Дисертації з теми "Solution aqueuse de polymères"
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Martin, Isabelle. "Synthèse et rhéologie en solution aqueuse de copolymères acryliques associatifs." Toulon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUL0004.
Повний текст джерелаDifferent series of alkyl- and arylalkylacrylamide have been synthesized : CH2CHCOCN(CH2)nR Avec R = H,' n = 2, 6,10 These monomers were then copolymerized with acrylamide under miccllar conditions in proportion of 0,5 and 1 mol% depending of the length of the alkyl chain. Homopolyacrylamide was prepared under identical conditions to serve as reference in the rheological study. The molecular weight of these polymers was assessed by static light scattering and their composition was determinated by LH RMN spcctroscopy using an internal reference because of the low incorporation level We have investigated different lengths of alkyl chain and various nature of the snbstituent R in order to assess the influence of these parameters on the rheological properties. In dilute regime, the intrinsic viscosity of those copolymers can be inferior to the polyacrylamide one indicating the presence of intramolecular associations. In this case, the value of the Muggins coefficient is higher. An semi-dilute regime, we can note, at low shear rates, an increase of the viscosity which results in the formation of inter-molecular associations. The study of the linear viscoelastic behaviour indicates that this interactions lead to an enhancement of the relaxation time of the system. The intensity of theses hydrophobic interactions depend on the length of the alkyl chain, the incorporation level of the hydrophobic monomer and the size of the hydrophobic block. The presence of the aromatic group increases the associative behaviour. The drag reduction of the copolymer containing the phenyldecyl chain presents a high efficiency and a time persistant activity. This behaviour can be correlated to his associative properties
Boulouz, M'barka. "Comportement d'un polymère vieilli sous l'action d'un champ électrique, en présence d'une solution aqueuse." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30142.
Повний текст джерелаBoscher, Aurore. "Photodégradation du pyrène en solution aqueuse et en phase adsorbée." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS003.
Повний текст джерелаPaths (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) are persistent organic pollutants and are ubiquitous in the environment. In this study, we focused our intention on the photochemical behaviour of preen, which is chosen as model molecule of PAH, in solution and adsorbed on minerals supports and lakeside sediments. Kinetics studies at 254 nm performed in salve not with different polarity has Shawn that the degradation of quantum yield "PHI"deg is proportion al at the solvent polarity. This observation indicates that the primary degradation mechanism is ionic. However, "PHI"deg is inversely proportional at the concentration of dissolved oxygen. Analysis performed by laser flash photolysis confirmed the formation of intermediates such as pyrene radical cation (py° +) and the triplet state of pyrene (3Py). In this work, a primary mechanism was proposed which mainly involved the formation of the Pie. + Tram the singlet state (81), but as wail 3Py in absent of oxygen, the solvent, and the dissolved oxygen, which ages mainly as an inhibitor of the photo degradation of preen in organic solution. The irradiation of pyrene adsorbed on different supports, were carried out in a photochemical reactor. Equipped with a lamp, which simulate the solar spectrum. Two kinds of screen effects have been showed. One comes from the support itself and the other one comes from the photoproducts synthesised on the surface of support, for an adsorption of preen in multilayer. The best photo reactivity of pyrene is found on silica, with the formation of 1,6- 1,8- and 4,5-pyrenequinones. Moreover, different tests of acute toxicity with vibrio fishery have been tested on two mains quinines (1,6- and 1,8-pyrenequinone) formed in aqueous medium. These tests showed that the acute toxicity is not increased by the photo oxidation of pyrene
Braun, Olivier. "Synthèse en microémulsion de polymères ioniques stimulables et étude de leurs propriétés en solution aqueuse." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13218.
