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1
Ehara, Fumiaki, Ryouhei Tanaka, and Kanya Tanaka. "Development of a Wi-Fi-enabled Measurement System for a Body Conduction Sound." Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 3, no. 4 (October 25, 2015): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.3.174.
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Asakura, Takumi. "Bone Conduction Auditory Navigation Device for Blind People." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A navigation system using a binaural bone-conducted sound is proposed. This system has three features to accurately navigate the user to the destination point. First, the selection of the bone-conduction device and the optimal contact conditions between the device and the human head are discussed. Second, the basic performance of sound localization reproduced by the selected bone-conduction device with binaural sounds is confirmed considering the head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) obtained in the air-borne sound field. Here, a panned sound technique that may emphasize the localization of the sound is also validated. Third, to ensure the safety of the navigating person, which is the most important factor in the navigation of a visually impaired person by voice guidance, an appropriate warning sound reproduced by the bone-conduction device is investigated. Finally, based on the abovementioned conditions, we conduct an auditory navigation experiment using bone-conducted guide announcement. The time required to reach the destination of the navigation route is shorter in the case with voice information including the binaural sound reproduction, as compared to the case with only voice information. Therefore, a navigation system using binaural bone-conducted sound is confirmed to be effective.
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Georgescu, Madalina, V. Budu, Daniela Vrinceanu, and Magdalena Cernea. "BONEBRIDGE – ACTIVE BONE CONDUCTION HEARING AID." Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbeef-2017-0020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract For individuals with conductive or mixed hearing loss, a bone conduction system can be a very effective treatment option. These systems bypass the outer and middle ear to send sound vibrations directly to the cochlea. This offers a natural sound quality for recipients. BONEBRIDGE is the first active, intact skin hearing implant for bone conduction stimulation, ideal for moderate to severe conduction hearing losses. It is a semi-implantable system, consisting of a surgical implantable part and an externally worn audio processor. Biomaterials used proved their safety, with very low rate of medical complications (skin infections, chronic suppurative otitis media, biofilm formation or extrusion).
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Fumiaki, Ehara, Tsuruda Toshiaki, and Kanya Tanaka. "Development of a Heart Rate Measurement Method Using Body Conduction Sound Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 103 (September 2011): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.616.
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A measurement method of heart rate is suggested, that is able to calculate a heart rate from a heartbeat sound which is measured by a body conduction sound sensor. The heart rate is obtained to calculate the autocorrelation of the sound. The effectiveness of this method is supported by comparison of values measured by a blood pressure monitor and a body conduction sound sensor. When we make a measurement system using a microcomputer, it could not measure heartbeat sounds at a high frequency because of performance of the hardware. In case of lower sampling frequency is checked and, it is shown that the correct heart rates are measured in the case of a sampling frequency is hundreds of hertz in the method.
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TERADA, Satoshi, Shigeru WESUGI, and Yoshiyuki MIWA. "5320 Development of Body Sound Measurement System by Flesh Conduction." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.4 (2006): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.4.0_329.
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Bosman, Arjan J., Ad F. M. Snik, Myrthe K. S. Hol, and Emmanuel A. M. Mylanus. "Evaluation of a New Powerful Bone-Anchored Hearing System: A Comparison Study." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 06 (June 2013): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.6.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The recent introduction of digital hearing aid technology for bone-conduction devices employing percutaneous stimulation may be beneficial for patients with conductive and mixed hearing loss and single sided deafness. Purpose: Performance of a recently released sound processor for bone-anchored implants, the Ponto Pro Power from Oticon Medical (bone-conduction device 2 [BCD2]), was compared with that of the Baha Intenso from Cochlear (bone-conduction device 1 [BCD1]). Research Design: Direct comparison of the subject's own device (BCD1) with the new device (BCD2) was examined in a nonrandomized design. Subjects were initially tested with BCD1. BCD2 was tested after a 4 wk acclimatization period. Study Sample: Eighteen subjects with mixed hearing loss and with at least 4 mo experience with BCD1 completed the study. Mean air-conduction and bone-conduction thresholds averaged across the frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz were 73.9 and 34.2 dB HL, respectively. Data Collection and Analysis: Performance of the two devices was evaluated objectively by measuring aided free-field thresholds, speech perception in quiet, and speech perception in noise. A subjective evaluation was carried out with the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) (Cox and Alexander, 1995) and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) questionnaire (Gatehouse and Noble, 2004). In addition, user experiences, user satisfaction, and device preference were obtained via proprietary questionnaires. Statistical significance was established with analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) and paired t-statistics with Bonferroni correction. Results: Aided free-field thresholds and speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in quiet were not statistically significantly different for either device (p > 0.05). In contrast, SRTs in noise were 2.0 dB lower (p < 0.001) for BCD2 than for BCD1. APHAB questionnaire scores on all subscales provided statistically significantly greater benefit (p < 0.05) for BCD2 than for BCD1. Also, with the SSQ most items in the speech and sound quality domain were significantly more favorable (p < 0.05) for BCD2 than for BCD1. Finally, all subjects preferred BCD2 over BCD1 with 14 subjects reporting a strong preference and four subjects an average preference for the digital signal processing provided by BCD2 over previous technology provided by BCD1.
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Cameron, C. B., and G. O. Mackie. "Conduction pathways in the nervous system of Saccoglossus sp. (Enteropneusta)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A species of Saccoglossus from Barkley Sound, British Columbia, was observed in the field and found to exhibit a startle withdrawal response. Optical and electron microscopy of the nerve cords failed to reveal giant axons. The dorsal collar cord and ventral trunk cord consist of small axons with a mean diameter of 0.4 μm. The majority of the axons run longitudinally and there is no indication of a specialized integrative centre. Electrical recordings from the nerve cords show events interpreted as compound action potentials. The potentials are through-conducted from proboscis to trunk. Such propagated events probably mediate startle withdrawal. Conduction velocities did not exceed 40 cm∙s−1 in any part of the nervous system.
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Jonghoon, Jeon, Jonghoon Jeon, Kyunglae Gu, and Junhong Park. "Study for the interaction between the medium in the middle ear and vibro-acoustic transmission." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5538–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3138.
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This study presented a quantitative evaluation index related to sound response for diagnosis of middle ear condition. The signal transmission paths for human perception of sound are divided into bone conduction and air conduction, respectively, depending on the path through which vibration and sound are transmitted. The components of auditory system that can affect the sound signal variability include temporal bone, ear canal, eardrum, and middle ear cavity. The specific acoustic impedances were obtained through simple geometric model of the auditory components, and the sound transmission mechanism was implemented through the outer-middle ear circuit model. The frequency range corresponding to the resonance characteristics of each components were calculated. The response difference for the medium of middle ear was confirmed by deriving frequency response function between the input sound and the output sound in the frequency domain through the transfer function method. The reliability of the algorithm was confirmed through the ROC curve, and individual evaluation indexes were derived according to the priority factor between classification accuracy and error rate.
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RACKE, REINHARD, and YA-GUANG WANG. "NONLINEAR WELL-POSEDNESS AND RATES OF DECAY IN THERMOELASTICITY WITH SECOND SOUND." Journal of Hyperbolic Differential Equations 05, no. 01 (March 2008): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021989160800143x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Cauchy problem in nonlinear thermoelasticity with second sound in one space dimension is considered. Due to Cattaneo's law, replacing Fourier's law for heat conduction, the system is hyperbolic. The local well-posedness as a strictly hyperbolic system is investigated first, and then the relation between energy estimates for non-symmetric hyperbolic systems and well-posedness are discussed. For the global small solution, the long time behavior is described and the decay rates of the L2-norm are obtained.
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Veselý, Miroslav, Břetislav Gál, Jiří Hložek, František Silný, and Jan Hanák. "Bonebridge – an active direct bone conduction hearing device in rehabilitation of single sided deafness Czech version." Otorinolaryngologie a foniatrie 70, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccorl202165.
