Дисертації з теми "Solvolisi"
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Bolognesi, Simona. "Studio di un processo di riciclo di materiali polistirenici mediante solvolisi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16218/.
Повний текст джерелаHenry, Lucile. "Étude et développement d'un procédé propre et innovant de traitement de la surface de fibres céramiques en conditions hydrothermales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0328.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis project was carried out in order to develop a hydrothermal processfor the surface treatment of ceramic fibres which are integrated into the fabrication of ceramicmatrix composites (CMCs). A conventional process was developed by Safran Ceramics tomodify the surface chemistry of the Nicalon fibres following 3 steps. The main step consistsin dissolving the oxidised phases at the fibre surface by the use of strong acids. As aconsequence, the chemical homogeneity of the surface is enhanced and a microporouscarbon film is generated helping its compatibilization with the pyrocarbon interphase that isdeposited in between the fibres and the matrix. It was suggested to substitute thisconventional process by a hydrothermal treatment. Indeed, as water displays tunablephysico-chemical properties regarding the temperature and pressure conditions, it waspossible to recover fibres demonstrating reproducible and similar characteristics. Theefficiency and competitivity of the hydrothermal treatment have been assessed throughoptimised surface properties obtained after one single step. Next, the mechanisminvestigation revealed a selective attack of the Si atoms contained in the fibre via hydrolysisreactions. Then, the thermodynamic study pointed out the fact that the process wasdominated by a kinetic regim. Finally, the mechanical caracterisation of the CMCs made ofhydrothermal treated fibres showed results which met all the requirements. These finalobservations allowed us to complete the qualification of the hydrothermal process to treat thesurface of Nicalon fibres
Khiari, Karim. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés thermo-physiques des biocarburants de seconde génération et leur influence sur le comportement des moteurs." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0314/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe world economic and industrial growths, as well as the demographic rapid progression, have increased the fossil energy demand. These last years, much of researches were directed towards new energy resources which can replace the conventional fossil fuels. The biofuels are renewable ecological fuels derived from biomass; they are classified as an ideal resource, non-toxic and renewable component with respect to the conventional Diesel. In this context, we were firstly interested to the production of the biofuels starting from a non-edible vegetable source widely available in the Mediterranean basin which is the Pistacia Lentiscus using two processes. The first one is a chemical method named “transesterification” and the second one is a thermochemical procedure called “solvolysis”. The biofuels physicochemical properties, measured via standard methods, are similar to those of Diesel fuel. A single cylinder, naturally aspirated DI Diesel engine is operated at 1500 rpm with either pure produced biofuels or their blends with Diesel fuel for several ratios (50, 30 and 5 v%) and engine load conditions. The combustion parameters, their blends are compared with those of Diesel fuel
Chaabani, Chayma. "Composites à fibres de carbone : récupération des fibres par solvolyse hydrothermale. Impact sur la qualité des fibres et valorisation de la phase liquide." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EMAC0011/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe global demand of carbon fibers reinforced composites increases greatly, resulting in an increase of its residues. The solvolysis process has been studied in the framework of the recycling of carbon fibers and the recovery of the resin decomposed in the liquid phase. First, the study focuses on the impact of the batch process (temperature and reaction time) on the resin removal under subcritical and supercritical water. Although the batch process is not limited by the water diffusion into the composite bed, a large amount of organics results in a repolymerization phenomenon. The optimal conditions (350 °C, 30 min and 400 °C, 15 min) led to achieve the PA6 resin removal and the mechanical properties of recovered carbon fibers are similar to the virgin ones. The X-ray diffraction patterns show a modification of the inter-reticular distances of the graphene stacks, and Raman spectroscopy analysis reveal a modification in the turbostratic structure. Therefore nanostructural changes have occurred due to solvolysis process. Tensile strength values are quite similar to those of the virgin fibers, thus the fibers can be reused in the reformulation of new composites. Finally, the kinetic study based on the values of activation energy in subcritical water (77.79 kJ / mol) and in supercritical water (78.51 kJ / mol) shows that the same mechanistic scheme is governing the resin depolymerization reaction. The composition of the liquid phase shows the recovery of 70 % the monomer (caprolactam) and the production of heavier products in long reaction times (>45min). This has been explained by a repolymerization phenomenon. The use of CeO2 was efficient to limit undesirable reactions and to improve the conversion of the PA6 resin into its monomer in short reaction times
Ould, Amara Salem. "Matériaux à base de bore pour des applications énergies." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT180/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work is structured around boron-based materials expected to be used in the field of “energy”. We especially worked on two types of materials. (i) With the first type, solid-state hydrogen storage was targeted. Hydrazine borane N2H4BH3 was used as precursor of novel derivatives obtained by mechanosynthesis. We first made it react with lithium amide LiNH2 to obtain LiN2H3BH3.0,25NH3. Then, we considered calcium hydride CaH2; it reacted with N2H4BH3 at 67°C (after ball-milling) to form a new phase, calcium hydrazinidoborane of formula Ca(N2H3BH3)2. (ii) The second type of boron-based materials we investigated is about anionic polyboranes. They are known to be stable in aqueous solution and accordingly could be used as anodic fuel of direct liquid-fed fuel cell. We aimed at synthesizing and fully characterizing two salts: sodium closo-decaborane Na2B10H10 and sodium 1-oxa-nido-dodecaborate NaB11H12O. Their potential for the aforementioned application was tested by cyclic voltammetry by using bulk electrodes of platinum, silver and gold. All of our results are presented, discussed in detail and put into perspective in the present thesis
Sebhat, Woldemichael. "Valorisation de la lignine par catalyse hétérogène en condition sous-critique en milieux aqueux et eau/alcool." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10273/document.