Повний текст джерелаPiluso, Pierre. "Développement de nouvelles formulations à base de polymères fonctionnels pour la mise au point de papiers techniques à propriétés spécifiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1090.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work dealt with the study of the acetalization reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in aqueous medium by non-water soluble aldehydes bearing long alkyl chains and a vinyl end group such as 10-undecenal in specific conditions: in 8 wt% concentrated PVA solutions and with low acetalization degree (AD) from 0.33 mol% to 5.6 mol%. The main purpose of this grafting reaction is to obtain an activated surface on water casted polymer films. First, the impact of reactants concentrations, pH and reaction atmosphere on the acetalization kinetics was studied with a model compound first, pentane-2,4-diol, then with PVA. A new 1H NMR titration method allowed to carry out in situ quantification of the amount of reactant and of grafted aldehyde.On main objectives of this work was to obtain the highest DA while keeping PVA solutions viscosity as low as possible to keep a sufficiently low solution viscosity for a solvent cast process. The impact of AD by 10-undecenal on PVA solution organization and on the rheological properties of 8 wt% PVA aqueous solutions were investigated first until 1.85 mol% AD. A surface vinyl groups quantification method was developed through chemical labeling of the vinyl groups at the surface of solvent casted PVA films and 1H NMR titration of the labels. This method allowed the study of vinyl groups orientation toward the surface of acetalized PVA films until 1.48 mol% AD.The influence of PVA molar mass and of aldehyde alkyl chain length on acetalization kinetics and solutions viscosity was also studied. The use of a low molar mass polymer appeared to be an efficient way to obtain highly modified films while keeping a low 8 wt% acetalized PVA solution viscosity
Bellot-Ayreault, Mathilde. "Assemblages réversibles dirigés par liaisons hydrogène en solution aqueuse." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066614.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Hu. "Étude de nouveaux polymères thermosensibles en solution aqueuse et de leur changement de solubilité induit par le pH." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8740.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: Stimuli-responsive polymers that undergo dramatic chemical or physical changes in response to external stimuli have attracted a great deal of attention from both fundamental and applied points of view. Among them, polymers sensitive to change in temperature have been particularly the focus of much research and development effort, because temperature change is a stimulus that can readily be applied in a reversible and non-invasive manner and spontaneous temperature fluctuations occur in biological environment. Moreover, many thermosensitive polymers can also respond to other stimuli such as light, magnetic field and pH. Such dual- or multi-stimuli-responsive polymers are particularly interesting for practical applications, especially in the biological area since biological systems can selectively respond to multiple environmental changes rather than a single stimulus. The research conducted in this thesis deals with the development of novel thermoresponsive polymers in aqueous solution and the study of their solubility control by both temperature and pH change. Thermoresponsive polymers in aqueous solution can display either a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) or upper critical solution temperature (UCST). Basically, for LCST polymers, they are soluble at temperatures below LCST but become insoluble above LCST, while UCST polymers exhibit a reversed thermosensitivity by being soluble in water at temperatures above UCST and insoluble below the phase separation temperature. Until now, most studies have been dedicated to LCST polymers, and UCST polymers have much less been investigated because they are not as easily accessible as their LCST counterparts. These two types of thermosensitive polymers have been studied in this thesis. In addition to the design, synthesis and characterization of novel polymers, especially UCST systems, a main objective of the thesis is to explore the effect of pH on LCST or UCST in order to develop polymers whose water solubility can be switched, between soluble and insoluble state, by a change in pH at a constant solution temperature. In the first project, in order to increase the magnitude of pH-triggered LCST shift, a new comonomer bearing an acrylic acid and a benzoic acid group of similar pKa in the structure was designed and synthesized, namely, 4-((2-carboxyallyl)oxy)benzoic acid (CBA). With respect to comonomers containing a single acid group, this particular comonomer structure makes it more hydrophobic in the protonated state (pH < pKa) due to the phenyl group and more hydrophilic in the deprotonated state (pH > pKa) due to the double charge. The efficiency of this design has been demonstrated by using CBA as a comonomer to polymerize with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) to obtain a copolymer P(NIPAM-co-CBA). The cloud point measurements showed large and reversible shift of LCST upon pH change, confirming the comonomer design principle as a useful strategy for enhancing the efficiency and sensitivity of the pH-responsiveness of LCST polymers. In the second project, our studies found that the random copolymer of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) (P(AAm-co-AN)) synthesized using the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) method can display a sharp and stable UCST in aqueous solution. We showed that this polymer can then be utilized as macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro-CTA) to grow a second polymer of choice for block copolymer (BCP) synthesis. Three representative diblock