region, maps from the official site jakartasatu.jakarta.go.id, and publication data from Government of Jakarta Special Capital Region for 2020. Furthermore, the quantitative approach in descriptive and inferential analysis, determined using Microsoft Excel and GeoDa version 1.20.0.10, was used to evaluate the spatial relationships between adjacent sub-districts. Although the regression data processing results using GeoDa were significant, the spatial regression results with Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Lag and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) error > 0.05 were insignificant and significant when using the parameter 0.1. This means fire symptoms in Jakarta Special Capital Region do not have a spatial effect, contrary to the clustering observed between dependent and independent variables using Morans'I and Scatter Plots. The results of this study can aid the Jakarta provincial government in preventing and handling potential fires by restructuring slum areas to minimize the likelihood of such incidents.

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26

Le Gallo, Julie, Fernando A. López, and Coro Chasco. "Testing for spatial group-wise heteroskedasticity in spatial autocorrelation regression models: Lagrange multiplier scan tests." Annals of Regional Science 64, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 287–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00168-019-00919-w.

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27

Goncharov, I. N., E. N. Kozyrev, and I. V. Tvauri. "Modeling of Electronic Amplification Processes in Channels of Multipliers on Porous Structures of Aluminum Oxide." Proceedings of Universities. Electronics 25, no. 5 (October 2020): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/1561-5405-2020-25-5-402-409.

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The secondary-emission multiplier of spatial-distributed flows of electrons – microchannel membrane – determines along with the photocathode, luminescent screen, electron-optical system determines the amplifying characteristics of the electron-optical transformers, photoelectronic multipliers. This, in its turn, determines the application areas and the operating range of the items. The actual task is an improvement of the microchannel membrane parameters and the search for new approaches to manufacture on alternative materials of the secondary-emission multipliers. In the paper the use of self-organizing high-ordered porous anode structures of aluminum oxide as the secondary-electronic emitters have been considered. The theoretical and practical approaches to development and the implementation of the computer models of processes of multiplying electrons in the channel of the based on aluminum oxide, have been offered. Based on the results of the calculations, performed using this model, the amplifying ability of such channels has been determined, their optimal caliber is 25, and the supply voltage is 300 V. A comparative analysis of these characteristics of secondary electron multipliers with corresponding parameters of microchannel plates based on lead silicate glass has been performed. It has been determined that that porous anodized alumina may be suitable for the manufacture of secondary electron multipliers. Its secondary emission ability is comparable to lead silicate glass.

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28

Fazekas, I., and J. Lauridsen. "On the Lagrange multiplier test for spatial correlation in econometric models." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 93, no. 4 (February 1999): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02365057.

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29

Nnolim, Uche A. "FPGA-Based Hardware Architecture for Fuzzy Homomorphic Enhancement Based on Partial Differential Equations." International Journal of Image and Graphics 17, no. 04 (October 2017): 1750022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021946781750022x.

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This paper presents an efficient, high speed hardware architecture for a PDE-based variational fuzzy homomorphic color image enhancement algorithm for both RGB and HSI/HSV color space variants. The developed architecture avoids the use of filters either in the spatial or frequency domain, utilizing an easily implementable fuzzy membership function with a high boost emphasis filter characteristic. This eliminates multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations, which result in increased usage of hardware resources, especially in smaller FPGA devices where multipliers are costly. The resulting implemented multiplier-less architecture yields a soft filtering effect due to the fuzzy evaluation when compared with the hard and crisp homomorphic filters based in the frequency and spatial domain. Based on the device utilization information obtained from hardware synthesis, the fuzzy homomorphic algorithm is shown to be the least computationally complex and faster algorithm. Additionally, the proposed architecture consumes the least amount of hardware resources on the target FPGA when compared with the spatial domain homomorphic filter. This reduced hardware structural and computational complexity makes the system easily incorporated within a PDE-based framework for improved results, which enables gradual but controlled illumination correction. The results show that the proposed system is a more effective and versatile enhancement system than those found in the literature.

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30

Wang, Shuo, Zhibin Zhu, Ruwen Zhao, and Benxin Zhang. "Hyperspectral Image Restoration via a New Symmetric ADMM Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2023 (April 30, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8073365.

