Дисертації з теми "Space Tug"

Remorquer des satellites peut être utiles pour de nombreuses raisons : les désorbiter ou ré-orbiter, nécessaire dans le cas des satellites en fin de vie, ou pour finaliser les lancements par exemple. Dans ce cas, cette manœuvre augmenterait la capacité des étages supérieurs de lanceurs. Plusieurs moyens peuvent être envisagés pour modifier l’orbite d’un satellite cible grâce à un autre satellite. Parmi eux, les concepts sans contact sont intéressants, car ils fournissent un moyen d’éviter le besoin d’interfaces normalisées. Ils permettent ausside ne pas réaliser d’amarrages non coopératifs, qui représentent une grande difficulté. Enfin, ils contribuent à réduire le risque de créer de nouveaux débris par collision. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’utiliser les forces magnétiques pour remorquer le satellite cible. En effet, de nombreux satellites, en particulier en orbite terrestre basse, sont équipés de magnéto-coupleur, utilisés pour le contrôle d’attitude. Un satellite chasseur équipé d’un dipôle magnétique puissant pourrait donc générer des forces sur la cible. Cependant, la création d’une force entre deux dipôles magnétiques génère automatiquement des couples sur les deux dipôles. Par conséquent, la viabilité d’un remorqueur magnétique spatial n’est a priori pas assurée, étant donné qu’appliquer en permanence des couples sur les deux satellites ne serait pas acceptable
Satellite tugging can be undertaken for various reasons: de-orbiting or reorbiting,necessary in the case of satellites at the end-of-life, or for instance to finalise launches,in which case this manoeuvre would increase the capacity of launchers’ upper stages. Severalmeans can be considered to modify the orbit of a target satellite by tugging it with anothersatellite. Contact-less concepts are interesting, as they provide a way to avoid standardisedinterfaces and hazardous docking phases. They also help to prevent the creation of new debrisby reducing the risk of collision. In this thesis, we suggest using magnetic forces to tug the target. Indeed many satellites, especially in Low Earth Orbit, are equipped with Magnetic Torque Bars used for attitudecontrol. A chaser satellite equipped with a powerful magnetic dipole could hence generateforces on the target. However, creating a force between two magnetic dipoles automaticallycreates torque on both of them. Therefore, the feasibility of magnetic tugging is a priori notassured, considering that applying constant torques on both satellites would not be acceptable

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-215).
The consequences of satellite misplacement or collision with space debris reach far beyond the realm of money. The vast number of people affected by the loss of just one spacecraft indicates the vulnerability of our society to spacecraft failure. Thus, one of the biggest problems that satellite makers face today is the lack of a margin of error of any type. This thesis analyzes the business case for employing a special type of on-orbit servicer referred to as a space tug as an alternative to redundancy and replacement option. The main objective of a space tug is to prevent satellites from prematurely ending their missions. It was found to be more realistic to design a tug (or tugs) that service groups of satellites with similar orbital and physical characteristics, rather than to design a "monster" vehicle expected to traverse the huge distances between LEO and GEO and deal with satellites of all types and sizes. Thus, the approach of this work was based on the exploration of the entire satellite population currently in orbit around Earth and on the identification of potential target groups of satellites, along with mission scenarios for servicing each of these groups. Eight mission scenarios were identified as most necessary. Two of them-GEO communications satellite retirement and satellite rescue-were presented as case studies to illustrate the modeling approach suggested by this thesis. The ultimate objective of the research was to create a family of modular, economically feasible space tugs that used a common platform and shared various components, which would allow to provide relatively inexpensive and responsive on-demand tugging services. It was found that the optimal space tug for GEO retirement missions should be
(cont.) initially parked in the GEO belt and be controlled via supervision. This space tug should have a 300-kg low capability grappling mechanism and utilize storable bipropellant (Isp = 325 sec). The maximum number of satellites the tug could visit was calculated to be 20. The minimum fee for the service was estimated to be $20.48M, and the uncertainty of cost estimations should not exceed $7.5M for the nominal case. The optimal tug for satellite rescue missions was an ion electric spacecraft parked on Earth and controlled via supervision. It was not designed as reusable, and various types of grappling mechanisms or any number of fuel tanks could be attached to it, depending on mission requirements. Both architectures could use a common bus and share the same type of grappling devices.
by Kalina K. Galabova.
S.M.

Social bookmarking has gained popularity since the advent of Web 2.0. Keywords known as tags are created to annotate web content, and the resulting tag space composed of the tags, the resources, and the users arises as a new platform for web content discovery. Useful and interesting web resources can be located through searching and browsing based on tags, as well as following the user-user connections formed in the social bookmarking community. However, the effectiveness of tag-based search is limited due to the lack of explicitly represented semantics in the tag space. In addition, social connections between users are underused for web content discovery because of the inadequate social functions. In this research, we propose a comprehensive framework to reorganize the flat tag space into a hierarchical faceted model. We also studied the structure and properties of various networks emerging from the tag space for the purpose of more efficient web content discovery.The major research approach used in this research is social network analysis (SNA), together with methodologies employed in design science research. The contribution of our research includes: (i) a faceted model to categorize social bookmarking tags; (ii) a relationship ontology to represent the semantics of relationships between tags; (iii) heuristics to reorganize the flat tag space into a hierarchical faceted model using analysis of tag-tag co-occurrence networks; (iv) an implemented prototype system as proof-of-concept to validate the feasibility of the reorganization approach; (v) a set of evaluations of the social functions of the current networking features of social bookmarking and a series of recommendations as to how to improve the social functions to facilitate web content discovery.

The ongoing increase in the usage of non-renewable energy sources to meet the world demands has caused a massive increase in world pollution, leading to various issues such as global warming and climate change. This has motivated researchers and engineers to undertake intensive research into renewable energy sources which are clean, noise free and can be used in the long term. This thesis introduces design concepts that are aimed to aid designers in optimizing the design of renewable energy power source systems. The PV and TEG have been selected as the key examples to be studied. First, the thermodynamic modelling of the PV/TEG system and its application to outer space systems is examined where the output energy of the PV/TEG can be determined. Moreover, the model is also used as a basis for a genetic algorithm based optimization of the PV/TEG system in terms of maximizing power generation and minimizing mass. The next aspect that is covered in this thesis is the design of the associated DC/DC converter which is important for controlling or maximizing the energy that is acquired from the renewable energy source. Specifically, this thesis introduces an improved method of deriving the transfer functions that relate the inputs to the states of the DC-DC converter. Finally, two novel maximum power point tracking algorithms (MPPT) are introduced and applied to maximize the power extracted from the solar panel and the thermoelectric generator (TEG). These algorithms are known as the “Lock-On Mechanism” and a modified fuzzy logic control based MPPT algorithm. The novel MPPT algorithms are shown to track the MPP quicker and more accurately than that of conventional and previously proposed counterparts.

According to the Conventions on the Rights of the Child, children have the right to make their voices heard and express their opinion in situations concerning them. With this paper the authors have chosen to explore social worker’s view’s on children’s participation and influence, and how these are manifested through the entire case process. The focus in this study has also been the positive and negative effects the children’s influence may have. To investigate this, a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews has been conducted. The interviews of social workers has shown that children have influence, but the extent may vary due to various factors. There are different perceptions of what participation and influence really relate, something that both the interviewed social workers and previous research has pointed out. In doing so, it may be of great importance that social workers continue to talk about children's influence, as well as developing new and more effective methods to make children more involved and give them more influence. This is especially important because of the devastating effects it can have when children are excluded from the decision-making.

