Дисертації з теми "Sovereignty challenge"
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1
Bartmann, John Barry. "Micro-states in the international system : the challenge of sovereignty." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2235/.
Анотація:
The last forty years have witnessed a proliferation of very small states, or micro-states with populations of approximately one million or less. Most of these states are developing economies but in recent years even the smallest European micro-states have won acceptance in the councils of the organised international system. This study is a comprehensive examination of the international relations of these states in three principal areas of concern: issues of status and legitimacy; the conduct of diplomacy and the efforts of micro-states to achieve strategies of self-reliant economic development. While the research has confirmed the vulnerabilities of micro-states in all three areas which have been stressed in the literature of the last decade, it also reveals surprising opportunities for some micro-states to ameliorate their weaknesses and to achieve a constructive engagements within the international system. The international milieu and the many support systems at both the regional and global level have actually reinforced the sovereignty of micro-states while providing them with added resources to exploit the opportunities which an increasingly integrated global economy offers. Unlike earlier studies in the field, this dissertation treats the experience of micro-states within the broad context of post-1945 history and thus provides an overall perspective for assessing the impact of very small size over 50 years. It also represents a departure from the existing literature in its determination to include both the developed micro-states in Europe and the more commonly studied micro-states in the developing world. Finally, much of the analysis compares the experiences of micro-states with those of forty larger small states in the next population class, an approach which has not been undertaken elsewhere. The impact of this comparison further confirms the general findings of the dissertation that the international system of the mid to late 1990s has evolved into a largely supportive milieu for micro-states in spite of the serious and occasionally dangerous problems which they continue to face.
2
Vlcek, William B. "Small states and the challenge of sovereignty : Commonwealth Caribbean offshore financial centers and tax competition." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/869/.
Анотація:
The dynamics of inter-state relations and state sovereignty have been disturbed by late-20th century globalisation. Yet the literature on the international system, globalisation and international political economy gives scant attention to the most vulnerable sovereign entities, the small and micro states. One significant exception has been the Commonwealth, with its many small state members. Another is the area of financial crime, and the role of the offshore financial centre (OFC) within global finance. This thesis analyses the efforts of several small Commonwealth states from the Caribbean to maintain their OFCs in the face of an OECD-directed campaign against tax competition. It demonstrates both the contribution made to economic development by an OFC and the successful assertion of sovereignty achieved by these small states. The case study focuses on Caribbean OFCs and the OECD campaign against harmful tax competition during 1998 - 2003. First, the argument that tax competition is a global problem is deconstructed. Three main points from the small states’ response to the OECD position are explored, along with the OECD’s rebuttal. Because the small states are individually at a disadvantage, the thesis provides an exposition of the collective response facilitated by the Commonwealth. The OFC is justified by its material contribution to the small state economy. Specific contributions made to the economies of the Bahamas, Dominica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and the Cayman Islands are demonstrated. The pivotal impact of U.S. policy on the OECD project and on Caribbean OFCs is explored. Yet while one effect was a decline in the number of registered offshore firms, the quantity of capital transiting the Caribbean increased. This study of small states and offshore finance re-affirms the continued relevance of the sovereign state as an actor in international society, but also illustrates the importance of issue-area and geographical context.
3
Sayeed, Sanjidaa. "Urbanization, Food Security and Sustainable Development: A Challenge for Bangladesh." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227478.
Анотація:
The thesis aimed to investigate the current situation of food security and initiatives by main actors in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with urban poor in focus. A qualitative study with the actors of food security and the urban poor is the basis of this research’s result complementing with previous studies on this topic. Income of the urban poor in Bangladesh is very low compare to the food price which is one of the main reasons why urban poor are not food secure in Dhaka city. There are many organizations working on income generating approaches in urban Dhaka but the work is too small to have an impact on the current situation of food security. Lack of social safety net is another reason identified for food insecurity in urban Dhaka. The government is provided low priced rice and wheat to the urban poor yet again this only covers 1 percent of the urban slums. Due to lack of resource sustainable development is not included in in the process of ensuring food security in urban Dhaka.
