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1
Yang, Shanshan, Defeng Li, and Victoria Lai Cheng Lei. "The impact of source text presence on simultaneous interpreting performance in fast speeches." APTIF 9 - Reality vs. Illusion 66, no. 4-5 (October 2, 2020): 588–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00189.yan.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The issue addressed in this study is the impact of source text presence on simultaneous interpreting performance in fast speeches. Fast speech rate is assumed to frustrate even professional interpreters in simultaneous interpreting (SI) without source text (ST) scenario, yet little is known about what happens when the ST is available to interpreters, an interpreting practice of increasing popularity. Previous studies present mixed results concerning the effect of fast speech rate and ST presence on SI quality, which further adds to the complexity of this issue. This study adopted the experimental approach with a qualitative assessment of SI quality, quantisation of output parameters and retrospective interview, to unravel some myths surrounding this issue. The 54 trainees were randomly divided into two groups to interpret two fast Chinese speeches into English under with and without ST conditions. The results found a significant effect of ST presence on the qualitative assessment of interpreting performance, on the interpreting delivery fluency, and on the information completeness. The facilitative effect of ST presence in fast speeches was confirmed while new issues also arise concerning trainee interpreters’ ability in eye-ear coordination.
2
Corrius, Montse, and Patrick Zabalbeascoa. "Language variation in source texts and their translations." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 23, no. 1 (August 10, 2011): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.23.1.07zab.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In addition to the two languages essentially involved in translation, that of the source text (L1) and that of the target text (L2), we propose a third language (L3) to refer to any other language(s) found either or both texts. L3 may appear in the source text (ST) or the target text (TT), actually appearing more frequently in STs in our case studies. We present a range of combinations for the convergence and divergence of L1, L2 and L3, for the case of feature films and their translations using examples from dubbed and subtitled versions of films, but we are hopeful that our tentative conclusions may be relevant to other modalities of translation, audiovisual and otherwise. When L3 appears in an audiovisual ST, we find a variety of solutions whereby L3 is deleted from or adapted to the TT. In the latter case, L3 might be rendered in a number of ways, depending on factors such as the audience’s familiarity with L3, and the possibility that L3 in the ST is an invented language.
3
Kim, Ryonhee. "Revising the Target Text Independently of the Source Text." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 151–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.7.2.07kim.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La traduction suppose deux langues (source et cible) et cultures (source et cible) distinctes. A ce titre, il apparaît difficile voire même impossible pour le texte cible de se libérer d’une certaine forme d’interférence de la part de texte source. Toutefois, l’existence d’erreurs ou d’interférences provenant de ST peut très probablement avoir pour résultat une texte cible inacceptable ou non recommandable qui, alternativement, ne peut fonctionner correctement pour les lecteurs cibles dans une situation précise. Par conséquent, lors de l’étape de révision du texte cible, il pourrait s’avérer nécessaire d’examiner le texte cible sans se référer au texte source et de corriger les erreurs identifiées. Cette étude adopte une approche « indépendante du texte source / orientée vers le texte cible », et examine, au moment de la révision, les différents moyens d’améliorer le texte cible indépendamment du texte source. Cette approche offre la possibilité au traducteur de réviser un texte cible à partir de la situation cible proche et, de manière idéale, d’éliminer ou tout du moins, espérons-le, de minimiser l’influence négative du texte source. Il a été démontré par exemple que le traducteur peut obtenir un rendu plus naturel en supprimant le jargon de traduction, plus compréhensible ou lisible en ajoutant, réduisant, supprimant ou substituant une information, et un texte source fonctionnellement plus efficace en faisant les ajustements nécessaires en conformité avec les normes et conventions relatives à chaque spécificité culturelle et type de texte. Ceci exemplifie la cible linguistique appropriée, le lectorat visé, et les approches sur les types appropriés de texte, respectivement, tous dans une plus large approche linguistique fonctionnelle.
4
Dong, Qianqian, Mingxuan Wang, Hao Zhou, Shuang Xu, Bo Xu, and Lei Li. "Consecutive Decoding for Speech-to-text Translation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 14 (May 18, 2021): 12738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i14.17508.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Speech-to-text translation (ST), which directly translates the source language speech to the target language text, has attracted intensive attention recently. However, the combination of speech recognition and machine translation in a single model poses a heavy burden on the direct cross-modal cross-lingual mapping. To reduce the learning difficulty, we propose COnSecutive Transcription and Translation (COSTT), an integral approach for speech-to-text translation. The key idea is to generate source transcript and target translation text with a single decoder. It benefits the model training so that additional large parallel text corpus can be fully exploited to enhance the speech translation training. Our method is verified on three mainstream datasets, including Augmented LibriSpeech English-French dataset, TED English-German dataset, and TED English-Chinese dataset. Experiments show that our proposed COSTT outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/dqqcasia/st.
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Qassem, Mutahar, and Vijayasarathi Gurindapalli. "Culture-based text analysis in translation." Linguistik Online 95, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.95.5517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Comprehension can be described as the ability to construct the meaning of a text, spoken or written. Such ability requires a complex mix of linguistic and world knowledge acquired through interactions with the global environment, transcending language, and cultural translation barriers. In addition, translation schools propose various models to address the difficulties inherent in comprehending the source text (ST) by using analysis from the linguistic, sociolinguistic, or cognitive perspectives. On the basis of translation schools’ models of text analysis, this study similarly attempts to provide a corpus-based analysis of culture-based texts from authentic sources (i. e. British online news). Results corroborate that the comprehension of culture- based texts can be attained through textual and lexical analyses. Further, the cultural, linguistic, sociolinguistic, and cognitive perspectives of translation can be employed to create a positive interaction between the internal and external components of a ST text on the one hand, and a translator on the other hand. Drawing on the multimodality of text analysis, this study attempts to offer a practical model for culture-based text analysis that can be applied at a translation class or course level.
6
Jaya, Doni. "Penerjemahan Novel Dracula Karya Bram Stoker dari Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Kasus Pengalihan Skema Budaya Divergen." Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 10, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v10i1.278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Divergent cultural schema (DCS) is a collection of cultural knowledge required to interpret a text, which is assumed to be present in source readers (SR) but absent in target readers (TR). DCS typically takes the form of a highly concise source text without any sufficient information, so the translator applied various strategies. Bram Stoker’s Dracula, consisting of its English source text (ST) and Indonesian target text (TT), was chosen as data source due to its strong Victorian-European setting which contains many potential DCS. Data analysis generated several categories of results. The first is units of analysis (n = 758) which are classified into various schemata (n = 21) and subschemata (n = 84) based on certain similarity in schematic characteristics. The second is various types of ST divergence (n = 13). The third is the reasons for applying domesticating (n = 16) or foreignizing (n = 12) strategies, as well as their weaknesses (n = 20). The fourth is domestication as the dominant translation ideology. The fifth is a number of interesting phenomena (n = 25) related to the transfer of DCS such as ideological level, different levels of divergence among TR, and “foreignization” and “domestication” by ST writer. This research demonstrates the complexity of strategy applications and ideological positions which are dependent on many factors such as narrative context, linguistic constraints, ST divergence, or TR schemata.</p>
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Falque, Emmanuel. "The Hidden Source of Hermeneutics: The Art of Reading in Hugh of St. Victor." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 25, no. 1 (September 15, 2017): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2017.798.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It might be surprising to find in a journal of contemporary philosophy a text that is mostly about Hugh of St. Victor (1096-1141). The hermeneutic question, however, did not begin only yesterday. While this question has its actual sources in Origen (concerning the meaning of Scripture) and Saint Augustine (the firmament of Scripture), it is in the Didascalicon or The Art of Reading by Hugh of St. Victor that it first finds its clearest formulation and its most methodical development. This “hidden source of hermeneutics” allows for a questioning of the foundations of the hermeneutics of the text from its outset (in weighing the short route versus the long route), and also for a return of hermeneutics, or better to turn it, to its primordial origin: a hermeneutics of the “world” or of “creation” [liber mundi], rather than of the “text” and of “Scripture” [liber Scripturae]. A “Catholic” hermeneutics of “the body and the voice” should, in my opinion, take the place of the “Protestant” hermeneutics of “the meaning of the text” (Ricœur) and the “Jewish” hermeneutics of the “body of the letter” (Levinas). This thesis, which is stated and developed in my book Crossing the Rubicon, has its roots and justification in this historical essay on Hugh of St. Victor.
