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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Hendradewi, Sarwastuti, Novi Primadewi, and Nurmala Shofiyati. "Perbedaan transpor mukosiliar pada pemberian larutan garam hipertonik dan isotonik penderita rinosinusitis kronis." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 46, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v46i2.159.

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Анотація:
Latar belakang: Rinosinusitis kronis (RSK) merupakan inflamasi mukosa hidung dan sinus paranasal dengan jangka waktu gejala 12 minggu atau lebih. Transpor mukosiliar merupakan suatu mekanisme pertahanan lokal pada hidung dan sinus paranasal. Pada RSK terjadi disfungsi transpor mukosiliar. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan transpor mukosiliar pada pemberian larutan garam hipertonik dan isotonik pada penderita RSK. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental murni dengan desain uji klinis randomisasi. Sampel terdiri dari dua kelompok, yaitu RSK yang mendapat larutan garam isotonik dan RSK yang mendapat larutan garam hipertonik. Tiap kelompok terdiri dari 25 sampel. Waktu transpor mukosiliar dilakukan pra dan pasca terapi memakai uji sakarin. Hasil: Secara keseluruhan, selama dua minggu masa terapi, didapati penurunan waktu transpor mukosiliar pada kelompok pasien yang diberi larutan garam hipertonik (13,00±2,12 menit) lebih besar dibandingkan pada kelompok pasien yang diberi larutan garam isotonik (6,84±2,54 menit) dan secara statistik terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Pemberian larutan garam hipertonik dapat menurunkan waktu transpor mukosiliar lebih besar dibandingkan larutan garam isotonik pada penderita rinosinusitis kronis.Kata kunci: Transpor mukosiliar, larutan garam isotonik, larutan garam hipertonik, rinosinusitis kronis ABSTRACT Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinuses mucosa with periods of symptoms 12 weeks or more. Mucociliary transport plays a role as local defense mechanism of the nasal and paranasal sinuses. In CRS, there are dysfunctions on the mucociliary transport. Purpose: This study aimed to find out the difference of mucociliary transport after nasal washing with hypertonic and isotonic saline solutions in patients with CRS. Methods: This was a pure experimental study with randomized controlled trial designs. The sample was divided into 2 groups: CRS with isotonic saline solution and CRS with hypertonic saline solution treatment. Each group was consisted of twenty five samples. The mucociliary transport time examination were performed pre and post treatment by using saccharin test. Result: During the 2 weeks of therapy, the overall of mucociliary transport time reduction in the group of patients given hypertonic saline solution (13.00±2.12 minutes) were bigger than in the group of patients who were given isotonic saline solution (6.84±2.54 minutes) and there was a significant difference statistically (p<0.001). Conclusion: Hypertonic saline solution is better than isotonic saline solution in reducing mucociliary transport time.Keywords: Mucociliary transport, isotonic saline solution, hypertonic saline solution, chronic rhinosinusitis
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2

McDermott, Joe. "Composites — the transport solution." Reinforced Plastics 38, no. 5 (May 1994): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-3617(94)90157-0.

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3

Benmerrous, Abdelmjid, Lalla Saadia Chadli, Abdelaziz Moujahid, and Said Melliani. "Generalized Solution of Transport Equation." International Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics & Computer Science 2 (July 5, 2022): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232028.2022.2.10.

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Анотація:
This paper proves the existence and uniqueness of solution of irregular transport problem with variable speed and initial data in the Colombeau algebra G, and some important proprieties of Colombeau algebra. The existence of distribution solutions to some classes of such equations is proven.
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4

Bruun, Eric, Duncan Allen, and Moshe Givoni. "CHOOSING THE RIGHT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SOLUTION BASED ON PERFORMANCE OF COMPONENTS." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6157.

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Анотація:
Planners often focus on a specific mode too early in the design and selection process, especially on the choice between bus and rail technology. It may be that available Right of Way (RoW), alignment characteristics and other design features are more important. In this paper, we first identify the principal components central to performance of a particular role common to all major Public Transport (PT) investments. The primary aim is to offer a more mode-neutral alternative selection process that benefits from ex-post cost and performance information about a substantial number of actual PT systems broken down into these components to the extent that is possible. Less quantitative components and features, such as passenger experience, scalability, and implementability are then discussed for their role in increasing or diminishing the attractiveness of alternative candidate component packages in the desired range of the quantitative criteria. The results show that investment costs increase with the degree of separation of RoW, regardless of rail or bus technology, with rail having an additive “technology premium”. Higher Average Operating Speed (AOS) reduces investment in vehicles and the Operating and Maintenance (O&amp;M) cost, regardless of technology. At low/moderate passenger traffic densities, Semirapid Bus modes have lower O&amp;M costs than Semirapid Rail. At the highest densities, Rapid Rail and Regional Rail modes exhibit clear economies of scale. For mixed street running, rail-related components cause a far more expensive total investment on per unit of Productive Capacity (PC) basis. As the required PC increases, rail modes become consistently less expensive. The main conclusion is that in order to improve value-for-money of PT it is critical to develop innovative component technologies and construction techniques, which are not necessarily rail or bus specific.
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5

Periša, Marko, Ivan Cvitić, Dragan Peraković, and Siniša Husnjak. "BEACON TECHNOLOGY FOR REAL-TIME INFORMING THE TRAFFIC NETWORK USERS ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT." Transport 34, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.10402.