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Overview Introduction: Bonebridge is a direct bone conduction hearing implantable system. The aim of the work is to present pilot results of rehabilitation of single sided deafness using this system. Material and methods: Analysis of three patients with single-sideded deafness, who underwent BB implantation in 2018 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of St. Anna Hospital in Brno. Evaluation parameters: Bern Benefi t in Single-Sided Deafness Questionnaire, experimental examination of directional hearing and hearing in noise test. Results: Questionnaire: Within the visual analog scale in the range of –5 to +5 points, the average rating was + 2.4 points, so listening was rated as easier with Bonebridge than without hearing aids. The ability to locate the sound source was evaluated by 4 and 0–1 points in one and two respondents, respectively. Examination of spatial hearing: without hearing aid, the ability to locate the sound source was signifi cantly impaired in all the examined. With Bonebridge, with a tolerated deviation of 45°, the success rate of sound source localization was 75–100% in the range of 0–360° in the horizontal plane. Hearing in noise test: the greatest improvement in intelligibility (by 30–100%) was achieved with Bonebridge at SNR –5 dB. Conclusion: Bonebridge is not able to restore binaural hearing in patients with single sided deafness, it is a pseudo-binaural correction. Like other implantable bone conduction systems, Bonebridge is benefi tial for patients with single sided deafness in a variety of listening situations. Using experimental audiological tests, the contribution of Bonebridge to understanding sentences in acoustic noise and improving the ability to locate the sound source was found. However, validation of the results would require a larger number of probands. Keywords: single-sided deafness – BAHD – Bonebridge – bone conduction hearing implant – hearing in noise – directional hearing test
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Tsang, W. S. S., J. K. Y. Yu, K. S. S. Bhatia, T. K. C. Wong, and M. C. F. Tong. "The Bonebridge semi-implantable bone conduction hearing device: experience in an Asian patient." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 12 (October 29, 2013): 1214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215113002144.
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AbstractFor over three decades, bone conduction hearing aids have been changing the lives of patients with impaired hearing. The size, appearance and fitting discomfort of early generations of bone conduction hearing aids made them unpopular. The advent of bone-anchored hearing aids in the 1970s offered patients improved sound quality and fitting comfort, due to the application of osseointegration. However, the issue of post-operative peri-abutment pin tract wound infection persisted. The Bonebridge system incorporates the first active bone conduction device, and aims to resolve peri-abutment issues. Implantation of this system in an Asian patient is presented.
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Fujise, Akiko. "Estimation of otoacoustic emission and excitation force of bone conduction actuator by combined lumped parameter model." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In sound presentation system using actuators which excite the surface of the pinna or head, both otoacoustic emission and vibration transmission inside the body contribute to the perception of the sound. The contribution of these pathways is affected by both the location of the excitation and mechanical characteristic of the actuator, leaving the optimal output level of the actuator to mask environmental sound or to present information yet to be estimated. This study, therefore, proposes a simplified model which combines an acoustic equivalent circuit of ear canal and a mechanical equivalent circuit of the tissues of the head. The model enables to estimate both otoacoustic emission component directly corresponding with the loudness for air conducted sound and the component of the transmission inside the head which requires the measurement of the loudness level individually by each excitation location. As the preliminary investigation preceding the establishment of the proposed model towards the human, these two components were calculated using the known parameter values for artificial ear and artificial mastoid. The results indicate that the stiffness of the excited soft tissue and the type of the actuator strongly affect the cutoff frequencies, resonances, and anti-resonances observed within the audible range.
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Reddy-Kolanu, RWC, RWC Gan, and AH Marshall. "A case series of a magnetic bone conduction hearing implant." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, no. 8 (November 2016): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0236.
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The objective of the study was to retrospectively review the postoperative outcomes of patients from a single centre who were implanted with a magnetic bone conduction hearing implant system. The medical and audiological case notes of all patients (n = 34) in a tertiary referral centre ENT department who had been implanted with a Baha® 4 Attract System between October 2013 and April 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. The main outcome measures were use of the aid and complications from implantation or use of the aid. Results indicated that 23 patients had no significant postoperative problems; 5 required an alteration in magnet strength; 1 reported troublesome tinnitus; 1 had the implant changed to an abutment system; 1 had the magnet removed; 1 has ongoing skin problems; 2 have been changed to a newer, lighter sound processor. The majority of patients had good outcomes from the magnetic bone conduction aid. A proportion of patients had significant problems requiring medical attention.
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Han, Jae Sang, Jung Mee Park, Yun Jin Kang, and Shi Nae Park. "A Case of Simultaneous Active Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Implantation (BonebridgeTM) Performed with Subtotal Petrosectomy." Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 63, no. 8 (August 21, 2020): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2019.00773.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subtotal petrosectomy (STP) is an effective treatment modality for recurrent suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and cochlear implant (CI) may be combined for auditory rehabilitation. An active transcutaneous bone conduction implantation system, known as Bonebridge<sup>TM</sup> (BB) (MED-EL), is indicated for conductive or mixed hearing loss as well as for single-side deafness, but no cases of BB implantation during STP have been reported. A 37-year-old woman who had previously undergone radical mastoidectomy visited our clinic. The left side was deaf and the CT scan showed total ossification of the cochlea, indicating that CI was not possible. STP was performed and bone conduction-floating mass transducer was placed at a sinodural angle. A month later, the sound processor was applied successfully without any complications. This case suggests that BB implantation during STP may be another effective therapeutic option for CSOM patients who have difficulty undergoing CI procedure.
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Perng, Jau-Woei, Tung-Li Hsieh, and Cheng-Yan Guo. "A Novel Dentary Bone Conduction Device Equipped with Laser Communication in DSP." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 4229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124229.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, we designed a dentary bone conduction system that transmits and receives audio by laser. The main objective of this research was to propose a complete hardware design method, including a laser audio transmitter and receiver and digital signal processor (DSP) based digital signal processing system. We also present a digital filter algorithm that can run on a DSP in real time. This experiment used the CMU ARCTIC databases’ human-voice reading audio as the standard audio. We used a piezoelectric sensor to measure the vibration signal of the bone conduction transducer (BCT) and separately calculated the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the digitally filtered audio output and the unfiltered audio output using DSP. The SNR of the former was twice that of the latter, and the BCT output quality significantly improved. From the results, we can conclude that the dentary bone conduction system integrated with a DSP digital filter enhances sound quality.
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Said-Houari, Belkacem, and Taklit Hamadouche. "The asymptotic behavior of the Bresse–Cattaneo system." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 18, no. 04 (May 3, 2016): 1550045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219199715500455.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we investigate the decay properties of the Bresse–Cattaneo system in the whole space. We show that the coupling of the Bresse system with the heat conduction of the Cattaneo theory leads to a loss of regularity of the solution and we prove that the decay rate of the solution is very slow. In fact, we show that the [Formula: see text]-norm of the solution decays with the rate of [Formula: see text]. The behavior of solutions depends on a certain number [Formula: see text] (which is the same stability number for the Timoshenko–Cattaneo system [Damping by heat conduction in the Timoshenko system: Fourier and Cattaneo are the same, J. Differential Equations 255(4) (2013) 611–632; The stability number of the Timoshenko system with second sound, J. Differential Equations 253(9) (2012) 2715–2733]) which is a function of the parameters of the system. In addition, we show that we obtain the same decay rate as the one of the solution for the Bresse–Fourier model [The Bresse system in thermoelasticity, to appear in Math. Methods Appl. Sci.].