copolymers were synthesized with the second block being either hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) or hydrophilic poly(dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) or poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) displaying a LCST. The three BCPs of different designs can all exhibit thermally induced changes as dictated by the UCST of the P(AAm-co-AN) block, in a reversible and robust way in both pure water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Their self-assembled structures exhibit a variety of behaviors such as the reversible dispersion-aggregation of micelles, dissolution-formation of micelles, and reversal of micelle core and corona. Our obtained results point out that P(AAm-co-AN) is a robust UCST polymer that can be introduced into controlled polymer architectures producible by RAFT, much the same way as using the extensively studied LCST counterparts like poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). This possibility makes the door wide open to exploring new thermosensitive polymers based on the thermosensitivity opposite to the LCST. Even a few charged groups in UCST polymers may affect greatly the phase separation temperature due to a small solution enthalpy change associated with the process. This property has been exploited in the third project to develop ultrasensitive pH-induced solubility switch. To render the UCST polymer P(AAm-co-AN) sensitive to pH, either acrylic acid (AAc) or 4-vinyl pyridine (4VP) comonomer units were introduced into P(AAm-co-AN) resulting in P(AAm-co-AN-co-AAc) or P(AAm-co-AN-co-4VP). The results found a large increase or decrease of the cloud point over a small change of pH. In particular, one P(AAm-co-AN-co-4VP) sample could exhibit a 57 oC cloud point shift over 0.25 pH unit, and its transition from soluble to insoluble state at room temperature can be visually observed over a pH change as little as 0.05 unit. To demonstrate possible applications, an ABA-type triblock copolymer was synthesized using this sample as macro-CTA to polymerize water-soluble dimethylacrylamide (DMA), giving rise to P(AAm-co-AN-co-4VP)-b-PDMA-b-P(AAm-co-AN-co-4VP). At 37 oC, the micelle of this triblock copolymer could be stable from pH 7.00 down to 4.75, but abruptly disassembled at 4.50, implying the possibility of drug release triggered by a slight pH change. This study demonstrates the potential of developing UCST polymers and their assemblies that can undergo ultrasensitive pH-controlled water solubility switch and thus offer new possibilities for applications.
Yin, Fang. "Copolymères multi-stimulables : effet de la composition et de la structure sur leurs propriétés en solution aqueuse." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30230.
Повний текст джерелаStimulable polymers have attracted a lot of interest in recent years due to their ability to respond macroscopically, rapidly and reversibly to changes in their local environment, opening the way to multiple promising applications (controlled drug release, modifiable interfaces...). The objective of this thesis is to study the effect of composition, molar mass, architecture, concentration of copolymers on their transformations in aqueous solution triggered by a change of temperature and/or pH (modified by addition of base/acid or by bubbling CO2/N2). In this thesis, we are interested in three families of block or random copolymers carrying functions whose states are modulated by temperature or pH changes: (1) thermosensitive poly((N-vinyl caprolactam)-stat-(N-vinylpyrrolidone)) (P(VCL-stat-VP)) copolymers, (2) thermosensitive poly((n-butylacrylate)-co-(N-isopropylacrylamide)) (P(BA-co-NIPAM)) copolymers with different structures and compositions (diblock, triblock and random) and (3) copolymers sensitive to both stimuli (temperature and pH/CO2): poly((N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-(N-,N-diethylamino ethyl acrylamide)) (PNIPAM-b-PDEAEAM). Their syntheses, carried out by RAFT polymerization, are presented in the manuscript. In addition, we studied the response induced by stimuli on macromolecular parameters of these (co)polymers in water such as the conformation of the chains in solution, the modification of hydrophilicity and/or the ionic charge distributed along the (co)polymer chain. These modifications resulted in the modulations of solubility and influenced the formation of self-assemblies or hydrogels. Thus, after an introduction on the state of the art on stimulable polymers under stimuli of temperature, pH and CO2, the stabilization of colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles by P(VCL-stat-VP) copolymers with different compositions was the subject of chapter II. The catalytic properties of nanohybrids on the reduction by sodium borohydride of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol was studied. The behavior of P(BA-co-NIPAM) with different morphologies (statistical, diblock and triblock) in dilute and concentrated solution under temperature changes was studied and compared in chapter III. This enables to highlight the modification of molecular interactions near critical temperatures. The densities of the formed hydrogels were also compared and a higher density in the case of triblock structures was evidenced. The behavior of PNIPAM-b-PDEAEAM with different compositions in water under change of pH by addition of acid or base and by bubbling CO2/N2 was detailed presented in chapters IV and V respectively. The modifications of the cloud points induced by pH changes as well as the different characteristics of the objects formed were studied. These changes are related to the modifications of the conformations of the (co)polymer chains and the interactions between polymer chains and water at the molecular level
Beaudoin, Emmanuel. "Polymères associatifs à base de poly (oxude d'éthylène), étude en solution aqueuse en l'absence et en présence d'additifs." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3001.
