Статті в журналах: "Sourdough, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, Lactobacillus"

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Luti, Simone, Viola Galli, Manuel Venturi, Lisa Granchi, Paolo Paoli, and Luigia Pazzagli. "Bioactive Properties of Breads Made with Sourdough of Hull-Less Barley or Conventional and Pigmented Wheat Flours." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 3291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073291.

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Functional and nutritional properties of baked goods can be enhanced by the use of sourdough fermentation, which is defined as a mixture of water and flour fermented by lactobacilli (LAB) and yeasts. Previous data highlighted the ability of sourdoughs obtained with selected LAB strains and commercial flour to produce bioactive peptides equipped with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. More recently, it has been proven that choosing the most suitable combination of selected LAB and high-functional-value flours greatly increase the amount of low-molecular-weight antioxidant compounds responsible for improving the nutritional value of the products. This work aimed to isolate bioactive peptides both from sourdoughs and baked breads obtained with pigmented wheat and barley and a selected combination of LABs. Soluble water extracts were obtained, and low-molecular-weight peptides were isolated. Antioxidant activity was detected by assaying the intracellular ROS production in stressed cultured macrophages, treated with peptides. Moreover, anti-inflammatory activity, highlighted by NFkB pathway inhibition and by COX2 reduction in stressed cells, was demonstrated for peptides obtained from breads. The results allowed the conclusion that the combination of flours and LAB used in the present manuscript led to the production of bakery products with beneficial effects on oxidative and inflammatory status.

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Galli, Viola, Lorenzo Mazzoli, Simone Luti, Manuel Venturi, Simona Guerrini, Paolo Paoli, Massimo Vincenzini, Lisa Granchi, and Luigia Pazzagli. "Effect of selected strains of lactobacilli on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of sourdough." International Journal of Food Microbiology 286 (December 2018): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.018.

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Креккер, Людмила Геннадьевна, Галина Андреевна Донская, and Елена Вячеславовна Колосова. "Studying the antioxidant system and the vitamin-synthesizing activity of the product «kuemsil» as a potential «anti-stress» factor." Food processing industry, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2021.11.11.015.

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Проанализирована взаимосвязь между количеством антиоксидантов и витаминов в рационе питания и стрессоустойчивостью человека. В качестве объекта исследования был выбран продукт «КуЭМсил», в состав которого входят коровье и кобылье молоко, а также специально подобранный симбиоз кумысной закваски, отличающейся выраженной биохимической активностью. Закваска «КуЭМсил» создана на основе культур заквасочных микроорганизмов молочнокислых палочек, лактобацилл подрода Streptobacterium, молочных дрожжей. Результаты исследований показали, что полученный продукт отличается от классического кумыса менее пенящейся консистенцией, кислотностью до 100 °Т, высоким содержанием молочнокислых лактобактерий и достаточно большим содержанием молочных дрожжей. Определена способность чистых культур и симбиотической закваски синтезировать витамины С и В, определено количество витаминов В и В в жидкой симбиотической закваске, готовом жидком и высушенном лиофильным способом кисломолочном продукте «КуЭМсил». По сравнению с чистыми культурами через 16 ч культивирования в комбинированной закваске наблюдалось большее количество витамина С: в среднем в 9 раз. Наименьший синтез витамина С наблюдался у лактосбраживающих дрожжей. Жидкая закваска, готовый продукт «КуЭМсил» и высушенный образец содержат достаточно большое количество витамина В = 345±2,8; 320±3,2 и 246±3,1 мкг/л соответственно. По сравнению с пастеризованным молоком количество витамина В в закваске жидкой выше в 3,59 раза, в сухом продукте в 2,5 раза. Изучена антиоксидантная активность ферментированного продукта в зависимости от количества введенного лактоферрина в процессе хранения. Установлен рекомендуемый срок хранения «КуЭМсил». Представлены результаты клинической апробации продукта. The article analyzes the relationship between the amount of antioxidants and vitamins in the diet and human stress resistance. The product «KuEMsil» was chosen as the object of research, which includes cow's and mare's milk and a specially selected symbiosis of kumys sourdough, characterized by pronounced biochemical activity. The starter culture «KuEMsil» is created on the basis of cultures of starter microorganisms of lactic acid bacilli, lactobacilli of the subgenus Streptobacterium, milk yeast. The research results showed that the resulting product differs from the classic koumiss with a less foaming consistency, acidity up to 100%, a high content of lactic acid lactobacilli and a sufficiently high content of milk yeast. The ability of pure cultures and symbiotic starter culture to synthesize vitamins C and B was determined, the amount of vitamins B and B in the liquid symbiotic starter culture, the finished liquid and freeze-dried fermented milk product «KuEMsil» was determined. Compared with pure cultures, after 16 hours of cultivation, an average of 9 times more vitamin C was observed in the combined starter culture. The lowest synthesis of vitamin C was observed in lactobacillus yeast. The liquid starter culture, the finished product «KuEMsil» and the dried sample contain a sufficiently large amount of vitamin B = 345±2.8; 320±3.2 and 246±3.1 mcg/l, respectively. Compared with pasteurized milk, the amount of vitamin B in the liquid starter is higher than 3.59 times, in the dry product by 2.5 times. The antioxidant activity of the fermented product was studied depending on the amount of lactoferrin introduced during storage. The recommended shelf life of «KuEMsil» has been established. The results of clinical testing of the product are presented.

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Luti, Simone, Lorenzo Mazzoli, Matteo Ramazzotti, Viola Galli, Manuel Venturi, Giada Marino, Martin Lehmann, et al. "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of sourdoughs containing selected Lactobacilli strains are retained in breads." Food Chemistry 322 (August 2020): 126710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126710.

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Liu, Tongjie, Yang Li, Minjie Zhao, Qiufen Mo, and Fengqin Feng. "Weight-Reducing Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum ZJUFT17 Isolated from Sourdough Ecosystem." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040977.

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Lactobacillus plantarum ZJUFT17 (T17) is a potential probiotic bacterium isolated from Chinese traditional sourdough. The purpose of this study was to investigate its weight-reducing effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and further to elucidate possible mechanisms. Male C57BL/6J mice fed HFD were given T17 (2–4 × 108 cfu) intragastrically for 10 weeks. The results showed that the administration of T17 significantly suppressed HFD-induced body weight gain, alleviated HFD-induced increase in serum lipids and decreased energy intake. The serum levels of obesity-related metabolic signaling molecules, including insulin, adiponectin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were markedly improved. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that T17 administration dramatically modulated the gut microbiota, suppressing pathogenic and pro-inflammatory microbes and stimulating the microbes favoring anti-obesity. The weight-reducing efficacy of T17 may be explained by its ability to ameliorate systemic inflammation and insulin resistance mediated by gut microbiota. This study revealed that T17 could ameliorate obesity and the concomitant metabolic syndrome in mice and that the lactic acid bacteria in the sourdough ecosystem may also possess anti-obesity/weight-reducing properties.

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Hernández-Delgado, Natalia C., Edgar Torres-Maravilla, Lino Mayorga-Reyes, Rebeca Martín, Philippe Langella, Ricardo Pérez-Pastén-Borja, María E. Sánchez-Pardo, and Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán. "Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Probiotic Candidate Strains Isolated during Fermentation of Agave (Agave angustifolia Haw)." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9051063.