Повний текст джерелаLignin is a macromolecule comprising lignocellulosic biomass, and is composed of propylphenyl units. Lignin is produced in large amounts by the paper industry when cellulose is isolated from biomass. Currently, its value is largely limited to source of energy and heat in recovery boilers. Nonetheless lignin can be an alternative source of aromatics if depolymerized effectively. The present work focuses on the transformation of lignin into aromatic building blocks using sub-critical water and mixtures of water/alcohols (225°C and 40-80 bar). Preliminary studies were carried out in a batch reactor; water was used as a solvent for the conversion of a Kraft lignin in the presence of catalysts (Pt, Pd, Ru on Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2). The Pd/ZrO2 catalyst gave the highest yield of identified phenols with 2% in 3 hours. To improve the conversion of the lignin by minimizing condensation reactions between phenolic units, the water was replaced with a mixture water/alcohol (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol). The combination water/isopropanol without catalyst allowed us to increase the yield of identified phenols to 5%. The results obtained in batch reactor were extrapolated to a trickle-bed reactor. Even though the water/isopropanol mixture gave the best results in batch reactor, the implementation on a continuous reactor proved to be complex (formation of solids clogging the reactor). The use of a water/ethanol mixture prevented this problem and a yield in guaiacol of up to 1 % was obtained. Ethanol helps stabilize unstable building blocks by alkylation and esterification. This is evidenced by the NMR and chromatographic analysis
Martinelli, Andrea. "Studio di reazioni ed approcci sintetici innovativi per la sintesi di intermedi di interesse industriale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10128.
Повний текст джерелаIn questo lavoro di tesi sono state affrontati due temi principali: la risoluzione di diastereoisomeri intermedi nella sintesi della Dorzolamide e lo studio su reazioni di addizione di Michael stereoselettive su substrati chetonici a,b-insaturi con nucleofili allo zolfo. Il primo progetto si è focalizzato sull'impiego di una risoluzione cinetica dinamica per convertire due alcoli diastereomerici in un unico prodotto acilato tramite la combinazione di una reazione di acilazione promossa da enzimi (CALB e subtilisina) ed un catalizzatore di Ru in grado di epimerizzare tra loro gli alcoli. Ulteriori studi hanno permesso di indagare maggiormente su reazioni di solvolisi sui medesimi substrati che hanno permesso di ottenere il prodotto desiderato in ottima resa chimica ed eccesso enantiomerico. Il secondo progretto si è focalizzato sull'impiego di alcuni alcaloidi della Cinchona e su corrispondenti derivati tioureidici in reazioni di Michael stereoselettive. I substrati impiegati sono stati il trans-calcone ed il 2-cicloesen-1-one; nucleofili allo solfo sono stati il benziltiolo ed il tiofenolo. I tisultati ottenuti hanno permesso di verificare l'efficacia dei catalizzatori tioureidici sulle reazioni modello studiate.
XXVI Ciclo
1984
Lima, Carmen de. "Solvolise de tosilatos de 1-aril-2,2,2-trialogenoetila." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1988. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75464.
