Статті в журналах з теми "Spatial and Temporal Documentation"
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Vidal-Filho, Jarbas Nunes, Valéria Cesário Times, Jugurta Lisboa-Filho, and Chiara Renso. "Towards the Semantic Enrichment of Trajectories Using Spatial Data Infrastructures." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10120825.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The term Semantic Trajectories of Moving Objects (STMO) corresponds to a sequence of spatial-temporal points with associated semantic information (for example, annotations about locations visited by the user or types of transportation used). However, the growth of Big Data generated by users, such as data produced by social networks or collected by an electronic equipment with embedded sensors, causes the STMO to require services and standards for enabling data documentation and ensuring the quality of STMOs. Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI), on the other hand, provide a shared interoperable and integrated environment for data documentation. The main challenge is how to lead traditional SDIs to evolve to an STMO document due to the lack of specific metadata standards and services for semantic annotation. This paper presents a new concept of SDI for STMO, named SDI4Trajectory, which supports the documentation of different types of STMO—holistic trajectories, for example. The SDI4Trajectory allows us to propose semi-automatic and manual semantic enrichment processes, which are efficient in supporting semantic annotations and STMO documentation as well. These processes are hardly found in traditional SDIs and have been developed through Web and semantic micro-services. To validate the SDI4Trajectory, we used a dataset collected by voluntary users through the MyTracks application for the following purposes: (i) comparing the semi-automatic and manual semantic enrichment processes in the SDI4Trajectory; (ii) investigating the viability of the documentation processes carried out by the SDI4Trajectory, which was able to document all the collected trajectories.
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Drobiz, M. V. "Mapping spatial and temporal dynamics of Kaliningrad region’s natural and economic systems." Geodesy and Cartography 943, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2019-943-1-136-145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author assesses the spatial-and-temporal dynamics of Kaliningrad region’s natural and economic systems on the basis of historical and cartographic analysis by comparing topographic maps XIX–XX centuries with modern ones. The vectoring techniques of archival maps and mapping using specialized software and according to the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation are described. The author evaluates the results in view of the chosen research methodology accurately. New qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the natural and economic systems transformation are resulted. The author indicates the results of the natural and economic systems transformations modeling on the cartographic material (accumulation of alluvial deposits with islands forming, moving unfixed dunes, etc.). As a result, an Atlas of post-war changes in the Kaliningrad region (based on topographic maps) is compiled.
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Perry, Jennifer E., and Christopher S. Jazwa. "Spatial and Temporal Variability in Chert Exploitation on Santa Cruz Island, California." American Antiquity 75, no. 1 (January 2010): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.75.1.177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chert outcrops on eastern Santa Cruz Island were of vital importance to the inhabitants of the Santa Barbara Channel region because of their comparatively limited availablity elsewhere on the California Channel Islands. Temporally diagnostic artifacts and radiocarbon dates from associated shell middens suggest that chert quarries were exploited throughout the Holocene. The importance of these quarries has been well documented in regard to microlith production as part of the shell bead industry during the late Holocene. However, relatively little is known about local chert tool manufacture and exchange in earlier times. Systematic documentation of 26 known chert quarries, and sampling at associated shell middens on eastern Santa Cruz Island has resulted in the identification of significant spatial variability in chert exploitation through time. Whereas chert quarrying during the middle Holocene appears to have been opportunistic and dispersed throughout the landscape, comparable activities during the late Holocene became increasingly circumscribed as microlith production was intensified. These trends in chert procurement are interpreted in the context of temporal changes in subsistence, tool manufacture, and residential mobility on the northern Channel Islands, and have broad implications for spatial and temporal patterning in prehistoric lithic exploitation.
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Jamal, Haroon, and Amir Jahan Khan. "The Changing Profile of Regional Inequality." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i2pp.113-123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a growing concern in developing and transition economies that spatial and regional inequality, of economic activity, incomes, and social indicators, is on the increase. Regional inequality is a dimension of overall inequality, but it has added significance when spatial and regional divisions align with political and ethnic tensions to undermine social and political stability. Despite these important popular and policy concerns, surprisingly there is little systematic and coherent documentation of the facts of what has happened to spatial and regional inequality over the past twenty years. This paper is an attempt to meet this gap. It provides changing scenarios of multi-dimensional inter-temporal spatial inequality and level of development in Pakistan during early 1980s and late 1990s.
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Dewi, Ni Made Savitri, I. Wayan Resen, and I. Dewa Ayu Devi Maharani Santika. "Types of deixis in the song lyrics of ariana grande’s thank u, next album." Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/traverse.v3i1.63.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research entitled “Type of Deixis in The Song Lyrics of Ariana Grande’s thank u, next Album”. Deixis is an expression in language that in used to point who to person deixis, where to place deixis, and when to time deixis. The objectives in this research is to find out and identify types of deixis in the song lyrics of Ariana Grande’s thank u, next Album. Documentation method is used in collecting the data using listening, reading and note taking techniques. Qualitative method is used to analyze the data by using descriptive language for explaining the data. The result of this research shows that all types of deixis are found in the song lyrics of Ariana Grande’s thank u, next album which include person deixis, spatial deixis, temporal deixis, social deixis and discourse deixis. This research found the occurrences of 550 person deixis (81%), 109 temporal deixis (9%), 7 discourse deixis (1%), 32 spatial deixis (7%), and 19 social deixis (9%).
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Cavanaugh, Nicholas R., and Samuel S. P. Shen. "Northern Hemisphere Climatology and Trends of Statistical Moments Documented from GHCN-Daily Surface Air Temperature Station Data from 1950 to 2010." Journal of Climate 27, no. 14 (July 10, 2014): 5396–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00470.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The first four statistical moments and their trends are calculated for the average daily surface air temperature (SAT) from 1950 to 2010 using the Global Historical Climatology Network–Daily station data for each season relative to the 1961–90 climatology over the Northern Hemisphere. Temporal variation of daily SAT probability distributions are represented as generalized linear regression coefficients on the mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis calculated for each 10-yr moving time window from 1950–59 to 2001–10. The climatology and trends of these statistical moments suggest that daily SAT probability distributions are non-Gaussian and are changing in time. The climatology of the first four statistical moments has distinct spatial patterns with large coherent structure for mean and standard deviation and relatively smaller and more regionalized patterns for skewness and kurtosis. The linear temporal trends from 1950 to 2010 of the first four moments also have coherent spatial patterns. The linear temporal trends in the characterizing statistical moments are statistically significant at most locations and have differing spatial patterns for different moments. The regionalized variations specific to higher moments may be related to the climate dynamics that contribute to extremes. The nonzero skewness and kurtosis makes this detailed documentation on the higher statistical moments useful for quantifying climate changes and assessing climate model uncertainties.
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McRae, D. J., J. Z. Jin, S. G. Conard, A. I. Sukhinin, G. A. Ivanova, and T. W. Blake. "Infrared characterization of fine-scale variability in behavior of boreal forest fires." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 2194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spatial and temporal variability in forest fire behavior, caused by differences in microsites, fuel types and condition, topography, and other factors across even relatively small areas, has been poorly characterized in most previous studies. Past characterization of forest fires has often been limited by monitoring techniques that relied on timing systems in coarse-resolution sampling grids. We report documentation and analysis of fire behavior for several experimental fires using a camcorder-sized infrared camera mounted in a helicopter hovering over the target fires. These fires were conducted as part of the Russian FIRE BEAR Project in boreal Pinus sylvestris L. forests of central Siberia. Final results provide quantitative information on fire front location, rates of spread, temperatures, and total radiation energy (kW/m2) observed during the fires at resolutions from 2.5 to 1.0 m across experimental burn plots ranging from 2.3 to 4.0 ha. Further postfire analysis using GIS produced a detailed spatial and temporal quantification of fireline intensity (kW/m) across the plot area. This type of infrared monitoring and analysis helps to support clearer assessment of relationships between fire behavior and ecological impacts. Such data permit accurate fire behavior estimates at various temporal and spatial scales rather than using an overall plot average. This method allows the sample size to be quite large, so that statistical analysis of the fire behavior data can provide an associated level of confidence.