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Agave species are a source of diverse products for human use, such as food, fiber, and beverages, which include mezcal, a distilled beverage produced by spontaneous fermentation. Agave is an excellent source of high amounts of sugars, minerals, and phenolic compounds, which favor the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast communities. In this work, 20 promising LAB strains with probiotic characteristics were isolated from the agave fermentation stage in mezcal production. The strains belonged to Lactobacillus plantarum (15), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (2), Enterococcus faecium (2), and Lactococcus lactis (1). These isolates were characterized for their resistance under gastrointestinal conditions, such as lysozyme, acid pH, and bile salts. In addition, the adherence of these LABs to human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 and HT-29 cells) was tested in vitro and their antioxidant and immunomodulatory profile was determined using cellular models. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LM07 and Lactobacillus plantarum LM17 and LM19 strains were selected for their antioxidant properties, and their capacities in an oxidative stress model in intestinal epithelial cells IECs (Caco-2 and HT-29 cells) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were evaluated. Interestingly, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LM07 and Lactobacillus plantarum LM17 and LM19 strains showed anti-inflammatory properties in TNF-α-stimulated HT-29 cells. Subsequently, bacterial strains exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were tested in vivo in a mouse model with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced chronic colitis. Weight loss, intestinal permeability, and cytokine profiles were measured in mice as indicators of inflammation. One of the selected strains, Lactobacillus plantarum LM17, improved the health of the mice, as observed by reduced weight loss, and significantly decreased intestinal permeability. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of LAB (and lactobacilli in particular) isolated from the agave fermentation stage in mezcal production. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LM07 and Lactobacillus plantarum LM17 strains represent potential candidates for developing new probiotic supplements to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Peng, Mengfei, Seong-Ho Lee, Shaik O. Rahaman, and Debabrata Biswas. "Dietary probiotic and metabolites improve intestinal homeostasis and prevent colorectal cancer." Food & Function 11, no. 12 (2020): 10724–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo02652b.

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Metabolites from Lactobacillus casei display substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation and growth, and modulate gut microfloral composition, specifically reducing sulfidogenic bacteria.

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De Marco, Stefania, Marzia Sichetti, Diana Muradyan, Miranda Piccioni, Giovanna Traina, Rita Pagiotti, and Donatella Pietrella. "Probiotic Cell-Free Supernatants Exhibited Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity on Human Gut Epithelial Cells and Macrophages Stimulated with LPS." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (July 4, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1756308.

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The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing all over the world, especially in industrialized countries. The aim of the present work was to verify the anti-inflammatory activity of metabolites. In particular, cell-free supernatants ofLactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei,Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri, andSaccharomyces boulardiihave been investigated. Metabolites produced by these probiotics were able to downregulate the expression of PGE-2 and IL-8 in human colon epithelial HT-29 cells. Moreover, probiotic supernatants can differently modulate IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 production by human macrophages, suggesting a peculiar anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, supernatants showed a significant dose-dependent radical scavenging activity. This study suggests one of the mechanisms by which probiotics exert their anti-inflammatory activity affecting directly the intestinal epithelial cells and the underlying macrophages. This study provides a further evidence to support the possible use of probiotic metabolites in preventing and downregulating intestinal inflammation as adjuvant in anti-inflammatory therapy.

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Lin Ho, Xing, and Wai Mun Loke. "Combination of Specific Probiotic Strains and Dietary Polyphenols Exhibit Synergistic Cellular Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials." International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 16, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ijpp2641-7197.16:31-38.

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Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Dietary polyphenols and probiotics have been shown in the past to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, little is known if dietary polyphenols and probiotics could exert synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study examined the possible synergism between specific dietary polyphenols and probiotic strains in alleviating cellular oxidative and inflammatory damages. Antioxidant potentials were determined by measuring the extent of inhibition of cellular F₂-isoprostanes and formation of lipid hydroperoxides. Anti-inflammatory potentials were determined by measuring the inhibitory extent of cellular leukotriene B4 formation and myeloperoxidase activity. Freshly isolated human neutrophils were treated with specific polyphenols (epicatechin, hesperidin, quercetin, and resveratrol, all at 10µmol/L) and probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum, both at 10⁹ CFU/L), individually and paired. Individually, the polyphenols and probiotic strains significantly decreased the formations of cellular F₂-isoprostanes, lipid hydroperoxides, leukotriene B₄, and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity. We have observed that L. acidophilus demonstrated significantly stronger antioxidant but weaker anti-inflammatory potentials than B. longum. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials did not differ between the polyphenols. The combined polyphenols and probiotics exhibited synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. When combined with specific polyphenols, L. acidophilus exerted significantly stronger antioxidant and weaker anti-inflammatory potentials than B. longum.

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Kim, Ki-Tae, Jin-Woo Kim, Sun-Il Kim, Seonyoung Kim, Trung Hau Nguyen, and Chang-Ho Kang. "Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Canine and Feline Feces." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091971.

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Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses. It plays an important role in numerous disease states, including chronic kidney disease, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to have prominent antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory potential of LAB isolated from animals for the efficient use of probiotics with host specificity. Antioxidant activity measurements of sixteen strains revealed that ABTS radical scavenging activities ranged from 26.3 to 57.4%, and DPPH free radical scavenging activities ranged from 4.7 to 13.5%. Based on the antioxidant activity assessment, five strains (Enterococcus faecium MG9003(YH9003), Enterococcus faecium MG9007(YH9007), Lactobacillus reuteri MG9012(YH9012), Lactobacillus fermentum MG9014(YH9014), and Pediococcus pentosaceus MG9015(YH9015)) were selected with the consideration of fermentation productivity (>1 × 109 CFU/g). The selected strains exhibited nitric oxide inhibition and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase expression. Furthermore, probiotic properties, including intestinal adhesion and stability, were identified. Our results show that the selected animal-derived strains can be effective probiotic candidates for potential effects on animal hosts.

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Aparicio-García, Natalia, Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga, Juana Frias, Laura Crespo Perez, Cristina Fernández Fernández, Claudio Alba, Juan Miguel Rodríguez, and Elena Peñas. "A Novel Sprouted Oat Fermented Beverage: Evaluation of Safety and Health Benefits for Celiac Individuals." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 2522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082522.

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The safety and health effects for celiac people of a novel beverage (SOFB) developed from sprouted oat flour by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum was explored. In vitro reactivity against anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory potential of SOFB in RAW 264.7 macrophages and Caco-2 cells were evaluated. Immunoreactivity against AGA and antioxidant activity were not detected in SOFB, but it exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. The tolerability and impact of SOFB consumption for 6 months on nutritional status and intestinal microbiota composition were investigated in 10 celiac adults (five treated and five control). SOFB consumption did not adversely affect duodenal mucosa nor the total IgA or anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (IgA-tTG) levels in celiac participants, but it significantly decreased total cholesterol levels at all sampling times and folic acid levels at the end of the study compared to the placebo beverage. SOFB administration also shifted gut microbiota, leading to a higher relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria including the genera Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus in the SOFB group. This study provides supporting evidence of the safety of health benefits of a novel functional beverage produced from sprouted oat.

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Wang, Yuanyuan, Yilin Guo, Hui Chen, Hua Wei, and Cuixiang Wan. "Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 and Bifidobacterium bifidum WBIN03 in relieving colitis by gut microbiota, immune, and anti-oxidative stress." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 5 (May 2018): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0716.

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that is difficult to cure, with rising incidence in recent decades. Probiotics have become a new strategy for UC treatment. In this study, we chose 2 new multisource probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 from acid beans and Bifidobacterium bifidum WBIN03 from infant feces, and a mixture of both, to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in a HT-29 cell model and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Compared with the model group, the general relative indices results showed L. plantarum ZDY2013 and B. bifidum WBIN03 have a significant effect on DSS-induced UC in mice, by downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) and upregulating antioxidant factors (e.g., SOD1, SOD2, GPX2) at the transcriptional level. By means of high-throughput sequencing (16S V3–V4) and systematical bioinformatics analyses, we found that colitis may be associated with the changes in intestinal flora, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroides. Administration of L. plantarum ZDY2013 increased the abundance of Lactobacillus animalis, whereas B. bifidum WBIN03 increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae bacterium COE1. Our results revealed that a supplement of L. plantarum ZDY2013 and B. bifidum WBIN03 remit UC through modification of gut microbiota to regulate oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators.

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Son, Hye-ran, and Sang-Mo Kang. "Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Heat-Killed Cells Derived from Mulkimchi." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 27, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 868–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2021.27.4.868.