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A solvólise dos tosilatos de 2,2,2-tricloro-1-(4-metoxifenil)etanol, 2,2,2-tricloro-1-(4-metoxifenil)etanol, 2,2,2-tricloro-1-(4-metilfenil)etanol e 2,2,2-tricloro-1-(fenil)etanol foi estudada a diversas temperaturas em vários solventes polares (etanol-água, metanol-água, metanol, etanol, trifluoroetanol, ácido fórmico e ácido acético). Os dados cinéticos indicam que os tosilatos triclorados se solvolisam por um mecanismo essencialmente kc, embora com alguma possível assistência do solvente. No caso dos tosilatos tribromados, cuja solvólise é mais fácil que para os análogos triclorados, propõe-se um mecanismo solvolítico com a assistência dos átomos de bromo.
Schaller, Heike. "Changes in Solvolysis Mechanisms." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-91684.
Повний текст джерелаWilhelm, Catherine. "Solvolyse de charbons et de leurs macéraux." Metz, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1990/Wilhem_Lacordaire.Catherine.SMZ9015.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe solvolysis of coals represent an important way to access to coal structure, in relation to his utilization in carbonization, liquefaction or gazeification. The aim of our work was locussed on coal solvolysis and characterization of the solvolysis products obtained from coals and macerals. The N-methyl 2 Pyrrolidinone (NMP) extraction, which is a physical process of solvolysis and the solubilization by the mixture methanol/sodium hydroxide (MeOH/NaOH) were realized to study the molecular structure of coal. Coal was considered in the frame of this study, as a three-dimensional crosslinked network or "macromolecular phase" (MM), which trapped free molecules that are not covalenty bonded to the network and constituated the molecular phase (M). The comparison of the results of the extraction and the characterization of coals, macerals and extracted products by spectroscopic methods (FT/IR, Solid state 13C NMR and EPR) allowed us to consider the notion of molecular structure rather than the maceral one to explain the behaviour of coals during solvolysis. A complementary analysis by thermic methods coupled to mass spectrometry (TD GC/MS, Py-FIMS) of solvolysis products permitted us to suggest that a part of the molecular phase is not extractable by solvents and stays linked to macromolecular phase. Therefore, the hypothesis of a "two-components" structure represents a simplified model. At last, the influence of the two phases "molecular M and macromolecular MM" on optical properties of cokes obtained by carbonization of coals and extracted products was studied. We have proved by the study with Transmission Electronic Microscopy TEM the important role of the composition determined by fractionation (sonication US and extrography EX) of the NMP extractible phase on the thermal behaviour of coals
Ivanow, Thierry. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de la délignification des végétaux par solvolyse : cas des solutions eau-éthanol avec additifs." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0113.
Повний текст джерелаWILHELM, LACORDAIRE CATHERINE GAGNIANT DIR THESE. "Solvolyse de charbons et de leurs macéraux." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1990/Wilhem_Lacordaire.Catherine.SMZ9015.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBremond, Jean-Paul. "Les réactions de solvolyse sont-elles isoentropiques ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30016.
Повний текст джерелаGirard, Russell. "Mise en pâte sans soufre - procédé de solvolyse." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1992. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5343/1/000598131.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Isaias dos. "Efeitos salinos na solvolise de tosilatos de 1-aril 2, 2, 2-trialogenoetila." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1991. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75824.
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Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo cinético das reações de solvólise de tosilatos de 1-aril-2,2,2-trialogenoetila em diversos solventes e misturas de solventes (metanol-água 60, 80 e 90%, etanol 100%, etanol-água 80 e 90%, trifluoroetanol 100% e hexafluoroisopropanol 100%). Estudou-se também o comportamento cinético das reações de solvólise dos tosilatos de 1-(4-metoxifenil)-2,2,2-tribromoetila em soluções metanólicas contendo percloratos de metais alcalinos e alcalino-terrosos em concentrações crescentes de 0 a 2 M.
Canning, Peter Sebastian John. "Dediazoniation of arenediazonium salts as a route to fluoroarenes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311135.
