Статті в журналах: "Space craft engineering"

1

Cowen, Ron. "Tryst in Space: Craft, Asteroid Rendezvous." Science News 157, no. 8 (February 19, 2000): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012201.

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2

Jordan, James F. "Navigation of Spacecraft on Deep Space Missions." Journal of Navigation 40, no. 1 (January 1987): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300000266.

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Spacecraft which are sent on deep space missions to the planets must be accurately navigated in order to achieve the correct flight path. Navigation analysts use precise measurements and large computational software systems to determine a spacecraft's position throughout the mission and compute the velocity corrections for its guidance through space. When the spacecraft is launched into deep space on its voyage, it is impossible to know with great precision where it is headed. Imperfections in both the launch vehicle's terminal velocity and the uncertainty in the knowledge of the parameters which will affect the spacecraft trajectory contribute to errors in the predictions of the total flight path. Continuous navigation of the spacecraft achieves an ever-evolving prediction of its orbit from the reduction of radiometric and astrometric observations of the craft. Control of the spacecraft is achieved by computing and signalling to the craft a series of propulsive, velocity correction commands, which manoeuvre the craft to its desired course.

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3

Bruno, Claudio, Antonella Ingenito, and Domenico Simone. "Mars One-Year Mission Craft." Aerospace 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2023): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10070610.

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A human Mars mission is more challenging to astronauts than the Apollo mission because of travel time, life support requirements, and the space environment. Although plans for Mars exploration by NASA and SpaceX based on conventional rockets have been presented, there are considerations that suggest alternatives for the mid- or long-term. The purpose of this paper is to outline a fast mission enabled by advanced (nuclear) propulsion and by internationally shared technology. Whether the destination is the Mars surface or Phobos, for a chemical powered spacecraft, the round trip takes about 990 days, including a 480-day surface stay, compared to only 370 days, including a 41-day surface stay, for the nuclear-powered spacecraft assumed here. Since nuclear propulsion can provide higher speed than chemical, the radiation dose can be drastically reduced. The logistics of such a mission involve one or more cargo craft that must precede the astronauts. Ballistic entry into Mars’ atmosphere depends on accurate knowledge of its features, to date poorly known, that may result in uncertainty in landing coordinates. For a single vehicle, this is not critical, but for a human crew ballistic landing kilometers away from cargo is unacceptable: walking for anything but the shortest distance cannot be afforded with current space suits. In this context, the concept of a modest L/D maneuvering cargo glider based on the past Russian “Kliper” is recommended and developed to ensure landing within a hundred meters of each spacecraft. The crewed lander vehicle is based on the high L/D, inherently stable USAF FDL-7C/D hypersonic glider experience. In a similar approach, an exploration vehicle powered by in situ manufactured CO2 and silane is described that can explore the Martian surface much faster and efficiently than with rovers or rocket-powered ‘hoppers’.

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4

KOBAYASHI, Akihide. "Surface Finishing in Thermal Control of Space Craft." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 66, no. 6 (2015): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.66.256.

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5

Divya N.M, Jhanavi M, Nithin Kumar S, Shalmali S.Mankikar, Dr. Sindhu Sree M, Dr. Pavithra G, and Dr. T.C.Manjunath. "A study on weather forecasting by using nano-space craft." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 3 (2023): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.62.

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In this paper, the study on weather forecasting by using nano space craft is presented. In the past two decades, a silent revolution has taken place in the space domain, leading to what today is known as “New Space.” We have passed from a selected group of countries, space agencies, and big industries building, launching, and operating satellites and other spacecrafts, of a scenario in which many universities and research institutes can do it. The key of this was the definition of the “CubeSat” standard, back to 1999. In 2013, it all took off on the commercial Earth Observation sector with the first launches from two companies that are now running 100+ CubeSat constellations for optical imaging or weather prediction, with very low revisit times. Today, the same revolution is taking place in the fields of Telecommunications, and Astronomical Scientific missions. In this chapter, the evolution of the space sector is briefly revised until the arrival of the CubeSats. Then, the CubeSat intrinsic limitations are discussed as they are key to understand the development and current situation of the CubeSat sector. NASA and ESA strategies are also presented. The chapter concludes with a summary of the technology roadmap to enable the next generation of CubeSat-based missions, including satellite constellations or federations, formation flying, synthetic apertures… The work done & presented in this paper is the result of the mini-project work that has been done by the first sem engineering students of the college and as such there is little novelty in it and the references are being taken from various sources from the internet, the paper is being written by the students to test their writing skills in the starting of their engineering career and also to test the presentation skills during their mini-project presentation. The work done & presented in this paper is the report of the assignment / alternate assessment tool as a part and parcel of the academic assignment of the first year subject on nanotechnology & IoT.

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6

Stapleford, Thomas A. "Engineering the “Statistical Control of Business”." History of Political Economy 52, S1 (December 1, 2020): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-8717924.

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Malcolm Rorty is best known to historians of economics as the primary organizer and founder of the National Bureau of Economic Research. This article situates Rorty’s interest in economics against the backdrop of his early career in telephone engineering at American Telephone & Telegraph. I argue that distinct structural features of telephone engineering in general, and AT&T in particular, created overlaps between the practices of engineering and economics, and also opened space for Rorty to craft a broader vision for the “statistical control of business” through quantitatively informed management.