4
Rainie, Stephanie Carroll, Jennifer Lee Schultz, Eileen Briggs, Patricia Riggs, and Nancy Lynn Palmanteer-Holder. "Data as a Strategic Resource: Self-determination, Governance, and the Data Challenge for Indigenous Nations in the United States." UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624737.
Анотація:
Data about Indigenous populations in the United States are inconsistent and irrelevant. Federal and state governments and researchers direct most collection, analysis, and use of data about U.S. Indigenous populations. Indigenous Peoples' justified mistrust further complicates the collection and use of these data. Nonetheless, tribal leaders and communities depend on these data to inform decision making. Reliance on data that do not reflect tribal needs, priorities, and self-conceptions threatens tribal self-determination. Tribal data sovereignty through governance of data on Indigenous populations is long overdue. This article provides two case studies of the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe and their demographic and socioeconomic data initiatives to create locally and culturally relevant data for decision making.
5
Arena, Marc David. "Shared sovereignty dealing with modern challenges to the sovereign state system /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/456420343/viewonline.
6
Ehrari, Abdoul Fattah. "Le processus de privatisation dans un Etat en voie d’institutionnalisation (Afghanistan) au regard de l’exercice de sa souveraineté." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAC043.
Анотація:
À la fin 2001, grâce au soutien des pays occidentaux, l’Afghanistan a connu un grand changement politique, économique et social.Sur le plan économique, une nouvelle orientation économique est apparue. Elle comporte deux volets : le changement du modèle économique et la façon dont ce changement est mis en oeuvre. Le modèle de l’économie de marché est constitutionnalisé. Le secteur privé est identifié comme un moteur du développement économique. En outre, une politique de réforme est mise en œuvre pour permettre la privatisation d’un certain nombre d’entreprises publiques, y compris DABM, produisant de l’électricité, et la cimenterie Ghori / Karkar.Ce sont les deux études de cas de la thèse. Selon le New Public Management (NPM), le passage au premier plan du caractère financier n’est ni considéré comme une rupture dans la logique de la poursuite des missions, ni comme une rupture dans la logique de la délégation de souveraineté aux organisations privées. Il sera nécessaire de comprendre si ces deux logiques sont respectées dans cet État en cours d’institutionnalisation, et d’analyser les nouvelles politiques publiques dans une perspective d’importation des pratiques du NPM dans un État désinstitutionnalisé. Cette recherche tentera de répondre à ces questionsAt the end of 2001, thanks to the support of Western countries, Afghanistan has undergone great political, economic and social change.On the economic front, a new economic direction has emerged. It has two components: the change in the economic model and how this change is implemented. The market economy model is constitutionalized. The private sector is identified as a driving force of the economic development. In addition, a reform policy is implemented to allow the privatization of a number of public companies, including DABM, producing electricity, and the Ghori/Karkar cement plant. These are the two case studies of the thesis. According to the New Public Management (NPM), the move to the forefront of the financial character is neither seen as a break in the logic of the pursuit of missions, nor as a break in the logic of the delegation of sovereignty to private organizations. It will be necessary to understand whether these two logics are respected in this State in the process of institutionalization, and to analyze the new public policies in a perspective of importing the practices of the NPM in a deinstitutionalized State. This research will attempt to answer these questions
7
Burke, Emily A. "Historical roots of terrorism and challenges to Turkey�s territorial sovereignty." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43883.
Анотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis examines the historical roots and significance ofTurkey‘s decades-long struggle with terrorism. It argues that current perceptions of terrorism inTurkey are due to historical challenges to the country‘s territorial sovereignty. These challenges are rooted in the aborted Treaty of Sèvres at the end of World War I. Framed as a historical survey, this thesis concludes that terrorism inTurkey has been perceived as a threat to the territorial integrity of the state due to the legacy of territorial loss during the end of the Ottoman Empire and the nationalist separatist movements during the early Republican period. Although significantly different from early separatist movements, the threats posed by the Kurdistan Workers‘ Party (PKK) and the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) have been interpreted as an outgrowth of the irredentism and imperialism embedded in the Treaty of Sèvres. AsTurkey encounters new threats from religiously-motivated terrorism, policymakers continue to view separatist terror as the foremost threat and a continuation of this historical trend.
8
Nicholas, Donna. "Hannah Arendt and the political : the contemporary challenges posed by sovereignty, nationalism and imperialism." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7855.
Анотація:
This thesis seeks to show how the reassessment of Arendt's thought for contemporary international political theory must be grounded in her first major published work, The Origins of Totalitarianism, and, more specifically, in the concept of the political she outlines therein. The thesis begins by examining how Arendt interprets the political sui generis. It shows how this concept, which influences much of her scholarship from the 1950s onwards and serves as a critical measure against which she assesses modern-day events, is disclosed for the first time in Part II of Origins through her engagement with particular topics and phenomena related to European colonial imperialism. Using this somewhat neglected text as a point of departure, the main body of the thesis examines Arendt's thoughts on three ‘anti-political' impulses of the contemporary world that have clear international ramifications: sovereignty, nationalism and imperialism. The work is divided into three corresponding sections. Each contains a chapter providing an interpretive study of Arendt's text on the subject, followed by a chapter applying the key themes, insights and dangers previously highlighted to some of the most intractable global situations today such as the international human rights regime, atomic weaponry and war, biopolitical control, genocide studies and neoliberal globalisation. In so doing, the thesis does not aim to ‘find' in Arendt's work determinate answers to the crises of our time, but rather to use her perceptions as critical inspiration to think about them differently.
9
Igba, Samuel. "Exploring the Challenges of Structural Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Case Study of Peacebuilding in Post-Civil War Somalia 2013 to 2018." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72460.
Анотація:
There is a growing consensus in the discipline of International Relations that the sovereign nation state, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, is a myth because of the several nations that can be found within one sovereign entity, made so by the Berlin conference of 1885 that partitioned Africa. Regardless of this consensus, international peacebuilding theory and practice is biased towards maintaining these sovereign arrangements that were created during the colonial periods by European colonizers. This bias is caused by several epistemic colonialities nested within a wider colonial matrix of power. Peacebuilding in Somalia presents an example of how these biases affect peace in a multiethnic, multiclan, and diverse society.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Political Sciences
MA (Diplomatic Studies)
Unrestricted
10
Connolly, David. "Responsible sovereignty and internally displaced persons : challenges for political and humanitarian responses in Aceh and North Sumatra." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9869/.
11
Shortell, Christopher. "Rights without a remedy : state sovereign immunity and the challenges of democratic accountability /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3130200.
12
Krogstad, Erlend Grøner. "Enduring challenges of statebuilding : British-led police reforms in Sierra Leone, 1945-1961 and 1998-2007." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c03fb7a0-4725-4142-864e-f9ff24578851.
Анотація:
This study analyzes two British-led police reforms in Sierra Leone from 1945-1961 and 1998-2007, exploring how reinterpretations of sovereignty, security and statehood affected strategies of statebuilding over time. Tracing the effects of reform from the first to the second period, it focuses on three practical questions facing reformers: what kind of coercive capacity the police should be invested with (force); where they should be and for what purposes (territoriality); and in what relation they ought to stand with nonstate policing actors (legitimate authority). A key finding is that reinterpretations of security and sovereignty to center on internal threats and state-society relations served to channel more international attention and resources to police forces in weak states. From a relatively restricted field whose impulses came from policing experiences in other colonies and in Britain, recent post-conflict police reforms were informed by knowledge about economic growth, social mobility and global security. However, strategy was muddled when donors committed to conflicting agendas entered the fray. As a result, the latest reform was profoundly shaped by negotiations of the meaning of key concepts like ‘security’. The second part of the study draws on insights about reform to address debates on intervention and sovereignty. Against the image of Western-led interventions suspending local sovereignty, it is argued that the colonial legacy allowed the Sierra Leonean government to prolong and deepen the recent intervention. Contrary to the image of Sierra Leone’s international relations as exploitative and personalized, the study explores how policing became a field where new and legitimate links with the outside world were established after reform.