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For the hyperspectral image (HSI) denoising problem, a symmetric proximal alternating direction method multiplier (spADMM) is proposed to solve the sparse optimization problem which cannot be solved accurately by traditional ADMM. The proposed method finds a high-quality recovery method using the traditional low-rank Tucker decomposition method, which can fully take into account the overall spatial and spectral correlation between HSI bands by using the Tucker decomposition. By choosing appropriate steps to update the Lagrange multipliers twice, it makes the selection and use of variables more flexible and better for solving sparsity problems. To maintain stability, we also add appropriate proximity terms to solve the problem during the computation. Experiments have shown that the spADMM has better results than the traditional ADMM. The final experimental results on the dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

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31

Mourao, Paulo Reis, and Cilina Vilela. "‘No country for old men’? The multiplier effects of pensions in Portuguese municipalities." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 19, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747218000318.

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AbstractOne of the major findings of this paper, which studied the multiplier effects of pensions received at each Portuguese municipality since 2003, is that pensions stimulate the incomes of municipalities. We studied these effects also considering the spillovers from/to the surrounding areas. After discussing several models of spatial analysis, we chose the Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model. Our results were obtained after considering a proper set of control variables.

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32

Guo, Litian, Jianfei Fu, Hongli Li, and Ye Song. "Economic Principle Analysis of High-speed Railway Station Setting." E3S Web of Conferences 512 (2024): 03028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451203028.

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China’s construction of high-speed rail has accomplished outstanding achievements that have drawn attention from around the world and have played a significant role in driving economic and social development. To investigate the reasons behind the competition between neighboring cities in the region during the process of setting up a high-speed railroad station, the economic principles of high-speed railway construction and operation station setup and its role effect are analyzed using the theories of investment multiplier, spatial spillover, and pole-axis. This is intended to solve the mystery surrounding the competition for the station between neighboring regions and offer theoretical support for the science of high-speed railway station setup. The result of the study demonstrates that the construction and operation of high-speed railway has significant spatial spillover effects that effectively enhance local employment levels and promote the coordinated development of the regional economy along the routes, in addition to having multiplier effects on national income that cause the regional economy to grow exponentially.

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Kapishin, Mikhail, Vladimir Karjavin, Elena Kulish, Vasilisa Lenivenko, Alexander Makankin, Anna Maksymchuk, Vladimir Palichik, and Sergey Vasiliev. "GEM Detector Performance Assessment in the BM@N Experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817304007.

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The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) chambers are developed for modern purposes in the elementary particle physics. In the BM@N experiment, a GEM system is used for the reconstruction of the trajectories of the charged particles. The investigation of GEM performance (efficiency and spatial resolution) is presented.

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34

Biswas, Anjan, Nyah Coleman, Abdul H. Kara, Salam Khan, Luminita Moraru, Simona Moldovanu, Catalina Iticescu, and Yakup Yıldırım. "Shallow Water Waves and Conservation Laws with Dispersion Triplet." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073647.

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This paper secures solitary waves and conservation laws to the familiar Korteweg–de Vries equation and Gardner’s equation with three dispersion sources. The traveling wave hypothesis leads to the emergence of such waves. The three sources of dispersion are spatial dispersion, spatio–temporal dispersion and the dual-emporal–spatial dispersion. The conservation laws are enumerated for these models, evolved from the multiplier approach. The conserved quantities are computed with the solitary wave solutions that were recovered.

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35

Smith, Jared D., Laurence Lin, Julianne D. Quinn, and Lawrence E. Band. "Guidance on evaluating parametric model uncertainty at decision-relevant scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 9 (May 16, 2022): 2519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2519-2022.