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Kurz, Anja, Mark Flynn, Marco Caversaccio, and Martin Kompis. "Speech Understanding with a New Implant Technology: A Comparative Study with a New Nonskin Penetrating Baha System." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/416205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective.To compare hearing and speech understanding between a new, nonskin penetrating Baha system (Baha Attract) to the current Baha system using a skin-penetrating abutment.Methods.Hearing and speech understanding were measured in 16 experienced Baha users. The transmission path via the abutment was compared to a simulated Baha Attract transmission path by attaching the implantable magnet to the abutment and then by adding a sample of artificial skin and the external parts of the Baha Attract system. Four different measurements were performed: bone conduction thresholds directly through the sound processor (BC Direct), aided sound field thresholds, aided speech understanding in quiet, and aided speech understanding in noise.Results.The simulated Baha Attract transmission path introduced an attenuation starting from approximately 5 dB at 1000 Hz, increasing to 20–25 dB above 6000 Hz. However, aided sound field threshold shows smaller differences and aided speech understanding in quiet and in noise does not differ significantly between the two transmission paths.Conclusion.The Baha Attract system transmission path introduces predominately high frequency attenuation. This attenuation can be partially compensated by adequate fitting of the speech processor. No significant decrease in speech understanding in either quiet or in noise was found.
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Bahmad Jr, Fayez, Carolina Cardoso, Fernanda Caldas, Monique Barreto, Anacléia Hilgenberg, Marina Teixeira, and Lucieny Serra. "Hearing Rehabilitation through Bone-Conducted Sound Stimulation: Preliminary Results." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 23, no. 01 (October 11, 2018): 012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1670694.
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Introduction The bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) is a bone conduction system that transmits the sound directly to the inner ear by surpassing the skin impedance and the subcutaneous tissue. It is indicated for patients with mixed, conductive and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss who did not benefit from conventional hearing aids (HAs). Although the benefits from BAHA are well demonstrated internationally, this field still lacks studies in Brazil. Objective To assess the auditory rehabilitation process in BAHA users through audiological, speech perception and tinnitus aspects. Methods Individuals with hearing loss were assessed before and after the implantation. The participants were subjected to pure tone audiometry in free field, functional gain audiometry, speech perception tests, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) in open format, and to the visual analog scale (VAS). Results It was found that the participants benefited from the use of BAHA. The difference in the performance of the participants before and after the BAHA surgery was significant in terms of hearing acuity. There was no statistically significant difference in the speech perception tests. The tinnitus assessment showed that 80% of the participants scored slight tinnitus severity in THI after using a BAHA. Eighty percent of the participants classified their tinnitus as absent to mild in the VAS after the surgery. Conclusion Based on the results of the current study, we can conclude that the participants improved both the auditory perception and the tinnitus handicap.
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Wiatr, Maciej, Agnieszka Wiatr, Sebastian Kocoń, and Jacek Składzień. "Factors that have an influence on bone conduction thresholds changes after otosurgery in the patients operated on due to the perforation of the tympanic membrane with the preserved ossicular chain." Otolaryngologia Polska 71, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: The aim of the middle ear surgery is to eliminate abnormalities from the mucous, ensure the due airing of the postoperative cavity and reconstruct the sound-conducting system in the middle ear. Numerous reports can be found in literature on the changes to bone conduction as a consequence of middle ear surgery. Study objective: The aim of the work is to define the factors that affect bone conduction in the patients operated on due to the perforation of the tympanic membrane with the preserved and normal mobile ossicular chain. Material and method: A prospective analysis of patients operated on due to diseases of the middle ear in 2009–2012 was carried out. The cases of patients operated on for the first time due to chronic otitis media were taken into consideration. The analysis encompassed the patients who had undergone myringoplasty. The patients were divided into several groups taking into account the abnormalities of the mucous observed during otosurgery. Results: A significant improvement of bone conduction was observed in the patients with dry perforation, without other lesions in the middle ear. The appropriate pharmacological treatment before otosurgery in patients with permanent discharge from the ear resulted in significant bone conduction improvement. The elimination of granulation lesions turned out to be a positive factor for the future improvement of the function of the inner ear. Conclusions: The lack of abnormalities on the mucous of the middle ear (e.g. granulation,) and discharge has a positive impact on improvement of bone conduction after myringoplasty. Adhesions in the tympanic cavity, especially in the niche of the round window, have a negative impact on improvement of bone conduction in patients after myringoplasty.
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Russu, Georgiana, Cristina Rusu, and Alexandra Grosu. "HEARING DISORDERS – PART OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME." Romanian Journal of Pediatrics 65, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjp.2016.2.4.
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Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) (1-2/1000 newborns), resulting from maternal consumption of alcohol early in the pregnancy, consists in: persistent growth failure, low weight, microcephaly, characteristic facial features, congenital heart diseases (especially septal defects), minor anomalies of joints and limbs, disorders of central nervous system development and function. The complexity, severity and frequency of the anomalies depends on the amount of the ingested alcohol associated or not with other risk factors: low socio-economic level, psychologic disturbances, smoking, drugs. Hearing disorders determined by maternal alcohol consumption, although not classically included in the FAS, and also chronic ear infections, are associated in variable severity degrees. Audiologic procedures performed in FAS children revealed four main hearing disorders: delayed development of auditory function associated with language disorders, sensorineural hearing loss (disorders of middle ear and conductive system), intermittent loss of sound vibrations conduction, hearing loss by central auditory nervous system deficits. Early detection of hearing anomalies alleviates the prognosis by early interventions.
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Bradel, Susanne, Laura Doniga-Crivat, Silke Besdo, Franziska Lexow, Michael Fehr, Thomas Lenarz, Nils Prenzler та Gudrun Brandes. "Innovative 3D Model of the Human Middle Ear in High Resolution with a Histological Microgrinding Method: A Feasibility Study and Comparison with μCT". International Journal of Otolaryngology 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6753604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conclusion. The development of a histological 3D model of the tympanic cavity visualizes the exact microanatomy of the sound conduction organ and is therefore essential for finite elements simulations and surgical training. Objectives. So far, no accurate histological 3D model of the sound conduction system existed in literature. For 3D reconstruction of the very fine structures inside and outside the auditory ossicles, a method based on histological slices allows a more differential analysis of both hard and soft tissues and could thus be superior to μCT. Method. A complete temporal bone was embedded in epoxy resin and microground in distances of about 34 μm. After photodocumentation of every plane, a 3D reconstruction was performed by using the Computer Aided Design (CAD) program Rhinoceros 5®. For comparison, a μCT of the same specimen resulted in a 3D model of the calcified structures in the middle ear. Results. The histological 3D model gives an excellent overview to all anatomical soft and bony tissues of the human auditory ossicles. Specifically the fine blood vessel system and the exact dimension of cartilage areas inside the ossicles can be illustrated much more precisely than with μCT data. The present technique also allows the evaluation of the fine connecting ligaments inside the tympanic cavity.
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Li, Jia, Liujie Ren, Tongge Wu, Dongming Yin, Peidong Dai, Lifen Chen, and Tianyu Zhang. "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Vibration Modes and Transcranial Attenuation Characteristics in Unilateral Bone Conduction Hearing." Shock and Vibration 2020 (June 1, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4962098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bone conduction (BC) hearing devices have been used to improve hearing in patients with unilateral conductive hearing loss; however, the clinical results of improvement in the sound localization ability are still controversial. Transcranial transmission in BC may be an important factor affecting sound localization abilities. Transcranial or interaural attenuation, derived from energy attenuation during the BC process, is determined by the different transfer functions of multiple pathways and affected by the whole-head vibration modes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the frequency dependence of BC vibration modes of the whole head, the contribution of middle and inner ear pathways to BC hearing, and the relationship between transcranial attenuation results by dynamics measurement and hearing thresholds. Experimental studies of vibration modes and transcranial attenuation characteristics in BC are performed using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) measurements on human cadaver heads. Differences in vibration modes between the excitation and contralateral sides are observed. Additionally, a multiscale human whole-head FE model, including the skull, bony outer ear, ossicular chains, and bony inner ear structures, is proposed to study the mechanism of BC in the human hearing system. After verifying the rationality of the FE model using mechanical impedance and frequency response data, the transcranial attenuation on the temporal bone surfaces and the middle ear structure is calculated in the FE model. Moreover, the vibration characteristics of bilateral ossicular chains and the cochlear bony wall are observed in the whole-head FM model to study their contributions to BC hearing. By analyzing the experimental and numerical results of the vibration modes and the frequency response of the whole head incorporating the ossicular chain and cochlear bony wall, the intrinsic relationship between the results of transcranial attenuation by 1D LDV, 3D LDV, and hearing threshold measurements is further investigated.