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Abdo, Ibrahem Mohamad Khalefe Bani. "Computer Programming and Readability Scoring Tests between Arabic and English of Surat Al-Fātiḥah". Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, № 4 (1 жовтня 2020): 1543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.4.1543.1558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present paper investigates computer programming of the readability feature in Al-Fatihah (Arabic: ٱلْفَاتِحَة), the first chapter (Surah) of the Quraan, with its English equivalent and whether the different statistics scores of readability may affect the translation’s value of the holy text (Al-Fatihah) compared to its target text equivalent. This paper uses the computer programming of readability tests. It uses different formulas as (i) Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease; (ii) Flesch Kincaid Grade Level; (iii) Gunning Fog Score; (iv) SMOG Index; (v) Coleman Liau Index; and (vi) Automated Readability Index. These formulas identify the easiness of the source text compare to the translated text (target text). This study identifies the readability scores that may affect the translation text compared to the source text. The study reveals that the readability scoring tests between Arabic (ST), Arabic –Latin (Transliteration), and the target text (TT) English version of Surat Al-Fātiḥah from The holy Book Al Quraan are different. The ST is much easier to read by their audience than the TT readers. It also affirms that the translating process may cause slightly changes in the TT compared to the ST ones. Finally, the lack of knowledge of such computer software during the translating process may increase or decrease the complexity of the text for readers.
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Carl, Michael, and Martin Kay. "Gazing and Typing Activities during Translation: A Comparative Study of Translation Units of Professional and Student Translators." Meta 56, no. 4 (July 11, 2012): 952–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1011262ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper investigates the notion of Translation Units (TUs) from a cognitive angle. A TU is defined as the translator’s focus of attention at a time. Since attention can be directed towards source text (ST) understanding and/or target text (TT) production, we analyze the activity data of the translators’ eye movements and keystrokes. We describe methods to detect patterns of keystrokes (production units) and patterns of gaze fixations on the source text (fixation units) and compare translation performance of student and professional translators. Based on 24 translations from English into Danish of a 160 word text we find major differences between students and professionals: Experienced professional translators are better able to divide their attention in parallel on ST reading (comprehension) and TT production, while students operate more in an alternating mode where they either read the ST or write the TT. In contrast to what is frequently expected, our data reveals that TUs are rather coarse units as compared to the notion of ‘translation atom,’ which coincide only partially with linguistic units.
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Stavyskyi, Vadym I. "On a Possible Source of Some of the Images in the Annalistic Pokhvala to Prince Roman Mstislavich." Slovene 4, no. 2 (2015): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.2.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of this article is the text known as the “Eulogy (Pokhvala) to Prince Roman Mstislavich Galitsky,” which is from the opening section of the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle. The author of the article amplifies remarks made by Alexander Orlov about loanwords taken from translated works that appear in the text of the Pokhvala. The text of the exegesis of prophets by St. Hippolytus of Rome, which was widely known in Slavonic translation from the 12th century as the Slovo o Khriste i ob Antikhriste, produces additional material for comparison. St. Hippolytus’s text offers a possible interpretation of the concept “uma mudrostʹiu,” which the author of the Pokhvala offers as an explanation of the successful foreign policy of Prince Roman; in addition, this explanation helps to clarify the comparison of the prince with the eagle-lion, the lynx, and the crocodile. Certain characteristics of the text of the Pokhvala as revealed in the account of the exile of Khan Atrak by Prince Vladimir Monomakh and the subsequent mission carried out by Khan Syrchan, both unsupported in other sources, were, we believe, influenced by the text of the Slovo as well. It appears that literary images used throughout the Pokhvala were determined by apocalyptic symbols, following the approach that was typical of their interpretation by St. Hippolytus. This conclusion permits us to broaden our notions about the enumeration of works in translation used by the creator of the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle.
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Ciobanu, Dragoş, Valentina Ragni, and Alina Secară. "Speech Synthesis in the Translation Revision Process: Evidence from Error Analysis, Questionnaire, and Eye-Tracking." Informatics 6, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics6040051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Translation revision is a relevant topic for translator training and research. Recent technological developments justify increased focus on embedding speech technologies—speech synthesis (text-to-speech) and speech recognition (speech-to-text)—into revision workflows. Despite some integration of speech recognition into computer-assisted translation (CAT)/translation environment tools (TEnT)/Revision tools, to date we are unaware of any CAT/TEnT/Revision tool that includes speech synthesis. This paper addresses this issue by presenting initial results of a case study with 11 participants exploring if and how the presence of sound, specifically in the source text (ST), affects revisers’ revision quality, preference and viewing behaviour. Our findings suggest an improvement in revision quality, especially regarding Accuracy errors, when sound was present. The majority of participants preferred listening to the ST while revising, but their self-reported gains on concentration and productivity were not conclusive. For viewing behaviour, a subset of eye-tracking data shows that participants focused more on the target text (TT) than the source regardless of the revising condition, though with differences in fixation counts, dwell time and mean fixation duration (MDF). Orientation and finalisation phases were also identified. Finally, speech synthesis appears to increase perceived alertness, and may prompt revisers to consult external resources more frequently.
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Liu, Yuchen, Jiajun Zhang, Hao Xiong, Long Zhou, Zhongjun He, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, and Chengqing Zong. "Synchronous Speech Recognition and Speech-to-Text Translation with Interactive Decoding." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 8417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6360.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Speech-to-text translation (ST), which translates source language speech into target language text, has attracted intensive attention in recent years. Compared to the traditional pipeline system, the end-to-end ST model has potential benefits of lower latency, smaller model size, and less error propagation. However, it is notoriously difficult to implement such a model without transcriptions as intermediate. Existing works generally apply multi-task learning to improve translation quality by jointly training end-to-end ST along with automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, different tasks in this method cannot utilize information from each other, which limits the improvement. Other works propose a two-stage model where the second model can use the hidden state from the first one, but its cascade manner greatly affects the efficiency of training and inference process. In this paper, we propose a novel interactive attention mechanism which enables ASR and ST to perform synchronously and interactively in a single model. Specifically, the generation of transcriptions and translations not only relies on its previous outputs but also the outputs predicted in the other task. Experiments on TED speech translation corpora have shown that our proposed model can outperform strong baselines on the quality of speech translation and achieve better speech recognition performances as well.