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Abstract. Spatially distributed hydrological models are commonly employed to optimize the locations of engineering control measures across a watershed. Yet, parameter screening exercises that aim to reduce the dimensionality of the calibration search space are typically completed only for gauged locations, like the watershed outlet, and use screening metrics that are relevant to calibration instead of explicitly describing the engineering decision objectives. Identifying parameters that describe physical processes in ungauged locations that affect decision objectives should lead to a better understanding of control measure effectiveness. This paper provides guidance on evaluating model parameter uncertainty at the spatial scales and flow magnitudes of interest for such decision-making problems. We use global sensitivity analysis to screen parameters for model calibration, and to subsequently evaluate the appropriateness of using multipliers to adjust the values of spatially distributed parameters to further reduce dimensionality. We evaluate six sensitivity metrics, four of which align with decision objectives and two of which consider model residual error that would be considered in spatial optimizations of engineering designs. We compare the resulting parameter selection for the basin outlet and each hillslope. We also compare basin outlet results for four calibration-relevant metrics. These methods were applied to a RHESSys ecohydrological model of an exurban forested watershed near Baltimore, MD, USA. Results show that (1) the set of parameters selected by calibration-relevant metrics does not include parameters that control decision-relevant high and low streamflows, (2) evaluating sensitivity metrics at the basin outlet misses many parameters that control streamflows in hillslopes, and (3) for some multipliers, calibrating all parameters in the set being adjusted may be preferable to using the multiplier if parameter sensitivities are significantly different, while for others, calibrating a subset of the parameters may be preferable if they are not all influential. Thus, we recommend that parameter screening exercises use decision-relevant metrics that are evaluated at the spatial scales appropriate to decision making. While including more parameters in calibration will exacerbate equifinality, the resulting parametric uncertainty should be important to consider in discovering control measures that are robust to it.

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Laksono, Hani, Ernan Rustiadi, and Hermanto Siregar. "SPILLOVER SPASIAL NEGATIF PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI ANTAR KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR." TATALOKA 20, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.20.3.266-277.

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Various studies have been conducted to conceive the factors of regional economic growth and its nature in order to obtain the right formulation of regional development policy. The main aim of this research is exploring the spatial influence of economic growth in East Java Province. The result of Lagrange Multiplier test shows that the regencies/cities economic growth affects each other in the long term. Parameters estimation on spatial lag model shows that the spatial influence of economic growth inter regencies/cities is negative. These indicate that development activities in East Java Province have not been get synergistic yet.

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37

Susila, Muktar Redy, Rizfanni Cahya Putri, and Dian Arini. "PEMODELAN REGRESI SPASIAL INVESTASI LUAR NEGERI YANG MASUK KE INDONESIA." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol14iss4pp543-556.

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One of the important factors in the growth of a country's economy is investment. Sources of investment are divided into two, namely foreign investment and domestic investment. There are many benefits of foreign investment. These benefits are such as for development, employment, tax revenue, increasing foreign exchange, international trade, strengthening friendship with foreign countries and much more. The purpose of this research is to modeling of foreign investment in Indonesia using spatial regression. The predictor variables used are the number of labor and the net monthly salary. Based on the results of research analysis obtained information that the West Java province is the highest province to get investment funds from abroad. The highest net monthly salary in Indonesia is DKI Jakarta province. The highest number of labor in Indonesia is West Java Province. Based on the results of the Lagrange Multiplier test which showed a significant Lagrange Multiplier (lag) with a p-value < α = 5%. That's shows for the number of labor, the net monthly salary, and the foreign investment in Indonesia fulfill the spatial dependencies assumption. Based on the spatial regression model shows the number of labor, the net monthly salary, and the weighting has a significant impact on foreign investment in Indonesia.

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38

Yagan, Rawana, Ferhat Katmis, and Mehmet C. Onbaşlı. "Engineered Magnetization Dynamics of Magnonic Nanograting Filters." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7060081.

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Magnonic crystals and gratings could enable tunable spin-wave filters, logic, and frequency multiplier devices. Using micromagnetic models, we investigate the effect of nanowire damping, excitation frequency and geometry on the spin wave modes, spatial and temporal transmission profiles for a finite patterned nanograting under external direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields. Studying the effect of Gilbert damping constant on the temporal and spectral responses shows that low-damping leads to longer mode propagation lengths due to low-loss and high-frequency excitations are also transmitted with high intensity. When the nanowire is excited with stronger external RF fields, higher frequency spin wave modes are transmitted with higher intensities. Changing the nanowire grating width, pitch and its number of periods helps shift the transmitted frequencies over super high-frequency (SHF) range, spans S, C, X, Ku, and K bands (3–30 GHz). Our design could enable spin-wave frequency multipliers, selective filtering, excitation, and suppression in magnetic nanowires.