Повний текст джерелаBiver, Claudine. "Formation d'amas dans les solutions de polymères hydrosolubles : influence sur le comportement en solution d'un polysaccharide végétal : le scléroglucane." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066199.
Повний текст джерелаPicton, Luc. "Propriétés en solution aqueuse d'éthers cellulosiques associatifs. Influence des cosolutés et de la température : conséquences rhéologiques." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES047.
Повний текст джерелаBenjelloun, Abdesselam. "Synthèse et étude du comportement en milieu aqueux de nouveaux polymères amphiphiles cationiques dérivés de la 3-vinylpyridine." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL027N.
Повний текст джерелаBataille, Isabelle. "Propriétés associatives en solution aqueuse de dérivés alkylés de carboxyméthylpullulanes." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES013.
Повний текст джерелаSistach, stéphanie. "Stabilisation de nanoparticules métalliques en solution aqueuse par des molécules à propriétés stimuli-dépendantes." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1223/.
Повний текст джерелаFirst, several bolaamphiphiles (surfactant with two polar heads linked by an apolar chain) were synthezised then used as nanoparticles stabilizers. The influence of molecular structure (nature of the polar head, apolar chain length) on the stability of the system was studied. These two parameters appear to be very important for the colloidal stability, and a pH-sensitive behaviour was also observed. Original thermosensitive blos copolymers including a bloc of PNIPAM constitute the second stabilizers family. There were synthezised by RAFT/MADIX and caracterizedin bulk and aqueous solutions. The stabilization of gold nanoparticles in water was studied and the thermosensitive behaviour of copolymer allowed to have a reversible precipitation as a function of the temperature. These nanohybrids were then used in catalysis. The reversible agregation allowed the recovery and the reuse of the catalysts. Two reactions was studied: the reduction of the p-nitrophenol by the sodium borohydride (catalysed by gold nanoparticles) and alkene hydrogenation (catalysed by platinium nanoparticles). The influence of aggregation/redispersion cycles on the catalytic activity was also studied
Gohon, Yann. "Étude structurale et fonctionnelle de deux protéines membranaires, la bactériorhodopsine et le récepteur nicotinique de l'acétylcholine, maintenues en solution aqueuse non détergente par des polymères amphiphiles." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066412.
Повний текст джерелаWehbe, Elsy. "Magnetohydrodynamic of a non-newtonien fluid." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2023. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04421152.
Повний текст джерелаMagnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is the discipline studying the behavior of conductive fluids of electricity when their movement is coupled to the electromagnetic field. Here we study in $Omega$, a possibly multi-connected two-dimensional domain, the existence of solutions for an MHD coupling an equation of polymer aqueous solution with Maxwell equation of electromagnetic. To solve our problem we need some estimations related to the Stokes-associated problem. One of the difficulties is the geometry of the domain and the nonlinear term of third order $(u cdot nabla)(u-alpha Delta u)$. On the other hand, it is shown an additional regularity in $W^{2,p}(O)$ for the magnetic field
Grisel, Michel. "Système schizophyllane/borax. Interactions en milieu dilué et semi-dilué. Rhéologie et morphologie des gels." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES057.
Повний текст джерелаNadal-Mouginot, Yolande. "Contribution à l'étude électrochimique en solution aqueuse de la complexation des ions Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) et Pb(II) par des polymères hydrosolubles ou réticulés dérivés de l'acide acrylique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10105.