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Yamat, Ezuoke, Chukwudinma O., and IJIOMA, Patricia Ngozi. "The Semiotics of Christian Theological Translation and Interpreting." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.4.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Christian theological text, whether written or oral is a derivative of a sacred text called The Bible, thus, making the theological text a second order text. This makes it possible for the Christian theological text to adopt first of all, the semiotic forms of The Bible: signs, symbols, vestments and colours as well as those of the modern church. Semiotic translation which implies a decoding of signs and symbols, interprets textual signs and symbols in a source text (ST) to the target audience (TA). Hence, translation is an interpretative activity. The translation of Christian theological semiotics could be done in-text, in footnotes or in notes and references as a form of elucidation to the target audience. Theology is a discipline and as such, most of its signs and symbols are technical. To deal with its semiotics is part of the deverbalisation process which its translator must engage in, in order to understand the source text (ST) and to reverbalise the same. The paper aims at furnishing Christian theological translators with the meanings of selected Christian theological signs and symbols. This is a plunge into the dynamic equivalence of the signs and symbols, since formal equivalence, calque and loaning do not deliver the relevant comprehension needed by the translator for adequate reverbalisation of the source text. The paper highlights the importance of semiotic research in the translation of Christian theological texts.
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Ajtony, Zsuzsanna. "Taming the Stranger: Domestication vs Foreignization in Literary Translation." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 9, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2017-0020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The translator’s task is to bridge the gap between the source text (ST) and the target text (TT), to mediate between the source culture (SC) and the target culture (TC). Cultural mediation is always more than linguistic mediation: it facilitates understanding between cultures. Cultural mediators need to be extremely aware of their own cultural identity, understanding how their own culture influences perception (ethnocentric attitude). While foreignization introduces the TT audience to the ST culture as much as possible, making the foreign visible, domestication brings two languages and two cultures closer, minimizing the foreignness of the TT, conforming to the TC values, and making the unfamiliar accessible (Venuti 1995, Munday 2016). This paper investigates different ways to find the balance between these two tendencies, offering examples from literary translation.
15
Van Coller, H. P. "Antjie Krog se vertaling van Henk van Woerden se roman Een mond vol glas." Literator 23, no. 2 (August 6, 2002): 129–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v23i2.334.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Antjie Krog’s translation of Henk van Woerden’s novel Een mond vol glas (A mouth full of glass) Against a historical backdrop several critical approaches to translational theory are explicated. Traditional criticism seems to imply positioning between the Source Text (ST) and the Target Text (TT). A functionalist approach (as propagated among others by Snell-Hornby, Nord and Naaijkens) is a descriptive rather than a normative approach that focuses almost exclusively on the ST. This approach is consequently adopted in the evaluation of Krog’s translation; yet even within this more relativistic paradigm, a comparison between ST and TT should not be evaded. In the case of Krog’s translation, this comparison leads to the identification of scores of lexical, grammatical and stylistic errors.
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Isachenko, T. A. "The Lost Autograph of the Second Epistle of St. Paisius Velichkovsky to Theodosius." Russkaya literatura 1 (2020): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-1-52-64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyses a rare source of the manuscript legacy of St. Paisius Velichkovsky. The autograph of the Second Epistle to Theodosius, dispatched to the Sofroniev Monastery, was discovered in the collection of E. V. Barsov. This Epistle is an important text for the reconstruction of the Athos period of the life of St. Paisius. The research is focused on the pattern of the convolution with the autograph entwined into it, on the analysis of the owners’ records tracing the relocations of the manuscript, and on the source of the fi rst publication of the Second Epistle.
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Dong, Qianqian, Rong Ye, Mingxuan Wang, Hao Zhou, Shuang Xu, Bo Xu, and Lei Li. "Listen, Understand and Translate: Triple Supervision Decouples End-to-end Speech-to-text Translation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 14 (May 18, 2021): 12749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i14.17509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An end-to-end speech-to-text translation (ST) takes audio in a source language and outputs the text in a target language. Existing methods are limited by the amount of parallel corpus. Can we build a system to fully utilize signals in a parallel ST corpus? We are inspired by human understanding system which is composed of auditory perception and cognitive processing. In this paper, we propose Listen-Understand-Translate, (LUT), a unified framework with triple supervision signals to decouple the end-to-end speech-to-text translation task. LUT is able to guide the acoustic encoder to extract as much information from the auditory input. In addition, LUT utilizes a pre-trained BERT model to enforce the upper encoder to produce as much semantic information as possible, without extra data. We perform experiments on a diverse set of speech translation benchmarks, including Librispeech English-French, IWSLT English-German and TED English-Chinese. Our results demonstrate LUT achieves the state-of-the-art performance, outperforming previous methods. The code is available at https://github.com/dqqcasia/st.
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Obeidat, Hisham. "The Discourse of Peace in Othello." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 47, no. 3 (December 31, 2001): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.47.3.03obe.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper addresses the way the metaphor of peace in Othello, act i, iii, 197–208, has been rendered into Arabic by three published translations (Ghazi (1979), Jabra (1980), and Mutran (1922)). The Duke in the ST deploys a cluster of personifications in the hope his audience (Brabantio) could accept a peaceful solution to the dilemma of Desdemona-Othello’s marriage. By way of comparison the ST against the TT, the paper argues that a) formal translation, in the case of dynamic text, would incur upon the ST violence, serious translation loss, and foreignizing the TT, b) equivalent effect in the sense of sameness is hard to maintain in cases of dynamic text like the one under consideration. In the process of negotiating the text, the translator is assumed to create a language capable of mediating the ST textual effects. In other words the translator’s main concern, I argue, is to reinstate in the TT a relevant/approximate experience that is relevant to the ST. In doing so s/he would eliminate the tension that arises in an undesirable literal translation. Résumé Cet article traite de la façon dont la métaphore relative à la aix ans Othello, acte i, iii, 197–208, a été rendue en langue arabe par trois traductions publiées, Ghazi (1979), Jabra (1980) et Mutran (1922). Le Duc dans le texte source déploie un éventail de personnifications dans l’espoir que son audience (Brabantio) puisse être en mesure d’accepter une solution pacifique au dilemme du mariage entre Desdémone et Othello. Lors de la comparaison entre le texte source et le texte cible, les arguments avancées dans l’article sont les suivants: a) une traduction formelle dans le cas d’un texte dynamique pourrait subir une sérieuse perte traductionnelle sur la violence du texte source et donner une connotation étrangère au texte cible; b) l’effet d’quivalence dans le sens d’identité est difficile à préserver dans les cas d ún texte dynamique comme celui examiné ici. Lors du traitement du texte, le traducteur est supposé de créer un langage capable d’aboutir à un compromis des effets textuels du texte source. En d’autres termes, le souci essentiel du traducteur, pour ma part, est de réintégrer dans le texte cible une expérience adéquate et approximative qui convienne au texte source. Ce faisant il éliminarait la tension sous-jacente d’une traduction litérale indésirable.