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Serpanos, Yula C., Melissa Hobbs, Karina Nunez, Lucia Gambino, and Jasmin Butler. "Adapting Audiology Procedures During the Pandemic: Validity and Efficacy of Testing Outside a Sound Booth." American Journal of Audiology 31, no. 1 (March 3, 2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_aja-21-00108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: This investigation aims to provide outcomes from a clinical perspective on the validity and efficacy of a wireless automated audiometer system that could be used in multiple settings when a sound booth is not accessible. Testing was conducted in a clinical setting under modified protocols meeting safety precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Four doctoral students in audiology served as examiners. Participants were 69 adults between the ages of 20 and 69 years, with normal hearing (≤ 25 dB HL; n = 110 ears) or hearing loss (> 25 dB HL; n = 25 ears). Two versions of a pure-tone air-conduction threshold test following a modified Hughson-Westlake approach were performed and compared at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz (a) in a sound-treated test booth using standard manual audiometry and (b) in a quiet, nonsound-treated clinical room (sound booth free) using automated KUDUwave audiometry. Participants were asked to complete a five-item feedback questionnaire, and examiners were interviewed to report on their experience. Results: Clinical validity to within ±10 dB of standard audiometry was demonstrated for 94.5% of the total thresholds ( n = 937) measured with the sound booth–free approach. Less accuracy (73.3%) was observed using a ±5 dB comparison. When comparing the mean thresholds, there were significant differences ( p < .01) between the mean thresholds at most frequencies, with mean sound booth thresholds being higher than the sound booth–free mean thresholds. A strong threshold correlation (.91–.98) was found between the methods across frequencies. Participant and examiner feedback supported the efficacy of the sound booth–free technology. Conclusions: Findings support sound booth–free, automated software-controlled audiometry with active noise monitoring as a valid and efficient procedure for pure-tone hearing threshold assessment. This method offers an effective alternative when circumstances require more transportable hearing assessment technology or do not allow for standard manual audiometry in a sound booth.
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Job, Katarzyna, and Jacek Składzień. "The prognostic influence of pre-surgery bone conduction values on the improvement of hearing in patients treated surgically as a result of middle-ear conditions." Otolaryngologia Polska 74, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background The influence of the mechanics of the middle ear on the function of the inner ear has been studied for many years. Among surgeries performed in the middle-ear area, those restoring full functionality of the system transmitting sound inside the middle ear may be pointed out as those fully restoring the mechanical influence of the middle ear on the function of the inner ear. Aim: The aim of the performed analysis is to find the prognostic importance of measured pre-surgery values of bone conduction on the improvement of hearing in patients operated as a result of middle-ear disorders. Methods The analysis included 271 patients hospitalised and operated on due to otosclerosis or perforation of the tympanic membrane between 2016 and 2019. Only patients who had not had a surgical operation within the middle ear prior to the study were included. An audiological assessment was performed with the use of pure tone thresholds audiometry. Results A beneficial influence of the performed surgery on the improvement of bone conduction was observed in patients, in which the average threshold value of bone conduction measured before the surgery did not exceed 40 dB. In cases of the perceptive component of hearing impairment being higher than 40 dB, no statistically significant, beneficial influence of a performed stapedotomy or myringoplasty on the change of bone conduction thresholds was observed. Conclusion The perception component of hearing impairment up to 40 dB indicates bone conduction improvement after surgical restoration of the influence of middle-ear mechanics on the inner ear in patients treated as a result of otosclerosis, as well as of eardrum perforation.
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Zhou, Yi, Yufan Chen, Yongbao Ma, and Hongqing Liu. "A Real-Time Dual-Microphone Speech Enhancement Algorithm Assisted by Bone Conduction Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 5050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The quality and intelligibility of the speech are usually impaired by the interference of background noise when using internet voice calls. To solve this problem in the context of wearable smart devices, this paper introduces a dual-microphone, bone-conduction (BC) sensor assisted beamformer and a simple recurrent unit (SRU)-based neural network postfilter for real-time speech enhancement. Assisted by the BC sensor, which is insensitive to the environmental noise compared to the regular air-conduction (AC) microphone, the accurate voice activity detection (VAD) can be obtained from the BC signal and incorporated into the adaptive noise canceller (ANC) and adaptive block matrix (ABM). The SRU-based postfilter consists of a recurrent neural network with a small number of parameters, which improves the computational efficiency. The sub-band signal processing is designed to compress the input features of the neural network, and the scale-invariant signal-to-distortion ratio (SI-SDR) is developed as the loss function to minimize the distortion of the desired speech signal. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed real-time speech enhancement system provides significant speech sound quality and intelligibility improvements for all noise types and levels when compared with the AC-only beamformer with a postfiltering algorithm.
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Walton, Peggy L., Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard, and Catherine E. Carr. "Evolution of Sound Source Localization Circuits in the Nonmammalian Vertebrate Brainstem." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 90, no. 2 (2017): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000476028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The earliest vertebrate ears likely subserved a gravistatic function for orientation in the aquatic environment. However, in addition to detecting acceleration created by the animal's own movements, the otolithic end organs that detect linear acceleration would have responded to particle movement created by external sources. The potential to identify and localize these external sources may have been a major selection force in the evolution of the early vertebrate ear and in the processing of sound in the central nervous system. The intrinsic physiological polarization of sensory hair cells on the otolith organs confers sensitivity to the direction of stimulation, including the direction of particle motion at auditory frequencies. In extant fishes, afferents from otolithic end organs encode the axis of particle motion, which is conveyed to the dorsal regions of first-order octaval nuclei. This directional information is further enhanced by bilateral computations in the medulla and the auditory midbrain. We propose that similar direction-sensitive neurons were present in the early aquatic tetrapods and that selection for sound localization in air acted upon preexisting brain stem circuits like those in fishes. With movement onto land, the early tetrapods may have retained some sensitivity to particle motion, transduced by bone conduction, and later acquired new auditory papillae and tympanic hearing. Tympanic hearing arose in parallel within each of the major tetrapod lineages and would have led to increased sensitivity to a broader frequency range and to modification of the preexisting circuitry for sound source localization.
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Posta, Bálint, János András Jarabin, Ádám Perényi, Zsófia Bere, Adriana Neagos, Ferenc Tóth, József Géza Kiss, and László Rovó. "Fiatalkori hallásrehabilitáció Baha® Attract implantátumrendszerrel." Orvosi Hetilap 158, no. 8 (February 2017): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2017.30675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: Introduction: Baha® Attract is a new transcutaneous bone-conduction hearing aid, which is more preferable in childhood than the conventional percutaneous systems. Aim: Our aim was to demonstrate the possibilities of application in childhood. Method: Eight children have undergone surgeries (mean age of 13.2 ± 3.2 years; “posterosuperior” incision technique, 5 mm implants). The thickness of the skull bone was determined in 72 children (1-8 years old) at the recommended implant site, based on CT scans. Results: The average duration of surgeries was 30 minutes. There were no intra- and postoperative complications observed. Sound processors were fitted at the postoperative 4th week. Hearing measurements proved 51.58±11.22SD dBHL gain in warble tone thresholds, and 43.3 ± 16.02 SD dB in speech discrimination thresholds. The skull bone thickness was measured as 3.39 ± 1.05 SD mm. Conclusion: The Baha Attract system is a new tool for hearing rehabilitation in pediatric population. Preoperative CT provides valuable knowledge about skull bone thickness. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(8), 304–310.