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This thesis analyzes another side of Potiguar tourism , the unplanned side, neglected and kept out of touristic activities: excursionism, a leisure practice enjoyed by tourists with low consumer power, and who are commonly referred by the pejorative term farofeiros (picnic lovers). The geographic research sites considered for this study include Arituba, Bo?gua and Carcar? lakes in N?sia Florest, Rio Grande do Norte, where on Sundays and holidays the arrival of hundreds of excursionists, from around the metropolitan region of Natal, from surrounding municipalities, and neighboring States, such as Para?ba and Pernambuco, can be observed. The objective of this study is to analyze the appropriation of the physical site by the practice of excursionism, focusing on its relation to other social agents that also appropriate a designated touristic area. The theoretical discussion considers the use of the space by the touristic leisure practice and the appropriation by distinct social agents, using categories of analysis, such as, production of the space, territory and leisure. The field work was completed with interviews and questionnaires administered to excursionists, excursion organizers, local merchants, representatives of the public setor from the municipalities, and professional dune buggy drivers; besides this, photos, informal dialogue and field observations were important methodological instruments used. From the data, statistical analysis and the development of thematic maps demonstrating the established flux between excursionists and the segregated activity were done. With this research, one can affirm that the practice of excursionism is neglected by the public sector, contrary to the intention of the hegemonic agent?s intentionality present in this touristic territory which aim at the development of a lucrative activity, geared toward tourists with greater spending power. This ignored and neglected faction of Potiguar tourism is considered poor or dirty , and generate conflicts among the distinct social agents: tourists, the market and the public sector, simultaneously peaking interest, which is then appropriated by the informal sector and formal economy. Excursionism is an expressive phenomenon, a socially relevant practice, enjoyed by citizens of the working class who, in order to have a day of leisure, use alternative consumer practices and subvert various strategies of segregation that are imposed within these tourist areas, behavior that, in part, justifies the nickname, picnic lovers , given to these tourists
Esta disserta??o analisa uma outra face do turismo potiguar , a face n?o planejada, negligenciada e segregada da atividade tur?stica. Trata-se do estudo do excursionismo, uma pr?tica de lazer tur?stico realizada por turistas com baixo poder de consumo, denominados pejorativamente de farofeiros , pelo senso comum. O recorte espacial da pesquisa compreende as lagoas de Arituba, Bo?gua e Carcar? (N?sia Floresta/RN), onde se observa nos dias de domingo e feriados a chegada de centenas de excursionistas, oriundos da Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal, de outros munic?pios do entorno e de estados vizinhos, como Para?ba e Pernambuco. O objetivo desta pesquisa ? analisar como se d? a apropria??o do espa?o pela pr?tica do excursionismo enfocando suas rela??es com outros agentes sociais os quais, tamb?m, se apropriam de um territ?rio tur?stico. A discuss?o te?rica considera o consumo do espa?o pela pr?tica do lazer tur?stico e a apropria??o por distintos agentes sociais, utilizando categorias de an?lise como produ??o do espa?o, territ?rio e lazer. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada por meio de entrevistas e aplica??o de question?rios, junto aos excursionistas, organizadores das excurs?es, comerciantes locais, representantes do poder p?blico municipal e da categoria profissional de bugueiros; al?m disto, o registro fotogr?fico, di?logos informais e a observa??o em campo foram instrumentos metodol?gicos importantes. A partir dos dados realizaram-se an?lises estat?sticas e elabora??o de mapas tem?ticos os quais expressam os fluxos estabelecidos pelos excursionistas e a segrega??o da atividade. Com a pesquisa, pode-se afirmar que a pr?tica do excursionismo ? negligenciada pelo poder p?blico, pois esta contraria a intencionalidade dos agentes hegem?nicos presentes neste territ?rio tur?stico uma vez que este visam o desenvolvimento de uma atividade lucrativa, voltada para turistas com maior poder de consumo. Observa-se nesta face ignorada do turismo potiguar, tida como pobre e suja , a exist?ncia de conflitos entre os distintos agentes sociais: turistas, comerciantes locais e poder p?blico, ao mesmo tempo em que, tamb?m, desperta o interesse e ? apropriada pelo setor informal e formal da economia. O excursionismo ? um fen?meno expressivo, uma pr?tica social relevante, realizada por cidad?os que comp?em a classe trabalhadora os quais, para terem um dia de lazer, utilizam-se de pr?ticas alternativas de consumo e burlam variadas estrat?gias de segrega??o que lhes s?o impostas neste territ?rio tur?stico, comportamentos que, em parte justifica a alcunha de farofeiro dada a estes turistas

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The objective of the study was to analyze and discuss the process of urbanization in the tourist city of Natal focusing on the actions of the resident agent as a producer of space tourism. The production and expertise in the areas of the city for the performance of tourism have led to the intensification of social problems of nature that comes to few expelling the residents of the beaches. The cut space of the study included the four beaches of Natal / RN, the praias do Centro, Via Costeira, Ponta Negra beach in the Redinha. For this, was conducted a case study, using the technique of questioning, with the application of one hundred and sixteen (116) questionnaires to residents, with age from thirty-five years, between the four of the City Administrative Regions. The results show that the process of urbanization has interferido tourism on the practices of the recreation of residents in the areas as tourism has shown a trend seen in the intensifying problems of social order, such as prostitution, insecurity, pollution of beaches, etc. The combination of these problems are reflected negatively on the tourist areas and are gradually removing the residents. Through this framework problematic, given to tourist areas in the city, the resident still has not positioned the way criticizes the defense of these, choosing not express or adopting a form of discrete event, such as the gradual exit of the areas and electing tourist beaches in other municipalities. The results are of great significance for the direction of a trip planning committed with the participation of the resident in the planning process. The study is to corroborate with the importance of the participation of the resident, before the trip planning, as it is a fundamental agent for the sustainability of space tourism
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e discutir o processo de urbaniza??o tur?stica na cidade do Natal enfocando a atua??o do residente enquanto agente produtor do espa?o tur?stico. A produ??o e especializa??o dos espa?os na Cidade para o desempenho da atividade tur?stica t?m provocado ? intensifica??o de problemas de natureza socioambiental que aos vem poucos afastando os residentes das praias. O recorte espacial do estudo contemplou as quatro praias de Natal/RN, as Praias do Centro, a Via Costeira, Ponta Negra e a praia da Redinha. Para isto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, utilizando a t?cnica de question?rio, com a aplica??o de cento e dezesseis (116) question?rios aos residentes, com faixa et?ria a partir dos trinta e cinco anos, entre as quatro Regi?es Administrativas da Cidade. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o processo de urbaniza??o tur?stica tem interferido sobre as pr?ticas do lazer dos residentes, na medida que as ?reas tur?stica tem apresentando uma tend?ncia a apari??o e intensifica??o de problemas de ordem socioambiental, como prostitui??o, inseguran?a, polui??o das praias, etc. A associa??o desses problemas t?m repercutido negativamente sobre os espa?os tur?sticos e est?o aos poucos afastando os residentes. Mediante esse quadro problem?tico, conferido aos espa?os tur?sticos na cidade, o residente ainda n?o tem se posicionado de maneira critica na defesa destes, optando por n?o se manifestarem ou adotando uma forma discreta de manifesta??o, como, por exemplo, a sua sa?da gradual das ?reas tur?sticas e elegendo praias em outros munic?pios. Os resultados do estudo s?o de grande relev?ncia para o direcionamento de um planejamento tur?stico comprometido com a participa??o do residente no processo de planejamento. O estudo vem a corroborar com a import?ncia da participa??o do residente, diante do planejamento tur?stico, pois ele ? uma agente fundamental para a sustentabilidade dos espa?os tur?sticos