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7

Sinha, Apoorva, Vandana Sehgal, and Shriyak Singh. "Association of Bastar Tribal Art & Craft in Interiors." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 3695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51074.

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Abstract: The dominant fragment of India, the central belt and the central-eastern states are the most important part of India where the tribal communities live. The tribal people are deeply rooted in India and have developed their own techniques and characteristics from various sources. Various tribal arts are increasingly recognized as distinct art forms with distinct aesthetic beauty. All the artistic factors that give an artistic formation a distinctive individuality, such as composition, line, color, texture, and rhythm, are examined in this study to evaluate the emerging trends of tribal art in interior design. Art allows people to express their personality and their beliefs. A tribe harbors an environment for generating new ideas for work and life whilst also fostering a sense of community which is vital for a healthy productive life. Tribal Art encourages dialogue and inspires our imaginations. Art improves the quality of our lives and our living spaces. It adds warmth and texture to your space. Thus, Tribal Art lets us think about new ideas, explore and experience new perspectives in life. It helps us take a moment away from our busy lives to connect with new community also. The research is based on secondary data collection through case studies and information collected by government departments based on different research papers respectively. Finally, it is concluded that these tribal art products are astonishing and due to this reason, it makes an interior space more enticing and aesthetic. By promoting the handicraft of Bastar, we are not only revealing the hidden talents of the artisans to the world but also strengthening the Indian culture by escalating it in the global scenario

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8

Cowen, Ron. "Stormy weather in space: Craft take panoramic view of solar eruptions." Science News 171, no. 9 (September 30, 2009): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.2007.5591710906.

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9

Mahdi Sajedi, Sayyed, Parviz Ghadimi, Mohammad Sheikholeslami, and Mohammad A. Ghassemi. "Experimental and numerical analyses of wedge effects on the rooster tail and porpoising phenomenon of a high-speed planing craft in calm water." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 13 (March 6, 2019): 4637–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219833722.

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This paper presents experimental and numerical investigation of stability and rooster tail of a mono-hull high-speed planing craft with a constant deadrise angle. Initially, a one-fifth scale model was tested in a towing tank, which showed porpoising phenomenon at 8 m/s (equal to the speed of sailing). Subsequently, two wedges of 5 and 10 mm heights, based on the boundary layer calculations, were mounted on the aft section of the planing hull. These wedges were shown to increase the lift at the aft section. These experiments were carried out at different speeds up to 10 m/s in calm water. The experimental results indicated that the installed wedges reduced the trim, drag, and the elapsed time for reaching the hump peak, and also eliminated the porpoising condition. All these test cases were also numerically simulated using Star CCM+ software. The free surface was modeled using the volume of fluid scheme in three-dimensional space. The examined planing craft had two degrees of freedom, and overset mesh technique was used for space discretization. The obtained numerical results were compared with experimental data and good agreement was displayed in the presented comparisons. Ultimately, the effect of the wedge on the rooster tail behind the planing craft was studied. The results of this investigation showed that by decreasing the trim at a constant speed, the height of the generated wake profile (rooster tail) behind the craft decreases, albeit its length increases.

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10

D’Amato, Egidio, Immacolata Notaro, Vincenzo Piscopo, and Antonio Scamardella. "Hydrodynamic Design of Fixed Hydrofoils for Planing Craft." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020246.

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The employment of fixed hydrofoils on existing planing craft is becoming a widely investigated topic, thanks to the opportunity of reducing the total drag forces and the consumptions of main engines, with a positive impact also in terms of air pollutant emissions in the atmosphere. The design of fixed hydrofoils for planing craft is investigated after developing the wing hydrodynamic model, capable of capturing the main forces acting on the craft longitudinal plane. An iterative procedure is developed to solve the nonlinear equilibrium equations and detect the minimum thrust configuration of the fixed hydrofoils at the cruise speed. The new iterative procedure allows investigating the entire design space of fixed hydrofoils and detecting the best configuration for both new and existing craft, with a positive impact in terms of time effort amount and design efficiency. A simplified seakeeping model is also developed to evaluate the impact of fixed hydrofoils on the craft hydrodynamics in a seaway. The USV01 planing craft is assumed as reference for the case study. The wing optimization procedure is employed and the seakeeping analysis in the foil-borne mode is subsequently performed by a set of dedicated codes developed in Matlab. The obtained results are discussed and some suggestions for the reliable design of fixed hydrofoils are provided.

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11

Hill, Rachel. "Cover Essay: Stamping Soviet Cosmonauts, Craft, and Cosmos." Technology and Culture 64, no. 3 (July 2023): 651–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2023.a903967.

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abstract: The cover image for this edition of Technology and Culture is a franked Soviet stamp. Despite its seemingly unassuming form, this stamp celebrates a pivotal moment in spaceflight history: the first woman to complete a successful orbital flight in space, Valentina Tereshkova. The image draws together cosmonaut, early spacecraft operations, and emerging understandings of the Earth's upper atmosphere, to succinctly illustrate Tereshkova's achievement. Examining the stamp reveals how spaceflight technology, public spectacle, and Soviet secrecy result in very specific aesthetic forms that fuse technical accuracy with flights of fancy. Tracing the trajectories of these (un)intended aesthetic forms, thinking through how they develop and transform over time, demonstrates how some histories of technology are best unearthed via visual means. In doing so, this essay prompts historians of technology to take note of visual analysis as an important but underutilized tool for their craft.