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39

Cipriani, Alessandra, Jan de Graaff, and Wioletta M. Ruszel. "Scaling Limits in Divisible Sandpiles: A Fourier Multiplier Approach." Journal of Theoretical Probability 33, no. 4 (November 7, 2019): 2061–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10959-019-00952-7.

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Abstract In this paper we investigate scaling limits of the odometer in divisible sandpiles on d-dimensional tori following up the works of Chiarini et al. (Odometer of long-range sandpiles in the torus: mean behaviour and scaling limits, 2018), Cipriani et al. (Probab Theory Relat Fields 172:829–868, 2017; Stoch Process Appl 128(9):3054–3081, 2018). Relaxing the assumption of independence of the weights of the divisible sandpile, we generate generalized Gaussian fields in the limit by specifying the Fourier multiplier of their covariance kernel. In particular, using a Fourier multiplier approach, we can recover fractional Gaussian fields of the form $$(-\varDelta )^{-s/2} W$$ ( - Δ ) - s / 2 W for $$s>2$$ s > 2 and W a spatial white noise on the d-dimensional unit torus.

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40

Stöver, Britta. "The regional significance of university locations in Lower Saxony." Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 78, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rara-2020-0014.

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AbstractUniversities are important economic actors and make a considerable impact on the demand and supply side of their local economies. The aim of this paper is to quantify, compare and classify the different economic demand-and supply-side contributions of the university locations within Lower Saxony (Germany) using a combination of multiplier analysis and spatial econometrics on a NUTS 3 level. In comparison to numerous other studies, this paper does not focus on the economic impact of individual cases or a selected university location but gives a complete picture of the importance and significance of all university locations within Lower Saxony. The income-induced direct and indirect demand effects are estimated using a rich data set of higher education statistics in combination with an income and employment multiplier derived from a regional input-output table. The supply-side effects, i.e. the impact of the education and research outcomes, are estimated with the help of spatial panel regressions, a model derived from human capital theory and knowledge spillover theory. The estimation results give a complete and reproducible impression of the importance and significance of the different university locations, offering the opportunity for comparisons and classifications.

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41

PARK, JONG YEOUL, SUN HYE PARK, and YONG HAN KANG. "BILINEAR OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE VELOCITY TERM IN A VON KÁRMÁN PLATE EQUATION." ANZIAM Journal 54, no. 4 (April 2013): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181113000205.

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AbstractWe consider a bilinear optimal control problem for a von Kármán plate equation. The control is a function of the spatial variables and acts as a multiplier of the velocity term. We first state the existence of solutions for the von Kármán equation and then derive optimality conditions for a given objective functional. Finally, we show the uniqueness of the optimal control.

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42

Li, Fan. "Low-Rank and Spectral-Spatial Sparse Unmixing for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (October 31, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9374908.

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Sparse unmixing is an important technique for hyperspectral data analysis. Most sparse unmixing algorithms underutilize the spatial and spectral information of the hyperspectral image, which is unfavourable for the accuracy of endmember identification and abundance estimation. We propose a new spectral unmixing method based on the low-rank representation model and spatial-weighted collaborative sparsity, aiming to exploit structural information in both the spatial and spectral domains for unmixing. The spatial weights are incorporated into the collaborative sparse regularization term to enhance the spatial continuity of the image. Meanwhile, the global low-rank constraint is employed to maintain the spatial low-dimensional structure of the image. The model is solved by the well-known alternating direction method of multiplier, in which the abundance coefficients and the spatial weights are updated iteratively in the inner and outer loops, respectively. Experimental results obtained from simulation and real data reveal the superior performance of the proposed algorithm on spectral unmixing.