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Анотація:
Informing the users about their environment is of extreme importance for their full and independent functioning in the traffic system. Today’s development of technology provides the user the access to information about their environment by using the smartphone device at any moment if there is a defined applicative solution. For this, it is necessary to define the user’s environment according to the Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) concept, which understands adequate technology of gathering, processing and distribution of information. This paper presents the proposal of the solution for informing the traffic network users about the environment for the defined group of users based on the beacon technology. The mentioned solution is based on the results of two separate studies about the needs of users who move along a part of the traffic network. The aim of the proposed solution is to provide the user with precise and real-time information and to raise the level of safety during movement.
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6

Matis, Peter. "FINDING A SOLUTION FOR A COMPLEX STREET ROUTING PROBLEM USING THE MIXED TRANSPORTATION MODE." TRANSPORT 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.05.

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Анотація:
The Street Routing Problem (SRP) is a special case of the well-known Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). The goal is to service a large number of customers in the city zone. New heuristics for solving a complex SRP is evaluated based on real data. This paper presents several approximations to the length of SRP using the mixed transportation mode and compares them with the published approximations used for VRP or Travelling Salesman Problems (TSP). The system was tested in five real world instances ranging from 12 000 to 29 000 customers.
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7

Pacheco-Ceballos, Raul. "Transport of sediments: Analytical solution." Journal of Hydraulic Research 27, no. 4 (July 1989): 501–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221688909499126.

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8

Macedo, Maxsuel Moura. "Planejamento e logística: as propostas de investimento da Confederação Nacional da Indústria e da Confederação Nacional do Transporte para o Rio Grande do Norte." Ateliê Geográfico 11, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v11i1.35788.

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Анотація:
Resumo Este artigo tem como propósito analisar as propostas de investimento em transporte e logística da Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI) e da Confederação Nacional do Transporte (CNT) para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A análise será desenvolvida a partir de três propostas realizadas pelas confederações, a saber: o Projeto Nordeste Competitivo da CNI, o Plano CNT de Transporte e Logística e, Projetos Prioritários de Duplicação de Rodovias: Propostas de Solução, também de autoria da CNT.Palavras-chave: fluidez territorial; planejamento; Confederação Nacional do Transporte; Confederação Nacional da Indústria; Rio Grande do Norte; Abstract This article has as purpose to analyze the investment proposals in transport and logistics of the National Confederation of Industry (CNI) and the National Confederation of Transport (CNT) for the Rio Grande do Norte state. The analysis will be developed from three proposals made by the confederations, to be specific: the Competitive Northeast Project (CNI), CNT Plan of Transport and Logistics and, Priority Projects of Highway Duplication: Proposed Solution (CNT).Keywords: territorial fluidity; planning; National Confederation of Transport; National Confederation of Industry; Rio Grande do Norte. ResuméCet article vise à analyser les propositions d'investissement pour le transport et la logistique de la Confédération nationale de l'industrie (CNI) et la Confédération nationale du transport (CNT), de l'état du Rio Grande do Norte. L'analyse sera développée à partir de trois propositions faites par les confédérations, à savoir: le projet nord-est compétitif de la CNI, le Plan CNT des Transports et de la Logistique, les projets prioritaires de Duplication des Autoroutes: Solution proposée, également rédigés par CNT.Mots-clés: fluidité territoriale; planification; Confédération nationale du transport; Confédération nationale de l'industrie; Rio Grande do Norte.
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9

McLaughlin, John R., Mary E. Trounson, Rex G. Stewart, and A. John McKinnon. "Surfactant Solution Transport in Wool Yarn." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 9 (September 1988): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800902.

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Анотація:
The immersion absorption of a wool carpet yarn was studied to gain a better understanding of yarn scouring processes. Upon initial immersion in nonylphenol poly(ethylene oxide) (NPEO) surfactant solutions at 50°C, yarn bundles became rapidly and almost completely saturated. After removal from the solution and squeezing, however, complete absorption on subsequent immersions in either an identical solution or distilled water was possible only when the EO chain length of the NPEO surfactant was ≥ 12. For an EO chain length of 9, complete saturation on the subsequent immersions was possible only when the surfactant concentration was <0.5 gl-1. Evidence suggests that the incomplete saturation phenomenon is caused by thin surfactant films that trap air in the yarn interior. The thin films are formed in the squeezing process following the first immersion.
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10

J, Sunil Gavaskar, and Swetha S. "Multimodal Transport Solutions for Smart Cities." Technoarete Transactions on Advances in Computer Applications 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ttaca/01.01.a004.

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Анотація:
The research article has shown the multimodal transport solutions for smart cities in India. The researcher has discussed the concept of multimodal transport solution, problems and also characteristics for the solution of multimodal transport systems in the smart cities. The main findings are to show that the multimodal system has the capacity to overcome the issues of smart cities. It also has power to mitigate traffic issues which take place that take place in different cities. The system develops the product delivery times, reduces many inventory costs and also keeps the shipment costs under control. Keyword :Multimodal transport solution, Smart cities, communication technology.
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11

Le, Thi Diem Chau, Duc Duy Nguyen, Judit Oláh, and Miklós Pakurár. "CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR A VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM WITH TIME WINDOWS." Transport 37, no. 1 (May 2, 2022): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.16850.