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12

Soilleux, Richard, Stephen Baxter, Michel Lamontagne, and Robert Freeland. "The Settlement of Space: Economical and Logistical Drivers and Constraints." Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 76, no. 5 (July 12, 2023): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.59332/jbis-076-05-154.

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This work is part of the BIS SPACE technical project studying long term possibilities for an expansion of industrial civilisation on Earth and in space. This paper traces the potential development of space settlements through four ‘generations’, driven and constrained by various economic, physical, and cultural factors. To provide a context for later work, time scales and orders of magnitudes are estimated together with constraints and drivers for space settlement. Following papers will explore the technology of fast transits within the Solar System required to support the economic model and define a fleet of interplanetary craft, based on flow stabilized Z-pinch fusion engines. Keywords: SPACE Project, In-Situ Resource Utilization, Space Settlement, Fission and Fusion Powered Spaceships, Interplanetary Logistics, Dyson Swarm, Kardashev Type I and II

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13

Soilleux, Richard, Stephen Baxter, and Michel Lamontagne. "The Settlement of Space: Economical and Logistical Drivers and Constraints." Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 76, no. 5 (July 12, 2023): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.59332/jbis-076-05-0154.

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This work is part of the BIS SPACE technical project studying long term possibilities for an expansion of industrial civilisation on Earth and in space. This paper traces the potential development of space settlements through four ‘generations’, driven and constrained by various economic, physical, and cultural factors. To provide a context for later work, time scales and orders of magnitudes are estimated together with constraints and drivers for space settlement. Following papers will explore the technology of fast transits within the Solar System required to support the economic model and define a fleet of interplanetary craft, based on flow stabilized Z-pinch fusion engines. Keywords: SPACE Project, In-Situ Resource Utilization, Space Settlement, Fission and Fusion Powered Spaceships, Interplanetary Logistics, Dyson Swarm, Kardashev Type I and II

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14

Alwes, D., and H. Sdunnus. "Space debris aspects in design and operation of a space craft – the programmatic of an end-to-end service." Advances in Space Research 34, no. 5 (January 2004): 1264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2003.11.015.

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15

Baxter, Stepen. "Fast Interplanetary Travel: a Literature Review." Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 76, no. 5 (July 12, 2023): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.59332/jbis-076-05-163.

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The project to which this paper is a contribution is a prospectus for the integrated industrial development of the Solar System. Fast transit on an interplanetary scale is a prerequisite before such a development can be established. To facilitate this freedom of movement, this study has defined a suite of fast, large-scale interplanetary ships, achievable in the relatively near term. As background, the present paper is a review of the literature on the feasibility of fast, large-scale, nuclear-powered, cargo carrying and/or crewed interplanetary craft, as explored historically from the development of atomic theory itself through to the application of modern fusion-technology high-performance propulsion systems. The study is part of the BIS SPACE (Study Project Advancing Colony Engineering) technical initiative. Keywords: BIS SPACE Project, Nuclear Powered Spaceship, Fast Interplanetary Ship, Project Daedalus, Project Icarus

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16

Baxter, Stephen. "Fast Interplanetary Travel: a Literature Review." Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 76, no. 5 (July 12, 2023): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.59332/jbis-076-05-0163.

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The project to which this paper is a contribution is a prospectus for the integrated industrial development of the Solar System. Fast transit on an interplanetary scale is a prerequisite before such a development can be established. To facilitate this freedom of movement, this study has defined a suite of fast, large-scale interplanetary ships, achievable in the relatively near term. As background, the present paper is a review of the literature on the feasibility of fast, large-scale, nuclear-powered, cargo-carrying and/or crewed interplanetary craft, as explored historically from the development of atomic theory itself through to the application of modern fusion-technology high-performance propulsion systems. The study is part of the BIS SPACE (Study Project Advancing Colony Engineering) technical initiative. Keywords: BIS SPACE Project, Nuclear Powered Spaceship, Fast Interplanetary Ship, Project Daedalus, Project Icarus

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17

Wilt, Evan, and Timothy Sands. "Microsatellite Uncertainty Control Using Deterministic Artificial Intelligence." Sensors 22, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 8723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228723.

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This manuscript explores the applications of deterministic artificial intelligence (DAI) in a space environment in response to unknown sensor noise and sudden changes in craft physical parameters. The current state of the art literature has proposed the method, but only ideal environments, and accordingly this article addresses the literature gaps by critically evaluating efficacy in the face of unaddressed parametric uncertainties. We compare an idealized combined non-linear feedforward (FFD) and linearized feedback (FB) control scheme with an altered feedforward, feedback, and deterministic artificial intelligence scheme in the presence of simulated craft damage and environmental disturbances. Mean trajectory tracking error was improved over 91%, while the standard deviation was improved over 97% whilst improving (reducing) control effort by 13%.

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18

Kaufman, Daniel. "Force-Limiting Testing for the Small Explorer Satellite Program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center." Journal of the IEST 43, no. 1 (December 14, 2000): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.43.1.b1k7273p20um211n.

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The Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) and Transition Region Coronal Explorer (TRACE) Space-craft underwent random vibration testing using force-limiting techniques as a means of controlling the vibration input motions. Interface force measurements were made for random vibration tests. Automatic force feedback notching was provided for the random vibration tests. This paper presents the methods employed to determine force spectrums. Test results are presented to show the effects of the force-limiting technique.