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In order to use lactic acid bacteria isolated from Mulkimchi as a raw material for cosmetics, strain screening was carried out. And we measured the antioxidant activity of the lactic acid bacteria heat-killed cells obtained by heating lactic acid bacteria isolated from Mulkimchi. Among lactic acid bacteria derived from Mulkimchi, 41 strains were selected based on the culture suitability such as growth rate and antibiotic resistance. DPPH assay, ABTS assay, nitrite radical scavenging activity assay, and total phenolic contents were measured for 41 strains. Based on Lactobacillus plantarum LP299v, 1 strain was selected through DPPH assay, 1 strain through ABTS assay, 1 strain through nitrite radical scavenging activity assay, and 1 strain through total phenolic contents measurement. Among these, we isolated Lactobacillus sp. P100, which showed excellent antioxidant activity in all experimental methods, and the result of identification through 16s rRNA showed Lactobacillus plantarum. The strain showed 3-10% better antioxidant activity than Lactobacillus plantarum LP299v. And we measured the cell toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity. Lactobacillus sp. P100 showed the lowest cell toxicity and the highest NO production inhibitory rate. In other words, we could isolate lactic acid bacteria that can be used as an antioxidant ingredient in cosmetics from Mulkimchi.

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Talib, Mohamad, Yeap, Hussin, Aziz, Masarudin, Sharifuddin, Hui, Ho, and Alitheen. "Isolation and Characterization of Lactobacillus spp. from Kefir Samples in Malaysia." Molecules 24, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142606.

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Kefir is a homemade, natural fermented product comprised of a probiotic bacteria and yeast complex. Kefir consumption has been associated with many advantageous properties to general health, including as an antioxidative, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor moiety. This beverage is commonly found and consumed by people in the United States of America, China, France, Brazil, and Japan. Recently, the consumption of kefir has been popularized in other countries including Malaysia. The microflora in kefir from different countries differs due to variations in culture conditions and the starter media. Thus, this study was aimed at isolating and characterizing the lactic acid bacteria that are predominant in Malaysian kefir grains via macroscopic examination and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The results revealed that the Malaysian kefir grains are dominated by three different strains of Lactobacillus strains, which are Lactobacillus harbinensis, Lactobacillusparacasei, and Lactobacillus plantarum. The probiotic properties of these strains, such as acid and bile salt tolerances, adherence ability to the intestinal mucosa, antibiotic resistance, and hemolytic test, were subsequently conducted and extensively studied. The isolated Lactobacillus spp. from kefir H maintained its survival rate within 3 h of incubation at pH 3 and pH 4 at 98.0 ± 3.3% and 96.1 ± 1.7% of bacteria growth and exhibited the highest survival at bile salt condition at 0.3% and 0.5%. The same isolate also showed high adherence ability to intestinal cells at 96.3 ± 0.01%, has antibiotic resistance towards ampicillin, penicillin, and tetracycline, and showed no hemolytic activity. In addition, the results of antioxidant activity tests demonstrated that isolated Lactobacillus spp. from kefir G possessed high antioxidant activities for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazine (DPPH) assay compared to other isolates. From these data, all Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Malaysian kefir serve as promising candidates for probiotics foods and beverage since they exhibit potential probiotic properties and antioxidant activities.

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John, Shani Kunjamma, Vani Chandrapragasam, and Pinaki Dey. "Impact of Gut Microbiome Lactobacillus spp. in Brain Function and its Medicament towards Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 1029–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.3.02.

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Alzheimer’s disease is neurodegenerative dementia which has significant health complications in the old age group. An imbalance in gut microbiota can influence to cause several diseases like chronic disorders, depression, type II diabetics, and neurological disorders like AD. Aging is one of the major causes of the development of neurodegenerative disease due to the decreasing levels of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and apoptosis. These harmful effects of aging can be prevented by probiotics usage. The gut-microbiota is capable to control the brain function through the gut-brain axis. Lactobacillus strains are considered as beneficial microorganism because of its importance of the maintenance in healthy intestinal microflora, immunomodulation, and intestinal pathogenic intervention. They have diverse applications in the medical field with properties like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus strains shows an optimistic trend to use it as a significant therapy for cognitive symptoms. This review article put forwards the significance of the gut-brain axis and the contribution of Lactobacillus strains as a probiotic supplement and its therapeutic innovations for future aspects and the limitation to treat AD-related pathogenesis are briefly elucidated.

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Han, Kyoung Jun, Ji-Eun Lee, Na-Kyoung Lee, and Hyun-Dong Paik. "Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum KU15149 Derived from Korean Homemade Diced-Radish Kimchi." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 30, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2002.02052.

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Lin, Yen-You, Sunny Li-Yun Chang, Shan-Chi Liu, David Achudhan, You-Shan Tsai, Shih-Wei Lin, Yen-Lien Chen, et al. "Therapeutic Effects of Live Lactobacillus plantarum GKD7 in a Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 3170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153170.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful, progressive chronic inflammatory disease marked by cartilage destruction. Certain synovial inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, promote OA inflammation and pain. Lactobacillus spp. is a well-known probiotic with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and antiosteoporotic properties. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of a live L. plantarum strain (GKD7) in the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA rat model. The results show that oral administration of live L. plantarum GKD7 improved weight-bearing asymmetry after ACLT surgery. Moreover, micro-computed tomography images and histopathological analysis show that oral live L. plantarum GKD7 improved subchondral bone architecture, protected articular cartilage against ACLT-induced damage, and reduced synovial inflammation. L. plantarum GKD7 also reduced IL-1β and TNF-α production in OA cartilage and synovium. Thus, orally administered live L. plantarum GKD7 appears to effectively slow the progression of OA.

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Wu, Cheng-Hsi, Jiunn-Liang Ko, Jiuan-Miaw Liao, Shiang-Suo Huang, Meei-Yn Lin, Ling-Hui Lee, Li-Yu Chang, and Chu-Chyn Ou. "D-methionine alleviates cisplatin-induced mucositis by restoring the gut microbiota structure and improving intestinal inflammation." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 11 (January 2019): 175883591882102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758835918821021.

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Background: There are close links between chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and microbiota dysbiosis. Previous studies indicated that D-methionine was an excellent candidate for a chemopreventive agent. Here, we investigated the effects of D-methionine on cisplatin-induced mucositis. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats (176–200 g, 6 weeks old) were given cisplatin (5 mg/kg) and treated with D-methionine (300 mg/kg). Histopathological, digestive enzymes activity, oxidative/antioxidant status, proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines in intestinal tissues were measured. Next-generation sequencing technologies were also performed to investigate the gut microbial ecology. Results: D-methionine administration increased villus length and crypt depth and improved digestive enzyme (leucine aminopeptidase, sucrose and alkaline phosphatase) activities in the brush-border membrane of cisplatin-treated rats ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, D-methionine significantly attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction and increased interleukin-10 levels in cisplatin-induced intestinal mucositis ( p < 0.05). Cisplatin administration resulted in high relative abundances of Deferribacteres and Proteobacteria and a low diversity of the microbiota when compared with control groups, D-methionine only and cisplatin plus D-methionine. Cisplatin markedly increased comparative abundances of Bacteroides caccae, Escherichia coli, Mucispirillum schaedleri, Bacteroides uniformis and Desulfovibrio C21-c20, while Lactobacillus was almost completely depleted, compared with the control group. There were higher abundances of Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridium butyrium in cisplatin plus D-methionine rats than in cisplatin rats. D-methionine treatment alone significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus reuteri. Conclusion: D-methionine protects against cisplatin-induced intestinal damage through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. By enhancing growth of beneficial bacteria (Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus), D-methionine attenuates gut microbiome imbalance caused by cisplatin and maintains gut homeostasis.

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Jang, Gill-Woong, Sun-Il Choi, Xionggao Han, Xiao Men, Hee-Yeon Kwon, Ye-Eun Choi, Na-Yoon Kang, et al. "Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Phellodendron amurense Extract Fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum CM." Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety 36, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2021.36.2.196.

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Zago, M., E. Scaltriti, B. Bonvini, M. E. Fornasari, G. Penna, L. Massimiliano, D. Carminati, M. Rescigno, and G. Giraffa. "Genomic diversity and immunomodulatory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from dairy products." Beneficial Microbes 8, no. 4 (August 24, 2017): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2016.0223.