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Straughan, B. "Porous convection with local thermal non-equilibrium temperatures and with Cattaneo effects in the solid." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2157 (September 8, 2013): 20130187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is increasing interest in convection in local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) porous media. This is where the solid skeleton and the fluid may have different temperatures. There is also increasing interest in thermal wave motion, especially at the microscale and nanoscale, and particularly in solids. Much of this work has been based on the famous model proposed by Carlo Cattaneo in 1948. In this paper, we develop a model for thermal convection in a fluid-saturated Darcy porous medium allowing the solid and fluid parts to be at different temperatures. However, we base our thermodynamics for the fluid on Fourier's law of heat conduction, whereas we allow the solid skeleton to transfer heat by means of the Cattaneo heat flux theory. This leads to a novel system of partial differential equations involving Darcy's law, a parabolic fluid temperature equation and effectively a hyperbolic solid skeleton temperature equation. This system leads to novel physics, and oscillatory convection is found, whereas for the standard LTNE Darcy model, this does not exist. We are also able to derive a rigorous nonlinear global stability theory, unlike work in thermal convection in other second sound systems in porous media.
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Agisheva, U. O., I. I. Vdovenko, and M. N. Galimzyanov. "The effect of diffusion on the acoustic properties of a bubble fluid." Multiphase Systems 14, no. 3 (2019): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/mfs2019.3.023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problems of wave propagation in bubble media have been of great interest to researchers for almost half a century in connection with the wide distribution of these systems in nature and their intensive use in modern technologies. It is known from the literature that the intensity of attenuation of sound disturbances in the gas-liquid media under consideration is mainly determined by the thermophysical characteristics of the gas in the bubbles. It turns out that these effects are significantly enhanced with increasing vapor concentration due to an increase in the temperature of the system. There are a large number of publications in the literature in which various statements of the wave action on bubble media have been considered. In the present work, the propagation of small perturbations in a liquid with bubbles filled with vapor and a gas insoluble in the liquid phase is considered in the plane one-dimensional and single-velocity approximations. The rate of liquid evaporation (condensation) inside the bubble was determined from the condition of heat balance. To take into account interphase heat and mass transfer, the heat conduction and diffusion equations inside the bubble and the heat conduction equation in the fluid around the bubble are used. From the condition for the existence of a solution in the form of a decaying traveling wave, taking into account the effects of acoustic unloading of bubbles, the dispersion equation is written. From the condition for the existence of a solution in the form of a decaying traveling wave, taking into account the effects of acoustic unloading of bubbles, the dispersion equation is written. Based on the obtained dispersion equation, relations are written for the equilibrium speed of sound depending on the thermophysical parameters of the medium and numerical calculations are performed for water with vapor-gas bubbles. The features of the reflection of harmonic waves from the interface between the “pure” liquid and liquid with vapor-gas bubbles are studied. The influence of the perturbation frequency and the temperature of the medium on the attenuation coefficient of the acoustic wave is studied. The influence of diffusion on the evolution of harmonic waves is analyzed.
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Shidlovskaya, Tetiana, Kateryna Kurenyova, Elena Poimanova, and Yurii Molochek. "Detection of concomitant pathology of the middle ear according to tympanometry in children with hoarseness." OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, no. 1(2) 2019 (March 9, 2019): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2019-1-71.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim: to study of the state of the vocal apparatus in children with hoarseness using videolaryngoscopy and assessment of the state conducting part of the auditory analyzer according impedance audiometry. Materials and methods: 24 children aged 4 to 10 years old were examined, whose parents complained of hoarseness in children (from several weeks to 1 year). Perceptual voice assessment in children showed hoarseness of the voice of varying degrees. Videolaryngoscopic examination was performed using a videolaryngoscope of the company «Karl Shtorz» (Germany), impedancemetry – using a clinical impedancemeter «Siemens SD-30» (Germany). Results: After examining the state of the voice apparatus and the middle ear in children with complaints about the hoarseness, we have found that according to videolaryngoscopy, they have changes in the form of swollenness, a slight hyperemia of vocal folds. According to the impedance measurement, in 17 out of 24 patients, a tympanogram of type «C» was detected, and in 7 of them there was a pronounced reduction of compilation of the tympanogram, indicating certain violations in the sound conduction system. Conclusion: When examining children with voice impairment, it is important to adhere to a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and to evaluate not only the state of the vocal apparatus, but also to remember the possible accompanying pathology of the nasopharynx, the nose and the auditory analyzer.
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Yu, Joannie Ka Yin, Lena Lai Nar Wong, Willis Sung Shan Tsang, and Michael Chi Fai Tong. "A Tutorial on Implantable Hearing Amplification Options for Adults with Unilateral Microtia and Atresia." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/703256.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background.Patients with unilateral atresia and microtia encounter problems in sound localization and speech understanding in noise. Although there are four implantable hearing devices available, there is little discussion and evidence on the application of these devices on patients with unilateral atresia and microtia problems.Objective.This paper will review the details of these four implantable hearing devices for the treatment of unilateral atresia. They are percuteaneous osseointegrated bone anchored hearing aid, Vibrant Soundbridge middle ear implant, Bonebridge bone conduction system, and Carina fully implantable hearing device.Methods.Four implantable hearing devices were reviewed and compared. The clinical decision process that led to the recommendation of a device was illustrated by using a case study.Conclusions.The selection of appropriate implantable hearing devices should be based on various factors, including radiological findings and patient preferences, possible surgical complications, whether the device is Food and Drug Administration- (FDA-)/CE-approved, and the finances. To ensure the accurate evaluation of candidacy and outcomes, the evaluation methods should be adapted to suite the type of hearing device.
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Arutyunov, S. D., A. G. Stepanov, A. M. Elovikov, A. S. Arutyunov, A. A. Yuzhakov, V. I. Freiman, D. I. Polyakov, and N. B. Astashina. "Bionic ear prosthesis: the coming future." Perm Medical Journal 37, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj37491-100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. To develop the bionic ear prosthesis design and a method for its manufacture based on intellectual and medical 3D technologies.
Materials and methods. Taking into account the analysis of data from domestic and foreign literature, a bionic ear prosthesis and a device for its manufacture have been developed. During the implementation of the project, digital equipment and software were used.
The developed design of a bionic ear prosthesis consists of several components, including an auricle prosthesis and a sound processor inserted into it. This provides the functionality of remote control, configuration and wireless charging. The system is based on the principle of bone conduction. The auricle prosthesis is an external attachment device with high aesthetic characteristics, made of biocompatible materials using modern digital technologies. Built-in hearing aid, includes a microphone; a sound processor based on a digital signal component with built-in analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters; Bluetooth radio channel module for communication with the settings control device (Android smartphone); and an emitter of sound vibrations.
Results. The expected positive effect is to increase the effectiveness of treatment, rehabilitation and socialization of deaf and hard of hearing patients by reducing the volume of surgical intervention; prevention of postoperative complications; the use of a rational aesthetic design of the auricle epithesis made of biologically compatible materials, with an inclinated highly functional electronic hearing aid integrated with the patient's auditory environment.
Conclusions. The combination of these factors can provide a significant reduction in the terms of medical and social rehabilitation of patients of different ages. In addition to the above, a significant advantage of the developed design of a bionic prosthesis and the method of its manufacture is ease of use and economic availability.