Повний текст джерелаDumay, Dominique. "Etude analytique et valorisation des produits lourds issus des traitements du charbon et du pétrole." Metz, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1985/Dumay.Dominique.SMZ8506.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаElamin, Abdelrahman. "Liquéfaction du bois en deux étapes : solvolyse et hydrotraitement." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD485.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of this work is to define a liquefaction process to produce oil from wood rich in hydrocarbons compounds so as to be usable as an alternative fuel. The investigated process consist of two steps : solvolysis and upgrading. In presence of solvents that derived from lignin or from holocellulose, the experimental results show that it is possible to dissolve completely wood powder under relatively mild reaction conditions. Among the tested solvents, the mixture of phenol/ tetralin gives a complete conversion of wood with abetter regeneration of the initial solvents used and more than 50% of the oxygen content of the wood has been removed during the solvolysis. The yield of the solvolysis oil is 70 % wt. Of the initial dry wood. The upgrading step is mainly to remove the residual oxygen of the solvolysis oil in order to increase its heating value and to lower its viscosity. In presence of tetralin as hydrogen donner solvent, at 350°C and initial hydrogen pressure of 9 MPa. Within the tested catalysts the sulfied nickel molybdeum is the more efficient hence in presence of this catalyst under the above mentioned reaction condition, the refined oil yield is around 55% and its oxygen content is less than 2%. The heating value of the refined oil is 43 MJ/kg which can be classified as that of the petroleum’s product. This study allowed determining the optimal reaction condition of the solvolysis step, as well as that of the upgrading step for producing a refined oil usable as hydrocarbon fuel from wood. The refined oil can be used effectively for dissolving wood in the solvolysis step which justify that a continuous liquefaction process able to generate its own solvent can be realised
Maugendre, Stéphane. "Approche théorique et expérimentale de la solvolyse du bois." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD036.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Dian. "Solvolysis at secondary and tertiary carbon centres in 50% TFE." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17883/.
Повний текст джерелаAmmar, Salah. "Etude de la liquéfaction directe du bois : Solvolyse et hydrotraitement." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMP0314.
Повний текст джерелаThe direct liquefaction of wood has been treated by many researchers, but the process developed are not economical feasible in the present. The objective of this thesis is the investigation of an original method of liquefaction in two steps, the first is to dissolve the ligno-cellulosic material in an organic solvent to obtain ain liquid. The second is the catalytic hydrotreatment of this liquid (oil) in presence of different catalysts to reduce its viscosity and to obtain light fraction in a considerable quantity, which can be used as fuel. After a complete literature survey that justify the application of a two steps process, the thesis treat the solvolysis of wood constituent (glucose, cellulose, lignin) in phenolic media and in presence of acid sulphuric at 250°C. The aim of this study is to follow up the depolymerisation reactions of wood constituents from produced oil. Then a kinetic study of the solvolysis of wood pieces and powder has been carried on the other hand the optimal size of wood piece that can be dissolved in the solvent without melling was determined. Beyond size the mechanism reactional is controlled by the phenomena of solvent diffusion. The proposed model of the solvolysis kinetic although it did not take in consideration the geometry of the particles and their distribution, but it fit perfectly the experimental results. The final part of the thesis is the hydrogenation of the crude solvolysis oil at median hydrogen pressure in the presence of different catalysts. The optimal reactions conditions that give a good yield of light fraction were determined
Bouxin, Florent. "Solvolyse des lignines : production de synthons aromatiques de faibles masses." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS004/document.
Повний текст джерелаLignins are not sufficiently considered in the biorefinery processes. However, they are a rich source of aromatic building blocks, and essential elements of lignocellulose processing viability. Although the production prospects of building blocks from lignins exist, their strong affinities for condensation reactions limit the conversion into low molecular weight products. This study allowed us to identify hydrolysis or condensation suitable conditions by studying different models lignins subjected to acidolysis conditions. On the one hand, suitable conditions for the -O-4 bonds hydrolysis are the use of homogeneous catalysis (HCl), for temperatures and HCl concentration ranged from 120 to 140 ° C and from 0.05 M to 0.1M. In contrast, the use of heterogeneous catalysis (Montmorillonite K10) is inefficient because it has to overcome the substrate adsorption and allow an access to its active sites. On the other hand, secondary condensation reactions are exacerbated by the use of Montmorillonite clay, but also by acidity and temperature increases, themselves necessary for an efficient hydrolysis.The substitution of coniferyl alcohol by coniferaldehyde minimizes these condensation reactions due to its high stability in acid conditions. However, the incorporation of this precursor in lignin leads to a decrease of -O-4 bond frequency. This reduction of lignin hydrolysis potential is compensated for the exacerbation of retroaldolisation reactions. About primary condensations, pure -O-4 lignins acidolysis allows us to claim that this kind of reactions, unchanged at the hand of acid or aromatic nuclei concentration increase, are intramolecular
Ohga, Yasushi. "Structural and Substituent Effects on the Solvolysis Reactivity of Bridgehead Compounds." Kyoto University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/68786.