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Eades, Domenyk. "Translating English modal expressions." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 3 (November 10, 2011): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.3.03ead.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modals are a source of difficulty in translation due to the subtle and complex nature of the meanings they convey, as well as the diversity of formal means by which modal meaning is coded from one language to another. The present study sheds light on difficulties associated with the translation of modal expressions by exploring errors in the translations of a group of native Arabic-speaking translator trainees, and identifies difficulties they experienced in transferring modal meaning from an English source text (ST) to an Arabic target text (TT). Shortcomings in the skills and training of the participants are discussed in the light of these findings, and suggestions are given as to how these may be remedied.<p>The results of the study show that while the students generally exhibit a sound knowledge of the dictionary meanings of the modal expressions in the ST, the precise sense of a given modal was often misconstrued and in many cases the modal meaning was missing entirely from the translations. These problems suggest that the participants tended to process the meanings of the ST at the word and sentence level while neglecting broader macro-level meanings conveyed in the text (e.g. cohesion, text type, relationship between author and audience).<p>The study reveals that in addition to the need for students to develop greater awareness of the nature of modality and its expression in both English and Arabic, greater emphasis is needed in the training of the students on the improvement of topdown text processing skills.<p>
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Triastika, Herlyn. "TEXTUAL EQUIVALENCE IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH TEXTS INTO INDONESIAN." IJLECR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND CULTURE REVIEW 3, no. 1 (June 2, 2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijlecr.031.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aims to determine textual equivalence in the translation of scientific texts in English into Indonesian in depth. This study used a qualitative approach using the content analysis method. The data to the analysis performed in this study based on the six-step qualitative research developed by Myring. The findings in this study indicate that: (1) The equivalence of thematic structure contained in the translation of textbooks Approaches to Discourse into Indonesian is the equivalence on the pattern/ thematic arrangement of the unmarked theme and a simple theme/topical theme, (2) the information structure equivalence Between source text (ST) and target text (TT) is the equivalence in the form of organization of given and new information. (3) Equivalence in the cohesive devices translation is found in the use of grammatical cohesive devices, (4) The translation method used is the literal translation, (5) The discovered distortion was fully related to the aspects of semantics and linguistic equivalents, (6) The factors causing distortion are the translators’ skills and competencies, (7) The impact inflicted by the various distortion in the target text (TT) is that the translation readersgetdifferent messages from the message of source text (ST).
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Jia, Yanfang, and Binghan Zheng. "The interaction effect between source text complexity and machine translation quality on the task difficulty of NMT post-editing from English to Chinese: A multi-method study." Across Languages and Cultures 23, no. 1 (May 9, 2022): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2022.00120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study explores the interaction effect between source text (ST) complexity and machine translation (MT) quality on the task difficulty of neural machine translation (NMT) post-editing from English to Chinese. When investigating human effort exerted in post-editing, existing studies have seldom taken both ST complexity and MT quality levels into account, and have mainly focused on MT systems used before the emergence of NMT. Drawing on process and product data of post-editing from 60 trainee translators, this study adopted a multi-method approach to measure post-editing task difficulty, including eye-tracking, keystroke logging, quality evaluation, subjective rating, and retrospective written protocols. The results show that: 1) ST complexity and MT quality present a significant interaction effect on task difficulty of NMT post-editing; 2) ST complexity level has a positive impact on post-editing low-quality NMT (i.e., post-editing task becomes less difficult when ST complexity decreases); while for post-editing high-quality NMT, it has a positive impact only on the subjective ratings received from participants; and 3) NMT quality has a negative impact on its post-editing task difficulty (i.e., the post-editing task becomes less difficult when MT quality goes higher), and this impact becomes stronger when ST complexity increases. This paper concludes that both ST complexity and MT quality should be considered when testing post-editing difficulty, designing tasks for post-editor training, and setting fair post-editing pricing schemes.
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Kuliešienė, Erika. "The Inventory List of the Library of the Vilnius Old Regula Carmelite Monastery at the St. George‘s Church: Publication of the Source." Bibliotheca Lituana 2 (October 25, 2012): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/bibllita.2012.2.15593.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents the oldest source of information about the Vilnius Old Regula Carmelite Monastery library: the inventory list of the St. George’s Church library, compiled in 1677. Even though, in Polish historiography, considerable attention is accorded to the Vilnius St. George‘s Carmelite Monastery and its library, the 1677 inventory has not been included into any catalogue of inventories of the GDL’s church libraries. This inventory was for the first time introduced to the scientific community by A. Pacevičius. This article gives a short overview of the history of the Vilnius Carmelite Monastery at the St. George’s Church and of its library from its foundation to closure. The period of the compilation of the inventory is characterized as a crucial moment in the development of the library. At that time there were eight books in the church’s library, and 58 books, in the monastery’s library. Here we are publishing a facsimile of the inventory’s text and a transcript of the text in the language of the original. In the commentaries, with the greatest possible exactness, we are recreating the book list from rather scarce elements of book descriptions. This oldest source for the history of St. George Monastery library will doubtless be of interest not only for scholars in the history of the GDL, but also for both Lithuanian and foreign researchers of monastic book culture.
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Schaeffer, Moritz J., Sandra L. Halverson, and Silvia Hansen-Schirra. "‘Monitoring’ in translation." Translation, Cognition & Behavior 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00017.sch.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We assume that visual feedback from the written trace during translation plays an important role in monitoring the emerging translation. In this study, 44 participants translated with and without visual feedback from the target text (TT). Numerous measures were used to explore the differences between the texts that were created in the two conditions and the characteristics of the task performance in the two conditions. The impact of ST-TT semantic and syntactic relationships showed that there were differences on two of three behavioural measures across conditions. In the comparison of features of the translation process, findings show that ST reading times were longer without visual feedback, while increased translational choice (implying more monitoring) affected eye movements on the source text (ST) in the same way in both conditions. We found that, without visual feedback, when faced with more translational options, translators read the ST less linearly. Participants were more likely to look at the TT screen or read the TT the longer they read the ST and the more the more translational options the ST offered, even if the TT window was blank.
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Mazumder, Tanmoy. "Cultural Issues in Anisul Hoque’s Ayeshamangal and its Translation." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 1, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v1i3.29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anisul Hoque’s Ayeshamangal (2010) has been a text of quite critical acclamation in Bangladesh due to its presentation of acourageous village woman, Ayesha- who struggles in the context of post-independent political turmoil in Bangladesh insynchronization of a legendary figure in Bengali folk myth, Behula. This study provides a reading of Ayeshamangal’sEnglish translation, The Ballad of Ayesha (2018), in order to find out the cultural implications in the source text (ST) and thetarget text (TT). Translators face the problem of treating the cultural aspects of a ST and then its appropriate transfer to theTT and target language (TL). In this novel, the translator faces such a dilemma on various occasions. The ST extensively usesa certain dialect of the source language (SL). This paper investigates the transfer of this dialect of Rangpur region to thetarget language (TL).The paper examines the techniques used by the translator to successfully convey the aspects of Bengaliculture into the TL of the novel. This study also focuses on translations of certain lexical contents, ways of life and the mythof Behula. Thus, the current paper investigates the translation strategies and procedures used in the TT from certaintheoretical perspectives in translation studies and argues that the translator attempts for an overall equivalent effect in the TT,though he fails to provide the taste of important cultural aspects of Bangladesh to the TT readers.
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ATALLAH, MIKHAIL J., DANNY Z. CHEN, and KEVIN S. KLENK. "PARALLEL ALGORITHMS FOR LONGEST INCREASING CHAINS IN THE PLANE AND RELATED PROBLEMS." Parallel Processing Letters 09, no. 04 (December 1999): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626499000475.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Given a set [Formula: see text] of n points in the plane such that each point in [Formula: see text] is asscociated with a nonnegative weight, we consider the problem of computing the single-source longest increasing chains among the points in [Formula: see text] This problem is a generalization of the plannar maximal layers problem. In this paper, we present a parallel algorithm that computes the single-source longest incresing chains in the plane in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] processors in the CREW PRAM computational model. We also solve a related problem of computing the all-pairs longest paths in an n-node weighted planar st-graph, in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] CREW PRAM processors. Both of our parallel algorithms are improvement over the previously best known results.