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Boochs, F., A. Trémeau, O. Murphy, M. Gerke, J. L. Lerma, A. Karmacharya, and M. Karaszewski. "Towards A Knowledge Model Bridging Technologies And Applications In Cultural Heritage Documentation." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5 (May 28, 2014): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-81-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper documents the formulation of an international, interdisciplinary study, on a concerted European level, to prepare an innovative, reliable, independent and global knowledge base facilitating the use of today’s and future optical measuring techniques for the documentation of cultural heritage. Cultural heritage professionals, color engineers and scientists share similar goals for the documentation, curation, long-term preservation and representation of cultural heritage artifacts. Their focus is on accuracy in the digital capture and remediation of artefacts through a range of temporal, spatial and technical constraints. A shared vocabulary to interrogate these shared concerns will transform mutual understanding and facilitate an agreed movement forward in cultural heritage documentation here proposed in the work of the COST Action Color and Space in Cultural Heritage (COSCH). The goal is a model that captures the shared concerns of professionals for a standards-based solution with an organic Linked Data model. The knowledge representation proposed here invokes a GUI interface for non-expert users of capture technologies, facilitates, and formulates their engagement with key questions for the field.
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Tyler, Carrie L., and Michał Kowalewski. "Surrogate taxa and fossils as reliable proxies of spatial biodiversity patterns in marine benthic communities." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1850 (March 15, 2017): 20162839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rigorous documentation of spatial heterogeneity (β-diversity) in present-day and preindustrial ecosystems is required to assess how marine communities respond to environmental and anthropogenic drivers. However, the overwhelming majority of contemporary and palaeontological assessments have centred on single higher taxa. To evaluate the validity of single taxa as community surrogates and palaeontological proxies, we compared macrobenthic communities and sympatric death assemblages at 52 localities in Onslow Bay (NC, USA). Compositional heterogeneity did not differ significantly across datasets based on live molluscs, live non-molluscs, and all live organisms. Death assemblages were less heterogeneous spatially, likely reflecting homogenization by time-averaging. Nevertheless, live and dead datasets were greater than 80% congruent in pairwise comparisons to the literature estimates of β-diversity in other marine ecosystems, yielded concordant bathymetric gradients, and produced nearly identical ordinations consistently delineating habitats. Congruent estimates from molluscs and non-molluscs suggest that single groups can serve as reliable community proxies. High spatial fidelity of death assemblages supports the emerging paradigm of Conservation Palaeobiology. Integrated analyses of ecological and palaeontological data based on surrogate taxa can quantify anthropogenic changes in marine ecosystems and advance our understanding of spatial and temporal aspects of biodiversity.
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Abbate, E., G. Sammartano, and A. Spanò. "PROSPECTIVE UPON MULTI-SOURCE URBAN SCALE DATA FOR 3D DOCUMENTATION AND MONITORING OF URBAN LEGACIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-11-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The investigation on the built urban heritage and its current transformations can progressively benefit from the use of geospatial data related to urban environment. This is even more interesting when urban design studies of historical and stratified cities meet the contribution of 4D geospatial data within the urban morphology researches, aiming at quickly and accurately identifying and then measuring with a spatial relationship, both localized transformation (volumes demolitions, addition, etc…) and wide-scale substantial modification resulting from urban zones of diversification spaces that incorporates urban legacies. In this domain, the comparison and analysis of multi-source and multi-scale information belonging to Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) organized by Municipality and Region Administration (mainly, orthoimages and DSM and digital mapping) are a crucial support for multi-temporal spatial analysis, especially if compared with new DSMs related to past urban situations. The latter can be generated by new solution of digital image-matching techniques applicable to the available historical aerial images. The goal is to investigate the amount of available data and their effectiveness, to later test different experimental tools and methods for quick detection, localization and quantification of morphological macro-transformation at urban scale. At the same time, it has been examined the opportunity to made available, with up-and-coming Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) based on image- and range-based techniques, a rapid and effective approach of data gathering, updating and sharing at validated urban scales. The presented research, carried out in the framework of the FULL@Polito research lab, applies to urban legacies and their regeneration, and is conducted on a key redevelopment area in northern Torino, the Parco Dora, that was occupied by steel industries actively working up to 1992. The long-standing steel structures of the Ferriere FIAT lot have been refurbished and incorporated in the new urban park, generating a contemporary space with a new evolving urban fabric, and being integrated in the new updated geo-spatial databases as well.</p>
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Skandfer, Marianne, Charlotte Damm, and Jan Magne Gjerde. "Stone Age dwellings, sites and environment in coastal northern Norway: surveys and documentation of house-pit sites." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021103204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The northernmost parts of Europe has a large number of sites with Stone Age house-pits, the majority of which date from c. 5000 BC onwards. Remarkably, the remains of these dwellings are many places still visible on the surface. In northern Norway, such dwellings concentrate in the coastal areas, with a more limited number found on inland sites. In order to use these in analyses of settlement duration, distribution and organization a more uniform and coherent documentation of both individual structures and site characteristics must be ensured. In an ongoing research project on Stone Age Demographics, we have developed and tested different levels of settlement site documentation, scaling from single structures over site topography to reconstruction of past environments. Through substantial surveying in our study region in coastal western Finnmark, northern Norway, we have collected extensive and uniform documentation of dwellings, sites and environment. This systematic documentation allows us to not just discuss dwellings within one specific site, but to consider also regional and supra-regional patterns and variability. This is required if we are to consider both spatial variation and temporal developments in the use and role of pit-houses.
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Moraga, Paula, and Laurie Baker. "rspatialdata: a collection of data sources and tutorials on downloading and visualising spatial data using R." F1000Research 11 (July 11, 2022): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.122764.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spatial and spatio-temporal data are used in a wide range of fields including environmental, health and social disciplines. Several packages in the statistical software R have been recently developed as clients for various databases to meet the growing demands for easily accessible and reliable spatial data. While documentation on how to use many of these packages exist, there is an increasing need for a one stop repository for tutorials on this information. In this paper, we present rspatialdata a website that provides a collection of data sources and tutorials on downloading and visualising spatial data using R. The website includes a wide range of datasets including administrative boundaries of countries, Open Street Map data, population, temperature, vegetation, air pollution, and malaria data. The goal of the website is to equip researchers and communities with the tools to engage in spatial data analysis and visualisation so that they can address important local issues, such as estimating air pollution, quantifying disease burdens, and evaluating and monitoring the United Nation’s sustainable development goals.
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Rhodes, Ekaterina, Kira Craig, Aaron Hoyle, and Madeleine McPherson. "How Do Energy-Economy Models Compare? A Survey of Model Developers and Users in Canada." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115789.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Governments at all levels rely on energy-economy models to design climate policy portfolios. Models vary in their purposes and methodologies, yet there is limited research comparing model characteristics and identifying models suitable for specific policy questions. We conduct a web-based survey of energy-economy model users and developers (n = 14) in Canada’s public, private, and non-profit sectors, to systematically compare seventeen models against the following characteristics: Technology representations, microeconomic and macroeconomic details, policy representations, treatment of uncertainty, high-resolution spatial and temporal representations, and data transparency. We find that for the most part, models represent technology, micro-, and macroeconomic characteristics according to the typology of bottom-up, top-down, and hybrid models. However, several modelling evolutions have emerged. To varying extents, top-down models can explicitly represent technologies and some bottom-up models incorporate microeconomic (non-financial) characteristics. We find that models differ in the types of policies they can simulate, sometimes underrepresenting performance regulations, government procurement, and research and development programs. All models use at least one method to explore uncertainty, rarely incorporate spatial and temporal representations, and most models lack publicly available methodological documentation. We discuss the implications of our comparative model analysis for climate policy projections and future research.