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Анотація:
The demand for daily food purchases has increased dramatically, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. This requires suppliers to face a huge and complex problem of delivering products that meet the needs of their customers on a daily basis. It also puts great pressure on managers on how to make day-to-day decisions quickly and efficiently to both satisfy customer requirements and satisfy capacity constraints. This study proposes a combination of the cluster-first –route-second method and k-means clustering algorithm to deal with a large Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) in the logistics and transportation field. The purpose of this research is to assist decision-makers to make quick and efficient decisions, based on optimal costs, the number of vehicles, delivery time, and truck capacity efficiency. A distribution system of perishable goods in Vietnam is used as a case study to illustrate the effectiveness of our mathematical model. In particular, perishable goods include fresh products of fish, chicken, beef, and pork. These products are packed in different sizes and transferred by vehicles with 1000 kg capacity. Besides, they are delivered from a depot to the main 39 customers of the company with arrival times following customers’ time window. All of the data are collected from a logistics company in Ho Chi Minh city (Vietnam). The result shows that the application of the clustering algorithm reduces the time for finding the optimal solutions. Especially, it only takes an average of 0.36 s to provide an optimal solution to a large Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with 39 nodes. In addition, the number of trucks, their operating costs, and their utilization are also shown fully. The logistics company needs 11 trucks to deliver their products to 39 customers. The utilization of each truck is more than 70%. This operation takes the total costs of 6586215.32 VND (Vietnamese Dong), of which, the transportation cost is 1086215.32 VND. This research mainly contributes an effective method for enterprises to quickly find the optimal solution to the problem of product supply.
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12

Li, Long-yuan, and Brian Tighe. "Numerical simulation of corneal transport processes." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 3, no. 7 (November 2005): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2005.0085.

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This paper presents a numerical study on the transport of ions and ionic solution in human corneas and the corresponding influences on corneal hydration. The transport equations for each ionic species and ionic solution within the corneal stroma are derived based on the transport processes developed for electrolytic solutions, whereas the transport across epithelial and endothelial membranes is modelled by using phenomenological equations derived from the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Numerical examples are provided for both human and rabbit corneas, from which some important features are highlighted.
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13

Önden, İsmail. "INTEGRATING GIS WITH F-AHP FOR LOCATING A SINGLE FACILITY." Transport 33, no. 5 (December 19, 2018): 1173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6677.

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Анотація:
Location selection problems stand out as popular research topics. Due to the popularity, different solution approaches emerged in the literature. Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques are examples of the solution approaches and they are frequently used because of their ordering capability in ranking the decision alternatives and success in representing decision makers’ experiences. On the other hand, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is able to perform different spatial data analysis and provide geographic material. To reach a better decision, integration of experts’ opinions and certain geographic information derived from GIS is necessary. Within this context, in this paper, integration of the GIS abilities with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) is discussed with two different integration methodologies for locating single facility. A hypothetical case study is provided to determine a location problem, which focuses on logistics activities. The results have shown that both proposed methodologies are able to order location alternatives in multiple criteria environments.
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14

Brumercik, Frantisek, Eva Brumercikova, and Bibiana Bukova. "Mechatronic and Transport System Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 803 (October 2015): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.803.201.

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Анотація:
Transaction-based systems, such as Mathworks SimEvents and Stateflow, are the efficient solution for discrete event simulation in the field of mechatronic systems and transportation. Possible analysis of simulation, which can be done by the change of the attributes, results suggests solutions to address desired issues.
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15

Tokar, Mikhail Z., Denis Kalupin, and Denis Pilipenko. "Numerical solution of transport equations for plasmas with transport barriers." Computer Physics Communications 175, no. 1 (July 2006): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2006.02.010.

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16

Pogosbekyan, Leonid R., and Dmitrij A. Lysov. "Quasi Solution of Radiation Transport Equation." Nuclear Science and Engineering 121, no. 2 (October 1995): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse95-a28570.

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17

Trounson, Mary E., and John R. McLaughlin. "Surfactant Solution Transport in Wool Yarn." Textile Research Journal 57, no. 6 (June 1987): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758705700601.

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18

Trounson, Mary E., John R. McLaughlin, and Peter W. Robinson. "Surfactant Solution Transport in Wool Yarn." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 8 (August 1988): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800805.

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Анотація:
Surfactant solution transport rates were measured on wool yarn scoured or otherwise treated with various nonylphenol poly(ethylene oxide) (NPEO) surfactants or with the sodium salt of dioctyl sulfosuccinate. The EO chain length of the NPEO used to scour the yarn had a significant effect on the diffusivity coefficient, although not on the residual contaminant level or the color. Surfactants applied as prewetting or rewetting agents increased the diffusivity coefficients. Prewetting gives the faster solution transport rates, and the temperature of application and the wet add-on are important. The effectiveness of a rewetting agent is related to its rate of solution.
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19

Zhao, Jianbing, Patricia J. Culligan, Yu Qiao, Qulan Zhou, Yibing Li, Moonho Tak, Taehyo Park, and Xi Chen. "Electrolyte solution transport in electropolar nanotubes." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 22, no. 31 (July 9, 2010): 315301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/22/31/315301.

