Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Southeast Asia.
Дисертації з теми "Southeast Asia"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Southeast Asia".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Kamthornkittikul, Napol. "Southeast Asia Equity ETFs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104525.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-48).<br>Southeast Asia countries are forming the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), one of the largest markets in the world with an over $2 trillion economy and population of over 600 million. This represents great opportunities not only for ASEAN citizens but also for foreigners to benefit from the combined economy. As a student from Thailand with strong interest in equity investment, I am interested in exploring equity investment opportunities in the region. I particular I want to look at Southeast Asia Equity ETFs as I believe that ETFs will play an important role in allowing investors to benefit from an exposure to the region's economy. In this thesis, I developed key investment highlights of Southeast Asia. I then explained why ETFs are an attractive tool for investors based on their special characteristics that distinguish them from typical mutual funds. Next, I explored and analyzed currently available Southeast Asia regional-focused ETFs. Finally, I developed several key considerations for new entrants who might consider getting into the market in offering Southeast Asia Equity ETFs.<br>by Napol Kamthornkittikul.<br>S.M. in Management Studies
2
Tiffin, Sarah Perry. "Power, progress and the course of Empire : British ruin sentiment in Southeast Asia in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18733.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
3
Ahmad, Dzulkarnain. "ASEAN+3 : the institutionalization of Asian values." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FAhmad.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Robert M. McNab, Gaye Christoffersen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-78). Also available online.
4
Masilamani, Loganathan 1965. "Regionalism in Southeast Asia : the evolution of the association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)." Monash University, Dept. of Politics, 1998. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8668.
Повний текст джерела
5
Hogan, Mary Vivianne. "The development and role of ASEAN as a regional association." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B16043017.
Повний текст джерела
6
Nugroho, M. Santoso E. "ASEAN and security in Southeast Asia." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA294762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S. in International Resource Planning and Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Edward A. Olsen. "December 1994." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
7
Engvall, Anders. "Poverty and conflict in Southeast Asia." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This is a collection of papers on three Southeast Asian countries, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Thailand. All four studies rely on household survey data for analyzing topics related to poverty and conflicts. Trust and Conflict in Southern ThailandThe insurgency in Thailand’s southern border provinces has caused thousands of casualties since 2004. This paper investigates the impact of mistrust of the government on the violent conflict. I analyze how failure to address local grievances has led to a breakdown of trust and created conditions for an insurgency. Empirical tests are carried out using a survey of individual trust in government institutions conducted at the beginning of violent conflict. It is shown that sub-districts where the population displayed lower levels of pre-conflict trust experienced higher levels of lethal violence during the conflict. Factors influencing trust in government institutions are analyzed using ordinal logistic analysis. Economic and ethno-linguistic factors are identified as the main determinants of trust towards the government. Political polarization in ThailandThe article traces recent political polarization to earlier institutional reforms opening up the political system to increased electoral competition. The increased influence of the rural majority led new political entrepreneurs to introduce welfare policies. The new polices were opposed by urban tax payers, setting off a process of policy driven polarization that drew on underlying cleavages in Thai society. Empirical tests based on voting patterns in the most recent general election using a seemingly unrelated regression model provide support for the hypothesis of policy driven political polarization. The analysis highlights the vulnerability to increased polarization after introduction of institutional reforms that alter the balance of power between different parts of the electorate. Ethnic Minority Poverty in Lao PDREthnic minorities have a significantly higher poverty incidence than the majority in Lao PDR. Based on survey data the determinants of minority poverty are analyzed, the sources of inequality decomposed, and the expected impact of polices to address minority poverty estimated. When economic factors are controlled for, ethnicity does not have any significant effect on poverty. Decomposition shows that unequal access to resources and demographic variables largely explain the majority-minority poverty gap. Rural Poverty in CambodiaCambodia has been growing rapidly over the past few years, but remains one of the poorest countries in East Asia. This paper analyzes rural poverty in Cambodia to identify the factors that explain its occurrence and persistence. The reduction of rural poverty in Cambodia requires (1) improvements in agricultural productivity and (2) the establishment of other income earning opportunities for the rural population. An econometric analysis of the Cambodian Socio-Economic Survey shows that the main causes of poverty differ between landowners and the landless, and between different regions.
8
Chan, Hon-ki, and 陳翰奇. "Phylogeography and cryptic diversity of occidozyga lima (gravenhorst 1829)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50605835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The anuran fauna has been found to harbor substantial cryptic diversity, and chronic, low-level population declines in evolutionarily significant units can be masked by a lack of resolution on this diversity. Numerous species previously believed to be common and widespread have been found to represent cryptic species complexes consisting of distinct genetic lineages with restricted ranges. Most research on cryptic diversity has focused on high elevation areas because they usually harbor higher diversity and levels of endemism; thus cryptic diversity from lowland areas remains poorly understood. This study investigated the population divergence of the pearly-skinned floating frog (Occidozyga lima), a lowland wetland species broadly distributed throughout Southeast Asia and considered common throughout its range. I analyzed six DNA regions (Histone H3, Tyrosinase exon-1, 28S, 16S, ND1 and 12S; a total of 4,650 base pairs) to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among populations. Morphometric analyses were conducted to test for morphological differentiation. Both genetic and morphological data revealed substantial lineage divergence in O. lima. I found that sympatric lineages are not sister lineages, a common feature of cryptic species complexes. The current status of O. lima as a single species should be rejected. Three candidate species were delineated based on 5% mitochondrial 16S genetic divergence. The name O. lima should be restricted to populations in the type locality, Java, Indonesia (candidate species I), and two new species should be assigned to populations from South China to Northern Indochina (candidate species II) and Southern Indochina to Myanmar (candidate species III). Resolving the widely-distributed species complex into three valid species requires reassessment of the IUCN conservation status. Given observed population declines in South China and Indonesia, the new species are likely to belong to a higher threat category.
Species considered to be common and widespread are under-represented in current conservation planning because conservation priority has been biased toward rare and range-restricted species. Increasing evidence suggests that species whose populations are considered stable are declining at rates exceeding those of rare species. Using habitat availability as a proxy for their occurrence, it appears that the three clades are threatened to varying degrees because of habitat loss. Populations from South China and Indonesia are the most threatened due to massive development of lowland habitats. In addition, conversion of wet agriculture to permanent dry crops and the predicted increases in persistent droughts pose threats to amphibian populations in lowland habitats. The extirpated O. lima populations should be restored in Hong Kong by means of reintroduction. A study of the reproductive ecology of O. lima followed by experimental reintroduction is necessary to restore populations and may serve as a model for public education about amphibian conservation. Given the rapid decline of this species in South China, a reintroduction plan and resources to initiate a reintroduction are urgently needed.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Biological Sciences<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
9
楊振鴻 and Chun-hung Yeung. "Business network of overseas Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268420.