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O presente trabalho intitulado Uma viagem ins?lita: de um territ?rio pesqueiro a um para?so tur?stico tem como objetivo buscar compreender e interpretar as mudan?as socioespaciais que ocorreram na Praia da Pipa/RN, decorrentes da expans?o da atividade tur?stica e seus reflexos no territ?rio, no per?odo compreendido entre os anos de 1970 e os dias atuais, recorrendo-se a fontes bibliogr?ficas, entrevistas e observa??es in loco, al?m de levantamento de dados secund?rios, cartogr?ficos e fotogr?ficos. Reporta ? nova territorialidade que emergiu com a expans?o da atividade tur?stica para o litoral norte-rio-grandense, atra?da pela praia e pelo sol, que fez convergir para essa ?rea, produtores e consumidores n?o apenas locais, mas tamb?m regionais, nacionais e internacionais. Do ponto de vista social, a popula??o nativa vem sendo expropriada de seus espa?os, da sua cultura, das suas tradi??es e, at? mesmo, do mercado de trabalho, o que vem provocando um processo de desterritorializa??o e o surgimento de novas territorialidades marcadas pela atividade tur?stica. A expans?o da atividade tur?stica em Pipa/RN, a partir de 1970, tem provocado um processo de constru??o de um novo territ?rio o territ?rio tur?stico que se reflete dialeticamente atrav?s do surgimento de um novo cen?rio socioespacial constitu?do de formas e imagens expressas materialmente no lugar

El consum de la música ha canviat dràsticament en els últims anys. Amb l’arribada de la música digital, el cost de producció s’ha reduït considerablement. L’expansió de la Web ha ajudat a promoure l’exploració de molt més contingut musical. Algunes botigues musicals on-line, com iTunes o Amazon, posseeixen milions de cançons a les seves col.leccions. No obstant, accedir a aquestes col.leccions d’una manera eficient és encara un gran repte. En aquesta tesis ens centrem en el problema d’anotar col.leccions musicals amb paraules semàntiques, també conegudes com tags. Els mètodes utilitzats en aquesta tesi estan fonamentats sobre els camps de recuperació de la informació, l’inteligència artificial, i el procesament del senyal. Proposem un algorisme per anotar música automàticament, utilitzant similitud d’audio a nivell de contingut per propagar tags entre cançons. L’algorisme s’avalua extensament utilitzant múltiples col.leccions musicals de diferent mida i qualitat de les dades, incloent una col.lecció de més de mig milió de cançons, anotades amb tags socials derivats d’una comunitat musical. Avaluem la qualitat del nostre algorisme mitjançant una comparació amb algorismes de l’estat de l’art. Addicionalment, discutim la importància d’utilitzar mesures de avaluació que cobreixen diferents dimensions, és a dir, avaluacions a nivell de cançó i a nivell de tag. El nostre algorisme ha estat avaluat i s’ha classificat en altes posicions en el concurs d’avaluació internacional MIREX 2011. Els resultats obtinguts també demostren algunes limitacions de l’anotació automàtica, relacionades amb les inconsistències en les dades, la correlació de conceptes i la dificultat de capturar alguns tags personals amb informació del contingut. Això és més evident en les comunitats musicals, on els usuaris poden anotar cançons amb qualsevol paraula, sigui aquesta contextual o no. Per tal d’abordar aquestes limitacions, presentem un ampli estudi sobre la naturalesa de les folksonomies musicals. Concretament, estudiem si les anotacions fetes per una gran comunitat d’usuaris coincideixen amb un vocabulari més controlat i estructurat per part d’experts en el camp. Els resultats revelen que alguns tags estan clarament definits i compresos tant des del punt de vista dels experts com el de la saviesa popular, mentre que n’hi ha d’altres sobre els quals és difícil trobar un consens. Finalment, estenem el nostre previ treball a un ampli ventall de conceptes semàntics. Presentem un nou métode per a descobrir conceptes semàntics implícits en els tags socials, i classificar aquests tags pel que fa als conceptes semàntics. Les darreres troballes poden ajudar a entendre la naturalesa dels tags socials, i per tant ser beneficials per a una addicional millora de la anotació automàtica de la música.
Music consumption has changed drastically in the last few years. With the arrival of digital music, the cost of production has substantially dropped. The expansion of the World Wide Web has helped to promote the exploration of many more music content. Online stores, such as iTunes or Amazon, own music collections in the order of millions of songs. Accessing these large collections in an effective manner is still a big challenge. In this dissertation we focus on the problem of annotating music collections with semantic words, also called tags. The foundations of all the methods used in this dissertation are based on techniques from the fields of information retrieval, machine learning, and signal processing. We propose an automatic music annotation algorithm that uses content-based audio similarity to propagate tags among songs. The algorithm is evaluated extensively using multiple music collections of varying size and quality of the data, including a large music collection of more than a half million songs, annotated with social tags derived from a music community. We assess the quality of our proposed algorithm by comparing it with several state of the art approaches. We also discuss the importance of using evaluation measures that cover different dimensions; per– song and per–tag evaluation. Our proposal achieves state of the art results, and has ranked high in the MIREX 2011 evaluation campaign. The obtained results also show some limitations of automatic tagging, related to data inconsistencies, correlation of concepts and the difficulty to capture some personal tags with content information. This is more evident in music communites, where users can annotate songs with any free text word. In order to tackle these issues, we present an in-depth study of the nature of music folksonomies. We concretely study whether tag annotations made by a large community (i.e. a folksonomy) correspond with a more controlled, structured vocabulary by experts in the music and the psychology fields. Results reveal that some tags are clearly defined and understood both by the experts and the wisdom of crowds, while it is difficult to achieve a common consensus on the meaning of other tags. Finally, we extend our previous work to a wide range of semantic concepts. We present a novel way to uncover facets implicit in social tagging, and classify the tags with respect to these semantic facets. The latter findings can help to understand the nature of social tags, and thus be beneficial for further improvement of semantic tagging of music. Our findings have significant implications for music information retrieval systems that assist users to explore large music collections, digging for content they might like.
El consumo de la música ha cambiado drásticamente en los últimos años. Con la llegada de la música digital, el coste de producción se ha reducido considerablemente. La expansión de la Web ha ayudado a promover la exploración de mucho más contenido musical. Algunas tiendas musicales on-line, como iTunes o Amazon, poseen millones de canciones en sus colecciones. Sin embargo, acceder a estas colecciones de una manera eficiente es todavía un gran reto. En esta tesis nos centramos en el problema de anotar colecciones musicales con palabras semánticas, también conocidas como tags. Los métodos utilizados en esta tesis están cimentados sobre los campos de recuperación de la información, la inteligencia artifical, y el procesamiento del señal. Proponemos un algoritmo para anotar música automáticamente, usando similitud de audio a nivel de contenido para propagar tags entre canciones. El algoritmo se evalúa extensamente usando múltiples colecciones musicales de distinto tamaño y calidad de los datos, incluyendo una colección de más de medio millón de canciones, anotadas con tags sociales derivados de una comunidad musical. Evaluamos la calidad de nuestro algoritmo mediante una comparación con algoritmos del estado del arte. Adicionalmente, discutimos la importancia de usar medidas de evaluación que cubren diferentes dimensiones; es decir, evaluaciones a nivel de canción y a nivel de tag. Nuestro algoritmo ha sido evaluado y se clasificado en altas posiciones en el concurso de evaluación internacional MIREX 2011. Los resultados obtenidos también demuestran algunas limitaciones de la anotación automática, relacionadas con las inconsistencias en los datos, la correlación de conceptos y la dificultad de capturar algunos tags personales con información del contenido. Esto es más evidente en las comunidades musicales, donde los usuarios pueden anotar canciones con cualquier palabra, sea esta contextual o no. Con el fin de abordar estas limitaciones, presentamos un amplio estudio sobre la naturaleza de las folksonomías musicales. Concretamente, estudiamos si las anotaciones hechas por una gran comunidad de usuarios concuerdan con un vocabulario más controlado y estructurado por parte de expertos en el campo. Los resultados revelan que algunos tags están claramente definidos y comprendidos tanto desde el punto de vista de los expertos como el de la sabiduría popular, mientras que hay otros tags sobre los cuales es difícil encontrar un consenso. Por último, extendemos nuestro previo trabajo a un amplio abanico de conceptos semánticos. Presentamos un método novedoso para descubrir conceptos semánticos implícitos en los tags sociales, y clasificar dichos tags con respecto a los conceptos semánticos. Los últimos hallazgos pueden ayudar a entender la naturaleza de los tags sociales, y por consiguiente ser beneficiales para una adicional mejora para la anotación automática de la música.