13
Solaz, Picher Lluís. "Is there an alternative to the austerity policies in the Eurozone? : Analysis of the legitimacy and sovereignty challenges in the Euro Governance after the 2008 crisis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134140.
Анотація:
The European Union, and especially the Eurozone, has experienced a period of political and economic difficulties after the Financial Crisis of 2008, and Debt Crisis of 2010. Austerity measures have been presented by the EMU’s elite as the only possible way to end the actual crisis, however many of the policies produced non-desirable side effects. However, the negative economic outcome in countries like Greece or Ireland questioned the vision of the status quo in the EU. These complications produced a questioning of the ideological assumptions behind the creation of the Euro due to the social and economic problematics that the crisis provoked. Moreover, some of the outcome of the subsequent policies of austerity produced political and social unrest, with a deep economic consequence for some Euro members. Besides, the rise of “Eurosceptic” parties all over Europe shows a deep mistrust from the population on the actual management to the crisis, some of the issues rise to critique present the opposition to the actual policies claiming against the lack of democracy on the decision making process.
14
Popescu, Alexandra. "Risk and Macroeconomic Policy Challenges : Recent Evidence from the Eurozone." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE0506/document.
Анотація:
La conduite des politiques économiques a été mise en question après le déclenchement de la crise financière en 2007. Cette thèse analyse les faiblesses identifiées dans la réglementation existante avant la crise et propose des pistes d’amélioration. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’existence du canal de la prise de risque en zone euro. Parle biais des mesures de causalité de long terme, nous démontrons que la politique monétaire a une influence sur le niveau de risque financier. Un autre constat tiré de cette analyse concerne l’absence des mesures de risque systémique.Par conséquent, le deuxième chapitre étudie les mesures proposées après la crise pour les institutions financières et les applique aux États membres de la zone euro. A l’aide de ces mesures, les autorités pourront imposer des règles plus strictes aux pays les plus risqués d’un point de vue systémique. Le chapitre trois envisage une première solution visant à atténuer l’effet des décisions monétaires sur le risque. Nous étudions, à travers un modèle DSGE, l’impact de la stratégie de “leaning against the wind” sur les cycles économiques et financiers. Les résultats montrent qu’unetelle approche n’est pas suffisante pour stabiliser l’économie et que des arbitrages entre objectifs apparaissent. Pour cette raison, le dernier chapitre porte plus en détail sur les arbitrages entre objectifs, et propose, comme une deuxième solution, l’intégration des mesures macroprudentielles dans l’analyse. En utilisant un modèle Néo-Keynésien sous forme réduite, nous trouvons que les fonds propres contracycliques aident à réduire la volatilité des cycles, mais que les trade-offs demeurent en cas de chocs financiers. Le rôle de la banque centrale dans le maintien de la stabilité financière s’avère aussi important, puisque l’utilisation du leaning against the wind semble améliorer la volatilité des cyclesThe conduct of economic policy has been called into question after the outbreak of the financial crisis in2007. This thesis analyzes the flaws identified in the regulation enforced before the crisis and offers suggestionsfor improvement. The first chapter focuses on the existence of the risk-taking channel in the Eurozone. Throughmeasures of long-term causality, we demonstrate that monetary policy influences the level of financial risk. Anotherconclusion drawn from this analysis is the absence of systemic risk measures. Therefore, the second chapter analyzesthe measures proposed after the crisis for financial institutions and applies them to members of the Eurozone. Basedon these measures, authorities may impose stricter rules on countries that prove to be systemically risky. Chapterthree considers a first solution to mitigate the effect of monetary policy decisions on risk. We study, through a DSGEmodel, the impact of the "leaning against the wind" strategy on economic and financial cycles. The results show thatthis approach is not sufficient to stabilize the economy and that it gives rise to trade-offs between objectives. For thisreason, the last chapter examines in more detail the trade-offs between objectives, and proposes as second solution,the integration of macroprudential measures in the analysis. Using a reduced form New-Keynesian model, we find thatcountercyclical capital helps to reduce the volatility of cycles, but trade-offs appear in case of financial shocks. Therole of the central bank in maintaining financial stability seems also important, as the use of leaning against the windimproves cycles’ volatility
15
Popescu, Alexandra. "Risk and Macroeconomic Policy Challenges : Recent Evidence from the Eurozone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE0506.