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43

Argerami, M., D. Farenick, and P. Massey. "INJECTIVE ENVELOPES AND LOCAL MULTIPLIER ALGEBRAS OF SOME SPATIAL CONTINUOUS TRACE C*-ALGEBRAS." Quarterly Journal of Mathematics 63, no. 1 (October 5, 2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qmath/haq037.

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44

Kuznetsova, E. A. "Mineral resource centers in the spatial development of the economy." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 4 (May 18, 2022): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-2-4-121-128.

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In the current conditions of geopolitical instability, the problem of developing the regional space to strengthen the territorial integrity and ensure the energy security of the country becomes relevant. The spatial organization of mineral resource centers (MRCs) is one of the effective forms of regional development of Russian territories. In this article, the theoretical foundations of the spatial development of regions are considered, the prerequisites for the formation of the MRCs are indicated. The author formulated the definition of the MRC and its position in the general system of spatial development of the Arctic regions. The justification for supplementing the theoretical foundations of spatial organization is the interaction of corporate and state interests. The expediency of forming Arctic MRCs lies in the multiplier effect at the national, regional and corporate levels.

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45

Petrenz, P., and J. Puls. "Selfconsistent Models of Winds from Rotating Early-Type Stars – Application to B[e] star winds." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 175 (2000): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100056669.

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AbstractWe present results of 2.5-D radiation hydrodynamical simulations of winds from rapidly rotating stars. For the first time, we consider the dependence of the line statistics on local density and radiation temperature implying a spatial variation of the force-multiplier parameters k, α and δ which control the dynamics of the flow.We apply our models to the problem of disk formation in B[e]-star winds.

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46

Middela, Mounisai Siddartha, and Gitakrishnan Ramadurai. "Spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regression Models for Freight Trip Generation by Vehicle Type: Application to the Chennai Metropolitan Area in India." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2676, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211060035.

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During the last two decades, there has been substantial interest in developing freight trip generation (FTG) models. Most studies consider only truck trips or convert all freight trips into equivalent truck trips. Freight in several large cities is increasingly being moved by smaller vehicles. This calls for modeling FTG by vehicle type. The present research identifies and compares establishment characteristics affecting FTG by different vehicle types. In this context, spatial correlations among nearby establishments and the error-term correlations between independent models by vehicle type become relevant. Based on the Lagrange-Multiplier (LM) tests, we develop non-spatial seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models for freight trip production (FTP) and spatial SUR models with a spatial lag in the dependent variable to account for both spatial and error-term correlations for freight trip attraction (FTA). The results show that establishment type and size affect FTG by different vehicle types.

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47

Cao, Meng, Wenxing Bao, and Kewen Qu. "Hyperspectral Super-Resolution Via Joint Regularization of Low-Rank Tensor Decomposition." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 4116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204116.

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The hyperspectral image super-resolution (HSI-SR) problem aims at reconstructing the high resolution spatial–spectral information of the scene by fusing low-resolution hyperspectral images (LR-HSI) and the corresponding high-resolution multispectral image (HR-MSI). In order to effectively preserve the spatial and spectral structure of hyperspectral images, a new joint regularized low-rank tensor decomposition method (JRLTD) is proposed for HSI-SR. This model alleviates the problem that the traditional HSI-SR method, based on tensor decomposition, fails to adequately take into account the manifold structure of high-dimensional HR-HSI and is sensitive to outliers and noise. The model first operates on the hyperspectral data using the classical Tucker decomposition to transform the hyperspectral data into the form of a three-mode dictionary multiplied by the core tensor, after which the graph regularization and unidirectional total variational (TV) regularization are introduced to constrain the three-mode dictionary. In addition, we impose the l1-norm on core tensor to characterize the sparsity. While effectively preserving the spatial and spectral structures in the fused hyperspectral images, the presence of anomalous noise values in the images is reduced. In this paper, the hyperspectral image super-resolution problem is transformed into a joint regularization optimization problem based on tensor decomposition and solved by a hybrid framework between the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) and the proximal alternate optimization (PAO) algorithm. Experimental results conducted on two benchmark datasets and one real dataset show that JRLTD shows superior performance over state-of-the-art hyperspectral super-resolution algorithms.