Повний текст джерелаZuideveld, Martin Alexander. "Solvolysis of palladium-carbon bonds in palladium(II) complexes containing diphosphine ligands." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/60731.
Повний текст джерелаMcCrudden, Katherine. "A kinetics and product analytical study of the solvolysis of arenediazonium ions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260871.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Qi. "Mise en pâte du bouleau blanc par solvolyse avec recyclage de l'éthanol." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1995. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4908/1/000620445.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLardet, Dominique. "Influence des milieux micellaires sur la solvolyse des radicaux cations des dérivés de la phénothiazine." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19014.
Повний текст джерелаRezzoug, Sid-Ahmed. "Développement d'un procédé de liquéfaction du bois en deux étapes : solvolyse et hydrotraitement catalytique." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP914S.
Повний текст джерелаSakanoko, Mariame. "Sélectivité du procédé de délignification dans la mise en pâte du bouleau par solvolyse /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1997. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2180925R.htm.
Повний текст джерелаCe mémoire a été réalisé à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en Chimie de l'Université du Québec à Montréal extensionné à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. CaQTU Bibliogr. : p. [105]-109. Le résumé et la table des matières sont disponibles en format électronique sur le site Web de la bibliothèque. CaQTU
Sakanoko, Mariame. "Sélectivité du procédé de délignification dans la mise en pâte du bouleau par solvolyse." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1997. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5061/1/000640791.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTate, Joseph Andrew. "O-aryl imidates, isoureas and thiocarbamates." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20976.
Повний текст джерелаEbdon, D. N. "A mechanistic study of the solvolyis reactions of selected phosphoryl chlorides and p-anisoyl chloride." Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636761.
Повний текст джерелаLardet, Dominique. "Influence des milieux micellaires sur la solvolyse des radicaux cations des dérivés de la phénothiazine." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598964q.
Повний текст джерелаMistry, B. P. "The effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the solvolysis of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane in aqueous alcohol mixtures." Thesis, Coventry University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332447.
Повний текст джерелаIvanow, Thierry. "Contribution à l'étude de la délignification des végétaux par solvolyse cas des solutions eau-éthanol avec additifs /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606104g.
Повний текст джерелаPardal, Francis. "Etude de la réactivité des couples solvolysant-polymère dans les réactions d'alcoolyse des polyesters." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0987.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of this work was a better comprehension of the reactivities in alcoholysis reactions of polyesters. For this purpose, we developed an experimental device allowing the isothermal kinetic follow-up of solvolysis reactions. The glycolysis of the PET being revealed more complex than envisaged we have limited the study to glycols as solvolysants and mainly PET as polyester. The studied parameters are: temperature, catalysis, granulometry, nature of glycols, nature and initial crystallinity of polyester. The obtained results showed a strong influence of the experimental conditions (temperature and catalysis) on the evolution of the reactional mixture during depolymerization. The glycols reactivity order depends of temperature and catalysis conditions. Schematically, the total reactivity does not depend only of the glycol chemical reactivity but also on the polarity mixture. The non-catalyzed glycolysis of model polyester by the dipropylene glycol showed surprising results because big differences of reactivity can be observed according to the nature of the glycolic unity for these polyesters
Ussing, Bryson Richard. "Systematic examination of dynamically driven organic reactions via kinetic isotope effects." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4877.
Повний текст джерелаRackemann, Darryn W. "Production of levulinic acid and other chemicals from sugarcane fibre." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/72741/1/Darryn_Rackemann_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGordon, Isobel M. "Kinetic and product analytical study of the effect of substituents upon the solvolysis of benzyl azoxytosylate in aqueous trifluoroethanol." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257509.
Повний текст джерелаRiou, Fabienne. "Procédé de traitement des déchets de circuits imprimés : valorisation par dépolymérisation chimique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0906.
Повний текст джерелаConner, John K. "Kinetic and product analytical studies of the solvolysis of 2-adamantyl azoxytosylate and related compounds in a range of solvents." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257438.
Повний текст джерелаNeto, Carlos de Pascoal. "Le bois d'Eucalyptus globulus Labill : délignification par les procédés alcalins et par solvolyse oxydante en milieux éthanol/eau et acide acétique/eau." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0020.
Повний текст джерелаQuteishat, Laith. "Contribution à la synthèse totale de la céphalotaxine." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114846/document.