Istraživanje je fokusirano na ispitivanje uloge centara sela useoskoj zajednici, razvoj i transformaciju seoskih javnih prostora napodručju Banata u savremenim granicama Vojvodine, kao imeđuzavisnosti tih transformacija centara sela i raznih uticajnihfaktora, pre svega društvenih, političkih, kulturoloških, religijskihi ekonomskih. Analiza obuhvata vreme od XVIII do XXI veka, unutar kojegsu definisana četiri perioda u kojima se razmatra transformacijaprostora po utvrđenim tematskim pitanjima: mesto u seoskoj strukturi,oblik, način ulivanja ulica, funkcija slobodnog prostora,arhitektonski okvir i prostorni mobilijar javnih prostora sela.
The study is focused on examining the role of village centers in ruralcommunities, the development and transformation of rural public space inBanat region of nowadays Vojvodina, as well as the interdependence ofthese transformations and various influencing factors: social, political,cultural, religious and economic. The analysis covers the period from 18th to21st century in which four periods were defined, exploring the transformationof the space based on a predefined set of thematic issues: place in thevillage structure, its shape, the way streets are flowing through the space,function of free space, architectural framework and spatial street furniture inpublic space of villages.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This master thesis aimed to investigate how the power relations operating in the tourism social processes, have shaped the urbanization of Ponta Negra district, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - RN. The study assumes that the production of space is the result of global phenomena individualized by local forces a process of glocalization. The method used was the case study. It used primary and secondary data and information were treated using the technique of content analysis. The urbanization of Ponta Negra is inserted in the context of global process triggered in the 1970s. The Park of Dunas and Costeira Highway (PD/VC) urbanization project marks the beginning of the Tourisms since 1979. The period in focus was 1979 to 2009. The tourism was dived into four major sections time: tourism in Natal before the Coastal Highway (1939-1979); Project Parque das Dunas / Coastal Highway to the first boom in domestic tourism (1979 - 1990); the internationalization of tourism (1991-2000) and, of first "boom" to "decline" of international tourism (2001-2009). Based on the historical evolution of the tourism were elected three different social processes, able to demonstrate how relations of social forces brought in space act on them and help shape the process of urbanization of the neighborhood in question: The removal of beach hut , the soccer field Botafogo Football Club and the skyscrapers . Finally, it should summarize the research identified interests and conflicts among the actors that form the thrust of spatial transformations: cultural conflicts resulting from the imposition of social practices that differ from the taste of native; clashes between different groups that reflect the duality between use value and exchange value; and interests in land values. In addition, demonstrated that the social relations that involve the production of the area are stimulated by deep-seated societal processes historically and camouflaged by market relations and a modern facade that the city has acquired in recent times; revealed that the actors are linked in networks to increase their influence and that this influence varies mainly according to economic and political power that they or their associates hold
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar de que modo ?s rela??es de for?a, operando nos processos sociais do turismo, t?m moldado a urbaniza??o do bairro de Ponta Negra, Natal, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte RN. O estudo parte do pressuposto de que a produ??o do espa?o resulta de fen?menos globais particularizados por for?as localizadas um processo de glocaliza??o. O l?cus de an?lise dessa investiga??o ? o bairro de Ponta Negra. Foram utilizados dados prim?rios e secund?rios e as informa??es foram tratadas atrav?s da t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do. A urbaniza??o de Ponta Negra est? inserida no contexto da reestrutura??o produtiva mundial deflagrada na d?cada de 1970. O projeto de urbaniza??o tur?stica do Parque das Dunas Via Costeira (PD/VC), marca a forma??o do Campo Tur?stico de Natal a partir de 1979. O recorte espacial contempla o per?odo que vai de 1979 at? 2009. A investiga??o hist?rica desse recorte permitiu dividir a trajet?ria do Turismo em Natal em quatro grandes recortes temporais: o turismo em Natal antes da Via Costeira (1939-1979); do Projeto Parque das Dunas/Via Costeira ao primeiro "boom" do turismo nacional (1979 - 1990); a internacionaliza??o do turismo em Natal (1991-2000) e; do primeiro boom ao decl?nio do turismo internacional (2001-2009). Com base na evolu??o hist?rica do turismo foram eleitos tr?s processos sociais diversos, capazes de demonstrar como as rela??es de for?as sociais interpostas no espa?o atuam sobre eles e contribuem para moldar o processo de urbaniza??o do bairro em quest?o: a retirada das barracas , o Campo do Botafogo Futebol Clube e os espig?es . Por fim, cumpre sintetizar que a pesquisa identificou interesses e conflitos entre os atores que formam o fio condutor das transforma??es espaciais: conflitos de ordem cultural resultantes da imposi??o de pr?ticas sociais que diferem do gosto dos nativos; enfrentamentos entre grupos distintos que refletem a dualidade entre o valor de uso e o valor de troca; e interesses de valoriza??o fundi?ria. Ademais, demonstrou que as rela??es sociais que implicam no processo de produ??o do espa?o s?o estimuladas por profundos processos societ?rios arraigados historicamente e camuflados por rela??es de mercado e por uma fachada moderna que a cidade tem adquirido nos ?ltimos tempos; revelou que os atores se articulam em redes para aumentar seu poder de influ?ncia e que essa influ?ncia oscila, principalmente, de acordo com o poder econ?mico e pol?tico que eles ou seus associados det?m

Humanity has always dreamed about a better world. These dreams has manifested themselves in the vision of Utopia - the good place, but also the non-existing place. Up until World War II man still wrote optimistic descriptions of this ideal world, and spread the idea through literature. In the aftermath of the atomic bomb and under the influence of the cold war, these publications seized to surface in literary surroundings. Despite this utopia did not die - it has only changed. Today you can find utopia, not primarily in books, but in Science Fiction. TV’s biggest Science Fiction-series, Star Trek, is perhaps the best example of this. The Master's thesis "Utopia Trek - a travel through Star Trek with the concept of utopia" takes you through the history of utopia and into its new habitat, Star Trek, where the essence of a utopia for the 21th century is found, discussed and reevaluated.