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Khitun, Olga V., Tatiana M. Koroleva, Svetlana V. Chinenko, Vladislav V. Petrovsky, Elena B. Pospelova, Igor N. Pospelov, and Andrei Zverev. "Applications of local floras for floristic subdivision and monitoring vascular plant diversity in the Russian Arctic." Arctic Science 2, no. 3 (September 2016): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2015-0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The local flora method has been used by Russian botanists for studying vast wilderness areas. The method strives to determine the total flora within a certain limited area and provides comparable data for spatial comparisons between different locations and temporal comparisons at the same location. Complete vascular plant diversity was sampled in 240 localities with an area between 100 and 300 km2 each throughout the Russian Arctic. These data were incorporated in a specially developed Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). This database provides a unique opportunity to study spatial gradients of different floristic variables. Pairwise similarity of species composition and proportions of various phytogeographical groups in local floras were used in a floristic subdivision of the Russian Arctic. The floristic units derived by this method often resembled subprovinces of B.A. Yurtsev (1994. J. Veg. Sci. 5(6): 765–776), but there were also several areas of nonalignment. Application of local floras for monitoring of temporal changes has several constraints. However, nine local floras were revisited 20–70 years after the initial survey. Increases in the number of Boreal and Hypoarctic species were recorded in the southern local floras. Standardized methods and the use of modern technical tools for accurate documentation could enable use of this approach at observatories across the Arctic.
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Sarumaha, Matias Serius, M. Ali Pawiro, and Devi Pratiwy. "DEICTIC EXPRESSIONS IN THE HOLY BIBLE OF LOCAL NIAS LANGUAGE." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jol.v4i2.5814.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research deals with the deictic expressions in the Holy Bible of local Nias language. The objectives of the study are to discuss and identify the deixis in the Holy Bible. The research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The data were the epistle of Paul to Philemon which consist of 25 verses. They were collected and analyzed by using a documentation method. The steps were (1) reading the text, (2) finding and marking the deixis, (3) classifying the types of deixis, (4), finding the data, putting sign and making checklist on it, and (5) drawing the conclusions. The results of this research show that there are five types of deixis found in the epistle of Paul to Philemon in the Holy Bible of local Nias language; they are person deixis, spatial deixis, temporal deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. The results also show that the deixis mostly found is the person deixis with the frequency of 65 (70%). The following deixis is social deixis that appears 10 times (11%). The discourse deixis appears with the frequency of 9 (10%) while the temporal deixis appears with the frequency of 7 (7%). The deixis that appears the least is spatial deixis with a frequency of 2 (2%).
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Noel, Vernelle A. A. "New Technologies in the Preservation of Cultural Artifacts with Spatial, Temporal, Corporeal, Kinetic Dimensions: Artifacts in the Trinidad Carnival." Studies in Digital Heritage 1, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v1i2.23277.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cultural artifacts with spatial, temporal, corporeal, and kinetic dimensions are difficult to describe, display, and interact when it comes to their preservation and exhibition. These artifacts - which I call STiCK artifacts - are large three-dimensional sculptures or structures that occupy physical space, last for a short period of time, and are performed by the human body. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the challenges associated with these artifacts and propose three solutions to them. Using four STiCK artifacts in the Trinidad Carnival as a case study, I illustrate how we might develop new ways of describing, representing, and interacting with STiCK artifacts for the preservation using: (1) parametric modelling, (2) augmented reality technology, and (3) embodied computer interaction. By analyzing, translating, parametrizing, and modeling existing textual and visual documentation describing the artifacts I address these problems with new technologies. Findings include the development of new ways of describing these artifacts for heritage and preservation; its ability to allow users to engage in embodied interaction through, and with these artifacts; and its ability to teach users how to design and how to perform the artifacts.
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Rücker, Gernot, Amara Ouattara, N’Dri Pascal Kouame, David Leimbach, Dejan Popovic, Jean-Luc Kouassi, Djafarou Tiomoko, Roger Kouadio, and Adama Tondossama. "A strategic approach to sourcing and using fire information in northern Côte d’Ivoire." Tropical Forest Issues, no. 61 (November 10, 2022): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55515/rzqq3055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In many protected areas across Africa, information on fire regimes and land management has not been available at the required level of detail. Furthermore, it is challenging to compile information in a way that is useful for decision making and for tracking the effects of implementation. On the other hand, recent years have seen a rapid increase in free Earth observation data, computing power, network speed and web-based geospatial visualization and analysis technologies. This article describes a successful attempt to compile base information on fire regimes in Comoé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire, at different spatial and temporal scales. Data is made available through a system that supports fire management planning, reporting, and documentation and analysis, and that is used to implement management activities.
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Catarino, Silvia, Maria Manuel Romeiras, Rui Figueira, Valentine Aubard, João M. N. Silva, and José M. C. Pereira. "Spatial and Temporal Trends of Burnt Area in Angola: Implications for Natural Vegetation and Protected Area Management." Diversity 12, no. 8 (August 9, 2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12080307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fire is a key driver of natural ecosystems in Africa. However, human activity and climate change have altered fire frequency and severity, with negative consequences for biodiversity conservation. Angola ranks among the countries with the highest fire activity in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal trends of the annual burnt area in Angola, from 2001 to 2019, and their association with terrestrial ecoregions, land cover, and protected areas. Based on satellite imagery, we analyzed the presence of significant trends in burnt area, applying the contextual Mann–Kendall test and the Theil–Sen slope estimator. Data on burnt areas were obtained from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) burnt area product and the analyses were processed in TerrSet. Our results showed that ca. 30% of the country’s area burned every year. The highest percentage of annual burnt area was found in northeast and southeast Angola, which showed large clusters of decreasing trends of burnt area. The clusters of increasing trends were found mainly in central Angola, associated with savannas and grasslands of Angolan Miombo woodlands. The protected areas of Cameia, Luengue-Luiana, and Mavinga exhibited large areas of decreasing trends of burnt area. Conversely, 23% of the Bicuar National Park was included in clusters of increasing trends. Distinct patterns of land cover were found in areas of significant trends, where the clusters of increasing trends showed a higher fraction of forest cover (80%) than the clusters of decreasing trends (55%). The documentation of burnt area trends was very important in tropical regions, since it helped define conservation priorities and management strategies, allowing more effective management of forests and fires in countries with few human and financial resources.
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Smith, Elizabeth N., Joshua G. Gebauer, Petra M. Klein, Evgeni Fedorovich, and Jeremy A. Gibbs. "The Great Plains Low-Level Jet during PECAN: Observed and Simulated Characteristics." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 6 (May 7, 2019): 1845–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0293.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDuring the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign, several nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJs) were observed with integrated boundary layer profiling systems at multiple sites. This paper gives an overview of selected PECAN NLLJ cases and presents a comparison of high-resolution observations with numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Analyses suggest that simulated NLLJs typically form earlier than the observed NLLJs. They are stronger than the observed counterparts early in the event, but weaker than the observed NLLJs later in the night. However, sudden variations in the boundary layer winds, height of the NLLJ maximum and core region, and potential temperature fields are well captured by the WRF Model. Simulated three-dimensional fields are used for a more focused analysis of PECAN NLLJ cases. While previous studies often related changes in the thermal structure of the nocturnal boundary layer and sudden mixing events to local features, we hypothesize that NLLJ spatial evolution plays an important role in such events. The NLLJ is shown to have heterogeneous depth, wind speed, and wind direction. This study offers detailed documentation of the heterogeneous NLLJ moving down the slope of the Great Plains overnight. As the NLLJ evolves, westerly advection becomes significant. Buoyancy-related mechanisms are proposed to explain NLLJ heterogeneity and down-slope motion. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the NLLJ is suggested as a source of the often observed and simulated updrafts during PECAN cases and as a possible mechanism for nocturnal convection initiation. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the NLLJ are interconnected and should not be treated independently.