Повний текст джерелаFor over 40 years, chemists are interested in the extraction, biological activity and synthesis Homoharringtonine (HHT ), a natural cephalotaxine ester, which is a potent antileukemic used therapeutically, especially leukemias resistant against tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These alkaloids are extracted from Cephalotaxus, evergreen trees from southern China having extremely slow growth and are in extinction. Their synthesis is thus necessary. Homoharringtonine used therapeutically is obtained from (-)-cephalotaxine of natural origin, by grafting an acidic side chain followed by lengthy and expensive purifications. The objective of this work is to develop a concise synthesis of (-)-cephalotaxine to get rid of the natural resource, thereby ensuring a supply of constant quality and develop similar second generation of HHT.The strategies developed in this work has been to develop a very concise synthesis of cephalotaxine , firstly by enhancing an ABC nitrile synthon to introduce the two carbon atoms missing to the backbone of cephalotaxine , and secondly to improve access to similar ABC ester synthon to investigate its reactivity. This work led to describe a new arena complex chromium pentacarbonyle cephalotaxine analog, an original and efficient method of anionic cyclization of imide forming a 3-benzazepine skeleton using a new combination of bases , potassium tert -butoxide and potassium carbonate acting synergistically, and a new method of aliphatic or aromatic nitrile solvolysis under microwave which was exemplified
El, Gersifi Khalid. "Recyclage de tubes en matériaux composites fibres de verre utilisés dans les centrales de production d'électricité." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0853.
Повний текст джерелаBenayada, Bencheriet. "Détermination des coefficients de diffusion rotationnelle : Application à l'autoassociation entre molécules polyaromatiques." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10019.
Повний текст джерелаBrogdon, Brian N. "Effects of ethanol media on chlorine dioxide and extraction stages for kraft pulp bleaching." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7014.
Повний текст джерелаBarth, Francis. "Synthese de squelettes mono et sesquiterpeniques au depart de cyclopropenes et cyclobutenes electrophiles." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13167.
Повний текст джерелаAzizoglu, Akin. "Bicyclic Strained Allenes: Incorporation Of An Allene Unit Into Alpha-pinene And Benzonorbornadiene." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605053/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаChamseddine, Yssam. "Sondes mecanistiques chirales et/ou regioselectivement deuteriees : application a l'etude de quelques processus de substitution nucleophile." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066133.
Повний текст джерелаFirmino, Thiago Diamond Reis. "Reações de solvólise em fase gasosa do cátion +SiCl3: experimento e teoria." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-20072010-201222/.
Повний текст джерелаPolyhalogenated silicenium ions, X3Si+ (X = F, Cl), are common fragment ions in the mass spectra of polyhalogenated silanes obtained by electron ionization. These ions are powerful electrophiles and are believed to play a role in plasma enhanced corrosion processes and plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition processes. In this dissertation, we present some new results on the gas-phase reactivity of the +SiCl3 ion with a number of simple n electron donor bases such as water, alcohols, ammonia, amines and some π electron donor bases. Ion-molecule reactions were characterized experimentally by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR) at pressures in the 10-8 Torr range. Reactions were followed as a function of trapping time of the ions in the cell of the spectrometer and this allowed for the identification of subsequent reactions of the primary product ions. The energy diagram and structure of the different silicenium ions were also characterized by computational chemistry using both ab initio and density functional theory methods in order to understand the mechanism of these reactions. +SiCl3 reacts rapidly in gas phase with various neutral substrates through processes similar to solvolysis in which the neutral substrate adds onto the silicenium ion followed by elimination of HCl. In some cases, complete solvolysis is observed with substitution of all three chlorine atoms. The calculations show that reactions proceed by initial addition of the electrophile onto the electron center of the neutral substrates giving rise to stable adducts. The transition state for these reactions involve a 1,3 hydrogen migration and the calculated energy for these transition states is less than the energy of the isolated reactants, a fact that is common to fast gas-phase ion-molecule reactions. Similar calculations for +CCl3 reveal similar solvolysis reactions to be energetically unfavourable, and in fact these reactions are not observed experimentally. Secondary reactions have been observed for the product ions ClnSi(OH)3-n+ (n = 1, 2 and 3), obtained from successive hydrolysis of +SiCl3, with the parent SiCl4 neutral. These secondary condensation reactions yield ionic species containing a siloxane type linkage (-Si-O-Si-). The theoretical calculations suggest that is that these secondary condensation reactions initially proceed via chloronium ion intermediate, R1-Cl+-R2 , followed by formal Cl transfer and rearrangement to a siloxane type structure.