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19

Wang, Yong Jun, Jing Shuo Xu, Rui Hua Song, Yang Gao, and Ya Zhou Di. "Comparison on Three Filter Methods in Self-Alignment for SINS of the Carrier Craft." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1793.

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Fuzzy adaptive filter and H∞ filter are introduced to solve the problem of low filter performance, which comes from uncertain noise caused by seawave and high frequence vibrancy. First, basic principles of the fuzzy adaptive filter and H∞ filter are formulated. Second, state space model of self-alignment for SINS of the carrier craft is built. Finally, according to each character, a comparison on results that Kalman filter, fuzzy adaptive filter and H∞ filter are applied to alignment for SINS of the carrier craft is made. Simulation results show that although Kalman filter has definite robustness to external uncertainty noise, weak anti-jamming ability and bad filter performance make self-alignment failed. Fuzzy adaptive filter and H∞ filter have strong ability to suppress external uncertain noise and can obtain good filtering accuracy. They both can complete self-alignment. Filtering accuracy and rapidity of fuzzy adaptive filter are better than those of H∞ filter, while robustness and curve smoothness of H∞ filter are stronger than those of other filters.

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20

Levskii, M. V. "Control of spatial reorientation of a space craft using the free trajectory method." Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International 46, no. 6 (December 2007): 962–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064230707060093.

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21

Donahue, Benjamin B. "Lunar Landing Craft for the Reusable Launch Vehicle and Shuttle Vehicles." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 34, no. 4 (July 1997): 564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3249.

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22

WANG, Ting, Guangqing XIA, and Nan ZHAO. "Analysis and Control of Equal Mass Five-Craft Coulomb Formations Flying." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 59, no. 2 (2016): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.59.81.

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23

Ting, Wang, Xia Guangqing, and Zhao Nan. "Reconfiguration and Control of Non-Equal Mass Three-Craft Coulomb Formation." Journal of the Astronautical Sciences 63, no. 1 (February 19, 2016): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40295-015-0083-8.

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24

Sugeng, S., M. Ridwan, S. Sulaiman, and S. F. Khristyson. "Optimization of Space Under Main Deck on Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Ships to Increase Loading Capacity." TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 16, no. 1 (2022): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.16.01.10.

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25

Elvis, Martin. "Research programmes arising from ‘Oumuamua considered as an alien craft." International Journal of Astrobiology 21, no. 2 (April 2022): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147355042100032x.

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AbstractThe controversial hypothesis that ‘Oumuamua (1I/2017 U1) was an alien craft dominated by a solar sail is considered using known physics for the two possible cases: controlled and uncontrolled flight. The reliability engineering challenges for an artefact designed to operate for ~105–106 year are also considerable. All three areas generate research programmes going forward. The uncontrolled case could be either ‘anonymous METI’ (messaging extraterrestrial intelligence) or ‘inadvertent METI’. In the controlled case the nature of the origin star, trajectory guidance from the origin star to the Sun, and the identity of a destination star are all undecided. The ‘controlled’ case has more strikes against it than the ‘uncontrolled’ case, but neither suffers a knock-out blow, as yet. Some of the issues turn out not to be major obstacles to the alien craft hypothesis, but others weaken the case for it. Most, however, imply new studies. Some of these, e.g. intercept missions for new interstellar objects, are concepts being developed, and will be of value whatever these objects turn out to be. Overall, these considerations show that a many-pronged, targeted, research programme can be built around the hypothesis that ‘Oumuamua is an alien craft. The considerations presented here can also be applied to other interstellar visitors, as well as to general discussions of interstellar travel.

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26

Bushell, Peter. "Small Boat Displays: Towards Generality and Ease of Use." Journal of Navigation 49, no. 2 (May 1996): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300013242.

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Electronic navigation systems are now well established on commercial vessels throughout the world. In a big ship it is entirely feasible (and probably necessary) to design the system to suit the ship. Budgets are large and there are few space constraints, so that many separate displays may be used on a bridge which would not look out of place on the USS Enterprise. This is definitely not so for a small sailing cruiser or powered leisure craft. Neither is it true for many fishing vessels. It is to those with an interest in these small boats that I address this paper.

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27

Jones, Drew R., and Hanspeter Schaub. "Collinear Three-Craft Coulomb Formation Stability Analysis and Control." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 37, no. 1 (January 2014): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.60293.

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28

Amariei, Olga-Ioana, Andrea-Amalia Minda, and Daniel-Mihai Amariei. "Analysis of the optimal location of new facilities within a production section." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Engineering 67, no. 1 (November 11, 2022): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeng.2022.1.3.

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In this paper the location of the warehouse of finished products and technical inspection post in the new space of a section for an industrial enterprise, intended for the processing of new products is proposed. This will be done according to several conditions imposed by the company's management. This was done using the Facility Location and Layout module of the WinQSB program, using two problem types: Facility Location and Functional Layout. The first type of problem was used for the location of the two new production units, and the second for the verification, using the CRAFT method, of the spatial location of the production units.

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29

Huang, Huan, Wei-wei Cai, and Le-ping Yang. "6-DOF formation keeping control for an invariant three-craft triangular electromagnetic formation." Advances in Space Research 65, no. 1 (January 2020): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.09.033.