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Raibaudo, C., T. Piquet, B. Schliffke, B. Conan, and L. Perret. "POD analysis of the wake dynamics of an offshore floating wind turbine model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 022085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022085.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The wake dynamics of a floating wind turbine model experiencing realistic surge motion and immersed within a properly scaled atmospheric boundary layer is studied through wind tunnel experiments. The turbine is modelled by a porous disk representing the floating 2MW wind turbine located at the offshore test site in Le Croisic (France). Experiments were conducted in the LHEEA’s atmospheric wind tunnel. A surge motion is imposed on the model, using a linear actuator, to replicate realistic behaviors under wave swell. Realistic frequencies of actuation are considered to study their effects on the wake properties. The wake is characterized using Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) measurements in a y - z plane normal to the flow, at two different streamwise locations x = 4.6D and 8.1D. In addition to the documentation of the main wake statistics, the velocity fields are analyzed using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). The velocity field is decomposed into a set of spatial and temporal modes. The eigenvalues convergence is shown to be relatively slow, due to the high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer within which the model is immersed. When varying the surge motion frequency, the spatial modes do not show any significant change in shape and amplitude. However, the spectral analysis performed on the temporal modes shows the emergence of peaks at the surge motion frequency and the overall increase of the low-frequency energy content in the Power Spectral Density, in particular for the highest frequencies of motion tested.
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PEDRANA, JULIETA, KLEMENS PÜTZ, LUCÍA BERNAD, SEBASTIÁN MUÑOZ, ANTONELLA GOROSÁBEL, GABRIEL CASTRESANA, ALEJANDRO LEISS, and JUAN PABLO SECO PON. "Spatial and temporal variation in the migration of Ruddy-headed Goose in southern South America using satellite tagging." Bird Conservation International 30, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 634–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270920000143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryRuddy-headed Goose Chloephaga rubidiceps is the smallest of the five South American sheldgeese and has two separate populations: one sedentary, which resides in the Malvinas/Falkland Islands and one migratory that overwinters mainly in the Pampas region, Argentina and breeds in Southern Patagonia. The Ruddy-headed Goose’s continental population has decreased considerably, and recent estimates indicated that the population size is less than 800 individuals. In Argentina and Chile, this population is categorised as endangered. Understanding migration across vast landscapes is essential for the identification of factors affecting the survival of this endangered population and for the application of effective conservation measures. We aim to provide the first documentation of the complete migration cycle of Ruddy-headed Goose, and to analyse their annual migration in detail, including identification of stop-over, breeding and wintering sites, and to compare migration timing during spring and autumn migration. Adults were captured in the southern Pampas and equipped with solar satellite transmitters in 2015 and 2016. We analysed the influence of season (spring vs autumn migration) on the number and duration of stop-overs, distance travelled and overall migration speed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Our results showed that tracked geese used the eastern Patagonian route to reach their breeding grounds and take the same route after breeding. Spring migration was significantly faster than autumn migration, at least based on the number of days spent in their stop-overs. Stop-overs were closer to the final destination, either during spring and autumn migrations, though some of them were not used during subsequent migrations. Our migration cartography for Ruddy-headed Geese, together with the timing and location data, should be used to improve conservation efforts directed at this species and might contribute to the modification of the current status of ‘Least Concern’ under the IUCN criteria.
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Papakonstantinou, Apostolos, Dimitris Kavroudakis, Yannis Kourtzellis, Michail Chtenellis, Vasilis Kopsachilis, Konstantinos Topouzelis, and Michail Vaitis. "Mapping Cultural Heritage in Coastal Areas with UAS: The Case Study of Lesvos Island." Heritage 2, no. 2 (May 12, 2019): 1404–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2020089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dynamic processes in coastal zones and human activities in the coastal environment produce pressure on cultural heritage, especially in touristic places. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are used as an additional tool for monitoring cultural heritage sites in sensitive coastal areas. UASs provide low-cost accurate spatial data and high-resolution imagery products in various spatial and temporal scales. The use of UAS for mapping cultural heritage sites in the coastal zone is of increasing interest among scientists and archaeologists in terms of monitoring, documentation, mapping, and restoration. This study outlines the integration of UAS data acquisition and structure from motion (SfM) pipeline for the visualization of selected cultural heritage areas (ancient harbors) in the coastal zone. The UAS-SfM methodology produces very detailed orthophoto maps for mapping and detecting cultural heritage sites. Additionally, a metadata cataloging system has been developed in order to facilitate online searching operations for all products of the data acquisition, SfM pipeline, and cartographic processes. For this reason, a specific metadata profile was implemented, based on the European INSPIRE framework. As a result, datasets reusability and catalogs interoperability are promoted.
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Estilow, T. W., A. H. Young, and D. A. Robinson. "A long-term Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data record for climate studies and monitoring." Earth System Science Data 7, no. 1 (June 18, 2015): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-137-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This paper describes the long-term, satellite-based visible snow cover extent National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) climate data record (CDR) currently available for climate studies, monitoring, and model validation. This environmental data product is developed from weekly Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data that have been digitized from snow cover maps onto a Cartesian grid draped over a polar stereographic projection. The data have a spatial resolution of 190.6 km at 60° latitude, are updated monthly, and span the period from 4 October 1966 to the present. The data comprise the longest satellite-based CDR of any environmental variable. Access to the data is provided in Network Common Data Form (netCDF) and archived by NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) under the satellite Climate Data Record Program (doi:10.7289/V5N014G9). The basic characteristics, history, and evolution of the data set are presented herein. In general, the CDR provides similar spatial and temporal variability to its widely used predecessor product. Key refinements included in the CDR improve the product's grid accuracy and documentation and bring metadata into compliance with current standards for climate data records.
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Estilow, T. W., A. H. Young, and D. A. Robinson. "A long-term Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data record for climate studies and monitoring." Earth System Science Data Discussions 7, no. 2 (November 21, 2014): 669–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-7-669-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This paper describes the long-term, satellite-based visible snow cover extent NOAA climate data record (CDR) currently available for climate studies, monitoring, and model validation. This environmental data product is developed from weekly Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data that have been digitized from snow cover maps onto a Cartesian grid draped over a polar stereographic projection. The data has a spatial resolution of 190.5 km at 60 ° latitude, are updated monthly, and span from 4 October 1966 to present. The data comprise the longest satellite-based CDR of any environmental variable. Access to the data are provided in netCDF format and are archived by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the satellite climate data record program (doi:10.7289/V5N014G9). The basic characteristics, history, and evolution of the dataset are presented herein. In general, the CDR provides similar spatial and temporal variability as its widely used predecessor product. Key refinements to the new CDR improve the product's grid accuracy and documentation, and bring metadata into compliance with current standards for climate data records.
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Huggel, C., A. Raissig, M. Rohrer, G. Romero, A. Diaz, and N. Salzmann. "How useful and reliable are disaster databases in the context of climate and global change? A comparative case study analysis in Peru." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 6 (June 17, 2014): 4331–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-4331-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Loss and damage caused by weather and climate related disasters have increased over the past decades, and growing exposure and wealth have been identified as main drivers of this increase. Disaster databases are a primary tool for the analysis of disaster characteristics and trends at global or national scales, and support disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. However, the quality, consistency and completeness of different disaster databases are highly variable. Even though such variation critically influences the outcome of any study, comparative analyses of different disaster databases are still rare to date. Furthermore, there is an unequal geographic distribution of current disaster trend studies, with developing countries being under-represented. Here, we analyze three different disaster databases for the developing country context of Peru; a global database (EM-DAT), a regional Latin American (DesInventar) and a national database (SINPAD). The analysis is performed across three dimensions, (1) spatial scales, from local to regional (provincial) and national scale; (2) time scales, from single events to decadal trends; and (3) disaster categories and metrics, including the number of disaster occurrence, and damage metrics such as people killed and affected. Results show limited changes in disaster occurrence in the Cusco and Apurímac regions in southern Peru over the past four decades, but strong trends in people affected at the national scale. We furthermore found large variations of the disaster parameters studied over different spatial and temporal scales, depending on the disaster database analyzed. We conclude and recommend that the type, method and source of documentation should be carefully evaluated for any analysis of disaster databases; reporting criteria should be improved and documentation efforts strengthened.