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20

Uvarov, A., and S. Fritzsche. "Anomalous transport of macromolecules in solution." European Physical Journal Special Topics 151, no. 1 (December 2007): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2007-00365-6.

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21

Fonseca, F. "A solution of the transport equation." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 11, no. 33 (2018): 1603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.84162.

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22

Crews, Angela, Aubrey E. Taylor, and Stephen T. Ballard. "Liquid transport properties of porcine tracheal epithelium." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.797.

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Анотація:
Because of its possible importance to the etiology of cystic fibrosis lung disease, the ion and water transport properties of tracheal epithelium were studied. Net liquid flux ( J V) across porcine tracheal epithelium was measured in vitro using blue dextran as a volume probe. Luminal instillation of isosmotic sucrose solution (280 mM) induced a small net secretion of liquid (7.0 ± 1.7 nl · cm−2 · s−1), whereas luminal hyposmotic sucrose solutions (220 or 100 mM) induced substantial and significant ( P < 0.05) liquid absorption (34.5 ± 12 and 38.1 ± 7.3 nl · cm−2 · s−1, respectively). When the luminal solution was normal (isosmotic) Krebs buffer, liquid was absorbed at 10.2 ± 1.1 nl · cm−2 · s−1. Absorptive J V was abolished by 100 μM amiloride in the luminal solution and significantly reduced when the luminal solution was Na+-free Krebs solution. Absorptive J V was not significantly affected by 300 μM 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate or 100 μM diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid, both cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) inhibitors, in the instillate but was significantly reduced by 60% when the luminal solution was Cl−-free Krebs solution. We conclude that water freely permeates porcine tracheal epithelium and that absorption of liquid is normally driven by active transcellular Na+ transport and does not require the CFTR.
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23

Fang, Wei, Robert Mullan, Hemal Shah, Salim Mujais, Joanne M. Bargman, and Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos. "Comparison between Bicarbonate/Lactate and Standard Lactate Dialysis Solution in Peritoneal Transport and Ultrafiltration: A Prospective, Crossover Single-Dwell Study." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 28, no. 1 (January 2008): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080802800108.

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Анотація:
Objective It has been proposed that biocompatible bicarbonate/lactate based (Bic/Lac), physiologic-pH peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions will be beneficial in long-term PD. However, we do not yet have detailed knowledge concerning the comparative physiology of buffer transport for these new solutions and their impact on underlying peritoneal transport of solutes and ultrafiltration (UF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of buffer handling and peritoneal membrane transport characteristics during a single dwell of the new Bic/Lac-based versus standard lactate-based (Lac) PD solution. Methods In this prospective crossover study, we compared a 25 mmol/L bicarbonate/15 mmol/L lactate buffered, physiologic pH, low glucose degradation product (GDP) solution (Physioneal; Baxter Healthcare, McGaw Park, Illinois, USA) with a standard lactate buffered, acidic pH, conventional solution (Dianeal; Baxter). 18 patients underwent two peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) with 2.5% Dianeal and 2.5% Physioneal separated by 1 week. Buffer transport, mass transfer area coefficients (MTACs), solute transport, and UF were determined for the two PETs. All bags were weighed by a nurse before instillation and after drainage to assess the net UF in each dwell. Results 18 patients that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Whereas intraperitoneal pH remained constant at 7.52 ± 0.11 throughout the dwell with the Bic/Lac solution, pH was still in the acidic range with the Lac solution after 1 hour (7.29 ± 0.13, p < 0.001); this difference disappeared after the second hour of dwell. The MTACs for creatinine (10.68 ± 3.66 vs 10.73 ± 2.96 mL/minute/ 1.73 m2, p > 0.05) and urea (27.94 ± 10.50 vs 27.62 ± 6.95 mL/min/1.73 m2, p > 0.05), for Bic/Lac versus Lac respectively, did not differ between these two solutions; transport of glucose and other solutes was also similar. However, after a 4-hour dwell with Bic/Lac solution, net UF was significantly lower than that observed with Lac solution (274.2 ± 223.3 mL vs 366.1 ± 217.3 mL, p = 0.026). Conclusions Compared to standard Lac-based solution, Bic/Lac based, pH neutral, low-GDP solution avoids intra-peritoneal acidity. Peritoneal mass transport kinetics are similar for small solutes. Net UF is significantly lower with Bic/Lac solution; the mechanism for this is unclear.
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24

Čokorilo, Olja, Slobodan Gvozdenović, Petar Mirosavljević, and Ljubiša Vasov. "MULTI ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: ASSESSING THE TECHNOLOGICAL AND OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS OF AN AIRCRAFT." TRANSPORT 25, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.43.