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Prasad, Ramachandra, Bhaskar Reddy, and R. Muthucumaraswamy. "Transient radiative hydromagnetic free convection flow past an impulsively started vertical plate with uniform heat and mass flux." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 33, no. 1 (2006): 31–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tam0601031p.

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The interaction of free convection with thermal radiation of viscous incompressible MHD unsteady flow past an impulsively started vertical plate with uniform heat and mass flux is analyzed. This type of problem finds application in many technological and engineering fields such as rocket propulsion systems, space craft re-entry aerothermodynamics, cosmical flight aerodynamics, plasma physics, glass production and furnace engineering .The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat transfer in the limit of the optically thin fluid. The non-linear, coupled equations are solved using an implicit finite difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson type. Velocity, temperature and concentration of the flow have been presented for various parameters such as thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, radiation parameter and magnetic parameter. The local and average skin friction, Nusslet number and Sherwood number are also presented graphically. It is observed that, when the radiation parameter increases the velocity and temperature decrease in the boundary layer. .

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31

Lee, Xian Yeow, Sambit Ghadai, Kai Liang Tan, Chinmay Hegde, and Soumik Sarkar. "Spatiotemporally Constrained Action Space Attacks on Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 4577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5887.

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Robustness of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms towards adversarial attacks in real world applications such as those deployed in cyber-physical systems (CPS) are of increasing concern. Numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms of attacks on the RL agent's state space. Nonetheless, attacks on the RL agent's action space (corresponding to actuators in engineering systems) are equally perverse, but such attacks are relatively less studied in the ML literature. In this work, we first frame the problem as an optimization problem of minimizing the cumulative reward of an RL agent with decoupled constraints as the budget of attack. We propose the white-box Myopic Action Space (MAS) attack algorithm that distributes the attacks across the action space dimensions. Next, we reformulate the optimization problem above with the same objective function, but with a temporally coupled constraint on the attack budget to take into account the approximated dynamics of the agent. This leads to the white-box Look-ahead Action Space (LAS) attack algorithm that distributes the attacks across the action and temporal dimensions. Our results showed that using the same amount of resources, the LAS attack deteriorates the agent's performance significantly more than the MAS attack. This reveals the possibility that with limited resource, an adversary can utilize the agent's dynamics to malevolently craft attacks that causes the agent to fail. Additionally, we leverage these attack strategies as a possible tool to gain insights on the potential vulnerabilities of DRL agents.

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32

Aslanov, Vladimir S. "Spatial Dynamics and Control of a Two-Craft Coulomb Formation." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 42, no. 12 (December 2019): 2722–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.g004382.

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33

P *, Anand E., and Priya G. Das. "Practical Battery Discharge Regulator with Weinberg Topology." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 9, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.a1124.059120.

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BDR (battery discharge regulator) required to keep battery voltage within acceptable limits and improve life of the battery. A converters with greater reliability, high power density, tolerance to any fault, are needed for BDR in space craft power supply. Weinberg converter topology is suitable meet this specification. This topology can be treated as a modified push-pull converter topology with coupled inductor. Use of coupled inductor makes output current of converter is continuous, which reduces the output filter capacitors requirement. In this, working of converter and its main features are explained and also practically implemented the converter and its results are analyzed.

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Wachowski, Witold M. "What it is like to be a pickpocket." Culture & Psychology 26, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 907–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x19894934.

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This study aims to show the socio-cognitive engineering of the pickpocket craft from the point of view of cognitive ecology. Being a pickpocket has a wider, existential status; studying it goes beyond the field of cognitive sciences. My ambitions are more modest: I try to show that the question about what it is like to be someone like a pickpocket is also a question about the cognitive structure of his or her activity space. In this light, I analyze some aspects of the reality presented in the movie Pickpocket by Robert Bresson. From the ecological point of view, scenes from the old movie present pickpocketing techniques in the context of the opportunities and constraints of a given environment. I claim that studies like this require integrating certain conceptual tools, like distributed cognition approach, ecological psychology, and cognitive studies of design.

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Hasheminasab, Hassan, Hamid Zeraatgar, Hashem Moradi, and Abdollah Sakaki. "Experimental study on water entry of twin wedges." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 234, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090219889236.

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This article presents an experimental study on the water entry of twin wedges commonly used as sections of catamaran craft. A twin wedge is a combination of two single asymmetry wedges connected by so-called wet-deck. The single asymmetry wedge has a vertical side and a non-vertical side with a range of deadrise angles. This study is carried out on a set of twin wedges of 7°, 15° and 20° deadrise angles. For calibrating the experimental equipment, the twin wedges symmetric quality, tank depth effect, three-dimensional effect, repeatability and sampling rate effects are examined. The water entry experiments are conducted through a drop test method. Time histories of impact pressure are recorded for different deadrise angles, drop heights and space between two single wedges. The results show that the effect of space on the peak pressure is negligible. In water entry experiment, the pressure on the non-vertical side of an asymmetry wedge is considerably lower than that on the equivalent symmetry wedge. The vertical side of an asymmetry wedge is under the effect of air entrapment. It has much less pressure than the non-vertical side.

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36

Xu, Yinan, and Shuquan Wang. "Reconfiguration of Three-Craft Coulomb Formation Based on Patched-Conic-Section Trajectories." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 39, no. 3 (March 2016): 474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.g001557.