Повний текст джерелаAllanic, Nadine. "Optimisation sous contraintes d'une opération de séchage combinant la convection et les technologies rayonnantes infrarouges : application à un polymère en solution aqueuse." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIS079.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the drying of a polymer (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) in aqueous solution mixed with a plasticizer and various additives. A heating combining convective and short infrared electromagnetic radiation energy inputs is used. The use of infrareds, which allow a high and direct energy transfer to the product, is interesting provided that one has correctly identified the impact of infrared irradiation on the thermal and hydric behavior of the product. Consequently, an experimental and numerical study was undertaken. After characterizing by several measurements the main properties of the polymer, experiments were carried out on a drying setup. The analysis of the drying kinetics showed the necessity to develop a knowledge model of the thermal and hydric behavior of the product, in order to proceed with an optimization phase of the process. In parallel to this experimental study, a one-dimensional model describing heat and mass transfers inside the product was developed. It enables to access the moisture content field and the temperature inside the product and takes into account the product shrinkage. Two mathematical approaches were studied, in particular to solve the difficulties of resolution related to the shrinkage during the drying. The knowledge of the diffusion coefficient, function of the temperature and the moisture content, is necessary for a satisfactory representation of the phenomena in the model. The estimation of this parameter was made with an inverse method, using drying kinetics in forced convection. Various experiments were used to validate that model. On the basis of the developed model, an optimal control approach was selected to optimize the drying process. The infrared irradiation to apply to the product is determined off-line, by minimizing an objective function subject to process constraints, notably the drying time reduction and the energy cost, and constraints on the product (temperature and moisture content)
Bac, Alain. "Nouveaux matériaux organophiles filmogènes à squelette inorganique : application à l'extraction par pervaporation de composés organiques en solution aqueuse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL050N.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Xiaohan. "Auto-assemblage et modélisation des copolymères à blocs amphiphiles polylactide/poly(éthylène glycol) de différentes structures de chaînes en solution aqueuse." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13507/document.
Повний текст джерелаA series of amphiphilic polylactide/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA/PEG) block copolymers was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization, click chemistry, or coupling PLA and PEG homopolymers with functional end groups (OH, COOH or NH2). Different configurations of PLA (PLLA and PDLA) were considered to elucidate the effect of stereocomplexation on the physico-chemical properties of copolymers. The obtained copolymers exhibit diverse chain structures, including PEG-PLA diblock, PLA-PEG-PLA ABA-type or asymmetric PEG-PLA-PEG BAB-type triblock structures. The molar mass of copolymers ranges from c.a. 2,000 to 20,000, and the EO/LA ratio from c.a. 1.0 to 7.0. Diverse self-assembled aggregates, including nanotubes, polymersomes, filomicelles, anisotropic micelles and spherical micelles, were obtained by dissolving the resulting copolymers, mixing different copolymers, or mixing copolymers with surfactant in aqueous solution. Theoretical models are proposed to simulate the formation of aggregates and to explain the evolution of their size and morphology as a function of EO/LA ratio, block length, etc
Fischer, Arnaud. "Synthèse de nouveaux copolymères amphiphiles cationiques a blocs par voie radicalaire contrôlée et examen de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques en solution aqueuse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL069N.
Повний текст джерелаCharpentier, Dominique. "Carboxyméthylcelluloses à hydrophobie variable : propriétés associatives en solution diluée et semi-diluée." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES012.
Повний текст джерелаAllanic, Nadine. "OPTIMISATION SOUS CONTRAINTES D'UNE OPERATION DE SECHAGE COMBINANT LA CONVECTION ET LES TECHNOLOGIES RAYONNANTES INFRAROUGES - APPLICATION A UN POLYMERE EN SOLUTION AQUEUSE -." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624458.
Повний текст джерелаCoche, Liliane. "Préparation et étude électrochimique d'électrodes modifiées par des films de polymères rédox : application à la catalyse électrochimique rédox." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10046.
Повний текст джерелаRoure, Isabelle. "Rhéologie et dimensions des chaines du hyaluronane en solution." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10227.
Повний текст джерелаBaguenard, Céline. "Synthèse et caractérisation d’architectures macromoléculaires complexes à base d’un bloc « stimuli-responsive »." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0009.