Повний текст джерела
10
Catsis, Nicolaos Dimitrios. "Examining the Impact of Colonial Administrations on Post-Independence State Behavior in Southeast Asia." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/257213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Political Science<br>Ph.D.<br>This project is concerned with examining the impact of colonial administrations on post-independence state behavior in Southeast Asia. Despite a similar historical context, the region exhibits broad variation in terms of policy preferences after independence. Past literature has focused, largely, upon pre-colonial or independence era factors. This project, however, proposes that state behavior is heavily determined by a combination of three colonial variables: indigenous elite mobility, colonial income diversity, and institutional-infrastructure levels. It also constructs a four-category typology for the purposes of ordering the broad variation we see across post-colonial Southeast Asia. Utilizing heavy archival research and historical analysis, I examine three case studies in the region, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, that share a common colonial heritage yet exhibit markedly different post-independence preferences. Vietnam's colonial legacy is characterized by high indigenous elite mobility, medium colonial income diversity, and medium-high levels of institutional-infrastructure. This creates a state where the local elites are capable and socially mobile, but lack the fully developed skill sets, institutions and infrastructure we see in a Developmental state such as South Korea or Taiwan. As a result, Vietnam is a Power-Projection state, where elites pursue security oriented projects as a means of compensating for inequalities between their own social mobility and acquired skills, institutions and infrastructure. In Cambodia, indigenous elite mobility and colonial income diversity are both low, creating an entrenched, less experienced elite. Medium levels of institutional-infrastructure enables the elite to extract wealth for class benefit. As a result, the state becomes an instrument for elite enrichment and is thus classified as Self-Enrichment state. Laos' colonial history is characterized by low levels of indigenous elite mobility, colonial income diversity, and institutional-infrastructure levels. Laos' elite are deeply entrenched, like their counterparts in Cambodia. However, unlike Cambodia, Laos lacks sufficient institutional-infrastructure levels to make wealth extraction worthwhile for an elite class. Laos' inability to execute an internal policy course, or even enrich narrow social class, categorize it as a Null state. The theory and typology presented in this project have broad applications to Southeast Asia and the post-colonial world more generally. It suggests that the colonial period, counter to more recent literature, has a much greater impact on states after independence. As most of the world is a post-colonial state, understanding the mechanisms for preferences in these states is very important.<br>Temple University--Theses
11
Hill, Catherine E. "Mitochondrial DNA variation in Island Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2005. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/22331/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is known that Island Southeast Asia was colonised relatively early in the history of modem humans; however, it is still a matter of some debate as to whether the modem inhabitants of Island Southeast Asia are descended from these original inhabitants or are the result of some later migration. Currently, the prevailing theory in both archaeology and linguistics is that the modem inhabitants of Island Southeast Asia are largely descended from an agricultural people who originated in China and Taiwan around 6,000 years ago. From there they are thought to have migrated through the Philippines and into Eastern Island Southeast Asia around 2,500-1,500 B.C. assimilating or replacing the indigenous peoples. However, other researchers have suggested that a model of regional continuity is more suitable for Island Southeast Asia and that the modem inhabitants are the direct descendents of the original Pleistocene inhabitants. Still others have suggested that intermediate models would be more appropriate. This study aimed to use mitochondrial DNA to test the validity of these models. A secondary aim was to look at the mitochondrial DNA of the indigenous Orang AsH groups of the Malay Peninsula in an attempt to reconstruct a picture of the early Pleistocene variation of Southeast Asia. To this end, mitochondrial DNA was obtained and sequenced from 885 individuals from various locations in Island Southeast Asia and also 259 Orang AsHindividuals. This study has demonstrated that the populations of Island Southeast Asia contain a high level of genetic diversity, including a number of novel haplogroups. Significant differences have also been found between Eastern and Western populations suggesting that they have been established long enough to become regionally specific. Most Island Southeast Asian haplogroups date to the Pleistocene or early Holocene which suggests that they are mostly indigenous to the area. Those which could have a connection to Taiwan seem too old to have been part of an 'out of Taiwan' event as it has been traditionally visualised. Only -13% ofmtDNA types (belonging to haplogroups M7clc, D5 and Y2) could be linked to such an event suggesting that if a migration did occur it was demographically minor. xiii A number of novel haplogroups were also found in the Orang Asli which form strong support for the theory that that at least the Semang, if not all Orang Asli groups in part, are descended from the original Pleistocene inhabitants of the Malay Peninsula. These novel haplogroups diverge from the same set of founder types as the haplogroups found across the rest of Eurasia; that they diverge from close to the roots of these founder types suggests they are of considerable antiquity. This, along with expansion dates of -60,000 obtained in this study, suggests that only a single, early 'out of Africa' event took place which led to the peopling of the rest of the world by modem humans.
12
Olsson, Bruno. "Iamitives : Perfects in Southeast Asia and beyond." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study explores grammatical markers with meanings similar to the English perfect tense and words like already, as found in numerous languages across the world, and perhaps especially in languages of Southeast Asia, with the aim of describing the main function of these markers. Such items have previously been treated as belonging to the same category as the perfects of European languages but are tentatively termed "iamitives" in this study (from Latin iam 'already') since they differ from perfects in many respects. The investigation focusses on the semantic and pragmatic factors that determine the use of iamitive-like markers in Indonesian/Malay, Thai, Vietnamese and Mandarin Chinese, based on questionnaire data obtained through work with native speakers of the languages, with additional data coming from a number of languages spoken in other parts of the world. The results highlight the differences and similarities that can be found between iamitives, perfects and 'already', and explicates a number of conditions that are crucial for the use of iamitives, notably involving notions such as change-of-state and speaker expectations
13
Kobayashi, Tatsuro 1967. "Prospects for nuclear power in Southeast Asia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-167).<br>Southeast Asia needs strong financial and infrastructure bases for continuous development. in the next century. Although the turmoil of the 1997 Asian financial crisis slowed down economic growth the region is recovering gradually, and will need increasing energy supplies in the future. In the electricity sector, which has had to expand more slowly than it did in the 1980s, the main focus has been changing from how to satisfy the growing demand for high reliability to how to cut the cost of electricity. Under these circumstances, we examine the effective role of nuclear power, which can contribute to the stable supply of electricity and still meet the requirement of low emissions. A method of multi-attribute analysis is proposed to assess the feasibility of introducing nuclear power in combination with other generating facilities, such as natural gas, coal, oil and hydro. Capacity expansion plans from the year 2000 through 2020 in Japan Thailand, and Vietnam, which are composed by a technique of dynamic expansion planning, are evaluated on the basis of total costs, emissions, waste and energy security. In addition, the impact of electricity trade in Southeast Asia on the role of nuclear power is examined. This work concludes that nuclear power is compatible with the energy, economic and environmental conditions that may prevail in the region. The factors that promote nuclear power are: its low variable costs, the need for financial stability against unexpected economic disruptions of gas prices low interest rates to finance its capital needs and the limitation on CO2 emissions due to international concerns about global climate change.<br>by Tatsuro Kobayashi.<br>S.M.