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37

Inampudi, Ravi, and Hanspeter Schaub. "Orbit Radial Dynamic Analysis of Two-Craft Coulomb Formation at Libration Points." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 37, no. 2 (March 2014): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.55282.

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Sztejnberg, Manuel, Shanjie Xiao, Nader Satvat, Felisa Limón, John Hopkins, and Tatjana Jevremovic. "Radiation shielding aspects for long manned mission to space: Criteria, survey study, and preliminary model." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 21, no. 2 (2006): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0602047s.

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The prospect of manned space missions outside Earth's orbit is limited by the travel time and shielding against cosmic radiation. The chemical rockets currently used in the space program have no hope of propelling a manned vehicle to a far away location such as Mars due to the enormous mass of fuel that would be required. The specific energy available from nuclear fuel is a factor of 106 higher than chemical fuel; it is therefore obvious that nuclear power production in space is a must. On the other hand, recent considerations to send a man to the Moon for a long stay would require a stable, secured and safe source of energy (there is hardly anything beyond nuclear power that would provide a useful and reliably safe sustainable supply of energy). National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) anticipates that the mass of a shielding material required for long travel to Mars is the next major design driver. In 2006 NASA identified a need to assess and evaluate potential gaps in existing knowledge and understanding of the level and types of radiation critical to astronauts' health during the long travel to Mars and to start a comprehensive study related to the shielding design of a spacecraft finding the conditions for the mitigation of radiation components contributing to the doses beyond accepted limits. In order to reduce the overall space craft mass, NASA is looking for the novel, multi-purpose and multi-functional materials that will provide effective shielding of the crew and electronics on board. The Laboratory for Neutronics and Geometry Computation in the School of Nuclear Engineering at Purdue University led by Prof. Tatjana Jevremovic began in 2004 the analytical evaluations of different lightweight materials. The preliminary results of the design survey study are presented in this paper.

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39

Qi, Ruolong, Weijia Zhou, Huijie Zhang, Wei Zhang, and Guangxin Yang. "Trace generation of friction stir welding robot for space weld joint on large thin-walled parts." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 6 (October 17, 2016): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2015-0075.

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Purpose The weld joint of large thin-wall metal parts which deforms in manufacturing and clamping processes is very difficult to manufacture for its shape is different from the initial model; thus, the space normals of the part surface are uncertain. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an effective method is presented to calculate cutter location points and to estimate the space normals by measuring some sparse discrete points of weld joint. First, a contact-type probe fixed in the end of friction stir welding (FSW) robot is used to measure a series of discrete points on the weld joint. Then, a space curve can be got by fitting the series of points with a quintic spline. Second, a least square plane (LSP) of the measured points is obtained by the least square method. Then, normal vectors of the plane curve, which is the projection of the space curve on the LSP, are used to estimate the space normals of the weld joint curve. After path planning, a post-processing method combing with FSW craft is elaborated. Findings Simulation and real experiment demonstrate that the proposed strategy, which obtains cutter locations of welding and normals without measuring the entire surface, is feasible and effective for the FSW of large thin-walled complex surface parts. Originality/value This paper presents a novel method which makes it possible to accurately weld the large thin-wall complex surface part by the FSW robot. The proposed method might be applied to any multi-axes FSW robot similar to the robot studied in this paper.

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40

Thilmany, Jean. "Coming to a MEMS Near You." Mechanical Engineering 123, no. 02 (February 1, 2001): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2001-feb-7.

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A new process developed at the Argonne National Laboratory in Argonne, Illinois, for growing diamond films promises to bring the superior mechanical and thermal properties of diamond to the rapidly expanding field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Many of the visionary applications of MEMS, such as tiny weather satellites and deep-space craft, require moving mechanical assemblies that can operate for years or decades. Diamond films acquire an adsorbed surface layer of hydrogen or oxygen, and- if the film is smooth enough- this layer serves as a lubricant. Films produced by other methods than that used at Argonne are rough, and the surface irregularities negate the effect of the adsorbed antifriction layer. The Argonne scientists have developed an ultrananocrystalline technology that makes the MEMS components of diamond film that has the smoothness, detail, and structural stability necessary for practical use. The laboratory scientists are now working on a multilayer deposition method to allow the complete fabrication of full devices without the need for them to be assembled manually.

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41

Han Yi, 韩. 意., 陈. 明. Chen Ming, 谢剑锋 Xie Jianfeng, and 段成林 Duan Chenglin. "Simulation & validation of ground-based optical-telescope imaging on target craft." Infrared and Laser Engineering 48, no. 12 (2019): 1214002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201948.1214002.

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Soni, Vatsal. "Effects of COVID19 on the Sustainable Development of Agriculture." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43120.

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Abstract: Farming is that the muse of any economy. It' the essential space that creates work thus the complete hover of financial course goes on. At the aim once we tend to mention the Indian economy, most of the world is confined to this area. In bound countries, COVID19 has nonexistent whereas in some it' returning. merely a restricted capability to focus the pandemic can leave a never-ending impact on the farming area. this COVID19 international pandemic has amplified the pressure on the agriculture sector, inciting the requirement for property agriculture quite ever. Thus, throughout this review, a sustainable perspective of the utilization of remotely piloted craft (RPA) or drone technology among the agriculture sector. good farming, exactitude agriculture or smart-agriculture may even be a recent agricultural technique that has been wide practiced in developed countries to satisfy the challenges of fast demand for food. the most applications of drone in agriculture are irrigation, crop monitoring, soil and field analysis and bird control.

