Дисертації з теми "Solubility of Liquids"
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Campanell, Frank Christopher. "The Modeling of Solubility." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1169068854.
Повний текст джерелаAsatani, Haruki. "Solubility of gases in liquids." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4643.
Повний текст джерелаBernardo, Carlos Gabriel Pires Morgado. "Solubility of organic liquids in polystyrene matrices." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419261.
Повний текст джерелаWu, M. F. "The solubility of solutes in cryogenic liquids." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373935.
Повний текст джерелаOchsner, Allison Becker. "Solubility prediction in nonideal liquid mixtures /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260859494571.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Ana Rute Duarte dos. "Study on solubility of pharmaceutical compounds in ionic liquids." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9660.
Повний текст джерелаThe sufficient solubility of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), coumarin (COU) and 4-hydroxycoumarin (4HC) in alternative solvents obtained in this work can open new perspectives in pharmaceutical processing. Solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) measurements have been made using a dynamic (synthetic) method. The melting point and the enthalpy of fusion of the pharmaceutical compounds were acquired using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solubility of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and 4-hydroxycoumarin in trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquids was found to be significantly higher than in the studied bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, and when compared, coumarin have the opposite behaviour. The best solvent amongst studied for this antioxidant (NAC) and anticoagulants (COU and 4HC) was discovered. The solid–liquid phase equilibrium were described using six different correlation equations which revealed relatively good description with the acceptable standard deviation temperature range. Moreover, the solubility data was used to calculate the 1-octanol/water partition coefficients and experimental partition coefficients (logP) was found to be negative in N-acetyl-L-cysteine and positive in the case of coumarin, at five temperatures with N-acetyl-L-cysteine being more hydrophilic and coumarin more hydrophobic; These results are also proof of the possibility of using these compounds as pharmaceutical products.
Batista, Marta Luísa Salsas. "Development of a solubility parameters scale for ionic liquids." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3140.
Повний текст джерелаOs biocombustíveis, como bioetanol e butanol, têm se tornado numa área de grande relevância e objecto de investigação, dadas as suas propriedades que possibilitam a substituição dos combustíveis fósseis mais comuns. No entanto, a sua produção tem um problema associado que é a formação de azeotropos sempre que o álcool se encontra na presença de água. Este problema é usualmente ultrapassado pela utilização de Distilação Extractiva, onde os Líquidos Iónicos (ILs) são usados como agentes de separação, com o intuito de quebrarem o azeotropo. Na última década, os líquidos iónicos, dadas as suas propriedades únicas, têm sido alvo de muita investigação. Entre as mais diversas características, a possibilidade de refinar as suas propriedades para uma tarefa específica, permitiu identificar a necessidade de estudar e perceber qual a relação estrutura-propriedade dos líquidos iónicos, o que levou ao recurso de modelos predictivos. Neste trabalho, o parâmetro de solubilidade de Hildebrand baseado na Teoria das Soluções Regulares, foi utilizado para estimar o parâmetro de solubilidade usando dados experimentais disponíveis para coeficientes de actividade a diluição infinita e também para viscosidade, com o objectivo de obter de uma escala de parâmetros de solubilidade para líquidos iónicos. Dos resultados obtidos, para os coeficientes de actividade a diluição infinita, foi possível observar que os líquidos iónicos possuem um carácter anfifílico (efeito camaleónico), e utilizando a viscosidade na estimação dos parâmetros de solubilidade verificou-se que, no entanto, os líquidos iónicos comportam-se predominantemente como moléculas polares. Neste trabalho, também foram medidas solubilidades para o líquido iónico hexafluorofosfato de 1-butil-3-metil-imidazólio em misturas de água e 1- propanol e ainda 1-propanol e tolueno. Este procedimento permitiu a confirmação do comportamento (efeito camaleónico) descrito anteriormente pela utilização de coeficientes de actividade a diluição infinita. Na estimação dos parâmetros de solubilidade, algumas não conformidades foram observadas. A sua causa poderá estar no facto de que o parâmetro de solubilidade de Hildebrand não detalha a polaridade da molecula ou interacções específicas que, os líquidos iónicos sendo moléculas complexas, poderá ser insuficiente para descrever o seu comportamento. Desta forma, extensões ao parâmetro de solubilidade de Hildebrand são sugeridas neste trabalho. ABSTRACT: Bioethanol and biobutanol are biofuels that nowadays are gaining significance due to their physical and chemical properties that enables the replacement of fossil fuels. Nevertheless, their production brings an inherent problem which is the formation of an azeotrope when the alcohol is in the presence of water. Extractive distillation is the process most widely used, where Ionic liquids may act as separation agent, in order to break or shift the azeotrope. For the past decade, ionic liquids, due to their unique properties, have received an increasing attention by the academic community and industry. Within their characteristics, the possibility of tune their properties allowed identifying the need to understand the relation structure-property which leaded the use of predictive models. In this work, Hildebrand solubility parameter based on Regular Solution Theory, was used to estimate solubility parameters using experimental data available for activity coefficients at infinite dilution and viscosity, aiming the establishment of a solubility parameters scale for ionic liquids. The use of activity coefficients at infinite dilution allowed observing that ionic liquids have amphiphilic (chameleonic) behaviour, and with viscosity it was observed that they act predominantly as polar molecules. In this work, it was also measured solubilities for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate in mixtures of water and 1-propanol and in mixture of 1- propanol and toluene. This procedure allowed to confirm the behaviour (chameleonic effect) described by solubility parameters estimated by activity coefficients at infinite dilution. In the estimation of solubility parameters, some non-conformities were observed and which can be explained by the fact that the Hildebrand solubility parameter does not detail molecule polarity or specific interactions, and the structure of ionic liquids is clearly more complex than it is taken account. In this matter, other extensions for Hildebrand solubility parameter are suggested.