14
Kwok, Jia-Chuan. "Explaining civil-military relations in Southeast Asia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62468.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-124).<br>Civil-military relations describe the interactions and balance of power between the civilians and the military in a nation state. Due to the organizational apparatus and capacity for forcible coercion that the military possesses, it can be an important determinant on whether a civilian government survives or falls, as well as what policies are formulated and implemented. This thesis analyses Southeast Asian civil-military relations in a comparative perspective. By looking at seven states in the region - Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Myanmar - it finds a rich diversity of such relations, ranging from situations of civilian control to civil-military partnerships to military control. The thesis therefore aims to answer the question: why has there been this variance in civil-military relations in the region? The thesis first examines briefly the history of civil-military relations theory as well as the history of the seven states mentioned above, building an analytical framework and proposing three alternative explanations for variance. Firstly, it asserts that pre-independence legacies created path dependencies that structure the shape of civil-military relations in the region. Secondly, the thesis argues that the structure of the political party environment mattered and assesses the case studies through indicators of concordance and discordance. Finally, the thesis looks at the presence of military entrepreneurship, asserting that variance depends on military capacity to engage in external business activities and civilian willingness to allow such activities. The thesis concludes by assessing the explanatory power of the three factors above and concluding that a combination of pre-independence legacies and party structure best explains civil-military relations in the region.<br>by Jia-Chuan Kwok.<br>S.M.
15
Huang, Rong. "Business cycles in East and Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844387/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of an economy's business cycle -defined as a deviation from the long-term output growth rate- is an important task: upward deviations may create inflationary pressures, while downward deviations may be associated with a high unemployment rate. There can be many reasons why an economy may grow at a different rate than the long-term trend. These include government policies, political factors and other internal or external shocks. While it is not possible to eradicate the business cycle -after all a shock is an unexpected development in a relevant variable- the understanding of its statistical properties is helpful in assessing the effects of the various shocks hitting the economy and designing policies to help reduce output variability. The purpose of this thesis is to model empirically business cycles of selected East and Southeast Asian economies. The region is of particular interest as it consists of both developed economies (e.g. Japan and Singapore) and emerging ones (e.g. South Korea and Thailand). In addition, the so-called Asian tigers experienced a fall from grace during the crisis of 1997-98 but they have recently resumed robust growth rates. Given the prominent role that these economies may play in a world emerging from the severe financial crisis of 2007 the investigation of their business cycles becomes an even more valuable endeavour. But how can we model the business cycle to answer pertinent questions? A regime-switching methodology is adopted to examine the following issues; first, the degree of persistence of positive and negative growth rate regimes; second, the extent of correlation of the region's economies conditional on the growth regime; third, the informational content of leading indicators; and fourth, the duration dependence of the business cycle. The selected methodology allows the extraction of the relevant information and pervades the conclusions of the thesis. Following a brief introduction, chapter 2 reviews the modern theory of business cycles, as well as the relevant empirical contributions. The next chapter examines in some depth the economic structure of the sample economies. Understanding the main characteristics of each economy is a prerequisite in appreciating the features of the respective business cycle. Chapter 4 presents the methodology of fixed and time-varying transition probability regime-switching models, which will be used in the Subsequent analysis. Chapters 5 and 6 provide the main answers to the research questions outlined above. A summary of the work is offered in the last chapter.
16
Nilsson, Louise. "The biodiversity loss crisis in Southeast Asia." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24000.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Denna kandidatuppsats gör en ansats till att belysa biodiversitetsproblematiken i Sydostasien, som är ett område med mycket hög artrikedom som samtidigt hotas av en intensifierad förlust av arter. Fyra ’biodiversitet hotspots’ omger Sydostasien, vilka indikerar platser med hög artrikedom vilka sammanfaller med hög förlust av habitat. Det största orsaken till förlust av biologisk mångfald i Sydostasien är omvandlingen utav artrika naturtyper till monokulturodlingar, och expansionen av jordbruk och urbana områden. För att undersöka den pågående biodiversitetsforskningen genomfördes en systematisk litteraturanalys av publicerade artiklar från 2010-2019. Vad litteraturanalysen kom fram till var att flera problem, socioekonomiska samt miljöproblem intensifierar varandra, liksom fattigdom och förlust av biologisk mångfald. Internationellt samarbete krävs för att stoppa exploateringen av de värdefulla arter och naturtyper som går förlorade till fördel för den globala handeln med produkter som kommer från området. Medel för att stoppa denna biodiversitetskatastrof måste riktas till forskning och organisationer som arbetar i området. Vi bör genast agera på ett globalt plan för att förhindra förlusten av biodiversitet samt dess tillhörande ekosystemtjänster, detta skulle kunna tacklas genom att vi rör oss ifrån den antropocentriska och emot den ekocentriska natursynen.<br>This bachelor thesis focuses on the biodiversity loss problematics in Southeast Asia, since it is one of the most species rich places on Earth, coupled with the highest rate of loss of species. Four biodiversity hotspots encompasses Southeast Asia which implies areas of high endemism coupled with high rates habitat loss. This thesis aim to understand what current research in the field focuses on and what ways of protecting biodiversity in the area that exists. The main driver of biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia as well as in the rest of the world, are land-use alterations; forests and natural habitat being converted to monoculture plantations, as well as agricultural- and urban expansions. Through a systematic literature review of scientific material from 2010-2019, the biodiversity research in Southeast Asia is reviewed. What the literature review concluded was that an array of environmental- as well as socioeconomic problems intensifies each other in the area, such as poverty and biodiversity loss. International cooperation to halt biodiversity loss and the global demand for products produced in the area which greatly damages ecosystems needs to be addressed urgently. Actions to halt the mass-extinction of species and their connected ecosystem services needs to be taken by providing means to organizations and to scientists that work in the area and could possibly be addressed by moving from anthropocentrism towards a biocentric nature view.