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Huggel, C., A. Raissig, M. Rohrer, G. Romero, A. Diaz, and N. Salzmann. "How useful and reliable are disaster databases in the context of climate and global change? A comparative case study analysis in Peru." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 3 (March 9, 2015): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-475-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Damage caused by weather- and climate-related disasters have increased over the past decades, and growing exposure and wealth have been identified as main drivers of this increase. Disaster databases are a primary tool for the analysis of disaster characteristics and trends at global or national scales, and they support disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. However, the quality, consistency and completeness of different disaster databases are highly variable. Even though such variation critically influences the outcome of any study, comparative analyses of different databases are still rare to date. Furthermore, there is an unequal geographic distribution of current disaster trend studies, with developing countries being underrepresented. Here, we analyze three different disaster databases in the developing-country context of Peru: a global database (Emergency Events Database: EM-DAT), a multinational Latin American database (DesInventar) and a national database (Peruvian National Information System for the Prevention of Disasters: SINPAD). The analysis is performed across three dimensions: (1) spatial scales, from local to regional (provincial) and national scale; (2) timescales, from single events to decadal trends; and (3) disaster categories and metrics, including the number of single disaster event occurrence, or people killed and affected. Results show limited changes in disaster occurrence in the Cusco and ApurÍmac regions in southern Peru over the past four decades but strong positive trends in people affected at the national scale. We furthermore found large variations of the disaster metrics studied over different spatial and temporal scales, depending on the disaster database analyzed. We conclude and recommend that the type, method and source of documentation should be carefully evaluated for any analysis of disaster databases; reporting criteria should be improved and documentation efforts strengthened.
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Kim, Hieyoon. "Living with a Postcolonial Conundrum: Yi Yŏngil and Korean Film Historiography." Journal of Asian Studies 78, no. 03 (May 27, 2019): 601–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911819000184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since its publication, Yi Yŏngil's Complete history of Korean cinema (1969) has remained a seminal work of film historiography. A critical rereading of the work is required, however, to capture the paradoxes of postcolonial historiography that are created by the spatial-temporal orders of modernity in a decolonizing, non-Western society. By examining Yi's creative use of historical documentation, such as oral testimonies of filmmakers, this article considers how he offers a counter-narrative against colonialist historiography that denies Korea's agency to transform itself into a modern nation-state without Japanese annexation. However, despite his decolonizing endeavor, his work cannot fully eradicate the colonial effects that inevitably shape postcolonial subjectivity in the globalizing world. In reassessing the possibilities and predicaments of his work, this article reveals Yi's fundamental conundrum as a postcolonial writer living with the effects of colonialism, ultimately challenging the imagination of the postcolonial experience as an uninterrupted struggle to establish an autonomous nation.
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Hafed, Ziad M., and Laurent Goffart. "Gaze direction as equilibrium: more evidence from spatial and temporal aspects of small-saccade triggering in the rhesus macaque monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 308–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00588.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rigorous behavioral studies made in human subjects have shown that small-eccentricity target displacements are associated with increased saccadic reaction times, but the reasons for this remain unclear. Before characterizing the neurophysiological foundations underlying this relationship between the spatial and temporal aspects of saccades, we tested the triggering of small saccades in the male rhesus macaque monkey. We also compared our results to those obtained in human subjects, both from the existing literature and through our own additional measurements. Using a variety of behavioral tasks exercising visual and nonvisual guidance of small saccades, we found that small saccades consistently require more time than larger saccades to be triggered in the nonhuman primate, even in the absence of any visual guidance and when valid advance information about the saccade landing position is available. We also found a strong asymmetry in the reaction times of small upper versus lower visual field visually guided saccades, a phenomenon that has not been described before for small saccades, even in humans. Following the suggestion that an eye movement is not initiated as long as the visuo-oculomotor system is within a state of balance, in which opposing commands counterbalance each other, we propose that the longer reaction times are a signature of enhanced times needed to create the symmetry-breaking condition that puts downstream premotor neurons into a push-pull regime necessary for rotating the eyeballs. Our results provide an important catalog of nonhuman primate oculomotor capabilities on the miniature scale, allowing concrete predictions on underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Leveraging a multitude of neurophysiological investigations in the rhesus macaque monkey, we generated and tested hypotheses about small-saccade latencies in this animal model. We found that small saccades always take longer, on average, than larger saccades to trigger, regardless of visual and cognitive context. Moreover, small downward saccades have the longest latencies overall. Our results provide an important documentation of oculomotor capabilities of an indispensable animal model for neuroscientific research in vision, cognition, and action.
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Brázdil, R., K. Chromá, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, L. Dolák, Z. Stachoň, E. Soukalová, and P. Dobrovolný. "The use of taxation records in assessing historical floods in South Moravia, Czech Republic." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 3873–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3873-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Since the second half of the 17th century, tax relief has been available to farmers and landowners to offset flood damage to property (buildings) and land (fields, meadows, pastures, gardens) in South Moravia, Czech Republic. Historically, the written applications for this were supported by a relatively efficient bureaucratic process that left a clear data trail of documentation, preserved at several levels: in the communities affected, in regional offices, and in the Moravian Land Office, all of which are to be found in estate and family collections in the Moravian Land Archives in the city of Brno, the provincial capital. As well as detailed information about damage done and administrative responses to it, data are often preserved as to the flood event itself, the time of its occurrence and its impacts, sometimes together with causes and stages. The final flood database based on taxation records is used here to describe the temporal and spatial density of both flood events and the records themselves. The information derived is used to help create long-term flood chronologies for the rivers Dyje, Jihlava, Svratka and Morava, combining floods interpreted from taxation records with other documentary data and floods derived from later systematic hydrological measurements (water levels, discharges). Common periods of higher flood frequency appear largely in the periods 1821–1850 and 1921–1950, although this shifts to several other decades for individual rivers. A number of uncertainties are inseparable from flood data taxation records: their spatial and temporal incompleteness; the inevitable limitation to larger-scale damage and restriction to the summer half-year; and the different characters of rivers, including land-use changes and channel modifications. Taxation data have considerable potential for extending our knowledge of past floods for the rest of the Czech Republic, not to mention other European countries in which records have survived.
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Brázdil, R., K. Chromá, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, L. Dolák, Z. Stachoň, E. Soukalová, and P. Dobrovolný. "Taxation records as a source of information for the study of historical floods in South Moravia, Czech Republic." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2014): 7291–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-7291-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Since the second half of the 17th century, tax relief has been available to farmers and landowners to offset flood damage to property (buildings) and land (fields, meadows, pastures, gardens) in South Moravia, Czech Republic. Historically, the written applications for this were supported by a relatively efficient bureaucratic process that left a clear data trail of documentation, preserved at several levels: in the communities affected, in regional offices, and in the Moravian Land Office, all of which are to be found in estate and family collections in the Moravian Land Archives in the city of Brno, the provincial capital. As well as detailed information about damage done and administrative responses to it, data is often preserved as to the flood event itself, the time of its occurrence and its impacts, sometimes together with causes and stages. The final flood database based on taxation records is used here to describe the temporal and spatial density of both flood events and the records themselves. The information derived is used to help create long-term flood chronologies for the Rivers Dyje, Jihlava, Svratka and Morava, combining floods interpreted from taxation records with other documentary data and floods derived from later systematic hydrological measurements (water levels, discharges). Common periods of higher flood frequency appear largely in 1821–1850 and 1921–1950, although this shifts to several other decades for individual rivers. Certain uncertainties are inseparable from flood data taxation records: their spatial and temporal incompleteness; the inevitable limitation to larger-scale damage and to the summer half-year; and the different characters of rivers, including land-use changes and channel modifications. Taxation data has great potential for extending our knowledge of past floods for the rest of the Czech Republic as well, not to mention other European countries in which records have survived.