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Анотація:
Regional aircraft are playing a significant role in airline operations. This paper considers the problem of selecting an appropriate aircraft from the airline fleet for optimal regional air travel realization. Complexity balance between air travel demand (passengers, goods) and the proposed aircraft capacity presents the priority in airline operations. A principal feature of the methodology considered in this paper is a multi attribute analysis of technological and operational aircraft characteristics (turboprop and turbojet). A comparison of the presented regional aircraft parameters is based on the following criteria: technological (aerodynamic efficiency, structural efficiency, fuel flow at the optional FL, cruise endurance and requested trip fuel for the fixed cruise range), operational (max range with max payload, ground efficiency (aircraft maintainability based on external dimensions) and climb capability. With the aim of defining aircraft rank, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was applied. Therefore, the Saaty scale was used for developing the weight of different criteria. The conducted research included a sample of four representative regional aircraft: Do328, CRJ100er, Saab2000 and ERJ145. The results obtained would help in determining the airline fleet or selecting the optional solution from the existing fleet.
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25

Article, Editorial. "PAYMENT SOLUTIONS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT." World of Transport and Transportation 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2018-16-1-26.

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Анотація:
[For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].February 14, 2018, Moscow hosted the third Annual Forum «Innovative payment solutions for transport». The event is a specialized conference dedicated to the development of payment systems for public transport, payment regulation, elaboration of principles for unified transport environment, integration of payment solutions into urban services and social projects. Based on UITP news: http://www.eurasia.uitp. org/transport-payment-solution-need-unification
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Hu, Zhi-Hua. "LOW-EMISSION BERTH ALLOCATION BY OPTIMIZING SAILING SPEED AND MOORING TIME." Transport 35, no. 5 (December 28, 2020): 486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.14080.

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Анотація:
To investigate the relations among delay times (weighted by vessels’ handling times), the emissions during the vessels’ sailing and mooring in a Berth Allocation Problem (BAP) where the berth times and sailing speeds are formulated as decision variables. The vessels’ delay times are computed comparing to the vessels’ Expected Departure Times (EDTs); the sailing emission is determined by the sailing speed and distance; the mooring emission is positive to the mooring time at terminal. Multi-objective mixed-integer programs are established, and the nonlinear functions between emissions and sailing speeds are transferred to linear ones by the Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP) method. Solution methods are further developed based on e-constraint and stage-based methods by considering the preferences of objectives. Four groups of experiments are conducted to demonstrate the formulations, effects of vessels’ handling times and EDTs on the solutions, and the reduced emissions affected by the number of vessels in the schedules. Experimental results demonstrated that the efficiency purpose is not absolutely conflict with the environment purposes for some instances, and so they can be pursued at the same time; improving the vessels’ handling efficiency help expand the ranges of berth times and sailing speeds, resulting in reducing the delay times and emissions; advancing the EDTs can improve the terminal operators’ service quality to shipping companies, while the weighted delay times and emission may be increased.
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27

Stević, Željko, Marko Vasiljević, Adis Puška, Ilija Tanackov, Raimundas Junevičius, and Slavko Vesković. "EVALUATION OF SUPPLIERS UNDER UNCERTAINTY: A MULTIPHASE APPROACH BASED ON FUZZY AHP AND FUZZY EDAS." Transport 34, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7275.

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A decision-making process requires a prior definition and fulfilment of certain factors, especially when it refers to complex fields such as supply chain management. One of the most important items in the initial stage of a supply chain, which strongly influences its further flow, is making a decision on the most suitable supplier. In this paper, a model for evaluation and supplier selection has been proposed, which has been considered in more than ten different production areas. The model consists of twenty quantitative and qualitative criteria, which are reduced to a total of nine by the application of the fuzzy AHP and the assessment of managers in production companies. The verification of the model has been presented throughout a selection of suppliers in a company for the production of plastic bags and foils, where the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) method has been used to determine the significance of the criteria, and the Fuzzy Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (Fuzzy EDAS) to evaluate and select suppliers. The obtained results have been considered throughout a sensitivity analysis in which a total of 15 different scenarios have been formed and where the stability of the model has been determined, since the supplier one is the best solution in all the cases.
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28

Walicka, A., and B. Iwanowska-Chomiak. "Drug Diffusion Transport Through Human Skin." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 23, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 977–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2018-0055.

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Abstract The stratum corneum (SC) forms the outermost layer of the human skin and is essentially a multilamellar lipid milieu punctuated by protein-filled corneocytes that augment membrane integrity and significantly increase membrane tortuosity. The lipophilic character of the SC, coupled with its intrinsic tortuosity, ensure that it almost always provides the principal barrier to the entry of drug molecules into the organism. Drugs can be administered either as suspensions or as solutions and the formulation can range in complexity from a gel or and ointment to a multilayer transdermal path. In this paper, we discuss theoretical principles used to describe transdermal release and we show that relatively simple membrane transport models based on the appropriate solution to the Fick’s second law of diffusion can be used to explain drug release kinetics into such a complex biological membrane as the human skin. To apply the Fick’s law we introduced into our considerations a brick-and-mortar model with two factors of tortuosity. Assuming that the mortar thickness is variable we also introduced the hindrance factor allowing us to model this variability. Having the modified Fick’s equation we presented its general solution and two special cases of this solution frequently applicable in permeation experiments. It seems that the solutions presented herein better approximate the real conditions of drug delivery then these well known.
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29

Uyanik, Cihan, Gulfem Tuzkaya, Zeynep Tuğçe Kalender, and Senay Oguztimur. "AN INTEGRATED DEMATEL–IF-TOPSIS METHODOLOGY FOR LOGISTICS CENTERS’ LOCATION SELECTION PROBLEM: AN APPLICATION FOR ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN AREA." Transport 35, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 548–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12210.