Повний текст джерелаPH- or temperature-responsive polymers become hydrophobic from a critical pH or temperature. When they are associated to a hydrophilic block, they may respond to a stimulus by forming reversible micelles in aqueous solution. This thesis mainly deals with the synthesis by controlled radical polymerization of ABC- or ACB-type triple hydrophilic block copolymers, based on a highly hydrophilic block (PEO, A-block), a pH- and temperature-responsive moiety (PDMAEMA, B-block) and a cationic sequence (PDMAEMAquat, C-block). As their characterization by SEC in aqueous phase was not conclusive, they were therefore analyzed by diffusional NMR. In addition, their self-assembly in aqueous solution depending on pH or temperature was studied by 1H NMR and DLS. Furthermore, the cationic C-block form a so-called polyelectrolyte complex with a negatively charged polymer (PSS). Objects resulting from the complexation between the last block of ABC-triblock and PSS were characterized by 1H NMR, DLS, diffusional NMR and TEM. Their behavior in aqueous solution was also investigated depending on pH and temperature
Glinel, Karine. "Polysaccharides perfluorés dérivés de pullulane : synthèse et étude des propriétés en solution." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES009.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Bruyne Anne. "Contribution à l'étude de la formation et des propriétés des films de poly-2-vinylpyridine et de polypyrrole obtenus par électropolymérisation en solutions aqueuses." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212438.
Повний текст джерелаLe but de ce travail a été l'étude de la technique d'électropolymérisation en vue d'obtenir les meilleurs films possibles pour l'application de protection contre la corrosion de métaux non nobles, par formation à leur surface de films de polymères.
Une étude bibliographique des divers cas déjà envisagés dans la littérature nous a permis de nous faire une opinion sur les composés susceptibles de présenter un intérêt et de choisir ceux que nous allions étudier. Cette étude bibliographique est assez volumineuse, de nombreux cas ayant été abordés par divers groupes de chercheurs partout dans le monde. Chacun des laboratoires s'est attaché à l'étude d'une propriété ou d'un paramètre particulier et il est assez difficile de synthétiser ces résultats. Nous avons relevé la liste des paramètres importants ayant une influence tant au point de vue des propriétés de conductivité des dépôts obtenus qu'en ce qui concerne leurs propriétés mécaniques, leur morphologie et leur adhérence au substrat. Ces paramètres comprennent la nature du substrat sur lequel on réalise l'électropolymérisation, le type de solvant, le type et la concentration en électrolyte support dans la solution, la concentration en monomère, les conditions de synthèse (mode potentiostatique, intensiostatique ou balayage en potentiel, durée de maintien du potentiel ou de la densité de courant, valeur de ce potentiel ou de cette densité de courant ou encore vitesse du balayage en potentiel, température), etc. Il faut d'ailleurs signaler qu'il existe bien entendu des influences croisées, entre autres entre la morphologie, la conductivité, la couleur et le taux de dopage.
Le choix d'un composé doit se faire en tenant compte des propriétés intrinsèques et de l'usage que l'on veut faire du polymère obtenu. Le choix des paramètres de synthèse devra résulter d'un compromis puisque plusieurs propriétés des films sont influencées en sens divers par ces paramètres. Par exemple, une structure plus régulière, et donc a priori plus conductrice, semble être obtenue par augmentation de la taille du contre-ion dopant dans le cas du pyrrole, mais le changement de nature du contre-ion peut également faire varier le taux d'insertion de ceux-ci dans le polymère, facteur qui aura aussi un effet sur la conductivité et sur la morphologie du film formé. Le type de substituant et sa position sur le monomère sont aussi à prendre en considération.
Le premier composé envisagé dans la partie expérimentale est la 2-vinylpyridine. Ce cas a été choisi parce qu'il s'agissait d'une électropolymérisation par réduction, méthode qui nous paraissait intéressante puisqu'elle présente l'avantage d'éviter tout risque d'oxydation du substrat lors de la formation du film. La réaction secondaire de dégagement d'hydrogène simultanée à la formation du film nous a cependant conduit à la conclusion que ce procédé n'offrait pas que des avantages.
Les films de poly-2-vinylpyridine formés semblent être constitués de polymères à assez faible degré de polymérisation et relativement adhérents au substrat métallique, mais présentent l'inconvénient d'être poreux et irréguliers du fait du dégagement d'hydrogène gazeux au cours du processus de synthèse. Ils sont constitués principalement de carbone et d'azote, et ce dans un rapport proche de celui du monomère. D'après les comparaisons des spectres infrarouge et ultraviolet de ces films avec ceux de poly-2-vinylpyridines obtenues par voie chimique, il s'agirait bien de ce composé. Bien que notre but n'était pas de déduire le mécanisme conduisant à la formation du polymère, nous avons pu déterminer que la réduction conduisant à la formation de ces dépôts nécessitait un échange d'un électron par molécule de monomère présente dans la chaîne polymérique. La conductivité électronique des films est faible. Leur croissance aurait plutôt lieu par un mécanisme ionique dans lequel des molécules de monomère pourraient diffuser au travers de la couche polyédrique déjà formée et qui, une fois chargées, pourraient soit se combiner à d'autres monomères au niveau du substrat, soit diffuser dans le film et aller former du polymère à sa surface, au contact de la solution d'électropolymérisation.