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Dunnington, Dewey W., and Ian S. Spooner. "Using a linked table-based structure to encode self-describing multiparameter spatiotemporal data." FACETS 3, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multiparameter data with both spatial and temporal components are critical to advancing the state of environmental science. These data and data collected in the future are most useful when compared with each other and analyzed together, which is often inhibited by inconsistent data formats and a lack of structured documentation provided by researchers and (or) data repositories. In this paper we describe a linked table-based structure that encodes multiparameter spatiotemporal data and their documentation that is both flexible (able to store a wide variety of data sets) and usable (can easily be viewed, edited, and converted to plottable formats). The format is a collection of five tables (Data, Locations, Params, Data Sets, and Columns), on which restrictions are placed to ensure data are represented consistently from multiple sources. These tables can be stored in a variety of ways including spreadsheet files, comma-separated value (CSV) files, JavaScript object notation (JSON) files, databases, or objects in a software environment such as R or Python. A toolkit for users of R statistical software was also developed to facilitate converting data to and from the data format. We have used this format to combine data from multiple sources with minimal metadata loss and to effectively archive and communicate the results of spatiotemporal studies. We believe that this format and associated discussion of data and data storage will facilitate increased synergies between past, present, and future data sets in the environmental science community.
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Lugina, Gina, Eka Nuryulia R, and Dasep Suprijadi. "DEIXIS IN THE LEGEND OF LAKE TOBA STORY." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, no. 5 (September 15, 2019): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i5.p640-644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Language is more than a sign as it can function as a tool for communication among humans. This means that language can be learned by the humans. One of the fields that study the language is pragmatics. Pragmatics can be defined as the study of contextual meaning; therefore there should be a relationship between language and the context. However, this relationship can be recognized through deixis. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the types of deixis found in the story of “The Legend of Lake Toba”. This paper uses descriptive qualitative method, because it analyzes the types of deixis found in the story. The method of collecting the data is documentation. Specifically using theory of Alan Cruse (2000) about deixis. The steps to analyze the data are reading the story, finding the deixis, and classifying the types of deixis. The finding showed that the types of deixis like personal deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis are used in The Legend of Lake Toba story. In this research, personal types is the dominant types that occur in this story.
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Otrishchenko, Natalia. "From Frame to Environment: Discussing the Development of Lviv during the 1980s." City History, Culture, Society, no. 1 (13) (July 19, 2022): 198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2022.01.198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper discusses different perspectives related to the urban development of Lviv during the 1980s and shows the gradual shift from planning urban space to planning urban time and experiences. It focuses on two cases. The first one is connected to the Lviv branch of the Dipromist State Design Institute for Cities, which was responsible for preparing planning documentation for the city and region. It worked with functional zoning and applied the macro-perspective to the space of the city. The second one evolved at the Lviv Polytechnic institute and dealt with the concept of the urban environment. It proposed a human-centered approach to city development and took into account not only the spatial but also the temporal perspective. As an alternative to the dominant discourse and practice of city planning, it remained marginal after the collapse of the USSR. For decades Lviv urban planning continues to rely on the concepts and tools coined in the Soviet planning institutions and leaves human experiences of the city largely outside of the discussion.
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Láng, L. "Seed production aspects of genetically modified crop varieties." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.50.2002.3.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The seed multiplication of genetically modified (GM) plants requires a modification of the multiplication process used for conventional seed. The difference compared to conventionally-bred varieties involves the detection of the modified character during variety maintenance, seed multiplication and processing, the need for separate storage, processing and transportation, the extra cleaning required for the transportation, storage and processing equipment, and the extra administration necessary for the documentation and labelling of GM seed lots. All in all this results in the lower exploitation of seed-producing capacity and in additional costs. The appearance of GM plants also has an effect on the breeders and seed multipliers of conventional varieties, however, since the possibility of contamination cannot be excluded. The producers of seed free of GMs (within the tolerance threshold) are forced to employ costly cultivation techniques (temporal and spatial isolation, removal of volunteer plants) and laboratory tests (for GM contamination) if their varieties are to stay on the market and if it is to remain possible to produce GM-free products in the future.
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Barros, Álvaro, David Álvarez, and Alberto Velando. "Long-term reproductive impairment in a seabird after the Prestige oil spill." Biology Letters 10, no. 4 (April 2014): 20131041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large oil spills are dramatic perturbations on marine ecosystems, and seabirds are one of the worst affected organisms in such events. It has been argued that oil spills may have important long-term consequences on marine organisms, but supporting evidence remains scarce. The European shag ( Phalacrocorax aristotelis ) was strongly impacted at population level by the Prestige oil spill, the biggest spillage in the eastern North Atlantic. In this paper, we report on the long-term consequences on reproduction of this coastal seabird, using temporal and spatial replicated data (before–after–control–impact design). Our study revealed long-term reproductive impairment during at least the first 10 years since the Prestige oil spill. Annual reproductive success did not differ before the impact, but after the impact it was reduced by 45% in oiled colonies compared with unoiled ones. This is a rare documentation of long-term effects after a major oil spill, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring in order to assess the real impact of this type of disturbance on marine organisms.
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Nelson, Bryan Raveen, Mazrul Aswady Mamat, Wong Cheeho, and Salwa Shahimi. "Forest birds as diversity indicator in suburban and residential areas." Ecofeminism and Climate Change 1, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/efcc-03-2020-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Birds are biological indicators for environment health in which their sightings and abundance could reflect a certain situation or become evaluation tool for co-existence of another species. Here, the study aims to observe urban settlements with substantial forestation, may it be artificial or natural, and the occurrence of bird assemblage across time. Considering the foraging activity of birds hardcoded with sustainability, their spatial overlap resultant into service provision, which can mean, baseline occurrence or an expected encounter equates to support system for ecological vigour. Design/methodology/approach From this, birds could indicate external environment vulnerability related to climatic fluctuations, whereby documentation of their arrival across spatial-temporal regimes allowed us to understand their distribution between residential and forested areas. Findings Though urban birds are abundant and viewed less important for conservation, the existence of certain species such as long-tailed shrike and little green pigeon disclose the types of food they consume and, the other types of birds attracted to their prey. With regard, the sightings of these birds would mean an encounter with 20 or more other species at a bird watching occasion, though it is limited to the sightings of urban birds. Originality/value Subject to criteria for green space, attaining plenty of bird species provides understanding of food availability, the support services and opportunity for urban birds to thrive in midst the opportunity for resources such as food, perching grounds and sufficient numbers of counterparts to reproduce into healthy urban bird populations.
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Cañas, C. M., and W. E. Pine. "Documentation of the temporal and spatial patterns of pimelodidae catfish spawning and larvae dispersion in the madre de Dios River (Peru): Insights for conservation in the Andean-Amazon headwaters." River Research and Applications 27, no. 5 (April 14, 2010): 602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1377.
Повний текст джерела
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Suchecka, Jadwiga, and Bogusława Urbaniak. "Determinants Of Healthy Ageing For Older People In European Countries – A Spatio-Temporal Approach." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 19, no. 5 (March 30, 2017): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2016-0043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The European Commission (EC) has identified active and healthy ageing (AHA) as a major societal challenge mutual to European countries. This issue has increased in importance due to the progressive ageing observed in European societies, that force authorities to take initiatives for support the activity of the elderly. One of the initiatives, widely recognised is The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, which strive to enabling EU citizens to lead healthy, active and independent lives while ageing. The positive effect of actions for the AHA will be extension of the life in good health duration of EU citizens by two years by 2020. This is an important issue, as in 2013, women who have reached the age of 65 years in UE28 were facing on average 21.3 years of further life years and only 8.6 years (on average this amounted for 40.4 % of life expectancy) accounted for living in health, whereas for males, this ratio was estimated on 8.5 years in health of the anticipated further 17.9 years (47.5% of further life duration). Life expectancy in good health in older age is influenced by many different factors, i.e. cultural, social, economic and accessibility to health services and the quality of provided treatment. The last aspect is related to both the economic development of the country and the health care system management. The significant factor that has been increasingly emphasised in documentation of World Health Organisation or European Commission, concerns the investment in public and individual health. Taking into account the multivariate impact of objective and subjective factors on life expectancy in good health of elderly, the Authors decided to conduct the multidimensional comparative analysis for EU countries, including Norway, Switzerland and Iceland as well. Among the objective factors Authors distinguished: proportion of population (men and women) aged 65 years and more, economic development of the countries measured by GDP per capita, healthy life years expectancy in absolute values for males and females at 65 years, health care expenditures in PPS per inhabitant aged 65+, whereas the group of subjective characteristics consisted of: self-perceived health for people aged 65+ and self-reported unmet needs for medical services. The article aims to investigate the relationship between the length of the further life in healthy for men and women aged 65 years and selected factors in European countries in the period 2005–2012. For this purpose, following methods were used: 1/ spatial distribution of characteristics – rates of change in selected periods: 2005 and 2012, 2/ tests for dependencies using correlograms and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, 3/ cluster analysis: on the basis of Ward’s methods spatial similarities (among countries) were indicated. As the source of data the Eurostat database were used.