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In this study, we aimed to investigate some functional characteristics and the immunomodulatory properties of three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum of dairy origin which, in a previous screening, showed to be candidate probiotics. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics, which confirmed the presence of genes involved in folate and riboflavin production and in the immune response of dendritic cells (DCs), prompted us to investigate the ability of the three strains to accumulate the two vitamins and their immunomodulation properties. The ability of the three strains to release antioxidant components in milk was also investigated. Small amounts of folate and riboflavin were produced by the three strains, while they showed a good antioxidant capacity in milk with FRAP method. The immune response experiments well correlated with the presence of candidate genes influencing in DCs cytokine response to L. plantarum. Specifically, the amounts of secreted cytokins by DCs after stimulation with cells of Lp790, Lp813 and Lp998 resulted pro-inflammatory whereas stimulation with culture supernatants (postbiotics) inhibited the release of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and increased the release of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine. This study adds further evidence on the importance of L. plantarum in human health. Understanding how probiotics (or postbiotics) work in preclinical models can allow a rational choice of the different strains for clinical and/or commercial use.

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Sornsenee, Phoomjai, Moragot Chatatikun, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Kantapich Kongpol, Nateelak Kooltheat, Sasirat Sohbenalee, Supawita Pruksaphanrat, Amron Mudpan, and Chonticha Romyasamit. "Lyophilized cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus isolates exhibited antibiofilm, antioxidant, and reduces nitric oxide activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells." PeerJ 9 (November 30, 2021): e12586. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12586.

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Background Probiotics can release bioactive substances known as postbiotics, which can inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, improve immunomodulation, reduce antioxidant production, and modulate the gut microbiota. Methods In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial effects, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory potential of 10 lyophilized cell-free supernatants (LCFS) of Lactobacillus isolates. LCFS was obtained via centrifugation and subsequent lyophilization of the supernatant collected from the culture medium ofeach isolate. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the LCFS were determined using broth microdilution. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by measuring the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and 2,2-Diphennyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+) radical scavenging activities. Results All the isolates were able to inhibit the four tested pathogens. The isolates exhibited strong antibiofilm activity and eradicated the biofilms formed by Acinetobacter buamannii and Escherichia coli. All the prepared Lactobacillus LCFS contained phenols and flavonoids and exhibited antioxidant activities in the DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay revealed that LCFS was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the ten Lactobacillus LCFS decreased the production of nitric oxide. Conclusions All the isolates have beneficial properties. This research sheds light on the role of postbiotics in functional fermented foods and pharmaceutical products. Further research to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms of action of probiotics is warranted.

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Paczkowska-Walendowska, Magdalena, Anna Gościniak, Daria Szymanowska, Dominik Szwajgier, Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik, Piotr Szulc, Dagna Dreczka, Marek Simon, and Judyta Cielecka-Piontek. "Blackberry Leaves as New Functional Food? Screening Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Microbiological Activities in Correlation with Phytochemical Analysis." Antioxidants 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2021): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121945.

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Blackberry fruits are recognized as functional foods while blackberry leaves are outside this classification and they also contain active compounds with health-promoting potential. Therefore, the aim of this study was the phytochemical analysis of blackberry leaves of varieties (Chester, Loch Ness, Loch Tay and Ruczaj) and screening of their biological activity (antioxidant potential, possibility of inhibition of enzymes, anti-inflammatory and microbial activity). The following compounds from selected groups: phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid), flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol) and their glycosides (rutin, isoquercetin, hyperoside) and flavon-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin) were chromatographically determined in the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaves extracts. All tested blackberry leaves extracts showed antioxidant effects, but the highest compounds content (TPC = 101.31 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (e.g., DPPH IC50 = 57.37 μg/mL; ABTS IC50 = 24.83 μg/mL; CUPRAC IC50 = 62.73 μg/mL; FRAP IC50 = 39.99 μg/mL for hydroalcoholic extracts) was indicated for the Loch Tay variety. Blackberry leaf extracts’ anti-inflammatory effect was also exceptionally high for the Loch Tay variety (IC50 = 129.30 μg/mL), while leaves extracts of the Loch Ness variety showed a significant potential for microbial activity against Lactobacillus spp. and Candida spp. Summarizing, the best multidirectional pro-health effect was noted for leaves extracts of Loch Tay variety.

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Carroll, Ian M., Jason M. Andrus, José M. Bruno-Bárcena, Todd R. Klaenhammer, Hosni M. Hassan, and Deborah S. Threadgill. "Anti-inflammatory properties ofLactobacillus gasseriexpressing manganese superoxide dismutase using the interleukin 10-deficient mouse model of colitis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 293, no. 4 (October 2007): G729—G738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00132.2007.

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Emerging evidence has implicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although intestinal epithelial cells produce the ROS-neutralizing enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), the protein and activity levels of copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) and manganese (Mn) SOD are perturbed in inflamed tissues of IBD patients. Thus we investigated the ability of MnSOD from Streptococcus thermophilus to reduce colitis symptoms in interleukin (IL) 10-deficient mice using Lactobacillus gasseri as a delivery vehicle. Cohorts of 13–15 IL-10-deficient mice were left untreated or supplemented with native L. gasseri or L. gasseri expressing MnSOD for 4 wk. Colonic tissue was collected and inflammation was histologically scored. The presence of innate immune cells was investigated by immunohistochemistry and the host antioxidant response was determined by quantitative PCR. It was demonstrated that L. gasseri was stably maintained in mice for at least 3 days. L. gasseri producing MnSOD significantly reduced inflammation in IL-10-deficient mice compared with untreated controls ( P < 0.05), whereas the anti-inflammatory effects of both native and MnSOD producing L. gasseri were more pronounced in males. The anti-inflammatory effects of L. gasseri were associated with a reduction in the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Transcripts of antioxidant genes were equivalent in colonic tissues obtained from control and probiotic-treated IL-10-deficient mice. This study demonstrates that L. gasseri producing MnSOD has significant anti-inflammatory activity that reduces the severity of colitis in the IL-10-deficient mouse.

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Vicas, Simona Ioana, Vasile Laslo, Adrian Vasile Timar, Cornel Balta, Hildegard Herman, Alina Ciceu, Sami Gharbia, et al. "Functional Food Product Based on Nanoselenium-Enriched Lactobacillus casei against Cadmium Kidney Toxicity." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094220.

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This paper demonstrates the ability of a functional food based on probiotics and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to annihilate the toxic effect of cadmium on the kidneys. SeNPs were obtained by eco-friendly method used Lactobacillus casei. The morphological features and size of SeNPS were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Two kind of SeNPs were used, purified and Lacto-SeNPs (LSeNPs), administered by gavage at three concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/Kg b.w.) for 30 days in a mouse model of cadmium renal toxicity. The blood marker of renal injury (creatinine) significantly decreased in groups where the mice were treated with both form of SeNPs. The antioxidant capacity of plasma was evaluated by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay and revealed that SeNPs in co-treatment with Cd, promotes maintaining antioxidant activity at the control level. Histopathological analysis of kidneys demonstrated morphological alteration in the group that received only cadmium and restored after administration of SeNPs or LSeNPs. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed anti-apoptotic effects through reduction of pro-apoptotic bax and increasing of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expressions. Moreover, co-administration of Cd with SeNPs significantly decreased gene expression of kidneys inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-ĸB) in a dose dependent manner, with the best results for LSeNPs at highest dose (0.4 mg/kg). Therefore, the L. casei strain is a potential SeNPs-enriched probiotic for application as functional food in the future to annihilate cadmium-induced kidneys toxicity.

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Barua, Aruna, Md Ruhul Kuddus, M. Mohi Uddin Chowdhury, Mohammad A. Rashid, and Mohammed Ibrahim. "Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Thrombolytic Activities of Eclipta alba L. Growing in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v26i1.64214.