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Guo, Zhenyu, Guangzheng Yu, Huali Zhou, Xianren Wang, Yigang Lu, and Qinglin Meng. "Utilizing True Wireless Stereo Earbuds in Automated Pure-Tone Audiometry." Trends in Hearing 25 (January 2021): 233121652110573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165211057367.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
True wireless stereo (TWS) earbuds have become popular and widespread in recent years, and numerous automated pure-tone audiometer applications have been developed for portable devices. However, most of these applications require specifically designed earphones to which the public may not have access. Therefore, the present study investigates the accuracy of automated pure-tone audiometry based on TWS earbuds (Honor FlyPods). The procedure for developing an automated pure-tone audiometer is reported. Calibration of the TWS earbuds was accomplished by electroacoustic measurements and establishing corrected reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels. The developed audiometer was then compared with a clinical audiometer using 20 hearing-impaired participants. The average signed and absolute deviations between hearing thresholds measured using the two audiometers were 3.1 dB and 6.7 dB, respectively. The overall accuracy rate in determining the presence/absence of hearing loss was 81%. The results show that the proposed procedure for an automated air-conduction audiometer based on TWS earbuds is feasible, and the system gives accurate hearing level estimation using the reported calibration framework.
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Myers, Eugene N., Shingo Murakami, Kiyofumi Gyo, and Richard L. Goode. "Effect of Increased Inner Ear Pressure on Middle Ear Mechanics." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 5 (May 1998): 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989811800528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Velocity of malleus, umbo, and stapes footplate in response to stepwise increases up to +400 mm H2O in hydrostatic pressure of the inner ear was investigated in 10 fresh human temporal bones by using a laser Doppler interferometer. The sound-pressure input was 114 dB SPL, and the frequency range was 0.4 to 5.0 kHz. Static displacement of these sites was also measured by a video measuring system. When the inner ear pressure was increased, the malleus and stapes moved outward. Amplitude of umbo velocity decreased below 1.0 kHz with a slight increase around 2.0 kHz, whereas stapes velocity decreased at all frequencies with the major effect below 1.0 kHz. The phase angle of malleus umbo velocity advanced markedly in response to the increased inner ear pressure between 1.0 and 1.4 kHz. Change in the vibration of the umbo was thought to be primarily caused by an increased stiffness of the middle ear conduction system, and that of the stapes was caused by distention of the annular ligament and increased cochlear impedance produced by the increased inner ear pressure. These changes in TM vibration and its phase angle may help detect indirectly an elevation of inner ear pressure. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:703–8.)
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Jensen, Bjarke, Vincent M. Christoffels, and Antoon F. M. Moorman. "An Appreciation of Anatomy in the Molecular World." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 7, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd7040044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Robert H. Anderson is one of the most important and accomplished cardiac anatomists of the last decades, having made major contributions to our understanding of the anatomy of normal hearts and the pathologies of acquired and congenital heart diseases. While cardiac anatomy as a research discipline has become largely subservient to molecular biology, anatomists like Professor Anderson demonstrate anatomy has much to offer. Here, we provide cases of early anatomical insights on the heart that were rediscovered, and expanded on, by molecular techniques: migration of neural crest cells to the heart was deduced from histological observations (1908) and independently shown again with experimental interventions; pharyngeal mesoderm is added to the embryonic heart (1973) in what is now defined as the molecularly distinguishable second heart field; chambers develop from the heart tube as regional pouches in what is now considered the ballooning model by the molecular identification of regional differentiation and proliferation. The anatomical discovery of the conduction system by Purkinje, His, Tawara, Keith, and Flack is a special case because the main findings were never neglected in later molecular studies. Professor Anderson has successfully demonstrated that sound knowledge of anatomy is indispensable for proper understanding of cardiac development.
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Xu, Yong-Qiang, Shao-Yi Wu, Li-Na Wu, Chang-Chun Ding, and Li-Juan Zhang. "Structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of Cubic NaNbO3 crystals under pressure." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 25 (October 8, 2018): 1850282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921850282x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of cubic NaNbO3 (c-NNO) crystals in the pressure range 0–20 GPa are studied using first-principles VASP code. The influences of pressure on lattice constants, unit cell volume, elastic constants, elastic modulus, elastic anisotropy, sound velocities, elastic wave velocities, Debye temperature and Grüneisen parameters are discussed. Electronic structure calculations show that c-NNO is a wide indirect bandgap semiconductor. The band structures are similar for different pressures, except that conduction band shifts toward higher energy with increasing pressure. The distributions of density of states reveal typically covalent Nb–O bonding with strong hybridizations and significantly ionic Na–O ones. The dielectric function and linear optical properties are calculated with HSE06 scheme, and the pressure effects of the optical properties are also investigated. The optical spectra of c-NNO exhibit similar shapes for distinct pressures and blueshifts with the increase of pressure. The phonon dynamical properties are also investigated from the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), and the calculated phonon spectra exhibit some imaginary frequencies, which reflect the negative phonon modes and hence the dynamical instability of the system.
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Emmett, Susan D., Samantha Kleindienst Robler, Nae-Yuh Wang, Alain Labrique, Joseph J. Gallo, and Philip Hofstetter. "Hearing Norton Sound: a community randomised trial protocol to address childhood hearing loss in rural Alaska." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionThe population in rural Alaska experiences a disproprionately high burden of infection-mediated hearing loss. While the state mandates school hearing screening, many children with hearing loss are not identified or are lost to follow-up before ever receiving treatment. A robust, tribally owned healthcare system exists in Alaska, but children with hearing loss must first be identified and referred for existing infrastructure to be used. This trial will evaluate a new school hearing screening and referral process in rural Alaska, with the goal of improving timely identification and treatment of childhood hearing loss.Methods and analysisComparative effectiveness community randomised trial testing digital innovations to improve school hearing screening and referral in 15 communities in the Norton Sound region of northwest Alaska, with data collection from October 2017 to February 2020. All children (K-12) attending school in Bering Strait School District with parental informed consent and child assent will be eligible (target recruitment n=1500). Participating children will undergo both the current school hearing screen and new mobile health (mHealth) screen, with screening test validity evaluated against an audiometric assessment. Communities will be cluster randomised to continue the current primary care referral process or receive telemedicine referral for follow-up diagnosis and treatment. The primary outcome will be time to International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, ear/hearing diagnosis from screening date, measured in days. Secondary outcomes will include: sensitivity and specificity of current school and mHealth screening protocols measured against a benchmark audiometric assessment (air and bone conduction audiometry, tympanometry and digital otoscopy); hearing loss prevalence; hearing-related quality of life; and school performance (AIMSweb). Intention-to-treat analysis will be used.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Alaska Area, Norton Sound and Duke University and is registered on clinicaltrials.gov. Results will be distributed with equal emphasis on scientific and community dissemination.Trial registration numberNCT03309553; Pre-results.
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Gao, Shenghan, Changyan Zheng, Yicong Zhao, Ziyue Wu, Jiao Li, and Xian Huang. "Comparison of enhancement techniques based on neural networks for attenuated voice signal captured by flexible vibration sensors on throats." Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0009187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wearable flexible sensors attached on the neck have been developed to measure the vibration of vocal cords during speech. However, high-frequency attenuation caused by the frequency response of the flexible sensors and absorption of high-frequency sound by the skin are obstacles to the practical application of these sensors in speech capture based on bone conduction. In this paper, speech enhancement techniques for enhancing the intelligibility of sensor signals are developed and compared. Four kinds of speech enhancement algorithms based on a fully connected neural network (FCNN), a long short-term memory (LSTM), a bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM), and a convolutional-recurrent neural network (CRNN) are adopted to enhance the sensor signals, and their performance after deployment on four kinds of edge and cloud platforms is also investigated. Experimental results show that the BLSTM performs best in improving speech quality, but is poorest with regard to hardware deployment. It improves short-time objective intelligibility (STOI) by 0.18 to nearly 0.80, which corresponds to a good intelligibility level, but it introduces latency as well as being a large model. The CRNN, which improves STOI to about 0.75, ranks second among the four neural networks. It is also the only model that is able to achieves real-time processing with all four hardware platforms, demonstrating its great potential for deployment on mobile platforms. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first trials to systematically and specifically develop processing techniques for bone-conduction speed signals captured by flexible sensors. The results demonstrate the possibility of realizing a wearable lightweight speech collection system based on flexible vibration sensors and real-time speech enhancement to compensate for high-frequency attenuation.