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43

Sharma, Niranjan Prasad. "Solar UV Index at Different Altitudes of Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 14, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v14i1.20085.

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The main objective of this research is to study the satellite estimated solar Ultraviolet data alongside the ground based data in Nepal. Kathmandu (27.72°N, 85.32°>E), Pokhara (28.22°N, 83.32°E) Biratnagar (26.45°N, 87.27°E) and Lukla (27.69°N, 86.73°E) are located at an elevation of 1350m, 800m, 72m and 2850m respectively from the sea level. The ground based measurements and the satellite estimation were performed by NILU-UV irradiance meter and EOS Aura OMI satellite respectively. The NILU-UV irradiance meter is a six channel radiometer designed to measure hemispherical irradiances on a flat surface. Meanwhile the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board, the NASA EOS Aura space craft is a nadir viewing spectrometer that measures solar reflected and back scattered light in ultraviolet and visible spectrum. The study was performed for 3 years Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) data. This study showed that the ratio of predicted OMI Ultraviolet Index (UVI) to that determined from the ground based measurement was less than 1.21 except in Lukla.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 200-205

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44

Alybin, Vyacheslav, and Sergey Avramenko. "Twofold Reserved Solid-State Amplifier of UNF Power for Onboard Equipment of Spacecraft’s." Infocommunications and Radio Technologies 6, no. 2 (August 23, 2023): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2587-9936.2023.06.2.13.

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The paper considers a block diagram, known constructions, and proposed design of a twofold reserved solid-state microwave power amplifier (RSSPA) for space-craft onboard equipment. Modern requirements of the RSSPA to a thermostatically controlled plate (TCP) used to remove heat from only one amplifier of the RSSPA are stated. The advantages and disadvantages of “two-storey” constructions and design with vertical positioning of power amplifier boards with respect to the TCP are shown. The paper proposes the RSSPA, in which its components with a high heat dissipation and the components directly connected with them are placed on the base of the RSSPA case mounted on the TCP via a thermally conductive pad, and all other components are placed on the side walls of the case. Its design is simpler and lighter. The proposed RSSPA is perspective for spacecraft onboard equipment including command and measurement systems.

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45

Sharma, Niranjan Prasad. "Validation of Satellite Estimated Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Data with Ground Based data in Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v11i1.14701.

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The main objective of this study is to validate the satellite estimated solar Ultraviolet radiation data with ground based data in Kathmandu (27.72 N, 85.32 E), located at an elevation of 1350m, from the sea level. The ground based measurement and the satellite estimation were performed by NILU-UV irradiance meter and EOS Aura OMI satellite respectively. The NILU-UV irradiance meter is a six channel 0 0 radiometer designed to measure hemispherical irradiances on a fat surface. Meanwhile the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board, the NASA EOS Aura space craft is a nadir viewing spectrometer that measures solar refected and back scattered light in ultraviolet and visible spectrum. The study is based on OMI and ground based (GB), Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) data. Considering these data the relative differences between predicted OMI and ground based Ultraviolet Index (UVI) assuming normal distribution ±1σ was found to be 24.8±13.7% in July. Further study showed that the ratio of predicted OMI, UVI to that determined from ground based measurement is 1.14. Also the relative difference in UVI in corrected condition in summer season was found to be 5.8%. The correlation between predicted UVI and ground based UVI was found to be signifcant. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2015, 11(1): 101-107

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46

Hawkes, Elliot W., Hao Jiang, and Mark R. Cutkosky. "Three-dimensional dynamic surface grasping with dry adhesion." International Journal of Robotics Research 35, no. 8 (June 29, 2015): 943–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364915584645.

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Most robotic grasping research focuses on objects that are either not large in comparison to the gripper or have small graspable features; however, there are important applications that involve large flat or gently curved surfaces. Examples include robots that grasp the solar panels of space craft, handle large panels in manufacturing, or climb or perch on surfaces. We present a solution for grasping such surfaces consisting of groups of tiles coated with a controllable gecko-inspired adhesive. The tiles are loaded with two sets of tendons: one for distributing the forces evenly while grasping and the other for release. The gripper is passive and can attach and detach with little effort so that it does not disturb either the robot or the object to be grasped. The maximum gripping force in the normal direction can be over 1000 times greater than the required detaching force. The gripper is also fast, allowing a flying quadrotor to attach to a surface milliseconds after the tiles make contact. We present a model of the gripping mechanism and use the model to design the layout of the tiles to best support anticipated normal and tangential loads.

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Lehrecke, August, Cody Tucker, Xiliu Yang, Piotr Baszynski, and Hanaa Dahy. "Tailored Lace: Moldless Fabrication of 3D Bio-Composite Structures through an Integrative Design and Fabrication Process." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 10989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210989.

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This research demonstrates an integrative computational design and fabrication workflow for the production of surface-active fibre composites, which uses natural fibres, revitalises a traditional craft, and avoids the use of costly molds. Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are highly tunable building materials, which gain efficiency from fabrication techniques enabling controlled fibre direction and placement in tune with load-bearing requirements. These techniques have evolved closely with industrial textile processes. However, increased focus on automation within FRP fabrication processes have overlooked potential key benefits presented by some lesser-known traditional techniques of fibre arrangement. This research explores the process of traditional bobbin lace-making and applies it in a computer-aided design and fabrication process of a small-scale structural demonstrator in the form of a chair. The research exposes qualities that can expand the design space of FRPs, as well as speculates about the potential automation of the process. In addition, Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (NFRP) are investigated as a sustainable and human-friendly alternative to more popular carbon and glass FRPs.