Анотація:
La conduite des politiques économiques a été mise en question après le déclenchement de la crise financière en 2007. Cette thèse analyse les faiblesses identifiées dans la réglementation existante avant la crise et propose des pistes d’amélioration. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’existence du canal de la prise de risque en zone euro. Parle biais des mesures de causalité de long terme, nous démontrons que la politique monétaire a une influence sur le niveau de risque financier. Un autre constat tiré de cette analyse concerne l’absence des mesures de risque systémique.Par conséquent, le deuxième chapitre étudie les mesures proposées après la crise pour les institutions financières et les applique aux États membres de la zone euro. A l’aide de ces mesures, les autorités pourront imposer des règles plus strictes aux pays les plus risqués d’un point de vue systémique. Le chapitre trois envisage une première solution visant à atténuer l’effet des décisions monétaires sur le risque. Nous étudions, à travers un modèle DSGE, l’impact de la stratégie de “leaning against the wind” sur les cycles économiques et financiers. Les résultats montrent qu’unetelle approche n’est pas suffisante pour stabiliser l’économie et que des arbitrages entre objectifs apparaissent. Pour cette raison, le dernier chapitre porte plus en détail sur les arbitrages entre objectifs, et propose, comme une deuxième solution, l’intégration des mesures macroprudentielles dans l’analyse. En utilisant un modèle Néo-Keynésien sous forme réduite, nous trouvons que les fonds propres contracycliques aident à réduire la volatilité des cycles, mais que les trade-offs demeurent en cas de chocs financiers. Le rôle de la banque centrale dans le maintien de la stabilité financière s’avère aussi important, puisque l’utilisation du leaning against the wind semble améliorer la volatilité des cyclesThe conduct of economic policy has been called into question after the outbreak of the financial crisis in2007. This thesis analyzes the flaws identified in the regulation enforced before the crisis and offers suggestionsfor improvement. The first chapter focuses on the existence of the risk-taking channel in the Eurozone. Throughmeasures of long-term causality, we demonstrate that monetary policy influences the level of financial risk. Anotherconclusion drawn from this analysis is the absence of systemic risk measures. Therefore, the second chapter analyzesthe measures proposed after the crisis for financial institutions and applies them to members of the Eurozone. Basedon these measures, authorities may impose stricter rules on countries that prove to be systemically risky. Chapterthree considers a first solution to mitigate the effect of monetary policy decisions on risk. We study, through a DSGEmodel, the impact of the "leaning against the wind" strategy on economic and financial cycles. The results show thatthis approach is not sufficient to stabilize the economy and that it gives rise to trade-offs between objectives. For thisreason, the last chapter examines in more detail the trade-offs between objectives, and proposes as second solution,the integration of macroprudential measures in the analysis. Using a reduced form New-Keynesian model, we find thatcountercyclical capital helps to reduce the volatility of cycles, but trade-offs appear in case of financial shocks. Therole of the central bank in maintaining financial stability seems also important, as the use of leaning against the windimproves cycles’ volatility
16
Larsson, Oscar. "The Governmentality of Meta-governance : Identifying Theoretical and Empirical Challenges of Network Governance in the Political Field of Security and Beyond." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259746.