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Logistics Centers (LCs) are among the most important facilities for rapid, cost effective, environmental friendly and secure logistics services to the urban logistics problems. Finding proper locations to LCs has an important effect on their success. In this study, LCs’ location selection problem for Istanbul Metropolitan area is investigated. Istanbul is a leading city of Turkey in many categories including various industries, import/export amounts, transportation infrastructure and population density. However, industrialization and urbanization have introduced numerous problems to Istanbul. New projects are continuously being announced for the problems of metropolis, however, they may also bring new problems if they are not punctiliously planned and applied. Hence, in this study, it is aimed to propose a systematic Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach for the LCs’ location selection problem of Istanbul. In this approach, an integrated DEcision-MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Intuitionistic Fuzzy (IF) Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is utilized. DEMATEL is used to analyse the decision criteria and IF-TOPSIS is used to evaluate candidate locations for LCs. Considering the vagueness inherent to this decision-making problem, IF sets are used for the evaluation process. Results are compared with the results of IF-VIKOR (VIše Kriterijumska Optimizacija kompromisno Rešenje – multi-criteria optimization and compromise solution) technique.
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30

Cichosz, Marzenna. "IT solutions in logistics of smart bike-sharing systems in urban transport." Management 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2013-0071.

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Summary IT solutions in logistics of smart bike-sharing systems in urban transport In recent years, the public transport of Krakow, Rzeszow, Wroclaw, Poznan, Opole and Warsaw has expanded into the third generation bike-sharing programs - smart bikes. It’s an innovative solution, deploying IT systems and technology to integrate individual stations of urban bike rental system. The article presents the business model solution, its functionality from the perspective of customers and operator, and shows the role of IT solutions support in managing the logistics of rental network. An illustrative case of „Veturilo” solution implementation is presented.
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31

Keyser, Ulrich F. "Controlling molecular transport through nanopores." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 63 (June 29, 2011): 1369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0222.

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Nanopores are emerging as powerful tools for the detection and identification of macromolecules in aqueous solution. In this review, we discuss the recent development of active and passive controls over molecular transport through nanopores with emphasis on biosensing applications. We give an overview of the solutions developed to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the resistive-pulse technique based on biological and solid-state nanopores.
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32

Said, Irfan, Agustinus Ribal, and Khaeruddin Khaeruddin. "MacCormack method for solving one-dimensional bed-load sediment transport model." Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi 19, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/j.v19i2.24182.

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In this work, we investigate the numerical solution of one-dimensional bed-load sediment transport model using two steps finite difference method which so-called MacCormack method. Bed-load sediment transport model is composed by the shallow water equation and Exner equation. The Meyer-Peter and Muller (MPM) formula and Wu formula will be used to determine the Grass factor of the bed-load sediment transport. These governing equations will be discretized into predictor and corrector steps of the MacCormack method. The numerical results of the MacCormack method will be validated with an analytical solution of the bed-load sediment transport model. In addition, the MacCormack solution will also be compared with experimental solutions and another numerical method solutions that have existed previously. The numerical results based on MacCormack method give excellent results in which the numerical and the analytical results are hardly differentiated with RMSE of around 00042 or 4,2 .
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33

Topolski, Mariusz. "Management of intelligent internal transport through computer-based probabilistic algorithms." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.211.

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This article presents a proposal proprietary approach to the task of optimizing transport processes. In modern logistics, there is a very high complexity of the transport processes. The development of technology has made the systems are becoming more complex. This generates high costs and quite often only approximate the best solutions. The model shows the connection classifier Ford-Fulkerson network flow algorithm Demstera-Shafer theory based on mathematical records. This method is used to obtain the limit problems (tasks) transport. This method is based inter alia on the cost matrix, which means that usually obtained cost solution to the problem is significantly lower than using other methods. The solution acceptable - it is a temporary solution. There are many feasible solutions to a transportation problem, wherein each further has a better (lower) or at least a minimal cost from the previous.
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34

Krylov, Artem V., and Yuliia S. Yamnenko. "Solution of the transport problem by artificial intelligence for maritime transport." Shipbuilding & marine infrastructure 1(11) (2019): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15589/smi2019.1(11).14.

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35

Růžička, J., J. Kruntorád, and R. Rek. "Microsimulation of pedestrian conflict with other transport modes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 900, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/900/1/012038.

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Abstract An effective solution of the conflict points of different transport modes is a significant issue at the urban level today. With the permanent increase of traffic in cities, it is necessary to look for suitable and sustainable transport solutions to these situations, so that the traffic flow is smooth and the transport remains safe, ecological and economical. The paper deals with the design of a simple decision-making tool for selecting the solution of pedestrian conflict with other traffic modes (classical pedestrian crossing, controlled pedestrian crossing for defined pedestrian and vehicle flows, based on experimental microsimulation. High pedestrian flows their dependence on the delay time of road users are not properly implemented in Czech legislation. The results are verified in a case study of conflict solution within the reconstruction of a public transport terminal in Prague.
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36

Hitchon, W. N. G., and H. E. Mynick. "Ripple transport in ‘transport-optimized’ stellarators." Journal of Plasma Physics 37, no. 3 (June 1987): 383–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800012265.