17
Terlizzi, Anthony P. "Terrorism and U.S. counterterrorism in Southeast Asia." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/02Sep%5FTerlizzi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.<br>Thesis advisor(s): H. Lyman Miller, Gaye Christoffersen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100). Also available online.
18
Renshaw, Catherine Michelle. "Human rights and regionalism in Southeast Asia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I have two aims in this dissertation. The first is to record an extraordinary period of human rights institution-building in Southeast Asia. This period began in 2007, with the signing of the Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The Charter explicitly links the purpose of ASEAN with the strengthening of democracy and the protection of human rights and provides for the establishment of an ‘ASEAN Human Rights Body’. This body was established in 2009, as the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights. The Commission’s first task was to draft the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration, which was completed and adopted by ASEAN Heads of State in November 2012. In the context of the political diversity of Southeast Asia, the region’s historical resistance to international human rights law, and the long shadow cast by the ‘Asian Values’ debate of the 1990s, I ask the following questions: What factors explain the establishment of these institutions? How deep is ASEAN’s new commitment to human rights and democracy? What do these institutions augur for the way rights are realised in Southeast Asia? My second aim is to explore and test my theory that regional institutions possess a particular legitimacy in the promotion and protection of human rights. The theory is driven by a simple observation. Since the end of World War II, the discourse of human rights has become, to borrow a phrase used by Charles Beitz, ‘the common moral language of global society.’ Yet the original post-World War II vision of a legalised international human rights order (with judicial oversight, mechanisms for enforcement, and sanctions for non-compliance) has faded. The global human rights system works by setting standards, which are then invoked (by domestic and international non-governmental organisations, members of civil society, political oppositions, the international community) to persuade, shame or coerce states into compliance. The problems are: change is very slow, many states (both predatory and decent) are resistant to influence, and in circumstances of exception (civil conflict, war, political crisis) when human rights are most vulnerable to abuse, the system is least effective. The failures of the global system are many and patent. On the other hand, states seem more willing to subscribe to binding norms promoted by regional organs of restricted membership. Regional systems now exist under the auspices of the Council of Europe, the Organisation of American States, the Organisation of African Unity, the League of Arab States and most recently, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Scholars have observed that there seems to be a ‘directness of association’ between members of regional organisations, which positively influences (or has the potential to influence) causal processes such as socialisation, binding, monitoring and enforcement. My theory is that regional factors such as smaller numbers, deeper levels of integration, greater consensus around the importance of certain societal values, similar geographic characteristics and shared economic and security interests, create the conditions for legitimate governance. I test my theory using a case study of Southeast Asia and its new institutions. In the end, my conclusion is that in circumstances where regions possess low levels of democracy, then regional human rights systems do not possess a particular legitimacy. The nature of democracy, the relationship between democracy and human rights, and the deficit of democracy in Southeast Asia are at the heart of my explanation about why Southeast Asia’s nascent human rights system (currently) lacks legitimacy.
19
Narine, Shaun. "The evolution of ASEAN." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/NQ35264.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
20
Karsner, Alexander Armand. "The emerging market for private electric power in Southeast Asia: a comparative survey of prospects andproblems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950589.
Повний текст джерела
21
Franklin, John K. "The hollow pact : Pacific security and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization /." Fort Worth, Tex. : Texas Christian University, 2006. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/24320.
Повний текст джерела
22
Chabangborn, Akkaneewut. "Asian monsoon over mainland Southeast Asia in the past 25 000 years." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-107136.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this research is to interpret high-resolution palaeo-proxy data sets to understand the Asian summer monsoon variability in the past. This was done by synthesizing published palaeo-records from the Asian monsoon region, model simulation comparisons, and analysing new lake sedimentary records from northeast Thailand. Palaeo-records and climate modeling indicate a strengthened summer monsoon over Mainland Southeast Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), compared to dry conditions in other parts of the Asian monsoon region. This can be explained by the LGM sea level low stand, which exposed Sundaland and created a large land-sea thermal contrast. Sea level rise ~19 600 years before present (BP), reorganized the atmospheric circulation in the Pacific Ocean and weakened the summer monsoon between 20 000 and 19 000 years BP. Both the Mainland Southeast Asia and the East Asian monsoon hydroclimatic records point to an earlier Holocene onset of strengthened summer monsoon, compared to the Indian Ocean monsoon. The asynchronous evolution of the summer monsoon and a time lag of 1500 years between the East Asian and the Indian Ocean monsoon can be explained by the palaeogeography of Mainland Southeast Asia, which acted as a land bridge for the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The palaeo-proxy records from Lake Kumphawapi compare well to the other data sets and suggest a strengthened summer monsoon between 10 000 and 7000 years BP and a weakening of the summer monsoon thereafter. The data from Lake Pa Kho provides a picture of summer monsoon variability over 2000 years. A strengthened summer monsoon prevailed between BC 170-AD 370, AD 800-960 and since AD 1450, and was weaker about AD 370-800 and AD 1300-1450. The movement of the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone explains shifts in summer monsoon intensity, but weakening of the summer monsoon between 960 and 1450 AD could be affected by changes in the Walker circulation.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript..</p>
23
Mohr, Alexander T., and B. N. Kumar. "The effects of the Asian crisis on German FDI in Southeast Asia." Gabler Publishing, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4047.
Повний текст джерела
24
Lou, Kai-bun, and 劉啓彬. "Chinese banking activities: two bankers in Southeast Asia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195148X.