Анотація:
Meta-governance recently emerged in the field of governance as a new approach which claims that its use enables modern states to overcome problems associated with network governance. This thesis shares the view that networks are an important feature of contemporary politics which must be taken seriously, but it also maintains that networks pose substantial analytical and political challenges. It proceeds to investigate the potential possibilities and problems associated with meta-governance on both theoretical and empirical levels. The theoretical discussion examines meta-governance in relation to governmentality, and it puts forward the claim that meta-governance may be understood as a specific type of neo-liberal governmentality. The meta-governance perspective regards networks as a complementary structure to traditional administration that can be utilized in the implementation and realization of public policy, but which also preserves the self-regulating and flexible character of networks. This generates a contradiction between the goals of public management and the character of networks that requires further investigation. The combination of the specific dynamics of the political field of security, the diminishing role of sovereign powers, the emergence of security networks, and the meta-governance stance adopted by the Swedish state constitutes a situation that should have been favorable for the successful employment of meta-governance. The empirical investigation of meta-governance is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the historical process involved and shows how the Swedish government and public authorities have adopted a meta-governance stance. The second analyzes the specific instruments and strategies that have been deployed in the governance of security communications and in the management of Sweden’s new security communications system which is an important aspect of security networks. The historical study together with the analysis of the meta-governance tools deployed reveals that the meta-governors neither reached the goals specified, nor fulfilled the overall purpose of successful security communications. I argue on the basis of the theoretical and empirical findings obtained in the present study that it is very difficult to successfully employ meta-governance in respect to security and crisis management, and that we have sound reasons to suspect that meta-governance will run into similar difficulties in other political fields as well. I conclude that meta-governance is a far more difficult practice than has been anticipated by existing theories and policy recommendations. Turning to meta-governance as a way to govern and control organizations may in fact lead to further fragmentation and distortion of public politics.
17
Migazzi, Caroline. "Le droit international face aux défis énergétiques contemporains." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3017.
Анотація:
Les défis énergétiques contemporains sont multidimensionnels, car ils sont à la fois économiques, sociaux et environnementaux. Ils sont également mondiaux, connexes et transversaux. Ils sont néanmoins saisis dans leur globalité par le droit international, même si celui-ci manifeste des insuffisances dans son approche. Celles-ci tiennent à l’appréhension imparfaite, d’une part, de la dimension stratégique des enjeux, intimement liés au principe de souveraineté, et, d’autre part, des risques environnementaux et humains. Pour autant, ces insuffisances n’enlèvent en rien la capacité du droit international à s’adapter à ces défis. Son adaptation est amorcée avec la prise en compte de leur caractère transversal et de la solidarité qui en découle. Elle est également consolidée par l’émergence d’une finalité nouvelle et inclusive, l’accès universel à l’énergie durable, et par la recherche d’une démocratie énergétique. Le droit international porte donc en lui tous les outils propres à lui permettre, non seulement d’accompagner la transition énergétique, mais aussi de la dynamiserCurrent energy challenges are multidimentional in nature as they blend together the economic, social, and environmental fields. They are also global, interconnected and transversal. Energy challenges are apprehended globally by international law, despite some shortcomings. Those shortcomings stem from the strategic nature of energy challenges and their simultaneous dependance on sovereignty. They also come to light in the context of environmental risks and risks of harm to humans. Yet, those shortcomings do not deprive international law of its capacity to adapt to energy challenges. It shows adaptation by taking into account their transversal character and the correlated necessity for solidarity. The inclusive and new finality of pursuing universal access to sustainable energy and the efforts shown toward energy democracy yet reinforce this adaptability. Thus, international law exibits all the tools necessary to help, and also be an engine for the energy transition
18
Migazzi, Caroline. "Le droit international face aux défis énergétiques contemporains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3017.