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Eclipta alba L. (Family: Asteraceae) is an evergreen herb of ethnomedicinal significance in the Indian subcontinent. The present study was carried out to determine the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and thrombolytic activities of n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions of ethanol crude extract of E. alba whole plant. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by qualitative tests which revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and amides in E. alba. During the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay, the aqueous soluble fraction of E. alba at a dose of 100 μg/ml showed maximum 87.5% inhibition in scavenging the DPPH radical with IC50 value of 7.86 μg/ml. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by egg albumin denaturation technique and RBC membrane stabilizing method. In both experiments, all the test samples of E. alba showed a concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory potential while the aqueous soluble fraction at the dose of 500 μg/ml demonstrated the maximum 90.12% inhibition of egg albumin denaturation and 78.42% inhibition of RBC membrane hemolysis against hypotonic solution. Antimicrobial sensitivity was evaluated by disc diffusion assay against several bacterial and fungal species. All the test samples at a concentration of 500 μg/disc exhibited noticeable antibacterial (zone of inhibition = 11-23 mm) and antifungal (zone of inhibition = 10-21 mm) activities when compared to the respective standard drug. The aqueous soluble fraction showed maximum activity against Lactobacillus casai (zone of inhibition = 23 mm). During antifungal test, the maximum activity was exhibited by the n-hexane fraction against Pityrosporum ovale (zone of inhibition = 21 mm). During in vitro thrombolytic assay, the aqueous soluble fraction revealed 56.84% lysis of blood clot, as compared to the standard streptokinase (84.60%). The results of our study suggest that E. alba can be considered for further investigation in order to discover the pharmacologically active natural products. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26(1): 20-27, 2023 (January)

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Wu, Chun-Ching, Yu-Tang Tung, Sheng-Yi Chen, Wei-Ting Lee, Hsin-Tang Lin, and Gow-Chin Yen. "Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Microbiota-Modulating Effects of Camellia Oil from Camellia brevistyla on Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats." Antioxidants 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010058.

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Altering the microbiota by the daily diet is highly associated with improved human health. Studies confirms the gastrointestinal protective and anti-inflammatory effects of camellia oil; however, the benefits in gut microbiota remain unclear. Camellia oils of Camellia oleifera (PCO) and C. brevistyla (TCCO) were used to evaluate probiotic growth in vitro. In addition, the protective effects of camellia oils in the acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis rat model were investigated. In vitro fermentation study showed the proliferation of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. from human intestinal microbiota was increased after TCCO treatment. Moreover, the rats pretreated with TCCO exhibited significantly less AA-induced colonic injury and hemorrhage, higher serum immunoglobulin G 1 (IgG 1) levels, lower malondialdehyde levels, and lower inflammatory cytokine production in the colon tissue compared with those in the PCO group. Surprising, the protective effect against acetic acid-induced colitis by TCCO was similar to sulfasalazine (positive control) treatment. Moreover, TCCO increased the richness and diversity of probiotics in gut microbiota. TCCO alleviated AA-induced colitis by modulating gut microbiota, reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses.

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Zago, Miriam, Lucia Massimiliano, Barbara Bonvini, Giuseppe Penna, Giorgio Giraffa, and Maria Rescigno. "Functional characterization and immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from Italian hard cheeses." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): e0245903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245903.

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Lactobacillus helveticus carries many properties such as the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit, modulate the host immune response, accumulate biopeptides in milk, and adhere to the epithelial cells that could contribute to improving host health. In this study, the applicability as functional cultures of four L. helveticus strains isolated from Italian hard cheeses was investigated. A preliminary strain characterization showed that the ability to produce folate was generally low while antioxidant, proteolytic, peptidase, and β-galactosidase activities resulted high, although very variable, between strains. When stimulated moDCs were incubated in the presence of live cells, a dose-dependent release of both the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p70 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, was shown for all the four strains. In the presence of cell-free culture supernatants (postbiotics), a dose-dependent, decrease of IL-12p70 and an increase of IL-10 was generally observed. The immunomodulatory effect took place also in Caciotta-like cheese made with strains SIM12 and SIS16 as bifunctional (i.e., immunomodulant and acidifying) starter cultures, thus confirming tests in culture media. Given that the growth of bacteria in the cheese was not necessary (they were killed by pasteurization), the results indicated that some constituents of non-viable bacteria had immunomodulatory properties. This study adds additional evidence for the positive role of L. helveticus on human health and suggests cheese as a suitable food for delivering candidate strains and modulating their anti-inflammatory properties.

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Cao, L., X. H. Wu, Y. L. Bai, X. Y. Wu, and S. B. Gu. "Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of probiotic powder containing Lactobacillus plantarum 1.2567 in necrotic enteritis model of broiler chickens." Livestock Science 223 (May 2019): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.03.009.

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Valcarce, David G., Marta F. Riesco, Juan M. Martínez-Vázquez, and Vanesa Robles. "Long Exposure to a Diet Supplemented with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Probiotics Improves Sperm Quality and Progeny Survival in the Zebrafish Model." Biomolecules 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080338.

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The aim of the present experiment is to study the effects of oral ingestion of a mixture of two probiotic bacteria on sperm quality and progenies. Three homogeneous groups of juvenile zebrafish were created. Once having reached adulthood (3 months postfertilization; mpf), each group received different feeding regimens: a standard diet (control), a maltodextrin-supplemented diet (vehicle control), or a probiotic-supplemented diet (a mixture (1:1) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT8361 and Bifidobacterium longum CECT7347). The feeding regime lasted 4.5 months. Growth parameters (weight and length) were determined at 3, 5, and 7.5 mpf. Sperm motility was evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis at 5 and 7.5 mpf. Progeny survival, hatching rate, and malformation rate were also evaluated. Results showed that probiotic-supplemented diet improved growth parameters compared with the standard diet. The highest percentage of motile spermatozoa was reported in the probiotic-fed group. Concomitantly, the percentage of fast sperm subpopulation was significantly lower in samples derived from control males. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in progeny survival between the probiotic-fed group and the control group at three developmental times (24 hours postfertilization (hpf), 5 days postfertilization (dpf) and 7 dpf). In conclusion, in zebrafish, prolonged ingestion of a mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT8361 and Bifidobacterium longum CECT7347 has positive effects on growth, sperm quality, and progeny survival.

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Shilpa Merlyn Jose, Hannah.R, and Rajeshkumar S. "Preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles using punica granatum and elettaria cardamomum fruit extract and determining its antibacterial activity against lactobacillus." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 3372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2473.

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To determine the antibacterial activity of Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesised using Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum fruit extract against Lactobacillus. Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum have been known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The phytochemicals present in these fruits have experimented for the preparation of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Zinc oxide is a widely used metal oxide nanoparticle known for its good antimicrobial activity against a host of microbes. The current study was conducted to determine its effect against Lactobacillus, a bacteria known for its role in the progression of dental caries. Preparation of fruit extract mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles. Determining the characteristics of the nanoparticles using UV spectroscopy and SEM. Analysing the activity of these nanoparticles against Lactobacillus using agar well diffusion method. The zone of inhibition increased if the concentration of the fruit mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles increased. But it was incomparable to the standards. Hence, further studies need to be conducted using different concentration of Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum to determine the optimum fruit extract required for the preparation of the nanoparticles. The resultant nanoparticles can be used as an effective antimicrobial agent against Lactobacillus

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Huang, Hui-Yu, Mallikarjuna Korivi, Chun-Han Tsai, Jo-Hsuan Yang, and Ying-Chieh Tsai. "Supplementation ofLactobacillus plantarumK68 and Fruit-Vegetable Ferment along with High Fat-Fructose Diet Attenuates Metabolic Syndrome in Rats with Insulin Resistance." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/943020.

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Lactobacillus plantarumK68 (isolated fromfu-tsai) and fruit-vegetable ferment (FVF) have been tested for antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties in a rat model of insulin resistance, induced by chronic high fat-fructose diet. Fifty rats were equally assigned into control (CON), high fat-fructose diet (HFFD), HFFD plus K68, HFFD plus FVF, and HFFD plus both K68 and FVF (MIX) groups. Respective groups were orally administered with K68 (1×109 CFU/0.5 mL) or FVF (180 mg/kg) or MIX for 8 weeks. We found that HFFD-induced increased bodyweights were prevented, and progressively increased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were reversed (P<0.01) by K68 and FVF treatments. Elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and HOMA-IR values were controlled in supplemented groups. Furthermore, dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) with HFFD, was significantly (P<0.01) attenuated with MIX. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), were controlled (P<0.01) by K68, FVF, and MIX treatments. Moreover, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were substantially (P<0.01) restored by all treatments. Experimental evidences demonstrate that K68 and FVF may be effective alternative medicine to prevent HFFD-induced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia, possibly associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacies.