Повний текст джерела
25
Fenton, Damien Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "SEATO and the defence of Southeast Asia 1955-1965." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the role played by the South East Treaty Organisation (SEATO) in the defence of Western interests in that region during the Cold War, there has to date been no scholarly attempt to examine the development and performance of the organisation as a military alliance. This thesis is thus the first attempt to do so and as such seeks to take advantage of the recent release of much SEATO-related official material into the public domain by Western governments. This material throws new light upon SEATO???s aims and achievements, particularly in regard to the first ten years of its existence. Because SEATO was eventually rendered irrelevant by the events of the Second Indochina War (1965-1975) a popular perception has arisen that it was always a ???Paper Tiger??? lacking in substance, and thus easily dismissed. This thesis challenges this assumption by examining SEATO???s development in the decade before that conflict. The thesis analyses SEATO???s place in the wider Cold War and finds that it was part of a rational and consistent response within the broader Western strategy of containment to deter, and if need be, defeat, the threat of communist aggression. That threat was a very real one for Southeast Asia in the aftermath of the First Indochina War and one that was initially perceived in terms of the conventional military balance of power. This focus dominated SEATO???s strategic concepts and early contingency planning and rightly so, as an examination of the strength and development of the PLA and PAVN during this period demonstrates. SEATO developed a dedicated military apparatus, principally the Military Planning Office (MPO), that proved itself to be perfectly capable of providing the level of co-ordination and planning needed to produce a credible SEATO deterrent in this regard. SEATO enjoyed less success with its attempts to respond to the emergence of a significant communist insurgent threat, first in Laos then in South Vietnam, but the alliance did nonetheless recognise this threat and the failure of SEATO in this regard was one of political will rather than military doctrine. Indeed this thesis confirms that it was the increasingly disparate political agendas of a number of SEATO???s members that ultimately paralysed its ability to act and thus ensured its failure to meet its aims, at least insofar as the so-called ???Protocol States??? were concerned. But this failure should not be allowed to completely overshadow SEATO???s earlier achievements in providing a modicum of Western-backed stability and security to the region from 1955-1965.
26
Lourie, Sara Anne. "Phylogeography of Southeast Asian seahorses in a conservation context." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigates the potential role of historical isolation of ocean basins in promoting diversification among marine organisms in Southeast Asia. It also questions the possible effects of Pleistocene exposure of the Sunda Shelf on present day marine distributions and genetic diversity. Four species of exploited seahorses (genus Hippocampus), with differing ecological parameters, are used to test historical hypotheses. The results (based on cytochrome b DNA sequencing) suggest that significant phylogeographic structure does exist among seahorse populations in Southeast Asia, but that the patterns are only partially concordant across species. Distinct phylogeographic breaks are seen in H. barbouri, H. kuda, and H. trimaculatus, whereas greater spatial overlap of haplotypes in H. spinosissimus indicates more extensive gene flow. The phylogeographic history of the two shallow water species (H. barbouri and H. kuda) appears to have been primarily shaped by fragmentation and/or long-distance colonisation events. Both species show patterns consistent with hypotheses of divergence mediated by ocean basins separations. The deeper water species (H. spinosissimus and H. trimaculatus) show more evidence of range expansion and isolation by distance. Hippocampus trimaculatus shows a deep east-west phylogeographic division at right angles to that predicted by the separation of the Indian versus Pacific Ocean basins and instead parallels the terrestrial division known as Wallace's Line. Different species have also responded differently to the reflooding of the Sunda Shelf at the end of the last Ice Age: the two deeper water species have colonised it extensively suggesting limited barriers to movement, whereas the shallow water species have not. It is possible that the populations of H. kuda now inhabiting the shelf may stem from populations that found refuge in brackish water lakes when the shelf was exposed to the air. All four species are heav
27
Hudson, Geoffrey Stephen. "The Evolution of American Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1373975377.
Повний текст джерела
28
Khamchoo, Chaiwat. "Japan's Southeast Asian policy in the post-Vietnam era (1975-1985)." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10767.
Повний текст джерела
29
Davies, Sara Ellen. "Legitimising rejection : international refugee law in Southeast Asia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19072.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
30
Bird, Miles T. "Social Piracy in Colonial and Contemporary Southeast Asia." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to the firsthand account of James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, it appears that piracy in the state of British Malaya in the mid-1800s was community-driven and egalitarian, led by the interests of heroic figures like the Malayan pirate Si Rahman. These heroic figures share traits with Eric Hobsbawm’s social bandit, and in this case may be ascribed as social pirates. In contrast, late 20th-century and early 21st-century pirates in the region operate in loosely structured, hierarchical groups beholden to transnational criminal syndicates. Evidence suggests that contemporary pirates do not form the egalitarian communities of their colonial counterparts or play the role of ‘Robin Hood’ in their societies. Firsthand accounts of pirates from the modern-day pirate community on Batam Island suggest that the contemporary Southeast Asian pirate is an operative in the increasingly corporate interest of modern-day criminal organizations.
31
Md, Sharif Harlina. "Mosques in island Southeast Asia, 15th-20th century." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/17839/.
Повний текст джерела
32
Lin, Tsu-Yuan. "Understanding the Dynamics of Misperceptions in Southeast Asia." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis seeks to understand the current dynamics of misperceptions in Southeast Asia. The paper would focus on three actors in the region: China, the U.S., and a representative state of ASEAN, Vietnam. The actors would be examined in the context of the South China Sea disputes. The essential goal of U.S. policymakers it to achieve peace and stability in the region by building a liberal order, but the existence of misperceptions makes it highly challenging. The misperceptions stem from the fact that each actor has to predict what paradigm what other actors’ actions are based on in the region. In order to reduce misperception, there must be a high level of trust derived from consistent rhetoric accompanied with actions. The paper finds that the problem lies in the fact that to achieve a coherent foreign policy that other actors can interpret consistently, there must be a convergence of domestic politics and other states’ actions that allows each actor to have a positive and constructive interpretation of its options. The paper examines how domestic politics can often hinder a coherent foreign policy that eliminates confusion for other actors. Furthermore, in the case study between the three actors, China, the U.S., and Vietnam, will demonstrate how actors’ behaviors and actions can be changing due to other actors and domestic politics. Therefore, the paper suggests several policies that the U.S. needs to take in order to reduce the tension between domestic politics and other states’ actions.
33
Niamvanichkul, Nodwarang. "Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Southeast Asia." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5829.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study centers on the political aspects of human trafficking and sexual exploitation in Southeast Asia. Specifically, the human trafficking is a security studies concern because it is not only a social issue, but also a security threat. Just as with drug trafficking, human trafficking has security consequences. The study analyzed human trafficking issues in the following three countries in Southeast Asia: Thailand, Myanmar, and Cambodia. These three countries were chosen due to the high levels of human trafficking. In each of the chosen cases, there is an examination of human trafficking issues in terms of political structures, political policies, economy, and international aid. Findings showed that individual economic status was the most important factor in human trafficking. Regime type, although important, did not show as significant results when compared to individual economic status. However, there was a positive relationship found between international organizations and human trafficking. Recommendations were made concerning the formulation and implementation of political policies. If international organizations take action in each of the three countries, then the problem of human trafficking can decrease.<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>Political Science<br>Sciences<br>Political Science; International Studies
34
Common, Richard K. "Public management and policy transfer in Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2484/.