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48

Kohnen, William. "2007 MTS Overview of Manned Underwater Vehicle Activity." Marine Technology Society Journal 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533208786861236.

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There are approximately 100 active manned submersibles in operation around the world; in this overview we refer to all non-military manned underwater vehicles that are used for scientific, research, tourism, and commercial diving applications, as well as personal leisure craft. The Marine Technology Society committee on Manned Underwater Vehicles (MUV) maintains the only comprehensive database of active submersibles operating around the world and endeavors to continually bring together the international community of manned submersible operators, manufacturers and industry professionals. The database is maintained through contact with manufacturers, operators and owners through the Manned Submersible program held yearly at the Underwater Intervention conference.The most comprehensive and detailed overview of this industry is given during the UI conference, and this article cannot cover all developments within the allocated space; therefore our focus is on a compendium of activity provided from the most dynamic submersible builders, operators and research organizations that contribute to the industry and who share their latest information through the MTS committee. This article presents a short overview of submersible activity in 2007, including new submersible construction, operation and regulatory activity of research, tourism, commercial diving and recreational applications. The scope of this article is limited to active atmospheric submersibles, and does not include historical, ambient pressure, or laid-up submersibles, which would be an entire article on its own. For a complete overview that includes submersibles not covered in this article, readers are invited to peruse the MTS Manned Underwater Vehicle online database at the committee's website (www.mtsmuv.org).

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49

Bennett, James S., Brian E. Vyhnalek, Hamish Greenall, Elizabeth M. Bridge, Fernando Gotardo, Stefan Forstner, Glen I. Harris, Félix A. Miranda, and Warwick P. Bowen. "Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 5568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165568.

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Aerospace technologies are crucial for modern civilization; space-based infrastructure underpins weather forecasting, communications, terrestrial navigation and logistics, planetary observations, solar monitoring, and other indispensable capabilities. Extraplanetary exploration—including orbital surveys and (more recently) roving, flying, or submersible unmanned vehicles—is also a key scientific and technological frontier, believed by many to be paramount to the long-term survival and prosperity of humanity. All of these aerospace applications require reliable control of the craft and the ability to record high-precision measurements of physical quantities. Magnetometers deliver on both of these aspects and have been vital to the success of numerous missions. In this review paper, we provide an introduction to the relevant instruments and their applications. We consider past and present magnetometers, their proven aerospace applications, and emerging uses. We then look to the future, reviewing recent progress in magnetometer technology. We particularly focus on magnetometers that use optical readout, including atomic magnetometers, magnetometers based on quantum defects in diamond, and optomechanical magnetometers. These optical magnetometers offer a combination of field sensitivity, size, weight, and power consumption that allows them to reach performance regimes that are inaccessible with existing techniques. This promises to enable new applications in areas ranging from unmanned vehicles to navigation and exploration.

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Tsipenko, V. G. "On the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Vladimir Fedorovich Roshchin." Civil Aviation High Technologies 25, no. 5 (October 23, 2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2022-25-5-8-11.

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The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of a distinguished scholar, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Honored Master of Sciences and Engineering of the RSFSR, Laureate of the Lenin Prize – Vladimir Fedorovich Roshchin, who headed the Aerodynamics and Flight Dynamics Chair of the Moscow Institute of Civil Aviation Engineers (MICAE, the Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation at the present time) in the 70s. The certain biographical details about the researcher and his career highlights are given. The synergy of V.F. Roshchin as a student of the Moscow Aviation Institute with S.P. Korolev was of utmost significance. S.P. Korolev became not only a Director of Diploma for the graduate, but also a Mentor, a vivid personality who developed the area of expertise, influenced the evolvement of intellectual assets and the formation of a young professional, taught the proficiency of cooperation in a team of supporters. Thanks to his great abilities, Vladimir Fedorovich, among the best graduates of the Moscow Aviation Institute, was personally employed by S.P. Korolev, who headed EDB-1. Thus, he started his career in the innovative and developing branch of aerospace technology. Having climbed a career ladder from an engineer to a head of the research-engineering section, Vladimir Fedorovich was engaged in theoretical and experimental research of aerogasdynamic, thermophysical and ballistic problems of the head parts of rockets and launched space vehicles. The scientist achieved the National Awards for the launch operations of the first manned spacecraft "Vostok-1" with the cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin, the study of the shape and rotor recovery landing system of the Soyuz spacecraft and a series of other contributions. The article mentions the scientist’s engagement with the unique cooperative scientific projects, particularly with joint authors from the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky (TsAGI) to design an unconventional craft "Vertostat". This paper emphasizes the timespan of V.F. Roshchin, associated with work in MICAE (MSTUCA), his teaching, scientific, management activities. The personal qualities of the talented scientist such as bright individuality, broad education, phenomenal professional memory, undoubted erudition, valuable management skills, genuine commitment to science, independence of views, absolute honesty and integrity are noted. It is highlighted that V.F. Roshchin found his true vocation, fostered graduates and followers.

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