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Sorrenti, Vincenzo, Sawan Ali, Laura Mancin, Sergio Davinelli, Antonio Paoli, and Giovanni Scapagnini. "Cocoa Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interplay: Bioavailability, Prebiotic Effect, and Impact on Human Health." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12071908.

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Cocoa and its products are rich sources of polyphenols such as flavanols. These compounds exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, accountable for cocoa health-promoting effects. However, cocoa polyphenols are poorly absorbed in the intestine, and most of them cannot reach the systemic circulation in their natural forms. Instead, their secondary bioactive metabolites are bioavailable, enter the circulation, reach the target organs, and exhibit their activities. In fact, once reaching the intestine, cocoa polyphenols interact bidirectionally with the gut microbiota. These compounds can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota exerting prebiotic mechanisms. They enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the number of pathogenic ones, such as Clostridium perfringens. On the other hand, bioactive cocoa metabolites can enhance gut health, displaying anti-inflammatory activities, positively affecting immunity, and reducing the risk of various diseases. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge of the bidirectional interaction between cocoa polyphenols and gut microbiota with their various health outcomes.

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Hashemi, Seyed Mohammad Bagher, Dornoush Jafarpour, and Mohammad Jouki. "Improving bioactive properties of peach juice using Lactobacillus strains fermentation: Antagonistic and anti-adhesion effects, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and Maillard reaction inhibition." Food Chemistry 365 (December 2021): 130501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130501.

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Wang, Ranran, Kexiang Zhou, Rongrong Xiong, Yi Yang, Ruokun Yi, Jing Hu, Wei Liao, and Xin Zhao. "Pretreatment with Lactobacillus fermentum XY18 Relieves Gastric Injury Induced by HCl/Ethanol in Mice via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms." Drug Design, Development and Therapy Volume 14 (December 2020): 5721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s280429.

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Huang, Shih-Yi, Li-Han Chen, Ming-Fu Wang, Chih-Chieh Hsu, Ching-Hung Chan, Jia-Xian Li, and Hui-Yu Huang. "Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 Delays Progression of Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Senescence Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice." Nutrients 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070894.

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Probiotic supplements are potential therapeutic agents for age-related disorders due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of probiotics on age-related brain dysfunction remains unclear. To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 (LPPS23) on the progression of age-related cognitive decline, male and female senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the control and PS23 groups. From the age of 16 weeks, these groups were given saline and LPPS23, respectively, because SAMP8 mice start aging rapidly after four months of age. After 12 weeks of treatment, we evaluated the effect of LPPS23 by analyzing their appearance, behavior, neural monoamines, anti-oxidative enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines. The PS23 group showed lower scores of senescence and less serious anxiety-like behaviors and memory impairment compared to the control group. The control mice also showed lower levels of neural monoamines in the striatum, hippocampus, and serum. Moreover, LPPS23 induced the anti-oxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) and lower levels of interleukin (IL)-10 indicated that LPPS23 modulated the inflammation. Our results suggest that LPPS23 supplements could delay age-related cognitive decline, possibly by preventing oxidation and inflammation and modulating gut–brain axis communication.

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Wang, Min, Jianjun Zhou, Noelia Pallarés, Christine Bäuerl, Maria Carmen Collado, Basharat Nabi Dar, and Francisco J. Barba. "Role of Extracts Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Sole Side Streams by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Pulsed Electric Fields on Modulating Bacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities." Separations 8, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8100187.

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In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and pulsed electric field (PEF) were used as innovative approaches to recover extracts from rainbow trout and sole side streams rich in high-added-value compounds. Then, after aseptic filtration, the impact of the obtained extracts on bacterial growth and anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated. Moreover, the protein content and the total antioxidant capacity of the samples were determined. The results showed that some extracts could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, including the ASE rainbow trout skin and the PEF sole viscera extracts, which showed significant antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus. The PEF sole viscera extract also showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of Salmonella. In addition, some extracts promoted probiotic bacteria growth. For example, the PEF rainbow trout head and skin extracts promoted Lactobacillus casei growth, while the ASE rainbow trout head and skin extracts promoted Bifidobacterium lactis growth. In addition, some samples, such as the ASE rainbow trout viscera and the PEF sole skin extracts had interesting anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the use of ASE and PEF can be considered as useful strategies to recover antimicrobial, prebiotic and anti-inflammatory extracts from rainbow trout and sole side streams, although it is necessary to evaluate each specific side stream.

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Jung, Da-Bin, Hwa-Jung Choi, and Mi-Young Yun. "Study on Efficacy Evaluation of Deramal Bioactive Properties of the Prunus tomentosa Fruits Fermented with Lactobacillus acidphilus." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 27, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2021.27.4.949.

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The materials fermented with natural products have been used in a variety of cosmetic applications as a whitening, wrinkle and inflammatory agent. Prunus tomentosa fruits have been used as a traditional medicine for anti-oxidant and have been reported to possess anti-microbial properties. This study investigated the deramal bioactive properties of the Prunus tomentosa fruits fermented with Lactobacillus acidphilus (PTF). The antioxidant activity of the PTF was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The cytotoxicity of human dermal fibroblast cell, murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and B16-F10 melanoma cells were evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Inhibitory effect of the PTF on nitric oxide (NO) prodction was evaluated by Griess Reagent System. The collagen synthesis was evaluated by using procollagen type-IC peptide (PIP) EIA kit. The tyrosinase activity, inhibitory effect of elastase and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced matrixmelloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) were also evaluated. It found that the PTF showed antioxidant activity without showing significant cytotoxicity in tested cells. The PTF were downregulated NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages with nocytotoxicity (p<0.05). The PTF significantly induced collagen synthesis from the skin fibroblasts (p<0.05) and also dramatically inhibited MMP-1 activity (p<0.05). The PTF were inhibited activity of elastase and dramatically decreased melanin synthesis with inhibition of tyrosinase activity (p<0.05) and didn’t show cytotoxicity in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Therefore, the PTF showed bioactive properties on anti-oxidant, whitening, skin elasticity and anti-wrinkle efficacy. The PTF may be an appropriate choice for cosmetic products that aim to provide dermal bioactive effects.

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Li, Binbin, Li-Long Pan, and Jia Sun. "Novel Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Were Identified from Healthy Infant Feces and Exhibited Anti-Inflammatory Capacities." Antioxidants 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071246.

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The current study aims to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from infant feces, and select candidates to be used as potential antioxidants for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases; To meet the criteria for probiotic attributes, the isolates were subjected to various in vitro tests and 16S rRNA genotypic characterization. Besides, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of selected isolates were separately assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot; The selected strains belonged to Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. Notably, three selected strains (L. gasseri FWJL-4, L. plantarum Fjias-5 and L. rhamnosus FSJ-13) particularly L. gasseri FWJL-4 significantly down-regulated mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β. Most importantly, three strains-treated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages displayed enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced H2O2 production, which were associated with the enhanced expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1; Three selected strains, particularly L. gasseri FWJL-4, are good candidates that merit additional in vivo investigation for the validation and application of their health-promoting effects.

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Negm El-Dein, Asmaa, Asmaa Ezzat, Hanan Farouk Aly, Eman A. Younis, Ghada A. Awad, and Mohamed A. M. Farid. "Hypouricemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of Lactobacillus-based functional yogurt in induced-arthritic male Wistar rats: Therapeutic and protective potentials." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 47 (January 2023): 102597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102597.

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Valcarce, David G., Marta F. Riesco, Juan M. Martínez-Vázquez, and Vanesa Robles. "Diet Supplemented with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Probiotics Improves Sperm Quality after Only One Spermatogenic Cycle in Zebrafish Model." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2019): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040843.