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48

Omar Ramzi Jasim and Sarmad Abdulkhaleq Salih. "Comparison between the Bayesian method and the Particle Swarm Algorithm for Estimating a Spatial Autoregressive Model." Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences 20, no. 67, part 1 (September 30, 2024): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.20.67.1.22.

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The spatial autoregressive model is one of the models that is very similar to ordinary time series models, as the spatial mixed model is formed when the spatially lagged dependent variable is included as one of the explanatory variables. To find out whether or not there is spatial dependence between these variables, a spatial autoregressive model is used Moran Test. If this reliability is ignored or not taken into consideration, this leads to the loss of important information. Accordingly, in the research, the spatial autoregressive model was estimated when the model error is distributed with a mixed distribution (represented by the t-distribution) by the Bayesian method when the initial information is available from one side of the artificial intelligence algorithm, represented by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm from On the other hand, the application to real data related to the poverty gap sample in developing countries for the years (2005-2010-2015-2020) and through the Moran test and the Lagrange multiplier showed that there is a spatial autocorrelation between the observations and the researchers concluded that the subsequent probability distribution of the vector of parameters (▁θ) follows a multivariate t distribution, and the posterior probability distribution of the variance parameter was an uncommon but appropriate distribution (Proper), in addition to the superiority of the PSO algorithm for estimating the spatial autoregressive model with heavy tails in the Bayesian manner through the criteria of mean square error and mean relative error.

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49

Dzhurka, Natalya. "Estimating the Effects of Economic Interactions in a Hierarchically Organized Space: Possibilities of the Balance Method." Spatial Economics 18, no. 4 (2022): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.4.009-035.

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In this paper we discuss the capabilities of input-output tables for obtaining the estimates of system effects generated by interregional interactions in the hierarchically organized space. Two options of integrating the concepts of interregional interactions and central place are presented, one of which implies the a priori, the other – the a posteriori solution to the problem of identifying (constructing) a market hierarchy. While the first one is used only in situations when the system effects are reduced to the spill-over of economic activity from the periphery to the center, the second one is used in more general situations when the system effects include not only spill-over effects but also the feedback effects. We consider the feedback loop input-output analysis, which allows us to get a posteriori estimates of regions distribution by the levels of spatial hierarchy. And determine that it had varying effectiveness for the cases of Japan and Russia. In accordance with the existing methods of decomposition of spatial multipliers the system effects of interregional interactions are determined, on the one hand, as a residual multiplier effect obtained after identifying the effects of intra-regional interactions, on the other hand, as a result of superposition of the effects of interregional interactions within the framework of dyads, triads, tetrads, etc. composed of regions. In order to obtain estimates of the system effects generated by interactions on markets of different levels (provided that these levels are identified), we propose the method of localizable partition, organizing the calculation of the structural blocks of spatial multipliers in the ‘from the general to the particular’ logic (from the system effects of interactions on the national market to the effects of interactions on local markets). On the basis of this method, we estimate the size and structure of the system effects absorbed by the economies of the three central regions of Japan (Kanto, Chubu, Kinki), which form the core of the national economic space

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Oliveira, Andreia Maia, Hylke B. Akkerman, Saverio Braccini, Albert J. J. M. van Breemen, Lucia Gallego Manzano, Natalie Heracleous, Ilias Katsouras, et al. "A Large Area GEMPix detector for treatment plan verification in hadron therapy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012177.

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Quality Assurance in hadron therapy is crucial to ensure a safe and accurate dose delivery to the patients. This requires fast and reliable detectors with high spatial resolution. A first LaGEMPix prototype that combines a triple Gas Electron Multiplier and a highly pixelated readout based on a matrix of organic photodiodes coated on an oxide thin film transistor backplane has been built. The first version of the LaGEMPix has proven to have a limited spatial resolution, mainly attributed to the isotropic emission of the scintillation photons within the GEM holes. To improve the spatial resolution and confirm our predictions of the role of the photons, we built a new version of the detector with a reduced gap between the last GEM foil and the readout. Experimental results acquired using different methods and experimental set-ups show that the spatial resolution significantly improved with the new design.

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