Parmi les composés qui peuvent être obtenus lors d'une électropolymérisation par oxydation, nous avons choisi le pyrrole qui nous a semblé particulièrement intéressant pour une application de protection vis-à-vis de la corrosion de l'acier doux. Ce dérivé hétéroaromatique possède en effet, par rapport à ses homologues thiophène et furanne, un potentiel d'oxydation relativement peu élevé, c'est-à-dire peu anodique. Il est de plus bien soluble dans des milieux aqueux et possède de bonnes propriétés d'adhérence pour autant qu'il soit formé en présence d'électrolyte conduisant à la passivation du fer. Son électropolymérisation n'est pas inhibée par la présence d'eau comme c'est le cas du thiophène. Les propriétés mécaniques du polypyrrole, meilleures que celles de la polyaniline qui est également obtenue par oxydation électrochimique, constituent également un élément en sa faveur.
Parmi les solutions dignes d'intérêt pour la polymérisation électrochimique de ce monomère, le cas de la solution aqueuse d'acide oxalique s'est révélé particulièrement intéressant. Elle permet en effet la formation d'un film passivant d'oxalate de fer sur le substrat, suivie d'un dépôt polymérique très adhérent, noir et conducteur.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Echcherki, Thami. "Mise au point d'électrodes a membranes polymères contenant des ionophores sélectifs aux ions K, Na et Li pour le dosage de ces cations dans les milieux biologiques (analyses cliniques), et la détermination des énergies libres de transfert de l'eau dans les mélanges de solvants hydro-organiques." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10151.
Повний текст джерелаDeyme, Michel. "Modification de la composition chimique superficielle de polymères : étude de l'adsorption du collagène aux interfaces air ou polymère/solutions aqueuses." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114804.
Повний текст джерелаPavie, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation nanostructurale et rhéologique de solutions aqueuses de polymères hydrosolubles." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3017.
Повний текст джерелаTribloc polymers composed of POE and POP units have amphiphilic properties and form aggregates in aqueous solutions (micelles). The hydrophobic moiety is POP and the hydrophilic one is POE. When temperature or concentration increases, the micelles begin to organise themselves in crystalline structures. Our purpose was to identify this structure, by DPNA and rheology. We worked more precisely on two commercial products : Pluronic P and Tetronic T 908. We showed that the study of the variation of shear complex elastic modulus with temperature allowed to determine the transition temperature between the different type of organisation. The study of viscoélastic properties of the solutions and its interpretation gave consistent results. DNPA under shear allowed us to determine the structures present in the solutions and some of their characteristics (cell parameter). In the case of Pluronic P 105, we showed the presence of three type of micelle organisation : hexagonal, body centred cubic and lamellar
Sinquin, Anne. "Alginates associatifs : synthèse et étude physico-chimique en milieu aqueux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL035N.
Повний текст джерелаCalvet, Damien. "Polymères associatifs téléchéliques alkylés et perfluoroalkylés : synthèse - structures - rhéologie des solutions aqueuses." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20118.
Повний текст джерелаLiang, Ting. "Supramolecular polymers of triarylamines : studies in aqueous medium and covalent capture of their self-assemblies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF044/document.