Mänskligheten har alltid drömt om en bättre värld. Dessa drömmar har manifesterats i visionen om Utopia - den goda platsen, men också platsen som inte existerar. Fram till andra världskriget skrev man fortfarande optimistiska beskrivningar av denna idealvärld, och spred idén via litteraturen. Efter hotet från atombomben och under påverkan av det kalla kriget, slutade dessa publikationer att dyka uppi litterära sammanhang. Trots detta dog inte drömmen utopia - det har bara förändrats. Idag kan man finna utopia, inte företrädesvis i böcker, utan i science fiction. Tv:s största science fiction-serie, Star Trek, är kanske det bästa exemplet på detta. Magisteruppsatsen "Utopia Trek - utopibegreppets resa genom Star Trek" tar dig genom utopias historia och in i dess nya hemvist, Star Trek, där essensen av ett utopia för 2000-talet upptäcks, diskuteras och omvärderas.

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The work seeks to understand the process of reterritorialization triggered by tourism development in Tibau do Sul / RN, noting its economic, socio-cultural and political implications to the local society. Tourist activity was addressed as socio-cultural phenomenon, considering the case of (dis) (re) territorialization and power relations between staff producers of the tourism space. Given the complexity of this issue and the need for further studies that focus on the reterritorialization cases generated by tourism in the northeastern coast, given the action of the agents involved in the construction of the spaces generated by tourism, this work is then justified. For such a study an exploratory and qualitative study was conducted, through a survey of secondary and primary data, and interviews with leaders of public, private nonprofit community in the investigated county. In this sense, it was found that the process of (dis) (re) territorialization in the city investigated, permeates the contradictions resulting from the conflicts existing power while providing the location and implications for economic and sociocultural dimensions, its heart is found in the political, the relationship between entrepreneurship - established mainly by outsiders who own businesses in Pipa - and local government - composed entirely by insiders who work in the municipal headquarters, that until then, hold the political and the economic power. Thus, to understand the regionalization of tourism it is necessary to analyze its economic, socio-cultural and political dimensions, referring to the complexity of relationships between producing space agents. It is believed that the reterritorialization can be capable of producing territorialities contextualized to the culture, history, economy and local politics, understanding that the active participation of the natives will contribute to a less perverse, since this has been one of the faces experienced by local people
O trabalho busca compreender o processo de reterritorializa??o desencadeado pelo desenvolvimento do turismo em Tibau do Sul/RN, observando suas implica??es econ?micas, socioculturais e pol?ticas para a sociedade local. A atividade tur?stica foi abordada enquanto fen?meno sociocultural, considerando-se o processo de (des) (re) territorializa??o e as rela??es de poder entre os agentes produtores do espa?o tur?stico. Tendo em vista a complexidade dessa tem?tica e a necessidade de aprofundar estudos que enfoquem os processos desencadeados pela reterritorializa??o tur?stica no litoral nordestino, tendo em vista a a??o dos agentes envolvidos na constru??o dos espa?os produzidos pelo turismo, justifica-se o trabalho. Para tanto foi realizado um estudo explorat?rio e qualitativo, atrav?s de levantamento de dados secund?rios e prim?rios, e a realiza??o de entrevistas com as lideran?as do poder p?blico, iniciativa privada, terceiro setor e comunidade do munic?pio pesquisado. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que o processo de (des)(re)territorializa??o no munic?pio investigado, perpassa por contradi??es resultantes dos conflitos de poder existentes na localidade e embora traga implica??es nas dimens?es econ?micas e socioculturais, seu cerne ? verificado no ?mbito pol?tico, na rela??o entre o empresariado marcado predominantemente por outsiders que possuem neg?cios em Pipa e o Poder P?blico local integralmente composto por insiders que atuam na sede municipal, que at? ent?o, al?m de deter o poder pol?tico tamb?m detinham o poder econ?mico. Dessa forma, compreender a territorializa??o pelo turismo ? analisar suas dimens?es econ?mica, sociocultural e pol?tica; remetendo-se ? complexidade das rela??es entre os agentes produtores do espa?o. Acredita-se que a reterritorializa??o pode ser capaz de produzir territorialidades contextualizadas ? cultura, ? hist?ria, ? economia e ? pol?tica local, entendendo que a participa??o ativa dos nativos vai contribuir para um processo menos perverso, uma vez que essa tem sido uma das faces vividas pela popula??o local

碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系
93
Abstract This study investigates spectrums distribution of noise generated from various devices in engine room of a tug. By understanding the spectrums distribution of the individual noise devices, we can get some guidelines for devices selection. If possible, devices are selected for insensitive ears that can reduce the noise in the engine room. This study also examines methods including passive and active ways to reduce the noise level for commutation at a certain location in the engine room. A septum booth is built to create a local space for communication in the engine room for experiments. It is found that passive materials can effectively eliminate the noise at high frequencies but have less or no effect at low frequencies. Active noise control (ANC) is then designed and applied to attenuate the noise level at low frequencies. Experiments show that the ANC can further reduce the noise level in the septum booth, demonstrating the effectiveness of the combined passive and active approach.

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊工程學系研究所
102
In almost every typical SoCs (System-on-Chip) in modern days, the size of cache grows larger as new SoC fabrics enhanced to satisfy the variety of workloads. Cache occupies the whole chip area more than 60% in SoC. Most of the time, application does not use the entire cache space. Consequently, the underutilized cache space consume a certain power constantly without any contribution. Thus, some of the industry company in present day, starting to develop mechanisms to make the cache size reconfigurable. In recent work, an idea of scratchpad memory extends the turned-off part of cache space as local memory, also called SPM (scratchpad memory), which can benefit other activities to further increase the performance or enhance instruction delivery. However, SPM only uses the part of data RAMs, the tag RAMs part is still remaining un-used. In this work, we proposed an architecture that can exploit the SPM space by reusing tag RAMs in either instruction or data cache. Implementing the proposed architecture on an ARM compatible CPU data cache for case study. The experiment results show that we can reclaim 12.5% of memory space with 0.08% hardware overhead in the configuration of 4KB, 4 way-associative cache with 32 byte line size which is equivalent to ARM Cortex-A5.