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van Driel, M., L. Krischer, S. C. Stähler, K. Hosseini, and T. Nissen-Meyer. "<i>Instaseis</i>: instant global seismograms based on a broadband waveform database." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 1 (March 6, 2015): 957–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-957-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We present a new method and implementation (Instaseis) to store global Green's functions in a database which allows for near-instantaneous (on the order of milliseconds) extraction of arbitrary seismograms. Using the axisymmetric spectral element method (AxiSEM), the generation of these databases, based on reciprocity of the Green's functions, is very efficient and is approximately half as expensive as a single AxiSEM forward run. Thus, this enables the computation of full databases at half the cost of the computation of seismograms for a single source in the previous scheme and allows to compute databases at the highest frequencies globally observed. By storing the basis coefficients of the numerical scheme (Lagrange polynomials), the Green's functions are 4th order accurate in space and the spatial discretization respects discontinuities in the velocity model exactly. High order temporal interpolation using Lanczos resampling allows to retrieve seismograms at any sampling rate. AxiSEM is easily adaptable to arbitrary 1-D models or other spherical objects such as Mars. In this paper, we present the basic rationale and details of the method as well as benchmarks and illustrate a variety of applications. The code is open source and available with extensive documentation at http://www.instaseis.net.
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Putri, Jasmine Adinda, and Yana Yana. "DEIXIS ON TRIBUNNEWS.COM “THE STORY OF ADE JIGO WAS ROLLED UP BY THE TSUNAMI 2018”." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i6.p703-710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aims to identify words contain the deixis from Tribunnews.com and then describes the factors of the deixis that also give more understanding to the reader about types of deixis which are used in tribunnews.com. The researchers used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the words contained in Tribunnew.com. Data collection used by the researchers is documentation, there are: collecting the data, reading and observing, finding the data, putting sign and making a checklist on it, taking and presenting them in the data display, and finding con clusions. Moreover, the researchers found the deixis in the news that the word of I (24.51%), we (1.96%), he (8.82%), calling name (6.86%), kindship lexemes (32.35%). The word of place or location like a beach, Krakatau mountain, etc is spatial deixis is a place (9.80%) and adverb of place (8.82%). And the last the use of time such as then, now, soon, day, today, etc is the temporal deixis there are deictic Modifier (2.94%) and non-deictic (3.92%). From this research, the researchers conclude that online article creates a narrative in the news that discusses natural disasters, uses a lot of deixes to the person, place, and time.Keywords: Deixis, Tribunnews, Pragmatics
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Peng, G., W. N. Meier, D. J. Scott, and M. H. Savoie. "A long-term and reproducible passive microwave sea ice concentration data record for climate studies and monitoring." Earth System Science Data 5, no. 2 (October 15, 2013): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-311-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. A long-term, consistent, and reproducible satellite-based passive microwave sea ice concentration climate data record (CDR) is available for climate studies, monitoring, and model validation with an initial operation capability (IOC). The daily and monthly sea ice concentration data are on the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) polar stereographic grid with nominal 25 km × 25 km grid cells in both the Southern and Northern Hemisphere polar regions from 9 July 1987 to 31 December 2007. The data files are available in the NetCDF data format at http://nsidc.org/data/g02202.html and archived by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the satellite climate data record program (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdr/operationalcdrs.html). The description and basic characteristics of the NOAA/NSIDC passive microwave sea ice concentration CDR are presented here. The CDR provides similar spatial and temporal variability as the heritage products to the user communities with the additional documentation, traceability, and reproducibility that meet current standards and guidelines for climate data records. The data set, along with detailed data processing steps and error source information, can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N55M63M1.
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Peng, G., W. N. Meier, D. J. Scott, and M. H. Savoie. "A long-term and reproducible passive microwave sea ice concentration data record for climate studies and monitoring." Earth System Science Data Discussions 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2013): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-6-95-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. A long-term, consistent, and reproducible satellite-based passive microwave sea ice concentration climate data record (CDR) is available for climate studies, monitoring, and model validation with an initial operation capability (IOC). The daily and monthly sea ice concentration data are on the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) polar stereographic grid with nominal 25 × 25 km grid cells in both the Southern and Northern Hemisphere Polar Regions from 9 July 1987 to 31 December 2007 with an update through 2011 underway. The data files are available in the NetCDF data format at http://nsidc.org/data/g02202.html and archived by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) under the satellite climate data record program (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdr/operationalcdrs.html). The description and basic characteristics of the NOAA/NSIDC passive microwave sea ice concentration CDR are presented here. The CDR provides similar spatial and temporal variability as the heritage products to the user communities with the additional documentation, traceability, and reproducibility that meet current standards and guidelines for climate data records. The dataset along with detailed data processing steps and error source information can be found at: doi:10.7265/N5B56GN3.
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Svistun, Ghennadii, and Viktor Kvitkovskij. "Nature of the Bolshaya Babka River Valley Usage in the Middle Ages." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp2154763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors have summarized the materials from a number of archaeological sites accumulated during many years of investigations by several generations of archaeologists in the Bolshaya Babka river valley. Despite their different quality of exploration and documentation of the research, the following areas were brought to light: general trends in exploration of this territory in temporal and spatial dimensions, preferred locations for settlement in certain landscapes, its usage and perception by various ethnocultural communities. The authors managed to determine some interdependencies between the river valley landscape, shaped by fluvial processes with frequent streamflow changes, and its usage dynamics. It was also discovered that stable flood land regions played an important role; they were not exposed to constant degradations in its widest segment — in its middle and lower reaches. It explains the multilayer nature of the most sites occupied by the population with the similar pattern of economic activity over the wide time line — from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages. Moreover, some naturally emerged within the same landscape lines of communication with neighboring settlement enclaves had to play a significant role in determination of locations for residential areas.