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Hong, Seungyeun, Miseon Yoon, and Eun-Kyoung Choi. "Using Machine Translation to translate Culture-Specific Items in Undergraduate Translation Class." Institute of British and American Studies 56 (October 31, 2022): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.25093/ibas.2022.56.189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to explore how the undergraduate translation course should incorporate more training in cultural aspects. The English novel, Pachinko, was used as a translation practice text in the cultural translation class, and machine translation (MT) was applied as a learning instrument. Pachinko was published in the United States in 2017 by Korean American author Min Jin Lee, and tells the story of four generations of Korean-Japanese family members from the Japanese colonial period to the 1980s after liberation. The novel includes a large number of culture-specific items (CSI) related to Korea, as a result the machine-translated text has many errors. The students discuss what types of CSI are found in the source text (ST), and learn how to better translate these cultural elements in Pachinko's MT results. This study presents three effective methods to educate undergraduate students in cultural translation class. First, the concept of culture and CSI should be more clearly taught. Second, the source text (ST) must be thoroughly explained in order that students can discuss the cultural elements that are not explicitly expressed in the text. Third, students should be educated to find implied contextual information in cultural text. This study has shown that MT can be used as a learning instrument to expand students' thoughts on translation.
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Lahiani, Raja. "The relevance of the glance of the roe of Wajra." Discourse Analysis and Translation Studies 4, no. 1 (June 5, 2009): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.4.1.02lah.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article tests the workability of the principle of relevance at the heart of relevance theory by evaluating a corpus of eighteen English and French translations of verse 33 of the Mu‘allaqa of Imru’ al-Qays. This verse embodies a conventional metaphor reflecting a stereotyped image in Arabic poetry, which communicates its ground to the source language (SL) reader by means of inference. The verse challenges the translator to render the metaphor into an equivalent trope and to reflect the ground of the comparison, either by inference or by reference. By comparing the translations in the corpus to the source text (ST) and to each other, this study draws conclusions as to the translatability of a conventional metaphor. Chronology and mode of discourse are taken into account in the evaluation process so as to categorize the translations and the shifts exercised in them. This evaluative yardstick is used to measure resemblance and relevance by taking into account both the ST and the target text (TT) contexts
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Obeidat, Adham Mousa, and Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi. "COLLOCATION TRANSLATION ERRORS FROM ARABIC INTO ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY OF NAGUIB MAHFOUZ’S NOVEL “AWLAD HARATINA”." International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy and Language 2, no. 7 (September 23, 2019): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijhpl.270011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this analysis is to understand the notion of translation errors while translating collocations from Arabic into English. The translation errors are found in the Arabic novel “Awlad Haratina” which is written by Naguib Mahfouz. The problem of translating collocations and the reasons behind those problems are studied based on Baker’s model of collocational errors which are the engrossing effect of source text (ST) patterning, misinterpreting the meaning of ST collocations, the tension between accuracy and naturalness, cultural-specific collocation and marked collocation in the source text. descriptive qualitative method is used as the method of this study. 71 errors are examined accordingly to find out the reason behind committing translation errors while translating collocation. The study reveals that the tension between accuracy and naturalness, cultural-specific collocation are the main reasons behind committing errors. As a result, the study finds that translators should pay more attention to the notion of collocation before the process of translation.
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Zavarynska, Maria, and Monika Toborek. "TRANSLATION CRITICISM AS A MEASURE OF LINGUISTIC COHERENCE IN THE TRANSLATION PROCESS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 35, no. 4 (June 28, 2019): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3510.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is focused on the role of translation criticism in the modern translation studies. Every translator in his work aims for achieving linguistic coherence between the Source Text (ST) and Target Text (TT). The notion of translation criticism, which is an important measure of achieving this goal by the translator, is highlighted. The theory of scenes and frames in modern translation studies is also analysed in the article.
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Tyutelova, L. G. "PECULIARITIES OF ASI VOLOSHINA'S INSCENING: "SHINEL GOGOL"." Izvestiya of the Samara Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Social, Humanitarian, Medicobiological Sciences 23, no. 79(1) (2021): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2413-9645-2021-23-79(1)-155-159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with the problem of translating a classical epic text into the language of drama. Based on the material of the plays of Asya Voloshina, it is proved that the modern playwright enters into a dialogue with his predecessor in order to see the classics in the context of the "big time". In the play "Gogol's Overcoat", the text of the original source is presented as part of the St. Petersburg text. The latter discovers new meanings of Gogol's story.
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Rey Quesada, Santiago Del. "Participial and gerundial clauses in sixteenth-century Spanish prose." Belgian Journal of Linguistics 33 (December 31, 2019): 43–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00022.rey.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aim of this article consists in studying participial constructions (PC) and gerundial constructions (GC), especially absolute PCs and GCs, within a corpus of Spanish translated and non-translated texts from the 16th century written by two Castilian writers who were prominent exponents of the Erasmian prose in this era. Close attention is paid to translated texts in order to determine the extent to which different types and subtypes of PCs and GCs match PCs and/or any kind of structures in the source text (ST). This approach allows to discuss whether or not a syntactic equivalence between ST and target text (TT) predominates in the corpus under study and, when it is the case, to determine to what extent and by means of which mechanisms TT diverges from ST. The analysis shows that the influence of the Latin model in the ST on the syntax of the Romance TT becomes stronger when it works ex negativo, i.e. Latin turns out to be more influential in non-translated texts or in indirect – or not literally – translated contexts.
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Ortenberg, Veronica. "An Unknown Late Anglo-Saxon Text About old St Peter's in Rome." Antiquaries Journal 70, no. 1 (March 1990): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500070347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ms Royal 2. B.V. in the British Library, London, is a tenth-century Psalter from Winchester, possibly from Nunnaminster. On the last folios of this MS (189-190) were added in the late tenth century, miscellaneous computistical entries, which include the years ofChrist, the ages of the world, the ages and generations, the numbering and reckoning of years and the number of years from the Creation to the foundation of Rome. Two texts, the ‘De longitudine mundi’ (fol. 189) and ‘Longitudo, latitudo et altitudo templi et tabernaculum (sic)’ (fols. 189randv) precede, and another, ‘De area Noe’ (fol. 189v) follows a short text entitled ‘De aedificatio (sic) ecclesie sancti Petri apostoli’ at folio 189v.With the exception of this last, all these texts are also found in a ninth-century MS, British Library, Cotton Vespasian B.VI (fols. 106-70). To the best of my knowledge, the ‘De aedificatio[ne]’ does not exist in any other manuscript, and there is no known source for it. The present note aims solely at bringing this text to light and providing an edition of it; an examination of its implications for English history and architecture will be provided elsewhere.