碩士
華梵大學
建築學系碩士班
93
Architectural Utopia: Research on Space Practice of Tung-hai Clan of Taichung (L1970s － E1990s) Researcher: Lin, Hung-wei University and department (institute): The Graduate Institute of Architecture, Huafan University Time of Graduation: June 2005 Abstract This paper is to discuss the history of architectural practice of “Tung-hai Clan of Taichung” to Taichung City through architectural history research. Unlike the forming of and worship to architecture masters and heroes, the way of manipulation in this paper goes back to certain historic traces and focuses on the discursive analysis of architectural designs and theoretical transplantation and transformation, as well as searches deep into the professional persistence and ideality that were based on this discipline. This paper is divided into 4 parts. First, it intends to outline the dreams for space and the specialty of the adventurous urban development of Taichung form 1970 to 1990 in the stacks of history in order to sort out the traces and background that Tung-hai Clan of Taichung has risen in. Second, it attempts to sketch out the forming phylum and geometrical framework of Tung-hai Clan of Taichung through massive quantity of interviews. Third, it examines the architectural practice in space and cultural perspectives and performs discursive research and formation analysis by viewing the Tung-hai Clan of Taichung as a cultural and discursive system. And finally, it tries to delineate the contribution and limitation in epistemology and methodology by summarizing the above for the conclusion of this research. There are two aspects of contribution in this research: one is to regard Tung-hai Clan of Taichung as the text of post-war Taiwan architectural history to provide future reference material for discursive research on residence, urban areas and environment with discursive research and formation analysis to describe the contribution and limitation in epistemology and methodology; and the other is to place the dynamic process of history that is in an environmental crisis yet filled with essence of idealism and civilization, as well as non-masterism and non-heroism in the architectural history of post-war Taiwan. In addition to the historic place the Clan has deserved, it also carries out the self-examination on discursive skepticism of the architectural history itself.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
100
Recommendation system is information filtering system that seek to predict the rating or preference that a certain query shows relevancy to particular item or document. In this thesis, we propose a recommendation system which assists journal and conference editors to find suitable reviewer for the proposal. Here, we have focused on domain classification issue of proposal recommendation system using academic tag comparison. We used different source of domain knowledge base called “Call for papers (CFP)”. Based on the keywords provided in CFPs we build domain to classify proposal and reviewers in particular domain. We used Boolean and Vector Space Model concept to find out relevant domain as well as relevant reviewers and ranked them. In our experiment we used real world dataset from National Science Council (NSC) Taiwan, which comprises of 724 proposals (Year 99) and 1253 reviewers. The experimental result shows that our system performs marginally better than previous Expert Finding System.

碩士
臺南藝術學院
建築藝術研究所
92
In this paper,the author would try to state a procedure of seeking out the relationship between space and human being. after 2 years of making and deliberating on space in 〝Iterbreeding Field〞,the author entered the community and tried to carry out the attempt of〝building the public space in the residents’own effort〞. What we want to probe in the procedure, is the condition for the user to show self-control over the space, and to consider about the deserved relationship between human and space. Furthermore we would like to seek out what should be the form of construction in community architecture. Finally, in Chien-kung District, Pin-tung County we accomplished 「Space in the Woods—A Colonizing Project at Chien-kung District, Pin-tung County」.it shows a continuation of my making and the spirit of reclamation inspired by “Iterbreeding Field “, and is my first attempt regarding the space and architecture of community. As the author contacted with the actual cases of community architecture, we find that the constructing form of most public space in the community is not far from that of construction company ,to such an extent that the author can’t see the space is constructed in the residents own effort were it not been told. In other words, it can’t be distinguished from the form of construction. It doesn’t make sense, for if we do agree that the purpose of making by residents their own is to establish the native character by natives, then how could it be identically the same as the methods of the construction companies in the procedure of building up the space? Shouldn’t it be much more particular, or more suiting local environment? The difference in form of construction should be commensurate with the difference in geographical features. Next we consider from the viewpoint of the purpose of self-effort in the community architecture：In the building process, because of the lack of knowledge and incapability in construction, the residents would give over part of the jobs to the construction company. This is also quite irrational, for if the purpose of construction of the community in the residents own effort is to develop a unique method in accordance with locality and the natives’ speciality, so as to elicit native cultural character and to develop the uniqueness of the local space. Then why should we need the help of giant machines from construction company? From my observation, the “self-effort” of present community architectuer in Taiwan mainly halts in designing and planning in room. Due to the doubts from above ,the author is questioning the constructing experience on the spot of present designer in architecture－ How can they lead the community to self-construct the space if they are not acquainted with materials and building methods, let along to discovery the property of a new material? All these linked with the “making” training in “Iterbreeding Field “ yield a new consideration to the author. What if we can bring the experience from “Iterbreeding Field “ to the community? This is the main issue the author want to deal with in this thesis.

碩士
國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班營建技術與管理學程
92
To provide the disabled the environment of the least restrict is a fair start of learning develop, which is not only to maintain human rights, but also the high level symbol of advanced countries. Any country should create「the barrier-free space of living environment」without through any legislation. The nature of the barrier-free environment is the extension and application of the rehabilitation medical science, because only after completing of the rehabilitation of "mental state" and "physiology", the disabled then can have the will, ability and demands to walk into the society. Anyone who wants to push forward to the barrier-free environment, and to have the work function and meaning, should first promote the research works of the medical treatment rehabilitation and the assisting to the disabled. To promote and have the barrier-free environment is not just for the other people, but because oneself, family or friend also might be injured in life or in duties which will need the society accepting and mental state reconstruction. Further more it will reduce the crime rate and also promotes mankind welfare through the forgiveness and care of "loving", therefore constructing the barrier-free environment is a necessary policy. According to the「building technique rule」（1988）chapter 10, it’s the first time in our country to revise and enlarge the building laws for the disabled facilities of public building, to consider the need of the disabled in life. But before the legislation in 1988, there are no any government or research institutes doing any fundamental research in disabled action obstacle and characteristics, and also the localization verified research based on the abroad research results. For the execution of the design standard of barrier-free environment policy, particularly in public school building, this research proposes some related research viewpoint with the gathering of the related rules of building laws, and some other topics such as the programming of campus barrier-free space with the programming of building inside, adding new圖目錄…………………………………………………..VI barrier-free facilities in the existing building to meet the current rules with budget control and campus security.

碩士
建國科技大學
創意生活應用設計研究所
105
The study focused on the reasons why vacant school space exists, on its related policies and on the evolution and current situations of its re-utilization. Based on the example of reusing the vacant school space of Da-Peng elementary school, the study is conducted by using literature review and further exploring and analyzing related data. This study summarized the philosophy of the re-use of vacant school space as follows: embodying sustainable management, enhancing educational functions, sharing community resources, preserving cultural relics and ecology, creating economic benefits and practicing innovative thinking. School is a community center, shouldering the responsibility of both formal and social education. The reusing of its vacant space aims to promote the elastic employment of its original space, endowing the campus with new vitality. Da-Peng elementary abides by the educational and sustainable notion mentioned above. The referencing characteristics of the history and practice of the reutilization of its vacant space are as follows: 1. Forward planning: Adopt combined utilization of all classrooms and make the best use out of them according to the reconstruction of campus buildings year by year in terms of decreasing pupils and estimated new first-graders. 2. Develop school characteristics: Although located in the underprivileged areas, the school and its teachers develop characteristic multi-courses and learning activities to promote students’ learning efficiency and to unearth their potentials by elastic use of various vacant spaces. 3. Build a sustainable ecological campus: Make good use of all kinds of possible vacant space and corner for a greener landscaping, set up eco-friendly environmental and green-energized facilities and systems, practise environmental education down to the earth and build a sustainable ecological campus. 4. Share with community: The school allocates campus space for the need of young kids frolicing, pupils caring and adult learning after school, cares for the underprivileged and promotes ethnic integration for the purpose of fulfilling lifelong learning philosophy, and promotes community development.