Повний текст джерела
35
Smedley, Richard Edward. "Avian diversity of rice fields in Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/74827/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis investigated avian diversity within rice fields at three locations in the Philippines. From February 2012 until April 2014, avian community structure was recorded to determine the effect that different farming techniques have upon frequency and abundance within the habitat. Investigations were conducted to challenge the common misconception that all birds are a threat to crop yield, with detailed research into the life-cycle and diet of the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Twenty-seven continuous months of bird surveys were conducted to record annual, and temporal, changes in frequency and diversity. A total of 130 species were recorded, and explanations for abundance patterns discussed. Species biological richness scores indicated that time of year and field stage are important factors affecting diversity within rice fields. To investigate the effect different farming techniques have upon avian diversity, two largescale crop manipulations were investigated; fields under a water management technique (Alternate Wetting and Drying) and areas of accelerated rice production. Both investigations indicated that avian frequency and abundance were higher within manipulated fields when compared to control sites. Differences in community structure are discussed identifying a change under manipulated conditions. Artificial nest boxes were used to record breeding season and productivity, with biometric measurements, for the Eurasian tree sparrow sub-species‘saturatus’, which produced more eggs but successfully fledged fewer young, over a longer breeding period. A significant difference in wing formulae between sexes indicates a difference in life-style strategies. To determine diet, stable isotopic analysis of claws measured ratios of δ15N. Differences in δ15N were compared to a control group fed on a ‘pure’ diet. Results indicated a mixed diet when given free choice, but could not be identified within the current data set. Management strategies to reduce potential yield loss to birds, along with considerations for future work, are discussed.
36
Jones, Lee C. "ASEAN, social conflict and intervention in Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c17c8000-e2f2-46c2-a421-5a94a94bea0d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis challenges the prevailing academic and journalistic consensus that ASEAN states, bound by a cast-iron norm of non-interference, do not intervene in other states’ internal affairs. It argues that ASEAN states have frequently engaged in acts of intervention, often with very serious, negative consequences. Using methods of critical historical sociology, the thesis reconstructs the history of ASEAN’s non-interference principle and interventions from ASEAN’s inception onwards, drawing on sources including ASEAN and UN documents, US and UK archives, and policymaker interviews. It focuses especially on three case studies: East Timor, Cambodia, and Myanmar. The thesis argues that both the emergence of ideologies of non-intervention and their violation can be explained by the social conflicts animating state policies. Non-interference was developed by embattled, authoritarian, capitalist elites in an attempt to bolster their defence of capitalist social order from radical challenges. Where adherence to non-intervention failed to serve this purpose, it was discarded or manipulated to permit cross-border ‘containment’ operations. After communism was defeated in the ASEAN states, foreign policy continued to promote the interests of dominant, state-linked business groups and oligarchic factions. Non-interference shifted to defend domestic power structures from the West’s liberalising agenda. However, ASEAN elites continued meddling in neighbouring states even as containment operations were discarded. This contributed to the collapse of Cambodia’s ruling coalition in 1997, and ASEAN subsequently intervened to restore it. The 1997 Asian financial crisis dealt a crippling blow to ASEAN. To contain domestic unrest in Indonesia, core ASEAN states joined a humanitarian intervention in East Timor in 1999. In the decade since, non-interference has been progressively weakened as the core members struggle to regain domestic legitimacy and lost international political and economic space. This is expressed most clearly in ASEAN’s attempts to insert itself into Myanmar’s democratisation process after decades of failed ‘constructive engagement’.
37
Lou, Kai-bun. "Chinese banking activities : two bankers in Southeast Asia /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19113638.
Повний текст джерела
38
Forest, Roma Eliana. "Value of Corporate Political Ties in Southeast Asia." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Utilizing the random effects model and Faccio (2010)’s methodology for classifying political connections, I find that politically connected Southeast Asian firms tend to have higher taxes and accounting performance than non-politically connected firms. The type of connection matters, with state-ownership producing the strongest benefits for market share. Contingent country-level variables, such as the economy, corruption, and the legal environment, also influence the value of corporate political ties. I find that Faccio (2010)’s results are likely more economically important than mine, even when controlling for the panel data effect.
39
Ariffin, Anuar. "The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the ASEAN free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy." Thesis, Ariffin, Anuar (2007) The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the ASEAN free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/117/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines a number of issues concerning the free trade doctrine, regionalism and Regional Free Trade Areas (FTAs), with a special focus on the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). This study is broadly divided into three parts. The first part examines the doctrine of free trade from the perspectives of ideological belief as well as theoretical expositions, and how these influence trade policies of many countries throughout the history of trade. The second part of the study analyses the forces that influence the formation of regionalism and regional FTAs all over the world. In the first and second parts, an extensive survey of the existing literature is undertaken to unearth relevant ideas and events, which are important to policy makers and the general public.
The third part of the study deals primarily with empirical investigation of the economic effects brought about by the formation of regional FTAs. Two main issues are examined in this part. The first issue is the assessment of the effects that regional FTAs have on trade of members against other countries that do not become members of any economic groupings. The second issue is the examination of the effect of AFTA on trade of member vis-a-vis non-member countries. In addition, this part also examines the question of whether AFTA 'creates' or 'diverts' trade. For the purpose of addressing issues grouped in this part of the study, a gravity model is employed to answer the questions of interest. This part of the study covers a period of 24 years (1980-2003). Cross sectional data involving 990 pairs of countries, which trade with each other, are used in regression analysis based on the Ordinary Least Square technique.
Findings from the first and second parts of the study indicate that trade between countries during the era of mercantilism (1500s-1750s) was carried out under enormous restrictions in consonance with the thinking of that time. However, by the end of eighteenth century the economic arguments in favour of free trade began to be accepted, resulting in the adoption of the free trade idea into the commercial policies of many countries, particularly in Europe in the middle of nineteenth century. The period characterized by unilateral free trade regimes lasted only about three decades, as protectionist elements made a return into trade policy formulation in the 1870s. The period of liberal trade policy regimes came to a complete end at the breakout of the First World War in 1914, and the protectionist trade policies of many countries continued to strengthen their grip until the Second World War.