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Kozintcev, Mark A. "Anonymous Manuscript “History of Crimea” (B 747) kept at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Attribution of the Source." Golden Horde Review 10, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-2.426-436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research objectives: Attribution and description of the anonymous manuscript, conventionally named “History of Crimea”, from the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Research materials: Anonymous manuscript “History of Crimea”, kept in the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the signature B 747. Results and novelty of research: The manuscript is a miscellany of various information about the Crimean Khanate, as well international relations, mainly between Russia and Turkey. In 1881, its Ottoman-Turkish text in Arabic script was published by the famous Russian researcher Vasiliy D. Smirnov (1846–1922), on the basis of the St. Petersburg copy, with corrections made according to the copy kept in Paris. V.D. Smirnov made several assumptions on who was the author of the text. The analysis showed the correctness of one of his assumptions, namely that the author – compiler of the text was Kesbî, the Turkish official from the second half of the eighteenth century. The identification of the author became possible due to the appearance of studies on the written heritage of Kesbi in recent decades, primarily the works of A. Ogreten. The comparison of B 747 with the text of “İbretnüma-yı devlet” (“Instruction to the State”, 1213 AH (1798–99 CE)) published by Ahmet Öğreten in 2002, leaves no doubt that the “History of Crimea” is the St. Petersburg copy of the aforesaid manuscript. In recent years, new hypotheses also appeared concerning the author, disputing the opinion of A. Öğreten and aiming to show that the miscellany was compiled not by Mustafa Kesbî, but by another Ottoman official, who wrote under the pseudonym Kesbî, Mehmed Haşim. At the same time, the text of the St. Petersburg copy of “İbretnüma-yı devlet” published by V.D. Smirnov 140 years ago, as well as the copy of the manuscript kept in Paris, still remains out of sight of Turkish specialists engaged in the study of this written text.
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Boiko, Tetiana, and Khrystyna Melko. "TRANSLATION CRITICISM AS A MEASURE OF LINGUISTIC COHERENCE IN THE TRANSLATION PROCESS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 36, no. 5 (November 26, 2019): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3609.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is focused on the ways of realization translation criticism in the modern translation studies. The main aim for the translators in their works is to achieve linguistic coherence between the Source Text (ST) and Target Text (TT). The notion of translation criticism, which is an important measure of achieving this goal by the translator, is highlighted. The theory of scenes and frames in modern translation studies is also analysed in the article.
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Panin, Leonid G. "A. S. Pushkin’s Poem The Hermit Fathers and the Immaculate Wives... (Linguostylistic Analysis of a Poem and Its Source)." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-74-86.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The following article presents a linguistic and stylistic analysis of A. S. Pushkin’s poem The hermit Fathers and the immaculate wives... in comparison with the Greek text of the prayer of St. Ephrem the Syrian and its Church Slavonic translation, which was the source of the Poet’s poem. The similarities of the text content and the existing differences are shown. The outstanding role of Pushkin’s text, which essentially performs the ‘transliterating’ function of transmitting Church Slavonic literature to the system of Russian verbal culture, is acknowledged. For Alexander Pushkin, the Church Slavonic language was very important as a source (or one of the sources) of formation of the Russian literary language. The poet introduced many Church Slavonic words into Russian literary speech, for which he was often criticized. Indeed, from the point of view of a native speaker of an exquisite literary language, many lexical introductions of Church Slavonisms to the text of Eugene Onegin were a stylistic challenge. Russian lexical field was regularly expanded by the poet by the means of the Church Slavonic dictionary. This is clearly confirmed by works where the Church Slavonic words fit the theme logically, without causing complaints from adherents of literary norms, but also serve the purpose of lexical enrichment of the Russian language. The analyzed poem is among such works. A comparison of the two texts (the Church Slavonic translation of the prayer of St. Ephrem the Syrian and the poem of Alexander Pushkin) shows a very important difference between them. There is humility as the highest Christian virtue and Evangelical hope in Ephrem the Syrian’s work. And there is Evangelical love as a goal and the most cherished, necessary value for a person who has fallen, but lives in hope, in A. S. Pushkin. Each of these ascetics (St. Ephrem the Syrian and Alexander Pushkin) has his own vision of the outcome of earthly life. For all its signs of Lenten prayer, the poet’s requests have a different sound. More general, more generalized. The text goes beyond the category of calendar-timed (within the Church year) prayers, it pushes the boundaries of its use. This is its further development, its further life. And this is quite natural. Having left the liturgical, prayerful, more secluded and more strict sphere for the sphere of literature (resp. in the sphere of public perception and worldview, addressed to contemporaries who are not always aware of the significance of the presence of God in their lives), the text has already changed, it has spread out. A shift in internal emphasis changes its content. It is a fundamentally independent work.
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Panin, Leonid G. "A. S. Pushkin’s Poem The Hermit Fathers and the Immaculate Wives... (Linguostylistic Analysis of a Poem and Its Source)." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-74-86.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The following article presents a linguistic and stylistic analysis of A. S. Pushkin’s poem The hermit Fathers and the immaculate wives... in comparison with the Greek text of the prayer of St. Ephrem the Syrian and its Church Slavonic translation, which was the source of the Poet’s poem. The similarities of the text content and the existing differences are shown. The outstanding role of Pushkin’s text, which essentially performs the ‘transliterating’ function of transmitting Church Slavonic literature to the system of Russian verbal culture, is acknowledged. For Alexander Pushkin, the Church Slavonic language was very important as a source (or one of the sources) of formation of the Russian literary language. The poet introduced many Church Slavonic words into Russian literary speech, for which he was often criticized. Indeed, from the point of view of a native speaker of an exquisite literary language, many lexical introductions of Church Slavonisms to the text of Eugene Onegin were a stylistic challenge. Russian lexical field was regularly expanded by the poet by the means of the Church Slavonic dictionary. This is clearly confirmed by works where the Church Slavonic words fit the theme logically, without causing complaints from adherents of literary norms, but also serve the purpose of lexical enrichment of the Russian language. The analyzed poem is among such works. A comparison of the two texts (the Church Slavonic translation of the prayer of St. Ephrem the Syrian and the poem of Alexander Pushkin) shows a very important difference between them. There is humility as the highest Christian virtue and Evangelical hope in Ephrem the Syrian’s work. And there is Evangelical love as a goal and the most cherished, necessary value for a person who has fallen, but lives in hope, in A. S. Pushkin. Each of these ascetics (St. Ephrem the Syrian and Alexander Pushkin) has his own vision of the outcome of earthly life. For all its signs of Lenten prayer, the poet’s requests have a different sound. More general, more generalized. The text goes beyond the category of calendar-timed (within the Church year) prayers, it pushes the boundaries of its use. This is its further development, its further life. And this is quite natural. Having left the liturgical, prayerful, more secluded and more strict sphere for the sphere of literature (resp. in the sphere of public perception and worldview, addressed to contemporaries who are not always aware of the significance of the presence of God in their lives), the text has already changed, it has spread out. A shift in internal emphasis changes its content. It is a fundamentally independent work.
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Nurmalia, Lia, Danang Dwi Harmoko, and Prapti Wigati Purwaningrum. "Unit Shift Dalam Novel The Sea Of Monsters." Wanastra: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/w.v13i1.9869.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of the research are to know the translation shift and the translation equivalence in The Sea of Monsters novel which is translated into “Laut Para Monster”. This research uses qualitative method through content analysis approach. The writers compared the source text (ST) and the target text (TT) then, did the analysis by using theories proposed by (Catford,1965) and (Nida,1982). The results show that the most shifting is unit shift, 65% and it reaches 77% formal equivalence. Those results show that TSu is well transferred into TSa in term of form and content. It can be seen from the translation shift which only happen at the word level, it seems that the translator is faithful to source text, while seen by the translation equivalence, seems that the writer is also faithful to target text.