碩士
中原大學
建築研究所
105
This study selected the altars around Lanzhou Resettled Tenement in Siwen Village and Yangya Village, Datong District, Taipei City as the research objects to investigate how the residential space pattern is transformed and how the public space passing down traditional activities is reflected in a metropolitan area in different forms and appearances after traditional religions, customs, and culture are integrated into metropolitan rational residential planning. Moreover, this study attempted to understand how the operation of a traditional culture in a metropolitan area influences the life of neighboring communities and to further find out the unique relationship between traditional culture and modern life. In the 1960s when agricultural society was transformed into industrial society, the Taiwan government proposed the exemplary resettled tenement policy of “construction before demolition” for the demolition of illegal buildings. During the transition period when illegal buildings were built up to the 5th floor, residential space of 8-15 ping was planned. The idea of winning through quantity and fighting for more residential space compressed many public spaces. Among the resettled tenement communities, Lanzhou Resettled Tenement in Siwen Village and Yangya Village, Datong District, Taipei City possesses more than just the general characteristics of a resettled tenement. Because the religious beliefs from the hometowns of urban immigrants around the community have been passed down, past family temples have been transformed into altar spaces in a small-scale community, becoming the most densely populated area of traditional religious spaces in Taipei City. When faced with the transformations of current society, temples usually encounter the difficulties of a lack of indoor area and public spaces for various celebration activities in a resettled tenement. Many temporary spaces are created in a metropolitan area and are immediately demolished upon termination of activities. The intensive aggregation of altars led to the continuous construction of various altars in public spaces within one year, which transformed the definition of public space in modern society and developed diversified spatial meanings of local connections. Such uniqueness in a metropolitan area certainly had to be coordinated with multiple parties, such as the government and residents, in the aspects of space, policy, or affective rationality. With the accumulation of experiences for years, the agreed balance of urban activities was reached, making it possible to continue passing down traditional culture in a metropolitan area. These temporary spaces created by temples have invisibly formed an extremely organic space pattern in a metropolitan area, which has constantly expanded the publicness of altars themselves and their activities. From the perspective of the western public domain theory, there seems to be a lack of discussion on the positioning of urban altars themselves and the celebration activities they hold. Based on the concepts of public property and private property in economics, the public property ownership of altars and activities is uncertain. However, such uncertainty is the lifestyle of grassroots people and exists in rational planning and design due to the uniqueness for enabling people to live in public spaces under different contexts.

碩士
中原大學
室內設計研究所
92
ABSTRACT 「Public Art」in Taiwan since 1992，after the Council for Cultural Planning and Development proclaimed「Guidelines for Promoting Culture and Art」，all the important building project or government construction，have to find Public Art to serve as beautification building and environment，to proceed to the next step promote our’s standard of living， but the most part is government construction，the user attribute and needs unknown，like as：Taipei Rapid Transit System、freeway service area、park or plaza、urban green corridor、、，however，the Public Art on campus have user attribute clear，except that Public Art to serve as a decorative article on the campus space or a totemic for an idea with school to devote，with regards to the Education of Arts and Humanity with Aesthetic Education to raise the students children’s aesthetic experience，for teaching materials in artistic curriculum and art display on campus environment，the Public Art on Campus seems already can be equal to serve as a medium materials of Aesthetic Education。But，in space aesthetic molding with the Public Art on Campus，because of getting effects factors in the establish site and arts form，cause the Public Art on Campus in the school environment，scarce have learning chance to be student children with regards to the senses of the space experience and situation imagine in space Aesthetic Education。 The goal of the research use case study to discussed public art on campus with user and establish space to give rise to what kind of relation with each other and environment transform；and on the process to establish and beside of establish use situation to discussed。Public Art on campus can or can’t for space aesthetic education medium，is this case research to charge and to probe。 This study have five main portion：One，to explain public art on campus study background、intentions and method；Two，to explain the connected noun and difference、the process in the school education system and public art on campus develop historic；Three，case study with the Public Art on campus in the elementary school of Taipei；Four，to explain the public art on campus regards to be space aesthetic education medium；Five，is this study to discussed the conclusion and propose of public art on campus to serve as the space aesthetic education medium。

碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
休閒遊憩研究所
101
1. Itroduction Since eighteenth century, the industrial revolution has brought human beings great convenient, and has also changed trends in the labor force in the world. Then, it revitalizes the new concept of recreation in different levels. Due to tourism has already become an important industry in twenty-first century. For the reason, the Executive Yuan listed the tourism industry as one of Ten Key Individual Plans and proposed Doubling Visitor Arrivals Plan in Challenge 2008 Six-Year National Development Plan. The researcher has lived in Sanyi, Miaoli. The prosperity of the woodcarving industry has brought a number of tourists, especially after Old Mountain Line Railway stop running, which increased tourists’ interests. Hence, it aroused researcher’s interest to know how reproduction changes local space during the process of the production of recreation, such as cultures, landscapes, images, and Popsicle. Thus, the researcher proposed two research issues; first, daily and non-daily life practices; second, the dialectic investigation between production and reproduction. Then, the researcher conducted three research questions: (1) to explore the process of production and reproduction in recreational space in Shenghsing Station, (2) to understand local residents’ cognitions toward recreational space and cultural icons in Shenghsing Station, (3) to describe the interaction between Hakka Affairs Council and local associations and to see the relationship between domination and resistance during the process of the production of space. Then, the researcher took the surrounding areas in Shenghsing Station in Sanyi, Miaoli as the research field. 2. Literature Review The study turned to the description of a social space and adopted Henri Lefebvre’s conceptual triad in the production of space. Henri Lefebvre, a French sociologist and philosopher, is accordant with Marxism to provide a new explanation in space. He revised Marx’s Materialist Dialectics into the socio-spatial dialectic and added the production process, originally existing in merchandise production, into his formula; therefore, space is no longer a production environment occupied by something, but a structural factor for co-constructing a society. Lefebvre also indentified a conceptual triad in the production of space: (1) spatial practices, which refers to an external and material environment, including social production and reproduction, and spatial location and allocation, (2) representations of space, which is a space as developed cognitively with knowledge and ideology and perceived spatial texture, and (3) representational space, a space “ lived’ directly through its perceptions to show social relation between users and an environment. 3. Research Method The study used qualitative research method as a researcher tool because it focuses on interpretations of meaning and process. Although the researcher is not well-experienced in the research field, however, the researcher broke through the limitations of existing theories, combined sociological theory and the field of recreation, and tried to develop the process of the reproduction of recreational space and to explain its operational structure in power and source. The researcher also took the concept of ethnography, collected data, observed the environment, and adopted different research methods in different research groups. First, the researcher deconstructed stakeholders in Shenghsing Station. Second, the researcher interviewed local business owners by purposive sampling with the contents of living experience and space change icons. 4. Discussion and Explanations The existing areas in Shenghsing Station for local residents are for goods and business, but rarely for traditional farms or houses. In 2002, Executive Yuan set up Hakka Affairs Council in order to combine Tung Flower images with the local community. As it got into the surrounding areas in Shenghsing Station as a central government agency, it started neighborhood improvement project and planed one- to three-phased projects. Since Hakka Affairs Council chose the area in Shenghsing Station to develop Hakka Tung Flower Village, the surrounding areas in Shenghsing have dramatically developed due to the cooperation of the central government’s support and local associations. The existing tourist spot in Shenghsing Station is co-constructed by local residents, tourists, planers, and scholars. Let’s briefly view the period of one- to three-phased in constructing Tung Flower Village. In the first phase, Old Mountain Line Railway Industrial Culture Association was just set up, so it was in the running-in period with local business, Hakka Affairs Council, and other associations. Therefore, although they had local images, they did not give many suggestions. Then, after the cooperation in the first phase, they built up the trust within each other. Besides, the planners were gradually familiar with controlling the use of power and resources. In addition, they had all types of possible perspectives and thoughts, and had enough time to continuously communicate and to discuss with local residents; as a result, it made the second phase more practical and intensified, which accorded with the images between local residents and Hakka Affairs Council. In the third phase, it is a transition period for the planners; hence, they can only rely on the last strength to execute the originally familiar production strategies and thoughts. 5. Conclusion The results of the study show that Hakka Affairs Council and local associations cooperated to build the surrounding areas in Shenghsing Station. On the one hand, Hakka Affairs Council presented for the central government agency to allocate resources and to balance power, and made the development of the surroundings areas accord with Hakka Affairs Council’s representations of space. On the other hand, local associations had local perceptions and took the local cultural to contend with. Therefore, Hakka Affairs Council took Tung Flower as the main scheme to fulfill local demands, then changed local residents’ local perceptions, and matched Hakka Affairs Council’s strategies. The relationship between the central government agency and local associations is domination and resistance. The study also shows that local associations easily knew local demands and thoughts, but not all of them could practice ideal forms of cultural space. After all, local associations involved numerous benefits and power. The development of the surrounding areas in Shenghsing Station leaded the rise and fall of power between two parities. As for the production of space, the surrounding areas in Shenghsing Station has never stopped produce its own cultural space. In other words, the production of space has never stopped.

碩士
中原大學
建築研究所
96
Take demographic change of society lay with advanced age, compatriot’s idea of bring up also change thereupon, in addition, the level of education raise generally, advanced age person pay more attention to independent life and treatment way. Some Northern European countries propose the policy goal of aging in place, to consider it should help advanced age person or physical and psychological function obstacle person keep one’s home as much as possible to be take care for a long time , and pass the life of the independent normality. In recent years, government actively promote the idea of ' get rid of organization ', spread the function of the organization into the communities, treatment accepting the ' community care ' in the community enabling advanced age person to live and is used to living in oneself. The community care is in an extremely important point of the course from taking the home type into organization , this research hopes to improve the type that the advanced age person of the organization type care facilities of the present stage attitude, think that looks after the demand that the person who reduces advanced age looks after for the organization type with the community, in order to the time to wear out of person who delays advanced age, achieve the following purpose: 1. Study and distinguish every principle of the idea ' unit care ', and expects to improve a enhance the quality of day care services and the environment for the elderly. 2. To investigated and analysis care environmental demand and the unused space , probe into the feasibility of constructing welfare facilities for advanced age person by re-sing the unused space. 3. To understand the environment of day care organization and the relevant subjects in the software and hardware aspect of present situation of environmental facility, and put forward the countermeasure to establish the community day care centre in the future. The content of this study can be categorized into three parts. In the first part, to distinguish the present situation of care service and unused space in Chu-Tung area, carry on interview investigation 25 pieces secretary. In the second part, via is it serve questionnaire investigation result of demand is it cross the dominance is analysis to go on to look after , in order to understand locality to looking after the view and demand served in the day care of advanced age person. In the third part, after gather together the theory and investigation analysis result to draft the design condition and design criteria, and according to the analysis result of unused space, select case operation of carrying on the environmental transformation plan of warehouse of peasant association of Chu-Tung area, do it for the support and verification between the theory and practice. The research results look after with constructing a community day care centre for the elderly by re-using of unused space with the concept of unit care, and based on the findings, several conclusions and research recommendations are to be proposed. The conclusions include analysis result of two subject care environmental demand and re-using of unused space. As for the research recommendations, to bring up proposition of the operation strategies of constructing a community day care centre for the elderly by re-using of unused space with the concept of unit care and the attention point of software and hardware subject

O conhecimento espacial é, há muito tempo, uma peça fundamental no desenvolvimento das sociedades e do modo como o Homem interage com o espaço. A possibilidade de se conhecer a localização geográfica de um fenómeno, de o relacionar com outros elementos do território, de identificar padrões espaciais ou de tomar decisões com base nas suas características geográficas, demonstram como a informação e o conhecimento espaciais desempenham um papel crucial no desenvolvimento social, político e económico das sociedades. A importância da Informação Geográfica cresceu de tal forma que, nas últimas décadas, tem-se observado o impacto significativo da utilização dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, quer na gestão da informação, quer no desenvolvimento de instrumentos de apoio à decisão. É neste contexto que surge o presente Relatório de Atividade Profissional que tem como objetivo abordar a utilização das Tecnologias de Informação Geográfica, no geral, e os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, em particular, nos processos de Gestão de Resíduos e Espaços Verdes. Todas as Tecnologias de Informação Geográfica são aplicadas na Gestão de Resíduos e Espaços Verdes com suporte das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação. Ao longo deste Relatório de Atividade Profissional é elaborado um descritivo da minha atividade profissional nesta área, bem como as minhas responsabilidades em cada projeto, demonstrando o enquadramento do meu percurso profissional no âmbito do Mestrado Ordenamento do Território e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica.
The spatial knowledge has been, for a long time, an essential key in the development of societies and also in the way that Man interacts with the space. The possibility of knowing the geographic location of a phenomenon, relating it to other elements of the territory, identifying spatial patterns or making decisions based on their geographical features, reveals how spatial information and knowledge play a crucial role in the development of social, political and economic aspects of societies. The importance of Geographic Information has grown such much that, in the last decades, the significant impact of the use of Geographic Information Systems has been widely observed, both in information management and in the development of instruments that support the decision-making processes. The main goal of this Report of Professional Activity is to address the use of Geographic Information Technologies, in general, and Geographic Information Systems, in particular, in the Waste and Green Spaces Management. All Geographic Information Technologies are used at Waste and Green Spaces Management with the support of Information and Communication Technologies. Throughout this Report of Professional Activity, there is a description of my professional activity in this area, as well my main duties indifferent projects, demonstrating the framing of my professional path within the scope of Spatial Planning and Geographic Information Systems Master’s Degree.