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Infertility is a medical concern worldwide and could also have economic consequences in farmed animals. Developing an efficient diet supplement with immediate effects on sperm quality is a promising tool for human reproduction and for domesticated animal species. This study aims at elucidating the effect of a short-time probiotic supplementation consisting of a mixture of two probiotic bacteria with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on zebrafish sperm quality and male behavior. For this purpose, three homogeneous groups of males in terms of motility (<60%) were established. The control group was fed with a normal standard diet. The other received supplements: One group (vehicle control) was fed with maltodextrin and the other received a probiotic preparation based on a mixture (1:1) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT8361 and Bifidobacterium longum CECT7347. The feeding regime was 21 days corresponding with a single spermatogenesis in zebrafish. The preparation did not modify animal weight, positively affected the number of fluent males, increased sperm concentration, total motility, progressive motility, and fast spermatozoa subpopulations. Moreover, the animals fed with the supplement showed different behavior patterns compared to control groups. Our results suggest a diet-related modulation on the exploration activity indicating a lower stress-like conduct. The studied formulation described here should be considered as advantageous in male reproductive biotechnology.

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Lim, Hye-Won, Yu-Hua Huang, Gyuri Kyeong, Minsik Park, and Chang-Jin Lim. "Comparative Insights into the Skin Beneficial Properties of Probiotic Lactobacillus Isolates of Skin Origin." BioMed Research International 2022 (May 13, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7728789.

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In recent times, probiotics have been emerging as one of valuable cosmetic resources. This work was undertaken to evaluate and compare the skin beneficial properties of three Lactobacillus strains, namely, L. plantarum SB202, L. fermentum SB101, and L. paraplantarum SB401, originally isolated from the healthy skins of Koreans. The Lactobacillus isolates were individually grown in MRS broth, and the corresponding cell-free conditioned mediums (CMs), LP202, LF101 and LPP401, were prepared for analyzing diverse cosmetic potentials at a comparative perspective. The superoxide radical and nitrite ion scavenging activities of the CMs were in the orders of LPP 401 ≥ LF 101 > LP 202 and LPP 401 > LF 101 ≒ LPP 202 , respectively. They attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrite ion levels in RAW264.7 murine macrophages both in the order of LPP 401 ≥ LF 101 > LP 202 , implying their anti-inflammatory properties. They exhibited antityrosinase activities in the order of LPP 401 > LF 101 ≥ LP 202 and diminished α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin levels in B16F10 melanoma cells in the order of LPP 401 ≒ LF 101 > LP 202 , suggesting their skin whitening activities. They enhanced cornfield envelope formation in HaCaT keratinocytes in the order of LPP 401 > LF 101 > LP 202 . They inhibited the in vitro hyaluronidase and elastase activities in the orders of LPP 401 > LP 202 ≥ LF 101 and LPP 401 ≥ LP 202 > LF 101 , respectively. Their enhancing properties on the synthesis of procollagen type I in normal human dermal fibroblasts were in the order of LF 101 ≒ LPP 401 > > LP 202 . The CMs possess various cosmetic characteristics, such as antioxidant, skin whitening, antiaging, barrier improving, and anti-inflammatory activities. LPP401, the CM prepared from L. paraplantarum SB401, has been evaluated to be more desirable cosmetic resource than LP202 and LF101.

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Zhang, Sitong, Chunfeng Wang, Yang Sun, Gang Wang, Huan Chen, Dan Li, Xiaoxiao Yu, and Guang Chen. "Xylanase and Fermented Polysaccharide of Hericium caputmedusae Reduce Pathogenic Infection of Broilers by Improving Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (December 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4296985.

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Background. Pathogenic infection in broilers has become an important issue in the development of poultry industry. Xylooligosaccharides released from xylan via xylanase and fermented polysaccharide of Hericium caputmedusae (FPHC) have antimicrobial potential against many pathogens. Objective. We aimed to explore the effects of xylanase and FPHC on pathogenic infection in the broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus). Methods. Three hundred and thirty 21-day male broilers were assigned into four groups: control group (CG, basic diet), xylanase group (XG, basic diet + xylanase), FPHC group (HG, basic diet + FPHC), and XHG group (basic diet + xylanase + FPHC). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and daily gain (ADG) were measured. Microflora from broiler feces was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-10, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were detected using kits. The variables were compared using the Student t-test between two groups. Results. Microbiological investigations showed that 75% of broilers were affected by bacterial pathogens in the CG group, most notably by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Comparatively, 15%, 26%, and 5% of broilers were affected by bacterial pathogens in the XG, HG, and XHG groups, respectively. Xylanase and FPHC treatment increased the ratio of ADG to ADFI and antioxidant capacity by increasing the levels of T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px and reducing the levels of MDA (P<0.05). Xylanase and FPHC treatment improved anti-inflammatory capacity by increasing serum levels of IL-1ra and IL-10 and reducing the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. On the other hand, the treatment increased probiotic concentration of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus plantarum (P<0.05), which were also proved in cell culture. Conclusions. Xylanase and FPHC ameliorate pathogen infection by increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of broilers via the increase of probiotics.

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Kim, SukJin, Hwan Hee Lee, Wonhyeok Choi, Chang-Ho Kang, Gun-Hee Kim, and Hyosun Cho. "Anti-Tumor Effect of Heat-Killed Bifidobacterium bifidum on Human Gastric Cancer through Akt-p53-Dependent Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Xenograft Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 9788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179788.

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Paraprobiotics, inactivated microbial cells, regulate immune system and exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in patients with weakened immunity or the elderly. This study evaluated the anti-tumor effects of heat-killed Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus on human gastric cancer MKN1 cells in vitro and in vivo in xenograft animal models. First, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MKN1 cells of 11 different heat-killed Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus strains were examined using the MTT assay or flow cytometry, respectively. Then, BALB/c nude mice xenograft animal models were implanted with human gastric cancer MKN1 cells and orally administered a selected single or a mixture of heat-killed bacterial strains to investigate their inhibitory effect on tumor growth. In addition, the expression of p-Akt, p53, Bax, Bak, cleaved caspase-9, -3, and PARP in the tumor tissues was analyzed using Western blotting assay or immunohistochemistry staining. The results show that heat-killed B. bifidum MG731 (MG731), L. reuteri MG5346 (MG5346), and L. rhamnosus MG5200 (MG5200) induced relatively greater apoptosis than other strains in MKN1 cells. Oral administration of a single dose or a mixture of MG731, MG5346, or MG5200 significantly delayed tumor growth, and MG731 had the most effective anti-tumor effect in the xenograft model. Protein expression of p-Akt, p53, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and -9, and PARP in tumors derived from the xenograft model correlated with the results of the immunohistochemistry staining.

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Barrón-Álvarez, Nayeli, Lilia Arely Prado-Barragán, María de los Ángeles Fortis-Barrera, and Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar. "Fermentation of the Cucurbita ficifolia Fruit Juice: Its Antioxidant Activity and Effects on the Glycemia." Beverages 8, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages8030055.

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Cucurbita ficifolia is an edible plant whose fruits have hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Fermentation might improve these properties. This research aims to perform and characterize its fermentation in native and induced conditions with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and evaluate its antioxidant activity and effect on glycemia. Fresh juice from mature fruits was characterized. One portion of this juice was spontaneously left to ferment (native fermentation), and the other was inoculated with Lp (controlled fermentation). Fermentation was monitored each 8 h by 56 h to measure microbial growth, pH, acidity, sugars, soluble protein, polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and effects on glycemia. In native fermentation, the growth of total microorganisms increased up to 32 h, decreasing at the end of the process. In Lp fermentation, total microorganisms increased until 16 h to stay constant at the end, with a predominance of Lp. The pH and the sugars decreased in the two fermentations, while polyphenol and flavonoid increased. In spontaneous fermentation, these changes were lesser. Both fermentations, like fresh juice, preserve functional properties (antioxidant, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and hypoglycemia). The fermentation of this juice with Lp may develop functional beverages, which is significant due to its consumption as an edible fruit with medicinal properties.

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Choi, Yuna, Eunyoung Park, Yohan Yoon, and Jimyeong Ha. "Development of postbiotics by bioconverting whey using Lactobacillus plantarum SMFM2017-YK1 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum SMFM2017-NK1 to alleviate periodontitis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): e0263851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263851.