Анотація:
Les défis énergétiques contemporains sont multidimensionnels, car ils sont à la fois économiques, sociaux et environnementaux. Ils sont également mondiaux, connexes et transversaux. Ils sont néanmoins saisis dans leur globalité par le droit international, même si celui-ci manifeste des insuffisances dans son approche. Celles-ci tiennent à l’appréhension imparfaite, d’une part, de la dimension stratégique des enjeux, intimement liés au principe de souveraineté, et, d’autre part, des risques environnementaux et humains. Pour autant, ces insuffisances n’enlèvent en rien la capacité du droit international à s’adapter à ces défis. Son adaptation est amorcée avec la prise en compte de leur caractère transversal et de la solidarité qui en découle. Elle est également consolidée par l’émergence d’une finalité nouvelle et inclusive, l’accès universel à l’énergie durable, et par la recherche d’une démocratie énergétique. Le droit international porte donc en lui tous les outils propres à lui permettre, non seulement d’accompagner la transition énergétique, mais aussi de la dynamiserCurrent energy challenges are multidimentional in nature as they blend together the economic, social, and environmental fields. They are also global, interconnected and transversal. Energy challenges are apprehended globally by international law, despite some shortcomings. Those shortcomings stem from the strategic nature of energy challenges and their simultaneous dependance on sovereignty. They also come to light in the context of environmental risks and risks of harm to humans. Yet, those shortcomings do not deprive international law of its capacity to adapt to energy challenges. It shows adaptation by taking into account their transversal character and the correlated necessity for solidarity. The inclusive and new finality of pursuing universal access to sustainable energy and the efforts shown toward energy democracy yet reinforce this adaptability. Thus, international law exibits all the tools necessary to help, and also be an engine for the energy transition
19
Hostert, Marc. "Stratégie d’internationalisation d’une Petite Economie Mature Ouverte (PEMO) : le cas du Luxembourg : déterminants, défis et leviers." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0905/document.
Анотація:
L’attractivité des territoires vis-à-vis des investissements directs étrangers constitue, avec l’ouverture accrue des espaces économiques et politiques, un élément clé de l’intensification des flux d’échanges et d’investissements.Pour tous les pays et, plus particulièrement, pour ceux ne disposant pas d’un marché national important, l’établissement d’un diagnostic d’attractivité et la détermination d’axes prioritaires de développement constituent une démarche fondamentale applicable particulièrement à l’exemple du Luxembourg, une économie considérée comme une petite économie mature ouverte (PEMO).A travers cette recherche, on s’attachera à appliquer et à adapter un modèle d’analyse des fondements de l’attractivité, puis un modèle de détermination des orientations économiques et institutionnelles à privilégier.Cette recherche conduit à définir une démarche prospective structurée, appliquée à la PEMO considérée :- en partant de l’établissement d’une liste de déterminants de compétitivité et d’attractivité ayant potentiellement trait à une PEMO en général, validée ensuite pour le cas concret du Luxembourg par un panel de décideurs ;- en permettant l’établissement d’un diagnostic d’attractivité portant sur la situation actuelle de la PEMO considérée ;- pour déboucher sur la détermination d’activités prioritaires et de profilsd’investisseurs directs étrangers à privilégier, dans un « espace de référence » géo - sectoriel reconsidéré.Cette recherche devrait permettre d’identifier les secteurs d’investissement les plus attractifs pour les entreprises étrangères dans une PEMO comme le LuxembourgTogether with increased economic and political openness, a location’s or territory’s attractiveness and competitiveness for foreign direct investment (FDI) are key elements for intensifying investment and trade flows.For countries, especially those without a national market of significant scale, establishing a way to identify and analyse priorities for economic development is fundamental.This research defines a general analytical framework applicable to the concepts of attractiveness and competitiveness, and, building on this framework, develops a specific model that could assist key institutions as to identify their preferred orientations in the specific context of an economy considered as a small open mature economy (SOME), in particular, Luxembourg.This research will lead to the definition of a prospective structured approach by:- providing a list of factors which potentially influence the competitiveness and attractiveness of SOMEs; this list having been validated with respect to Luxembourgby national decision makers;- establishing a method for analysing the current situation regarding attractiveness and competitiveness in Luxembourg; and- identifying priority sectors for FDI that could be targeted in a specific location/territory of reference such as Luxembourg
20
Fleming, Paul Daniel Richard. "Parliamentary sovereignty and the challenge of European community law in the United Kingdom." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2913.