After WW2 ended in 1945, many countries realised that security and the orderly conduct of international trade were important to ensure continuous prosperity of the world. This led to series of negotiations involving major trading countries that resulted in the establishment of the GATT in 1947. The main thrust behind this initiative was that all trading nations must cooperate to liberalize their trade policies, reflecting the idea that countries should move towards adopting 'freer' trade policy than the regime they adopted in the 1930s and the early 1940s.
At the end of 1990s the world once again observed agreement amongst prominent trade economists for the case of pursuing free trade policy. This is due to the renewed recognition by economists of two important propositions: (1) if market failures remain unfixed, then pursing free trade policy can harm rather that help, and (2) if market failures are fixed through suitable policy interventions, then free trade can be used to exploit the potential gains from trade. Within the second proposition, economists emphasis that if market failures arise in domestic markets, then the most appropriate policy interventions would be to devise policies targeting at correcting those domestic market failures, while free trade is maintained externally.
Findings from empirical assessment of the effects of regional FTAs on trade indicate that economic theory might be able to approximate reality. One important result of this part of the study suggests that three regional FTAs, AFTA, CER and MERCUSOR have had an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect in recent years, particularly since the early 2000s. This implies that trade among members of these economic groupings is higher than their trade with other countries. Meanwhile, the EU and NAFTA do not show an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect for any part of the study period. The other important result obtained by this study suggests that although AFTA member countries trade with each other, comparatively, more than their trade with the rest of the world, the intensity of trade between them is less pronounced for the period after the formation of AFTA. This implies that AFTA has the characteristic of an 'open trading bloc'. Lastly, the finding of this part of the study also suggests that AFTA essentially creates rather than diverts trade. This means that AFTA's establishment does not only increase trade among member countries but it also boosts trade with the rest of the world.
40
Ariffin, Anuar. "The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the ASEAN free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy." Ariffin, Anuar (2007) The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the ASEAN free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/117/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines a number of issues concerning the free trade doctrine, regionalism and Regional Free Trade Areas (FTAs), with a special focus on the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). This study is broadly divided into three parts. The first part examines the doctrine of free trade from the perspectives of ideological belief as well as theoretical expositions, and how these influence trade policies of many countries throughout the history of trade. The second part of the study analyses the forces that influence the formation of regionalism and regional FTAs all over the world. In the first and second parts, an extensive survey of the existing literature is undertaken to unearth relevant ideas and events, which are important to policy makers and the general public.
The third part of the study deals primarily with empirical investigation of the economic effects brought about by the formation of regional FTAs. Two main issues are examined in this part. The first issue is the assessment of the effects that regional FTAs have on trade of members against other countries that do not become members of any economic groupings. The second issue is the examination of the effect of AFTA on trade of member vis-a-vis non-member countries. In addition, this part also examines the question of whether AFTA 'creates' or 'diverts' trade. For the purpose of addressing issues grouped in this part of the study, a gravity model is employed to answer the questions of interest. This part of the study covers a period of 24 years (1980-2003). Cross sectional data involving 990 pairs of countries, which trade with each other, are used in regression analysis based on the Ordinary Least Square technique.
Findings from the first and second parts of the study indicate that trade between countries during the era of mercantilism (1500s-1750s) was carried out under enormous restrictions in consonance with the thinking of that time. However, by the end of eighteenth century the economic arguments in favour of free trade began to be accepted, resulting in the adoption of the free trade idea into the commercial policies of many countries, particularly in Europe in the middle of nineteenth century. The period characterized by unilateral free trade regimes lasted only about three decades, as protectionist elements made a return into trade policy formulation in the 1870s. The period of liberal trade policy regimes came to a complete end at the breakout of the First World War in 1914, and the protectionist trade policies of many countries continued to strengthen their grip until the Second World War.
After WW2 ended in 1945, many countries realised that security and the orderly conduct of international trade were important to ensure continuous prosperity of the world. This led to series of negotiations involving major trading countries that resulted in the establishment of the GATT in 1947. The main thrust behind this initiative was that all trading nations must cooperate to liberalize their trade policies, reflecting the idea that countries should move towards adopting 'freer' trade policy than the regime they adopted in the 1930s and the early 1940s.
At the end of 1990s the world once again observed agreement amongst prominent trade economists for the case of pursuing free trade policy. This is due to the renewed recognition by economists of two important propositions: (1) if market failures remain unfixed, then pursing free trade policy can harm rather that help, and (2) if market failures are fixed through suitable policy interventions, then free trade can be used to exploit the potential gains from trade. Within the second proposition, economists emphasis that if market failures arise in domestic markets, then the most appropriate policy interventions would be to devise policies targeting at correcting those domestic market failures, while free trade is maintained externally.
Findings from empirical assessment of the effects of regional FTAs on trade indicate that economic theory might be able to approximate reality. One important result of this part of the study suggests that three regional FTAs, AFTA, CER and MERCUSOR have had an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect in recent years, particularly since the early 2000s. This implies that trade among members of these economic groupings is higher than their trade with other countries. Meanwhile, the EU and NAFTA do not show an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect for any part of the study period. The other important result obtained by this study suggests that although AFTA member countries trade with each other, comparatively, more than their trade with the rest of the world, the intensity of trade between them is less pronounced for the period after the formation of AFTA. This implies that AFTA has the characteristic of an 'open trading bloc'. Lastly, the finding of this part of the study also suggests that AFTA essentially creates rather than diverts trade. This means that AFTA's establishment does not only increase trade among member countries but it also boosts trade with the rest of the world.
41
Pookapun, Savit. "Product interface design for South-East Asian countries : industrial design context." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994.
Знайти повний текст джерела
42
梁炎康 and Yim-hong Dennis Leung. "Business network in South East Asia: Thorellimodel." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267476.
Повний текст джерела
43
Tong, Chi-hung Philip, and 湯志雄. "International trade in Asia Pacific: a study of trade liberalization and regionalism : an East Asia prospective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267683.
Повний текст джерела
44
Darmono, Juanita Amanda. "ASEAN's diplomatic strategy after the Vietnamese invasion of Kampuchea." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26805.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the diplomatic strategy adopted by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in response to the 1978 Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia and the subsequent shift in the regional distribution of power with regard to the security of the ASEAN nations. I argue that ASEAN has demonstrated considerable success in preventing a collapse of regional order in Southeast Asia.