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Transport in ‘transport-optimized’ stellarators at low collision frequencies has been studied using a numerical method of solution of the bounce-averaged Fokker–Planck equation which describes both ripple-trapped and non-ripple-trapped particles in a stellarator. Diffusion rates in ‘transport-optimized’ stellarators had not previously been calculated at collision frequencies which are low enough for the effects of a radial electric field to be important. It was found that the configurations which were optimized for transport at the highest collision frequencies at which ripple-trapped particles exist give improved transport at all lower collision frequencies of interest, and also at higher collision frequencies. Standard stellarators have also been studied since in these cases the results can be compared with existing analytic theories and the transport mechanisms have been clarified as a result. Comparisons with Monte Carlo calculations show excellent agreement, and, although existing analytic methods of solution can strictly only be applied in rather few cases, some extensions of analytic results are discussed which enable us to explain quantitatively the behaviour observed.
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37

Park, Min Sun, Olof Heimbürger, Jonas Bergström, Jacek Waniewski, Andrzej Werynski, and Bengt Lindholm. "Peritoneal Transport during Dialysis with Amino Acid-Based Solutions." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 13, no. 4 (October 1993): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089301300404.

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Objective To evaluate the potential clinical role of amino acids as an osmotic agent. Design The peritoneal transport of fluid, amino acids, and other solutes was investigated during a 6–hour single-cycle peritoneal dialysis with PDA 1% versus 1.36% glucose (n=6) or PDA 2.7% versus 3.86% glucose solution (n=9). Patients Fifteen stable nondiabetic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Results The fractional absorption of the osmotic agents at 6 hours was higher with PDA 2.7% versus glucose 3.86% (p<0.005). The diffusive mass transport coefficient, KeD’ calculated for a period of dialysate isovolemia was higher with PDA 2.7% versus PDA 1% for essential, nonessential (p<0.005), and total (p<0.05) amino acids. The intraperitoneal volume-over-time curves and KqD values for urea, creatinine, glucose, albumin, β2microglobulin, and total protein did not differ between the amino acid solutions and the corresponding glucose solutions. KeD for urea was significantly higher during the dwell with PDA 2.7% versus PDA 1% (p<0.05). Plasma amino acid concentrations increased substantially during the first 1– 2 hours and then decreased gradually. Valine and methionine rose to 792% and 1119% of baseline values, respectively. Conclusions We conclude that the peritoneal transport of fluid and investigated solutes, except amino acids, was not different with the amino acid solutions compared with the corresponding equimolar glucose solutions. However, ultrafiltration tended to be lower with amino acid solutions. Furthermore, the fractional absorption of amino acids and KeD values for amino acids was higher with PDA 2.7% versus PDA 1 %, suggesting an effect of the hypertonic amino acid solution on the peritoneal membrane transport properties. Also, the hypertonic PDA2.7% solution yielded nonphysiologically high plasma levels of several amino acids. We therefore consider this solution not to be safe enough for long term clinical use.”
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38

Olszowska, Anna, Jacek Waniewski, Andrzej Werynski, Björn Anderstam, Bengt Lindholm, and Zofia Wankowicz. "Peritoneal Transport in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Using Glucose-Based and Amino Acid-Based Solutions." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 27, no. 5 (September 2007): 544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080702700514.

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Objective To evaluate peritoneal transport of fluid and solutes in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients using amino acid (AA)-based versus glucose-based dialysis solutions. Methods Using iodine-labeled human serum albumin (125I-HSA) as intraperitoneal volume marker, peritoneal transport was investigated in a group of 20 clinically stable patients (11 females and 9 men, age 53 ± 15 years) on CAPD for 15 – 101 months. Two paired 4-hour dwells, one with 1.36% glucose and one with 1.1% AA dialysis solution, were performed in each patient. Intraperitoneal dialysate volume, fluid absorption rate, and diffusive mass transport coefficients (KBD) and sieving coefficients (S) for glucose, creatinine, urea, potassium, and total protein were estimated for each dwell study. Dwell studies with AA solution were used to estimate KBD values for individual AAs. Results Intraperitoneal dialysate volume was higher for AA solution in comparison with glucose solution due to the higher osmolality of the AA solution. No statistically significant difference was found for KBD or S for creatinine, urea, potassium, or total protein in the dwell studies with either solution, whereas KBD for glucose was higher with AA than with glucose solution. Mean values of KBD of AA were similar but with high standard deviation, reflecting inter-individual variations in peritoneal transport rate. Conclusion Our results indicate that the AA peritoneal transport rate is strongly dependent on transport characteristics of the individual peritoneal membrane.
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39

Flessner, Michael F., Kimberly Credit, Karla Richardson, Rebecca Potter, Xiaorong Li, Zhi He, Glenn Hoskins, and Jeffrey Henegar. "Peritoneal Inflammation after Twenty-Week Exposure to Dialysis Solution: Effect of Solution versus Catheter–Foreign Body Reaction." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 30, no. 3 (May 2010): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2009.00100.