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Kotambunan, Florence E. "Strategi Penambahan dan Penghilangan Makna: Kasus Penerjemahan Teks Hukum Bisnis dari Bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 7, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v7i2.178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<span>To show how important the equivalence of ST and TT in business law text is the main goal of this research. Besides that, the benefit of this research is to motivate a translator to become more critical and accurate in producing more quality translations. The results of research can be utilized as a benchmark to conduct further research in a similar study. The library research and field method are commonly administered in translation research. And the technique of analyzing data exerts comparative and causal model between the Source Text (ST) and the Target Text (TT). It is determined that the approach is pursuant to ST and TT both Nord Extra-textual and Intra-textual factors. In addition, the research scope is limited to addition and omission, the strategy of translating in word, phrase or term, clause, and sentence. The conformity of ST and TT to Grice’s maxim is also analyzed as the effect of employing strategy of translating, the addition and omission. These research findings, firstly verifies that extra-textual and intra-textual factors are mostly integrated in achieving equivalence of ST and TT. Secondly, it is also discovered that translation error of deviation, addition, and omission of meaning as the impact of translating strategy application, addition and omission. Thirdly, it is acquired that writing business law text in English is more conventional compared to Indonesian. In conclusion, the translation of business law text complies with faithful and conventional main criteria. Moreover, not only the mastery of other knowledge related but also good collaboration are required between concerned parties and determined the success of translation practice. Therefore, it is wished for these results and implications could be referred to proceed with comprehensive research in other legal texts. Hereafter, it is also advised that proofreading is performed more than twice to minimalize misinterpretation. </span>
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Shin, Hyejung. "Comparing L1 and L2 Translation Styles: An Analysis of Multiple Parallel Corpora Comprised of Multiple Target Texts of the Same Source Texts." Society for International Cultural Institute 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34223/jic.2022.15.2.67.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Korean-English literary translation, the directionality of translation (whether translating into L1 or L2) has caught the attention of many researchers. They compared the L1 translator’s target text (TT) with that of the L2 translator of the same source text (ST) and described the stylistic differences they found in the comparison. Since most analyses were based on a single ST, and the number of TTs was one in each direction (into L1 and L2, respectively), the results may only apply to the texts they analyzed in the study. To verify if the directionality of translation is the deciding factor of the stylistic traits found in each TT, this study examined 1) multiple parallel corpora comprised of multiple TTs of the same STs and 2) the corresponding translators’ other translations of different STs. After comparing a collection of TTs by the L1 group with those by the L2 group, the study found contrasting trends regarding word variety and contractions.
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Ahmed, Mohamed A. H. "Codes across languages: On the translation of literary code-switching." Multilingua 37, no. 5 (August 28, 2018): 483–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2017-0060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The translation of bilingual literary texts may challenge a translator when s/he needs to transfer some embedded, foreign codes from a language other than the dominant language of the source text (ST) into the target text (TT). This study analyses the way in which code-switching (CS) is transferred into a TT, looking at the translation strategies for CS in a non-European ST into European and non-European target texts. The source language text is Hebrew with Arabic incorporated into the Hebrew text in different ways, most often using CS. The target texts in the study are in Arabic, English, German and Italian languages. The main aim of this study is to show how code-switching in literary paradigms can be translated into a target text language, and to what extent the original structure of instances of CS is maintained, changed or even deleted in the target texts. The study compares four versions of target texts in Arabic, English, Italian and German, followed by an overview of how the same CS instances are transferred across different languages and cultures. Some problems and issues related to the transfer of instances of CS into the target texts are discussed in view of the typology of the CS strategy. The study concludes with an argument that a better understanding of literary CS terminology regarding both linguistic and creative features is necessary for a better translation of bilingual literary texts.
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Yu, Jing. "Translating ‘others’ as ‘us’ in Huckleberry Finn: dialect, register and the heterogeneity of standard language." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 26, no. 1 (February 2017): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947016674131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies on the translation of literary dialects have devoted much attention to linguistic features used in the recreation of source text dialects. Only limited discussions can be found on what strategies have been used in the translation of the source text (ST) standard language that the ST dialect is contrasted with. This is because studies on dialect translation have often rested on two assumptions: that standard language in the ST is always translated into a standard neutral target variety and that the use of standard language invariably leads to the erasure of literary effect in the target text (TT). Both assumptions are related to the misconception that standard language is a single neutral register. This article challenges these assumptions by proposing that translating dialect requires translating both sides of the dialect variation, that is to say, translating both the dialect itself and the standard language against which it is set in relief. Drawing particular attention to the translation of the standard side of the variation, this article sets out to achieve two purposes: (1) to explain how register varieties from standard language can function as sociolects in dialect translation, and (2) to build a dynamic model that incorporates both sides of the linguistic variation into the translation process. The following case study on the canonized Chinese translation of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Zhang Yousong and Zhang Zhenxian shows how social hierarchies and power structures in Twain’s work have been reversed in the translation so as to construct social ‘others’ as ‘us’ and a socially elevated version of ‘us’ – a ‘better us’.
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Bayer-Hohenwarter, Gerrit. "“Creative Shifts” as a Means of Measuring and Promoting Translational Creativity." Meta 56, no. 3 (March 6, 2012): 663–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008339ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thanks to Paul Kußmaul, the investigation of translational creativity has made considerable progress. The measurement of creativity, however, has remained a great challenge. The following article presents the results of the measurement of one aspect considered central to the notion of translational creativity, namely the measurement of the ability to depart from the source text (ST) structure by applying creative shifts, i.e., abstracting, modifying or concretising source text ideas in the target text (TT). Sixteen units of analysis from 4 experimental texts translated by 11 students of translation and 5 professional translators each were analysed with the aim of finding out how many of them constituted creative shifts as opposed to mere reproductions of the source text. The results of this sample analysis reveal that there are clear differences between student and professional behaviour and that a certain trend for the development of creative competence can be established. Moreover, these results do not only point to a methodologically interesting approach for analysing complex cognitive constructs, but they also provide a valuable starting point for pedagogic research and application.
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Zhu, Jianbin, and Zisheng Dong. "The Application of House’s Translation Quality Assessment Model in Chinese-English Translation." International Journal of Education and Humanities 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v4i2.1483.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article analyses the theoretical basis behind Juliane House’s translation quality assessment model, illustrates its operation, and verifies the application of this model to English translations of Chinese prose works by assessing the quality of Zhang Peiji’s English translation of Ba Jin’s Carpenter Lao Chen, and evaluates the quality of the translation. Overall, the source text (ST) of Carpenter Lao Chen and the target text (TT) are functionally equivalent, and the translation is an overt translation with a high quality.
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Carl, Michael, Andrew Tonge, and Isabel Lacruz. "A systems theory perspective on the translation process." Translation, Cognition & Behavior 2, no. 2 (September 6, 2019): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00026.car.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The translation process has often been described as a sequence of three steps, source text (ST) analysis, source-target transfer, and target text (TT) generation. We propose a radically different view, in which the human translation process consists of a hierarchy of interacting word and phrase translations systems which organize and integrate as dissipative structures. Activation of word (or phrase) translation systems is a non-selective subliminal process in the translator’s mind not restricted to one language. Depending on the entropy (i.e., the internal order) of the word translation systems, a human translator spends more or less time and energy during the translation process, which can be measured in the form of gaze patterns and production duration.