It is important to understand that ASEAN is a product and tool of its members' foreign policy and should therefore be assessed in the foreign policy, rather than in the regional integrationist, context. This will be examined from the point of view of a group of relatively weak, insignificant states within the international arena, historically plagued by conflict and intervention by external powers, exacerbated by a history of intra-regional enmity rather than cooperation, military weakness, and no collective tradition of diplomatic expertise. Yet, despite these shortcomings and ASEAN's previous inability to come together on issues of economic integration, ASEAN's response to the Third Indochina conflict has allowed its member nations to maintain their independence, preserve their freedom of action, rally international support, and confront the great powers involved in this issue through the use of a regional organization.
This thesis will also counter the prevailing view that existing intra-ASEAN differences regarding the primary external threat in the issue (namely Vietnam, China or the Soviet Union) have seriously divided its members to the point of potentially threatening the organization's existence. Instead, I will argue that the combination of ASEAN's curious mode of "conflict resolution" through "conflict avoidance", as well as its diplomatic "division of labour," have effectively incorporated existing intra-ASEAN differences as bargaining assets for the organization's political viability. These internal cleavages have been far from resolved or reconciled, but rather skirted over by a web of unwritten laws, implicit rules and mutual understandings regarding one another's accepted role within the organization. This implicit "regime" has served several
purposes: it has allowed ASEAN to sustain its image of unity, boosted its political visability in the international forum, and prevented the "loss of face" of fellow members on points of contention.
Research for this thesis was conducted in part at the ASEAN Secretariat and the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Jakarta, and the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) in Singapore.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Political Science, Department of<br>Graduate
45
Subbakrishna, Nagendra. "Appropriate technology and the rural energy sector in South East Asian developing countries." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Given increasing problems in the availability, affordability and deliverability of commercial primary and secondary energy resources, coupled with growing macroeconomic uncertainties, the use of renewable, non-commercial energy resources has been actively promoted in rural areas of developing countries. This, in addition to the fact that conventional, 'state-of-the-art' energy facilities present technical problems, are inequitable and pose potential environmental hazards, has led to proposals for instituting alternative, intermediate or 'appropriate' technologies in rural settlements. This thesis identifies technical, economic, social, cultural and institutional barriers to the introduction of intermediate or 'appropriate' technologies in rural areas. The cases of solar and biogas technologies in Korea, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea the Philippines and Thailand are considered.
Policy and planning process recommendations are made on the roles of government, voluntary aid-agencies and the rural user, to overcome the obstacles to implementing these technologies. These recommendations cover the micro (village) and macro (regional and national) levels over two time horizons, and stress the need for a comprehensive approach to discerning rural needs, followed by integrated technology diffusion through effective program and project implementation. In addition, this thesis identifies the need for a continuous collection of information on rural socio-economic conditions and potential for rural interfuel substitution and finally, recommends research into improving technical efficiencies of alternative energy technologies such as solar and biogas.
Alternative or intermediate energy technologies such as solar and biogas can play an important role in augmenting rural energy supply. Unless steps are taken to remove the identified barriers to implementation in future technology diffusion efforts, this potential will not be realized. Policy and planning process recommendations made in this thesis present means through which these barriers could be removed.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
46
Eng, Cheryl Joy Wee Guay. "Intra-ASEAN labour flow : the labour market impacts." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1993. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26736.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study reviews the intra ASEAN labour exchanges that have occurred in the past decade, and proposes that these migration flows have affected the labour markets of both the sending and receiving countries. Generally, labour migration in the labour exporting countries was found to have alleviated unemployment, and migrants showed some indication of skill formation; in some cases though, problems of sectoral shortages had occurred. The study goes on to highlight some of these presenting labour market considerations, that result from labour flows.
The study of labour importing countries found that foreign workers had become structurally integrated into the hosts’ workforce; through access to this cheap source of labour, domestic wages in hosts’ countries were generally depressed, thereby allowing them to maintain their comparative advantage as cheaper bases of production for longer periods. An exploration on structural change as another aspect of the labour market impact in labour importing countries, also indicated that there was a link between how migrant labour had been used, and the extent that structural change had occurred.
47
Fahy, Brian. "Holistic shipwreck assemblages in 14th and 15th century Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4a26a290-3bd3-423d-9e30-18bf314aeac8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ceramic trade throughout Medieval Southeast Asia was prolific. Terrestrial sites have yielded massive amounts of ceramic material and the archaeological reports of shipwreck cargoes corroborate the versatile and extensive qualities of trade ceramics in the region. The sheer quantity of ceramic artefacts found in shipwreck assemblages, paired with a well-researched framework of the aesthetic, demonstrates that we rely heavily on ceramic data to date wrecks and establish regional trading patterns. While ceramics typically represent the bulk of the recovered material in these instances, many other types of material are present in the various assemblages. Yet these "lesser" materials suffer from a lack of investigation and, therefore, play virtually no role in the archaeological and historical assessment of the ship, its cargo, and its relationship to the maritime economy of the period. While ceramic studies may provide a general overview, a consideration of the other material provides subtlety and nuance to the analysis. This case study focuses on the non-ceramic assemblages for six shipwrecks from the 14th and 15th Centuries of Southeast Asia (three Chinese-built and three Southeast Asian-styled junks). The typological study of the metallurgical, organic and geological material from these wrecks can complement much of the work surrounding existing trade models as well as reveal new concepts of crew life, belief systems and culture. These facets come together to offer a more holistic narrative as well as stimulating the need within the region for more study regarding the locations where past peoples mined and manufactured raw metals. The thesis will also consider the motivations behind the excavators of these projects and what role this plays in the interpretation of the non-ceramic material. One wreck was excavated by treasure hunters, one was done by an amateur archaeologist and a curator, and a third was excavated by a governmental organization. Two excavations were conducted by a non-profit foundation in conjunction with a National Museum and a final one was a purely academic excavation. Each party brings their own experiences and motivations to the excavation and therefore the systems of collection, curation, and conservation weigh heavily and are varied. These factors can determine what priorities each excavator brings to the analysis of excavated objects and the extent to which this effects the subsequent interpretation of the shipwreck.
48
Ketkamon, Mattana Grabill Joseph L. "United States-Southeast Asian relations, 1780s-1980s." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1988. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8907676.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1988.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed September 22, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Joseph L. Grabill (chair), Robert W. Hunt, Lawrence W. McBride, Louis G. Perez, L. Moody Simms. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-165) and abstract. Also available in print.
49
Greenwood, Damian Michael. "A history of terrorism in Southeast Asia since 1975." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38928565.
Повний текст джерела
50
Kohler, Nicholas P. "Protected areas and landscape change in mainland Southeast Asia /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3164081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-129). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.