Анотація:
The omnipotence of Parliament is one of the cardinal features of the British Constitution.
It has traditionally been believed to consist of the dual propositions that there is no subject on
which the Queen-in-Parliament may not legislate and, that no Parliament may bind a successor.
Despite periodical challenges, the doctrine had crystallized into orthodoxy by the 19th century.
Inasmuch as anything in British constitutional law is definite, the existence of the doctrine of
parliamentary sovereignty seems secure. However, this apparent security masks a vigorous
debate among commentators over what the doctrine actually means today. The debate has been
fuelled by the implications arising out of Britain’s accession to the European Community (EC),
which views its own legal order as overriding any conflicting laws of its constituent member
states. Some two centuries after becoming established as orthodoxy, the doctrine of
parliamentary sovereignty is now facing its greatest test. The current legal situation created by
Britain’s membership in the EC poses the greatest threat to the doctrine’s theoretical usefulness
in explaining the British constitution as it actually operates today. It is argued that the present
doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, in light of the EC, means no more than that the United
Kingdom retains the right of total withdrawal from the EC and that this right is vested in the
Queen-in-Parliament as a result of Britain’s constitutional history. The traditional notion of
parliamentary sovereignty, which encompassed far more than a simple equivalence of
parliamentary and national sovereignty, has been overtaken by new political and legal facts.
21
MURKENS, Jo Eric Khushal. "Contested constitutional concepts : state, constitution, sovereignty in Germany and the United Kingdom, and the European challenge." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4721.
Анотація:
Defence date: 24 September 2005Examining board: Prof. Neil Walker, European University Institute (supervisor) ; Prof. Bruno De Witte, European University Institute ; Prof. Carol Harlow, London School of Economics and Political Science ; Prof. Stefan Oeter, University of Hamburg
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
22
Szuma, Gabriel. "The Challenge of Modern Maritime Piracy for International Community." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339901.
Анотація:
Piracy is one of the oldest known illegal activities, and its very existence endangers the international arena due to its lawless nature and ruthless methods. Todays' piracy, particularly prominent in Africa and Asia, has contemporary political and social implications, and is viewed as a new threat to international order. The aim of this thesis is to present piracy as both local and regional issues, and an international problem, and to observe how these two separate perspectives come together. It analyses how modern-day piracy operates, where it thrives, and what are its geopolitical impacts. It also provides a valuable addition to current views on the state of global affairs and geopolitics; by examining international legislative and interventions created to tackle piracy, and by showing that their effectiveness is insufficient. The text argues that the role of states, their sovereignty, and their lack of it are closely connected to piracy, and that the international arena, and contemporary efforts of nations and international organisations to confront piracy are mainly driven by power struggles. It is concluded that piracy is a result of continuous global tensions, thus allowing this crime to exist and expand. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
23
Byers, Michael. "On thinning ice: Challenges to Canadian sovereignty in the Northwest Passage [audiorecording]." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12863.
Анотація:
Item consists of a digitized copy of an audio recording of a Vancouver Institute lecture given by Michael Byers on January 28, 2006. Original audio recording available in the University Archives (UBC AT 3208).