Повний текст джерелаBased on the unique directionality and reversibility of non-covalent interactions, supramolecular self-assembly works as an elegant methodology to construct multifunctional hierarchical architectures. Inspired by nature, where water provides a vital environment for biological process such as biomacromolecular folding, water-soluble supramolecular polymers have been prepared and studied so as to mimic related biological systems. On the other hand, owing to the dynamic nature of their non-covalent bonds, supramolecular polymers often lack mechanical robustness. Thus, cross-linking strategies have been developed in order to combine highly ordered molecular arrangement inherent to the sef-assembly and mechanical robustness of the covalent backbone, which might bee promising to reach functional materials for practical applications. In this thesis, we focus on well-designed triarylamine molecules which are known to self-assemble into supramolecular polymers with excellent physical properties, as discovered by our group. In particular, molecules studied in this manuscript are based on tris-amide triarylamine scaffold known to produce self-assemblies with metallic conductivity and self-healing behavior. First, we studied the self-assemblies of three novel tris-amide triarylamine derivatives decorated with either poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), peptide or cyanine dyes side chains on the three amide positions in polar solvents, i.e. either water or methanol. Characterizations by various physico-chemical techniques (NMR, UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence, infrared spectroscopies, microscopies, scatterings) demonstrated the formation of fibrillar aggregates for all molecules in such polar environments. Overall, this study suggest that the triarylamine core act as the main driving force for the self-assembly into columnar aggregates while side chains ensure solubility in these solvents and/or favor the formation of chiral architectures. In a second study, we investigated the formation of tris-amide triarylamine supramolecular polymers decorated with norbornene and siloxane end side chains, which could be further used to freeze the self-assembled structures by ring opening metathesis polymerization and sol-gel methods, respectively. [...]
El, Moujahid Chaouki. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de systèmes aqueux de tensioactifs non ioniques fluorés." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10009.
Повний текст джерелаDague, Etienne Block Jean-Claude. "Physico-chimie des interfaces bactérie - solution aqueuse." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2006_0226_DAGUE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDague, Etienne. "Physico-chimie des interfaces bactérie - solution aqueuse." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0226_DAGUE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDague, Etienne. "Physico-chimie des interfaces bactérie - solution aqueuse." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0226_DAGUE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThomas, Fabien. "Mécanismes de rétention à l'interface alumine-solution aqueuse." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10444.
Повний текст джерелаMeunier, Laurence. "Phototransformation de composes organiques chlores en solution aqueuse." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF22252.
Повний текст джерелаGimenez, Isabelle. "Réduction électrochimique de l'acide oxalique en solution aqueuse." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594774h.
Повний текст джерелаThomas, Fabien. "Mécanismes de rétention à l'interface alumine-solution aqueuse." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376103681.
Повний текст джерелаAbou, Mehrez Odissa. "Chloration et monochloramination des aminophénols en solution aqueuse." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2320/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work describes the reactivity of chlorine and monochloramine with aminophenols in aqueous solution. Chlorination and monochloramination kinetic rates of aminophenols were investigated, first and final oxidation by-products were identified.Oxidant demands and formation potential of adsorbable organic halides (AOX), chloroform, haloacetic acids (HAA) and halonitriles (HAN) were determined during the chlorination and the monochloramination of aminophenols. The 3-aminochlorophenols and the 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (APX) were respectively identified during the monochloramination of 3AP and 2AP.Chlorination of aminophenols in a continuous flow reactor showed that the kinetic rates of 2-aminophenol (2AP) and 3-aminophenol (3AP) have the same order of magnitude at neutral pH. Kinetic modelling of 3AP chlorination indicated that aminophenolate is the most reactive species with chlorine.Monochloramination kinetics of 3AP in a batch reactor showed that the rate of monochloramination decreases when pH increases from 7 to 9 and the neutral form of 3AP is the most reactive with monochloramine. In comparison, chlorination rate of 3AP was estimated to be 105-fold higher than monochloramination rate
Catonné, Jean-Claude. "Contribution à l'étude du défaut de sélectivité présenté par les membranes échangeuses d'anions, dans le cadre de leurs applications au traitement électrochimique de régénération des solutions aqueuses d'acides minéraux." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066030.
Повний текст джерелаVallet, Magali. "Etude des phénomènes limitant l'étalement de solutions aqueuses sur des films de polymères par électromouillage." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10136.
Повний текст джерелаPerreur, Christelle. "Rhéologie et diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles de solutions aqueuses de copolymères en étoile de type POE-POP." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3016.
Повний текст джерелаBoumezioud, Mohamed. "Complexion de métaux de transition par des hydroxyquinolines en milieux homogènes et microhétérogènes : Influence de l'hydrophobie du ligand sur la cinétique réactionnelle dans des phases microémulsions." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10276.
Повний текст джерелаChampion, J. "Exploration du caractère métallique de l'astate en solution aqueuse." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450909.
Повний текст джерелаSarakha, Mohamed. "Comportement photochimique de mono- et dihydroxybiphenyles en solution aqueuse." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21208.
Повний текст джерела