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Carrillo, Ryner Jose D., Precious Eunice R. Grullo, and Maria Luz M. San Agustin. "A Cotton Wick Improves Hearing in a Patient with Profound Hearing Loss." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 30, no. 2 (December 2, 2015): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v30i2.357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dear Editor,
The tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain contribute roughly 28 dB in hearing gain. In chronic suppurative otitis media, loss of tympanic membrane and lysis of the ossicular chain are significant causes of hearing loss.1 Through the years, hearing impairment has been augmented using various devices such as ear trumpets, carbon hearing aids, vacuum tube and transistor hearing aids, bone anchored hearing aids, and cochlear implants.2 This case report describes how a cotton wick was used to amplify sound.
Case Report
A 65-year-old man consulted for hearing loss. He had a childhood history of recurrent ear discharge and hearing loss and was diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media. At age 55, he underwent tympanomastoidectomy of the left ear. While surgery stopped the left ear discharge, there was complete hearing loss in this ear. For this reason, he opted not to have surgery on the right ear. There was subsequent recurrent ear disease of the right ear. He would clean his ear with a cotton wick and apply antibiotic drops during bouts of ear discharge. He observed that leaving the ear wick with a few drops of topical otic preparations (polymyxin-neomycin-steroid or ofloxacin) would lessen the frequency of ear discharge and improve his hearing. He found that morning application and positioning of the cotton wick in his right ear using tweezers and a toothpick allowed him to hear adequately to conduct his daily activities as an architect. (Figure 1, 2) The fear of hearing loss from another surgery, cost of a commercial hearing aid, and great utility of a simple cotton wick made him continue his practice for these ten years.
Examination of the right middle ear without the cotton wick showed thickened mucosa, absent malleus and incus structures, a patent Eustachian tube and a near – total tympanic membrane perforation. There was no keratinous material or foul smelling discharge. (Figure 3) Pure tone audiometry confirmed that with the cotton wick, the right air-bone gap decreased at 500 hz, 1kHz, 2Kh and 4KHz by 30db, 40dB, 35dB and 25dB respectively. (Table 1)
DISCUSSION
At different anatomic levels, mechanical sound energy is amplified and transmitted to the functional parts of the ear. The tympanic membrane and oval window ratio of 21:1 and malleus-incus lever mechanism ratio of 1.3:1 provide a 28 dB amplification of conductive hearing.1 This gain is reflected by frequency specific air-bone gaps, which can range between 25-40 dB. With the contribution from the external ear, the overall conductive gain is 60 dB.1,3 Damage to the auditory system often results in a loss of hearing sensitivity that is frequency – specific. The presence of a frequency – specific wide air-bone gap suggests ossicular chain discontinuity among patients with chronic otitis media.4 Narrowing of the air-bone gap, which in this case was provided by insertion of the cotton wick, may lead to at least partial restoration of ossicular coupling.
The ability of the cotton wick to improve hearing may be attributed to its possession of characteristics for sound conduction and acoustic impedance, such as stiffness, resistance and mass. The effectiveness of the cotton wick was reported to be dependent on its positioning in the ear; the patient would have to insert the wick down to the level of the promontory or oval window, occasionally blow his nose, or reposition the cotton wick to achieve an acceptable hearing level. However, for a patient with completely deaf contralateral ear, a 32.5 dB gain in hearing is very pronounced and significant.
The hearing gain produced by the cotton wick only amplified the air conductive component of hearing but not bone conduction. While it afforded amplification of sound and a route of medicine administration, it may also have contributed to sensorineural hearing loss brought about by ototoxicity of medications and thickening of the oval and round window from chronic irritation. For this reason, utmost caution must be advised before considering use of a “cotton wick” to amplify hearing in this manner-- a practice we do not endorse.
The cotton wick may have served as a vibrating piston on top of the oval window which amplified hearing. Such a mechanism may conceivably prognosticate potential gain from a contemplated tympanoplasty in the same way that the “paper patch test”5 predicts simple myringoplasty outcomes. Having said that, the diagnostic utility of such a cotton wick requires further investigation before potential clinical applications such as prognostication of tympanoplasty are theorized. Could future studies show that a preoperative cotton wick (or equivalent device) may approximate potential gains from a good tympanoplasty with ossiculoplasty in a patient with total tympanic perforation and ossicular chain loss?
Sincerely,
Ryner Jose D. Carrillo, MD, MSc
Precious Eunice R. Grullo, MD, MPH
Maria Luz M. San Agustin, RN, MClinAudio
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Berman, Oleg L., Godfrey Gumbs, Gabriel P. Martins та Paula Fekete. "Superfluidity of Dipolar Excitons in a Double Layer of α − T3 with a Mass Term". Nanomaterials 12, № 9 (22 квітня 2022): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We predict Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity of dipolar excitons, formed by electron-hole pairs in spatially separated gapped hexagonal α−T3 (GHAT3) layers. In the α−T3 model, the AB-honeycomb lattice structure is supplemented with C atoms located at the centers of the hexagons in the lattice. We considered the α−T3 model in the presence of a mass term which opens a gap in the energy-dispersive spectrum. The gap opening mass term, caused by a weak magnetic field, plays the role of Zeeman splitting at low magnetic fields for this pseudospin-1 system. The band structure of GHAT3 monolayers leads to the formation of two distinct types of excitons in the GHAT3 double layer. We consider two types of dipolar excitons in double-layer GHAT3: (a) “A excitons”, which are bound states of electrons in the conduction band (CB) and holes in the intermediate band (IB), and (b) “B excitons”, which are bound states of electrons in the CB and holes in the valence band (VB). The binding energy of A and B dipolar excitons is calculated. For a two-component weakly interacting Bose gas of dipolar excitons in a GHAT3 double layer, we obtain the energy dispersion of collective excitations, the sound velocity, the superfluid density, and the mean-field critical temperature Tc for superfluidity.
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Vyskocil, Erich, Rudolfs Liepins, Alexandra Kaider, Michaela Blineder, and Sasan Hamzavi. "Sound Localization in Patients With Congenital Unilateral Conductive Hearing Loss With a Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Implant." Otology & Neurotology 38, no. 3 (March 2017): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0000000000001328.
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Brantberg, Krister, and Tiit Mathiesen. "Preservation of tap vestibular evoked myogenic potentials despite resection of the inferior vestibular nerve." Journal of Vestibular Research 14, no. 4 (October 14, 2004): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2004-14404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sound and skull-tap induced vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) were studied in a 43-year-old man following inferior vestibular neurectomy. Surgery was performed because of a small acoustic neuroma. Postoperative caloric testing suggested sparing of superior vestibular nerve function on the operated side. In response to sound stimulation there were no VEMP on the operated side, irrespective of whether sounds were presented by air- or bone-conduction. This suggests sound-induced VEMP to be critically dependent on inferior vestibular nerve function and this is in agreement with present knowledge. However, VEMP were obtained in response to forehead skull taps, i.e. positive-negative VEMP not only on the healthy side but also on the operated side. This suggests remnant vestibular function on the operated side of importance for forehead skull tap VEMP, because with complete unilateral vestibular loss there are no (positive-negative) VEMP on the lesioned side. Thus, forehead skull-tap VEMP depend, at least partly, on the superior vestibular nerve function.