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Maharjan, Sangita, and Ram P. Regmi. "Grid Based Temperature and Relative Humidity Distribution Map of the Kathmandu Valley." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 19, no. 1 (November 8, 2015): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v19i1.13819.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kathmandu valley has seen visible transformations in its intrinsic climate in recent decades. The atmosphere of the Kathmandu valley has become increasingly uncomfortable, unhealthy and more susceptible to, so far, unanticipated viral and other diseases. The lack of spatial distribution and temporal variation of potential climatic parameters as well as future scenarios have given rise to serious uncertainties with respect to climate change and development of adaptation strategies for sustainable climate of the valley and beyond. An accurate assessment and gridded documentation of prevailing climate at desired resolution is instrumental. Present study has been carried out to develop a high-resolution gridded map of near surface temperature and humidity for Kathmandu valley and its immediate surrounding areas as a starting point to address the foreseen problem of climate change and adaptation. Grid based seasonal and annual distribution map of near surface temperature and humidity have been developed as predicted by numerical simulation at horizontal resolution of 1km2 with the application of WRF Modeling System initializing with NCEP meteorological and USGS land use and terrain elevation data. Model predictions agree well with the available observation data.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 7-13
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Hassell, David, Jonathan Gregory, Jon Blower, Bryan N. Lawrence, and Karl E. Taylor. "A data model of the Climate and Forecast metadata conventions (CF-1.6) with a software implementation (cf-python v2.1)." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 12 (December 19, 2017): 4619–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4619-2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The CF (Climate and Forecast) metadata conventions are designed to promote the creation, processing, and sharing of climate and forecasting data using Network Common Data Form (netCDF) files and libraries. The CF conventions provide a description of the physical meaning of data and of their spatial and temporal properties, but they depend on the netCDF file encoding which can currently only be fully understood and interpreted by someone familiar with the rules and relationships specified in the conventions documentation. To aid in development of CF-compliant software and to capture with a minimal set of elements all of the information contained in the CF conventions, we propose a formal data model for CF which is independent of netCDF and describes all possible CF-compliant data. Because such data will often be analysed and visualised using software based on other data models, we compare our CF data model with the ISO 19123 coverage model, the Open Geospatial Consortium CF netCDF standard, and the Unidata Common Data Model. To demonstrate that this CF data model can in fact be implemented, we present cf-python, a Python software library that conforms to the model and can manipulate any CF-compliant dataset.
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van Driel, M., L. Krischer, S. C. Stähler, K. Hosseini, and T. Nissen-Meyer. "Instaseis: instant global seismograms based on a broadband waveform database." Solid Earth 6, no. 2 (June 16, 2015): 701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-701-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We present a new method and implementation (Instaseis) to store global Green's functions in a database which allows for near-instantaneous (on the order of milliseconds) extraction of arbitrary seismograms. Using the axisymmetric spectral element method (AxiSEM), the generation of these databases, based on reciprocity of the Green's functions, is very efficient and is approximately half as expensive as a single AxiSEM forward run. Thus, this enables the computation of full databases at half the cost of the computation of seismograms for a single source in the previous scheme and allows to compute databases at the highest frequencies globally observed. By storing the basis coefficients of the numerical scheme (Lagrange polynomials), the Green's functions are 4th order accurate in space and the spatial discretization respects discontinuities in the velocity model exactly. High-order temporal interpolation using Lanczos resampling allows to retrieve seismograms at any sampling rate. AxiSEM is easily adaptable to arbitrary spherically symmetric models of Earth as well as other planets. In this paper, we present the basic rationale and details of the method as well as benchmarks and illustrate a variety of applications. The code is open source and available with extensive documentation at www.instaseis.net .
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Teixeira, Joao, Duane Waliser, Robert Ferraro, Peter Gleckler, Tsengdar Lee, and Gerald Potter. "Satellite Observations for CMIP5: The Genesis of Obs4MIPs." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 95, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 1329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00204.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of the Observations for Model Intercomparison Projects (Obs4MIPs) is to provide observational data to the climate science community, which is analogous (in terms of variables, temporal and spatial frequency, and periods) to output from the 5th phase of the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) climate model simulations. The essential aspect of the Obs4MIPs methodology is that it strictly follows the CMIP5 protocol document when selecting the observational datasets. Obs4MIPs also provides documentation that describes aspects of the observational data (e.g., data origin, instrument overview, uncertainty estimates) that are of particular relevance to scientists involved in climate model evaluation and analysis. In this paper, we focus on the activities related to the initial set of satellite observations, which are being carried out in close coordination with CMIP5 and directly engage NASA's observational (e.g., mission and instrument) science teams. Having launched Obs4MIPs with these datasets, a broader effort is also briefly discussed, striving to engage other agencies and experts who maintain datasets, including reanalysis, which can be directly used to evaluate climate models. Different strategies for using satellite observations to evaluate climate models are also briefly summarized.
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Sánchez-Ancajima, Raúl A., Sarajane Marques Peres, Javier A. López-Céspedes, José L. Saly-Rosas-Solano, Ronald M. Hernández, and Miguel A. Saavedra-López. "Gesture Phase Segmentation Dataset: An Extension for Development of Gesture Analysis Models." Journal of Internet Services and Information Security 12, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.58346/jisis.2022.i4.010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, experts in theory of gesture have been showing some interest in automating the discovery of gesture information. Such an automation can help them in reducing the inherent subjectivity of gesture studies. Usually, to produce information for linguistic and psycholinguistic studies, the researchers analyze a video of people speaking and gesturing. This annotation task is costly and it is the goal of automation. Such videos compose the datasets that allow the development of automated models capable to carry out part of the analysis of gestures. In this paper, we present a detailed documentation about the Gesture Phase Segmentation Dataset, publicized in UCI Machine Learning Repository, and an extension of such dataset. Such dataset is especially prepared to be used in the development of models capable to carry out the segmentation of gestures in their phases. The extended dataset is composed by nine videos of three people gesturing and telling stories. The data was captured with Microsoft Kinect Sensor and they are represented by spatial coordinates and temporal information (velocity and acceleration). The data are labeled following four phase of gesture (preparation, stroke, hold and retraction) and rest positions.
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Fekete, Alexander. "CORONA High-Resolution Satellite and Aerial Imagery for Change Detection Assessment of Natural Hazard Risk and Urban Growth in El Alto/La Paz in Bolivia, Santiago de Chile, Yungay in Peru, Qazvin in Iran, and Mount St. Helens in the USA." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban growth and natural hazard events are continuous trends and reliable monitoring is demanded by organisations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, or the United Nations Human Settlements Programme. CORONA is the program name of photoreconnaissance satellite imagery available from 1960 to 1984 provides an extension of monitoring ranges in comparison to later satellite data such as Landsat that are more widely used. Providing visual comparisons with aerial or high-resolution OrbView satellite imagery, this article demonstrates applications of CORONA images for change detection of urban growth and sprawl and natural hazard exposure. Cases from El Alto/ La Paz in Bolivia, Santiago de Chile, Yungay in Peru, Qazvin in Iran, and Mount St. Helens in the USA are analysed. After a preassessment of over 20 disaster events, the 1970 Yungay earthquake-triggered debris avalanche and the natural hazard processes of the 1980 Mt St. Helens volcanic eruption are further analysed. Usability and limitations of CORONA data are analysed, including the availability of data depending on flight missions, cloud cover, spatial and temporal resolution, but also rather scarce documentation of natural hazards in the 1960s and 70s. Results include the identification of urban borders expanding into hazard-prone areas such as mountains, riverbeds or erosion channels. These are important areas for future research, making more usage of this valuable but little-used data source. The article addresses geographers, spatial planners, political decision makers and other scientific areas dealing with remote sensing.
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Rice, Louis. "The Nature of Society: Enmapping Nature, Space and Society into a Town-green Hybrid." Culture Unbound 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 981–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146981.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper describes the transformation of derelict land into a ‘town-green’ and the role legislation played in transforming social and natural relationships. Town-green denotes a legal status under the Great Britain Commons Act (2006) that protects certain open spaces from building development; the status requires that a space must simultaneously have a specific social quality (i.e. ‘town-ness’) and a specific natural quality (i.e. ‘green-ness‘). This hybrid condition requires an alliance between society and nature in a certain configuration (referred to here as nature2 and society2). In this empirical study it involved the participation and consensus of local residents, volunteer gardeners as well as nature itself; flowers needed to bloom and grass had to grow in order for the hybrid town-green status to be conferred. There are two distinct phases of this transformation; the first is the change in identities and configuration of the constituents of town and green. This involved the production of a modified ‘real’ world with: different plants and flowers; reconfigured spatial arrangements; as well as different social actors. The second phase is a shift from changes in the ‘real’ world towards an ‘enmap’ – a displacement of myriad actors into documentation. This transfer from a complex messy reality into an enmap permitted the legitimation of the new network to be accepted as a ‘town-green’. What the research reveals, other than hints for gardeners and community activists, is how material and non-material; social and natural; spatial, discursive and temporal worlds are hybridised.