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Mishkurov, Eduard N., and Marina G. Novikova. "Translatability–Untranslatability Aporia as an Object of Discursive- Manipulative Games in Modern Theory and Methodology of Translation." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences 22, no. 5 (November 20, 2022): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within the framework of the cognitive-hermeneutic approach to the implementation of modern theoretical and methodological translation strategies and tactics, this article suggests taking the heat off the centuriesold confrontation between adherents and antagonists of the theory of untranslatability. Once we realize that the translatability–untranslatability dichotomy, which consists in the lack of an equivalent to a linguocultural phenomenon in the recipient language, is of academic nature, we will be able to remove this antinomy by means of a two-pronged cooperative transposition of the source text (ST) into the target language (TL) at the discursive-communicative level. The concept of translatability is linked with the use of regular translation equivalents, i.e. translation proper, while untranslatability is overcome using quasi-translation in the form of discursive-manipulative games. The latter are understood as a “free” communicative rendering of the ST content into the TL by means of translation manipulations, which are perceived as a positive phenomenon based on the cognitive-hermeneutic translation methodology. In the modern translatological interpretation, translation is presented as an alternation and a combination of translation techniques proper and manipulative games to ensure adequate adaptation of the ST content by means of the TL, while taking into consideration the linguistic and extralinguistic features of the ST. The basis for overcoming untranslatability and verifying the adopted translation decisions is a transdisciplinary approach to the procedure for generating the target text, which is expropriated by the potential recipient, at the discursive-communicative level. Discursivemanipulative translation games should not distort the semantic and stylistic parameters of the ST, even in cases where “it is difficult or impossible to find a concept that would be close to that of the source culture”. The main task of these games is to turn translation from the art of failure into the art of concordance between the cultures of the language pair in contact.
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Farkas, Krisztina. "A Bécsi Egyetem Szent László-orációi a 17. században." Gerundium 9, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29116/gerundium/2018/4/2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Saint Ladislaus’ Day Orations at the University of Vienna in the 17th Century. The University of Vienna played a highly important role in the promotion of Saint Ladislaus’ cult in the 16th century. The festive oration was presented on the occasion of the annual solemnities held in honour of St. Ladislaus by a specially chosen student. Due to the king’s presence and under the influence of Jesuit supervision actual political topics and analogies between Habsburg sovereigns and St. Ladislaus were highly appreciated in the text of orations. There are two sources of collected editions of St. Ladislaus day’s orations available for study. The first one is owed to Franciscus Xaverius Cetto who collected and published in 1693 orations presented after 1655. The second volume was produced by Miklós Jankovich at the end of the 18th century. The latter is the only source of Miklós Zrínyi’s first prose work (1634). He depicts St. Ladislaus as hero of knight king, predecissor of Ferdinand III. with the inclusion of first clues to Zrínyi’s future political programme. His thoughts are also reflected in the orations by counts Esterházy in which comparison to Habsburg monarchs gains even more emphasis. Similar parallelism appears on the portrait St. Ladislaus of the Nádasdy- Mausoleum which was inspired by the Augsburg and Brunn edition of the Thuróczy’s Chronicle (1488).
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Sidneva, M. V. "«Service to the Three Saints Mitrofan of Voronezh, Demetrius of Rostov and Tikhon of Zadonsk» by Bishop Jeremiah (Soloviev): the history of the text." Russian Journal of Church History 2, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 39–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/2686-973x-2021-56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The publication consists of a research article and the first publication of the source. The article presents a historical and source-oriented commentary on the service of Bishop Jeremiah (Solovyov) to three Russian prelates who were glorified in the 1860's Mitrofan of Voronezh, Demetrius of Rostov, and Tikhon of Zadonsk. The reason for the creation of this hymnographic monument was the intention of the former bishop of Nizhny Novgorod to consecrate one of the churches under construction in honor of these saints. When writing the service to the three saints, Bishop Jeremiah relied on a wide range of sources, including the works of St. Demetrius of Rostov and the penitential canon of Cyril of Turov. The publication is intended to illustrate Bishop Jeremiah's work as a hymnographer and to present a little-known example of a service to Russian saints composed during the Synodal period of the history of the Russian Church.
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Vinogradskaya, Nataliya L. "I. V. Vuich’s “Journal” as a Historical and Cultural Source." Two centuries of Russian classics 4, no. 3 (2022): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2022-4-3-178-195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the youthful diary in letters of Ivan Vasilyevich Vuich (1813–1884). Thе diary is kept in the Manuscript Department of the Russian State Library. The author of the diary came from the province to St. Petersburg to enter the School of Cavalry Junkers and Ensigns of the Guard. He lived in the capital for a year, preparing to the examinations and attending theaters, concerts, exhibitions, etc. in his leisure time. In 1830 he entered the School and studied there for another year, and then went with his regiment on a Polish campaign. In total, he lived in St. Petersburg for two years (1829–1830), during which he kept his diary in the form of letters addressed to his relatives. This genre is intermediate between a diary and a letter; it differs from a diary by the presence of a clearly designated addressee to whom the text is oriented. In particular, Vuich in his notes seeks to introduce relatives to the entertaining phenomena of metropolitan life. Thus, Vuich’s “journal” represents a lot of details of the city’s daily life; this makes it a useful source for studying the cultural history of the first third of the 19th century and for commenting on fiction and epistolary texts of this period, including letters of N. V. Gogol.
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Nwike, Christopher Chinedu. "An Intersemiotic Translation of Nkape Anya Ukwu." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1202.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Translation is involved with the information exchange from a language to the other. This study sets to work on the intersemiotic form of translation by focusing on ‘An intersemiotic translation of Nkape Anya Ukwu’ produced by Chianakwalam, S. W. in 1950 with the purpose of transferring the message of the source text from African orthography to the standard Igbo. In carrying out this exercise, the researcher adopted the phonetic and phonemic orthography a well as the 1984 descriptive translation theory of Toury as the frameworks of the study in order to properly render the ST into a standardized orthography. The study adopted the description in its analysis due to its nature, as it involves a literary text that embodies story telling. So, in order to retell or re-express the ST information in the standard Igbo, the researcher then explicates the same meaning by using standard Igbo orthography, and still maintains the original message without meaning loss. This study equally dwells on a chapter of Nkape Anya Ukwu in its analysis as it is enough to provide all the information that is needed in the study. The study discovered changes in the increase in number and rearrangements in the orthographies. In the course of this study, it is discovered that there is no much problem during the process of this qualitative research work because, the source text and the target text shares the same cultural background; in other words, they share all most everything in common.
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Mykhed, T. "WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY: IRONIC CONTEXT OF HIS “KYIV TEXT”." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 33 (2018): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2018.33.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the parody ballad by W. M. Thackeray "The Legend of St. Sophia of Kioff" (1839). An attempt was made to indicate the source of information about Kyiv, which could be found in Jane Porter’s historical novel "Thaddeus of Warsaw", written according to the testimonies of Polish emigrants. The ballad is interpreted as a traditional for English oral and written literature genre, which has acquired formal signs of printed text. All these signs are present in Thackeray's ballad, including the division into chapters, a functionally significant paratext, topical historical and cultural allusiveness, satirical-defamatory pathos, polemics. "Kyiv text" in Thackeray’s poem is modeled according to the genre conventions of the ballads about St. George, stating an informative narrative with a programmed and incessant general message. Thackeray creates the image of Kyiv in the traditions of utopian literature, calling it a real paradise. Kyiv happy residents became victims of envious neighbors, whose ethnographic and religious affiliation is absurdly mottled. Thackeray does not hold on to the historical truth, forming a fictional space, markers of which are stereotypes of romantic literature topos, comparisons, the allusion to the works and the style of Byron, Hoffman and other romantics. Irony becomes the defining ideological and aesthetic dominant of Thackeray’s ballad about the confrontation between the Kyivans and Cossack invaders, which, marked by intertext, forms the distance of the narrator from the text, inducing the reader to form his own ironic perception of both the artistic world of the work and of the reality.