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Carpenter, MiChelle S., Anthony T. Cacace, and Marty J. Mahoney. "Missing Links in Some Curious Auditory Phenomena: A Tale from the Middle Ear." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 23, no. 02 (February 2012): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.23.2.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Broadband middle ear power reflectance (BMEPR) is an emerging noninvasive electroacoustic measure that evaluates transmission/reflection properties of the middle ear in high resolution. It is applicable over the entire age continuum and is rapid to perform. However, it remains to be determined if BMEPR is just an incremental step in the evolution of middle ear assessment or a major advance in the way middle ear function can be evaluated. Purpose: To evaluate effects of age, gender, ear, and frequency on BMEPR measurements in adults without a history of middle ear disease and to assess whether these factors require consideration in test development; to review how these data may influence active physiologic process within the inner ear; to consider how they reconcile with previously published results; and to suggest applications for future research. Research Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, multivariate analysis to evaluate the effects of age, gender, ear, and frequency on BMEPR in humans without a history of middle ear disease and no air-bone gaps exceeding 10 dB for any frequency. Study Sample: Fifty-six adults in two age groups (Group 1: 18–25 yr, n = 28; Group 2: ≥50 and <66 yr, n = 28). Each age group was stratified by ear and gender in a balanced design. Data Collection and Analysis: Pure tone air conduction and bone-conduction audiometry was conducted in a commercial sound booth, using a clinical audiometer with standard earphones enclosed in supra-aural ear cushions, and a standard bone-conduction oscillator and headband to evaluate for air-bone gaps. Broadband middle ear power reflectance was measured using a calibrated, commercially available computer-controlled system that incorporated a high quality probe assembly to transduce stimuli and record acoustic responses from the ear canal. Data were analyzed with a four-way (2 × 2 × 2 × 16) repeated measures analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the effects of age group (young vs. old), gender (male vs. female), ear (left vs. right), and frequency (258 to 5040 Hz) on BMEPR. Results: The ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of frequency. There were also gender × ear, gender × frequency, and age × gender × ear interactions. The three-way, age × gender × ear interaction captured the essence of results and revealed lowest power reflectance values in younger females and for right ears. This trend partially reversed in the older age group where higher power reflectance values were observed only in right ears of older females. Conclusions: The significant effects of age, gender, ear, and frequency on BMEPR parallel ear- and gender-related differences in hearing sensitivity, ear, and gender differences in the prevalence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), gender differences in the magnitude of transient evoked OAEs, and ear differences in transient evoked contralateral OAE suppression effects reported in the literature. While original discussions of these aforementioned effects focused primarily on endocochlear and olivocochlear mechanisms, the BMEPR measurements reported herein suggest that middle ear transmission characteristics may also play a role.
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Batiuk, Oleh, and Serafyma Dmutriv. "ON THE ISSUE OF ORGANIZATION OF MILITARY CRIMES INVESTIGATION." Social & Legal Studios 13, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/2617-4162-2021-3-77-87.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The normative legal acts of Ukraine and the member states of Europol and Eurojust are analyzed, which are part of joint investigation groups within the European Union in the organization of the investigation of military crimes. The authors have pointed out that the customary international law requires the states to exercise their jurisdiction and provides an opportunity to exercise the universal jurisdiction regarding the military crimes, which are not serious violations. The authors determine that the universal jurisdiction may be provided by the norm of international customary or treaty law. Universal jurisdiction can be exercised either by the adoption of internal legislative acts (legislative universal jurisdiction), or in the form of investigation of persons, who are suspected of committing offenses and their transfer to the court (lawful universal jurisdiction). The grounds for the exercise of universal jurisdiction regarding the military crimes are present in both international treaty and customary law. The authors suggest forming a single concept for the investigation of the military crimes that have been committed in the conditions of armed conflict and the criminal prosecution of perpetrators. Namely, this concept, according to the authors, is defined as one that has important scientific and practical significance, a comprehensive, interdisciplinary holistic theoretical system regarding the activity in special conditions, which in general brings together a set of theoretical provisions on specific patterns in the sphere of legal support, organization of investigation and collection of evidentiary information on military crimes, search, detention and transfer of officials, who are involved in committing military crimes, carrying out the international legal proceedings regarding the perpetrators. Such concept will allow uniting scientific provisions on the activities of criminal justice bodies in the condition of the armed conflict into a single system, which, in turn, contributes to the identification of unexplored issues and the systematic solution of relevant problems. It is important for investigative and judicial practice, because it equips the criminal justice authorities with scientifically sound recommendations regarding the organization of the investigation of military crimes, as well as the methods of their conduction.
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Cunningham, Stuart, and Rich Picking. "Sounds Relaxing—Looks Cool." International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence 4, no. 1 (January 2012): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaci.2012010104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper considers the design of audio and visual user interface elements for pervasive computer systems that aim to support wellness, specifically for promoting calm, relaxation and for the relief of emotional stress. The methodology included conducting a survey of people’s favourite everyday sounds, as well as those they found the most annoying. The authors then took the most popular of these and correlated them with colours that people associated with those sounds. An adapted repertory grid approach was used for this exercise. The results suggest there is potential for a classification of sound and emotion on a shared scale based on the colour spectrum.
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Kim, Namkeun, Charles R. Steele, and Sunil Puria. "Superior-semicircular-canal dehiscence: Effects of location, shape, and size on sound conduction." Hearing Research 301 (July 2013): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2013.03.008.
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Vorobyeva, Emilia, and Sergey Smirnov. "Characteristic features in the formation of anuran sound-conducting systems." Journal of Morphology 192, no. 1 (April 1987): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051920102.
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Persson, Ann-Charlotte, Sabine Reinfeldt, Bo Håkansson, Cristina Rigato, Karl-Johan Fredén Jansson, and Måns Eeg-Olofsson. "Three-Year Follow-Up with the Bone Conduction Implant." Audiology and Neurotology 25, no. 5 (2020): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The bone conduction implant (BCI) is an active transcutaneous bone conduction device where the transducer has direct contact to the bone, and the skin is intact. Sixteen patients have been implanted with the BCI with a planned follow-up of 5 years. This study reports on hearing, quality of life, and objective measures up to 36 months of follow-up in 10 patients. Method: Repeated measures were performed at fitting and after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months including sound field warble tone thresholds, speech recognition thresholds in quiet, speech recognition score in noise, and speech-to-noise thresholds for 50% correct words with adaptive noise. Three quality of life questionnaires were used to capture the benefit from the intervention, appreciation from different listening situations, and the ability to interact with other people when using the BCI. The results were compared to the unaided situation and a Ponto Pro Power on a soft band. The implant functionality was measured by nasal sound pressure, and the retention force from the audio processor against the skin was measured using a specially designed audio processor and a force gauge. Results: Audiometry and quality of life questionnaires using the BCI or the Ponto Pro Power on a soft band were significantly improved compared to the unaided situation and the results were statistically supported. There was generally no significant difference between the two devices. The nasal sound pressure remained stable over the study period and the force on the skin from the audio processor was 0.71 ± 0.22 N (mean ± 1 SD). Conclusion: The BCI improves the hearing ability for tones and speech perception in quiet and in noise for the indicated patients. The results are stable over a 3-year period, and the patients subjectively report a beneficial experience from using the BCI. The transducer performance and contact to the bone is unchanged over time, and the skin area under the audio processor remains without complications during the 3-year follow-up.
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Stieger, Christof, Xiying Guan, Rosemary B. Farahmand, Brent F. Page, Julie P. Merchant, Defne Abur, and Hideko Heidi Nakajima. "Intracochlear Sound Pressure Measurements in Normal Human Temporal Bones During Bone Conduction Stimulation." Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 19, no. 5 (August 31, 2018): 523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10162-018-00684-1.
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à Wengen, Daniel F. "Interposition or tight fixation? Will a new Incus Replacement Prosthesis provide better sound conduction?" Hearing Research 263, no. 1-2 (May 2010): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2010.03.014.
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