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This study investigated the effects of whey bioconversion products (WBPs) produced by lactic acid bacteria on periodontal disease. WBPs were prepared by fermenting whey with seven lactic acid bacteria, Limosilactobacillus fermentum SMFM2017-CK1 (LF-CK1), L. plantarum SMFM2017-NK2 (LP-NK2), Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2017-NK1 (PP-NK1), L. plantarum SMFM2017-NK1 (LP-NK1), L. paraplantarum SMFM2017-YK1 (LPP-YK1), L. plantarum SMFM2017-YK1 (LP-YK1), and L. fermentum SMFM2017-NK1 (LF-NK1)]; the pH of the fermented whey was adjusted to 6.5, followed by centrifugation. WBPs were examined for their effect on cell viability and antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens. The selected WBPs were used in animal experiments. After inducing periodontitis through right mandibular first molar ligation, WBPs were administered orally for 8 weeks. After sacrifice, gene and protein expression analyses of genes related to inflammatory and oxidative stress were performed, and histopathological analysis of gingival tissue was conducted. Our results showed that LP-YK1 WBP (WBP produced by LP-YK1) and LF-NK1 WBP (WBP produced by LF-NK1) groups exerted higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed that infiltration of inflammatory cells and epithelial cell proliferation were reduced in the LP-YK1 WBP group. These results indicate that WBPs prepared with LP-YK1 can be used as a postbiotic to alleviate periodontitis.

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Kim, Su-Lim, Hack Sun Choi, Yu-Chan Ko, Bong-Sik Yun, and Dong-Sun Lee. "5-Hydroxymaltol Derived from Beetroot Juice through Lactobacillus Fermentation Suppresses Inflammatory Effect and Oxidant Stress via Regulating NF-kB, MAPKs Pathway and NRF2/HO-1 Expression." Antioxidants 10, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081324.

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Inflammation is the first response of the immune system against bacterial pathogens. This study isolated and examined an antioxidant derived from Lactobacillus fermentation products using cultured media with 1% beet powder. The antioxidant activity of the beet culture media was significantly high. Antioxidant activity-guided purification and repeated sample isolation yielded an isolated compound, which was identified as 5-hydoxymaltol using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. We examined the mechanism of its protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of macrophages. 5-Hydroxymaltol suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It also suppressed tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the messenger RNA and protein levels in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Furthermore, 5-hydroxymaltol reduced LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as increased nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 expression. Overall, this study found that 5-hydroxymaltol has anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production depending on the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, inhibition of LPS-induced reactive oxygen species production, inhibition of LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase induction, and induction of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway. Our data showed that 5-hydroxymaltol may be an effective compound for treating inflammation-mediated diseases.

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Tsao, Shu-Ping, Bira Arumndari Nurrahma, Ravi Kumar, Chieh-Hsi Wu, Tu-Hsueh Yeh, Ching-Chi Chiu, Yen-Peng Lee, et al. "Probiotic Enhancement of Antioxidant Capacity and Alterations of Gut Microbiota Composition in 6-Hydroxydopamin-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rats." Antioxidants 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111823.

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Oxidative stress plays a key role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which may be aggravated by concomitant PD-associated gut dysbiosis. Probiotics and prebiotics are therapeutically relevant to these conditions due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiome modulation properties. However, the mechanisms by which probiotic/prebiotic supplementation affects antioxidant capacity and the gut microbiome in PD remains poorly characterized. In this study, we assessed the effects of a Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 probiotic, a prebiotic (dried AP-32 culture medium supernatant), and a probiotic/prebiotic cocktail in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD. The neuroprotective effects and levels of oxidative stress were evaluated after eight weeks of daily supplementation. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The supplements were associated with direct increases in host antioxidant enzyme activities and short-chain fatty acid production, protected dopaminergic neurons, and improved motor functions. The supplements also altered the fecal microbiota composition, and some specifically enriched commensal taxa correlated positively with superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity, indicating supplementation also promotes antioxidant activity via an indirect pathway. Therefore, L. salivarius AP-32 supplementation enhanced the activity of host antioxidant enzymes via direct and indirect modes of action in rats with 6-OHDA-induced PD.

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Bhavsar, Swati P. "MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF FERULIC ACID AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE MEDIUM PARAMETERS USING FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i6.1938.

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Phenolics are widely distributed in plant kingdom and are therefore, an integral part of the diet, with significant amounts being reported in vegetables, fruits, and beverages. Various phenolic compounds have attracted the attention of food and medical scientists because of their fragrance, aroma, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and ability to combat human diseases. Of these, Ferulic Acid (FA), a hydroxy cinnamic acid (related to trans-cinnamic acid), being natural, is of great demand in the food industry. As a component of lignin, FA is a precursor in the manufacture of other aromatic compounds. In our study, FA was produced using Lactobacillus spp. isolates and standard culture of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014. FA was extracted and partially characterized using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Absorption maxima (λm) analysis and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Further, optimization of the fermentation medium was done using Factorial Fractional Design (FFD). Preliminary confirmation of the extracted FA was done using TLC, spectral analysis and purity assessed by HPLC. FA could be produced using Lactobacillus sp. and agro industrial waste viz., wheat bran, leading to a cost-effective protocol and product. Further, medium was optimized for the production of FA using FFD and it was observed that medium containing5.75% Wheat bran & 0.18% Tween 80 is optimum for the production of FA. The antimicrobial activity of FA was noteworthy against Aspergillus flavus and E. coli.

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Xu, Yuanyuan, Xirong Cao, Haoan Zhao, Erlin Yang, Yue Wang, Ni Cheng, and Wei Cao. "Impact of Camellia japonica Bee Pollen Polyphenols on Hyperuricemia and Gut Microbiota in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Mice." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 2665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082665.

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Camellia japonica bee pollen is one of the major types of bee pollen in China and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aims of our study were to evaluate the effects and the possible mechanism of Camellia japonica bee pollen polyphenols on the treatment of hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonate (PO). The results showed that Camellia japonica bee pollen ethyl acetate extract (CPE-E) owned abundant phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant capabilities. Administration with CPE-E for two weeks greatly reduced serum uric acid and improved renal function. It inhibited liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and regulated the expression of urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and ATP-binding cassette superfamily gmember 2 (ABCG2) in kidneys. Moreover, CPE-E suppressed the activation of the toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathway and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in PO-treated mice, and related inflammatory cytokines were reduced. CPE-E also modulated gut microbiota structure, showing that the abundance of Lactobacillus and Clostridiaceae increased in hyperuicemic mice. This study was conducted to explore the protective effect of CPE-E on hyperuricemia and provide new thoughts for the exploitation of Camellia japonica bee pollen.

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Yu, Xiaohan, Xiaolin Liang, Kunchen Han, Fengcui Shi, Ning Meng, and Quanyang Li. "Anti-Aging Effect of Dietary Fiber Compound Mediated by Guangxi Longevity Diet Pattern on Natural Aging Mice." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 3181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153181.

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A series of previous studies by our team has shown that the Guangxi longevity diet pattern contributes to the improvement of human health, but the role of dietary fiber compounds (DFC) in the anti-aging of this diet pattern has not been studied in depth. Thus, mice were fed with 5%, 15%, and 30% of the characteristic dietary fiber compound (CDFC) (compounded according to the longevity diet pattern) for 8 weeks, and their learning memory capacity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory markers, as well as typical microorganisms in the intestinal tract were analyzed to investigate the anti-aging effects of the CDFC under the Guangxi longevity diet pattern on naturally aging mice. The results showed that CDFC had a bidirectional effect on body weight regulation; increased brain, spleen, and cardiac indices, of which the medium dose was the best. Meanwhile, CDFC also had a maintenance and improvement effect on learning and memory ability in aging mice, as well as improved antioxidant capacity and reduced inflammation level. The neuronal cell necrosis in the hippocampus of mice was effectively alleviated. The expression of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides was significantly reduced, and the expression of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased. In addition, the optimal amount of CDFC added from the level of experimental animals was in a certain interval above and below 15%. The combined results indicated that CDFC mediated by the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern had significant anti-aging effects, thus theoretically proving that dietary fiber compound contributes to human longevity.

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