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♦ BackgroundWe hypothesized that both sterile solutions and foreign body reaction to the peritoneal dialysis catheter are associated with inflammatory changes in rats exposed to hypertonic solution.♦ MethodsFour hypertonic solutions (30 – 40 mL) were injected daily via needle and syringe over 20 weeks in 4 groups of rats: 4.25% standard clinical solution (LAC), LAC plus pyridoxamine (PYR), LAC plus ethyl pyruvate (EP), and a biocompatible 4% dextrose solution (BIC). Two groups received catheters: a non-injected 4-week catheter group (C4) and a group injected for 20 weeks with the BIC solution (CI). Control animals (CON) were not injected. In the C4 group, adherent cells were separated from the catheter and examined by culture and electron microscopy to ensure that animals were bacteria free prior to exposure to solution. Animals underwent transport experiments to determine mass transfer coefficients of mannitol (MTCM) and albumin (MTCA), osmotic filtration flux (Josm), and hydrostatic pressure-driven flux (Jp). After euthanasia, tissues were examined for submesothelial thickness, vascular density, and immunohistochemistry for various cytokines.♦ ResultsThe catheter cell layer was free of bacteria and consisted of macrophages, lymphocytes, mesothelial cells, and fibroblastic cells. Marked differences in angiogenesis and submesothelial thickening were noted for the catheter groups. Transport differences were mixed: MTCMwas significantly less for the CI group and MTCAwas variable among the groups. There were no differences among groups for Josmor Jp. Inflammatory markers in the catheter-adherent cells correlated with inflammatory changes in the tissue. These data demonstrate significant changes in submesothelial thickness, angiogenesis, transport function, and inflammatory markers between animals injected with sterile solutions over 20 weeks with and without catheters.♦ ConclusionsAn indwelling catheter amplifies peritoneal inflammation from dialysis solutions through a foreign body reaction. Our data also suggest that additives to existing solutions may have limited the effect on inflammatory response to non-biocompatible solutions.
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40

Cirella, Giuseppe T., Carole Mtizi, and Felix O. Iyalomhe. "Public transportation solutions in Southern Africa: case study Zimbabwe and South Africa." Transport Economics and Logistics 79 (October 23, 2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.79.06.

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Our research investigates current challenges faced in southern Africa’s public transport sector and proposes a possible solution to overcome these challenges. Using South Africa and Zimbabwe as case studies, we identify shared challenges experienced in both countries for which a universal solution may be adopted. It was found that these challenges could mostly be attributed to government actions. We propose a need for better integration of social outcomes within public transport policy at the strategic, tactical and operational levels throughout the region. Moreover, we suggest that technology-driven solutions can be introduced in the public transport realm, amongst other solutions, entailing a universal cashless payment system coupled with GPS technology.
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41

Siedlecki, Tomasz. "Free public transport as a way to minimize the negative effects of transport congestion in cities." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.070.

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The article presents the causes and effects of road congestion in cities and solutions that minimize the negative effects of transport congestion. One of the given ways is to introduce free public transport. This article presents the conditions for the implementation of free public transport, its positive and negative sides and examples of Polish cities that have decided to apply such a solution.
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42

Schneebeli, Hannes, Andrew Nash, and Milena Scherer. "Glattalbahn: Innovative Transport Solution for Suburban Areas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2146, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2146-01.

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43

Dieckmann, Rüdiger. "Solution and transport of water in oxides." Materials at High Temperatures 22, no. 1 (February 15, 2005): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/096034005782750509.

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44

Chang, Yu-Hsien, and Cheng-Hong Hong. "Generalized Solution of the Photon Transport Problem." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2010-089-6.

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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to show the existence of a generalized solution of the photon transport problem. By means of the theory of equicontinuous C0-semigroup on a sequentially complete locally convex topological vector space we show that the perturbed abstract Cauchy problem has a unique solution when the perturbation operator and the forcing term function satisfy certain conditions. A consequence of the abstract result is that it can be directly applied to obtain a generalized solution of the photon transport problem.
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45

Smith, Martin. "Batteries versus biomass as a transport solution." Nature 457, no. 7231 (February 2009): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/457785d.

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46

Link, R. "Feautrier solution of the electron transport equation." Journal of Geophysical Research 97, A1 (1992): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91ja02214.

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47

Yeung, Albert T., and Shiyan Jiang. "Appraisal of Ogata Solution for Solute Transport." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 121, no. 2 (February 1995): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1995)121:2(111).

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48

Gao, Jia, Fernando J. Uribe-Romo, Jonathan D. Saathoff, Hasan Arslan, Colin R. Crick, Sam J. Hein, Boris Itin, Paulette Clancy, William R. Dichtel, and Yueh-Lin Loo. "Ambipolar Transport in Solution-Synthesized Graphene Nanoribbons." ACS Nano 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2016): 4847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b00643.

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49

GRISMER, M. E. "VAPOR TRANSPORT DURING SOLUTION DISPLACEMENT IN SOILS." Soil Science 146, no. 4 (October 1988): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198810000-00001.

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50

Abdou, M. A. "On the solution of ion transport equation." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 70, no. 2 (July 2001): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4073(00)00131-x.

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