Rebiai, R. "The solubility of water in cryogenic liquids and the related effects." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356094.
Повний текст джерелаTick, Geoffrey Ray. "Dissolution and enhanced solubilization of immiscible phase organic liquids in porous media : Theoretical, laboratory, and field investigations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2003_398_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTomlinson, Sean R. "The solubility and secondary structure of zein in imidazolium-based ionic liquids." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15511.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Chemical Engineering
Jennifer L. Anthony
Ionic liquids are low melting salts composed of an organic cation and an inorganic or organic anion. Ionic liquids are of interest for their wide range of applications and unique properties, such as the negligible vapor pressure of some types of ionic liquids, and the ability to modify ionic liquid properties by selection of the cation or anion. It has been hypothesized that over one million binary ionic liquids (meaning a single cation/anion pair) are possible. Due to the vast number of potential combinations, it should be possible to design ionic liquids specifically for an application of interest. One potential application is their use as protein solvents. However there is little understanding of how ionic liquids affect proteins. This research examined the solubility and secondary structure of the hydrophobic corn protein zein in seven ionic liquids and three conventional solvents as a function of temperature and solvent properties. Zein’s solubility in the solvents was measured gravimetrically from 30 to 60 degrees Celsius. Solubility was then related to solvent properties to gain an understanding of what solvent properties are important, and how to design an ionic liquid to dissolve zein. It was found that a good solvent for zein has a small molecular volume, a low polarity, and is a weak hydrogen bond acceptor. Infrared spectroscopy with curve fitting was used to examine the secondary structure of zein as a function of both solvent and temperature from 25 to 95 degrees Celsius. It was found that most of the ionic liquids change zein’s secondary structure, but those secondary structure changes were not affected by temperature. Aprotic ionic liquids increase the amount of β-turn secondary structure through non-polar interactions between the mixed aromatic-alkyl imidazolium cations and the non-polar portions of the zein. Strong hydrogen bond accepting molecules were found to increase the amount of β-turn secondary structure. It is hypothesized from this research that suitable solvents for zein will have a small molar volume, low polarity, and be poor hydrogen bond acceptors. This combination of properties will enhance zein’s solubility and limit secondary structure changes that can harm protein properties.
Camper, Dean Earl III. "Gas solubility and diffusion in room temperature ionic liquids with an emphasis on gas separations." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207863.
Повний текст джерелаSharma, Amit. "Catalytic Reaction Engineering using Ionic liquids : Hydroformylation of 1-Octene." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT015G/document.
Повний текст джерелаA chemical reaction engineering approach is applied to the hydroformylation of 1-octene using lipophobic complexes of rhodium prepared from Rh(CO)2(acac) in ionic liquid phase ([Bmim] [PF6]) or in the ionic liquid phase supported on silica. As the reaction is controlled by the concentration of the reagents in the catalytic ionic liquid phase, the concentrations of both gases (H2 and CO) and also of 1-octene are measured at various temperatures and pressures as an initial step. Different methods are used for the measurement of the olefin solubility inside the ionic liquid: thermogravimetry and multiple headspace chromatography, in the presence of solvent (decane) and reaction product (nonanal). The gas-liquid mass transfer, which can be a rate controlling step in these viscous media, is also measured by a dynamic technique of pressure variation, both in case of pure ionic liquid and biphasic mixture of ionic liquid and organic phase, in an autoclave reactor with self induced stirrer. A general correlation is proposed showing the strong influence of the agitation speed. A kinetic study is realized in no gas–liquid nor organic–ionic liquid mass transfer limiting conditions (chemical regime) with TPPTS as ligand. The usual hydroformylation behaviour is observed, as already found in organic phase or in aqueous phase: order close to 1 for H2, inhibition by CO at large concentration, and high activation energy. If the turnover frequency is suitable (70 h-1), the n/iso ratio is very low which is not favourable to this catalytic system. Some experimental results also allow a first analysis of biphasic catalysis with sulfoxantphos ligand and of ionic liquid phase supported catalysis with TPPTS ligand
Dickmann, James Scott. "Volumetric Properties and Viscosity of Fluid Mixtures at High Pressures: Lubricants and Ionic Liquids." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90219.
Повний текст джерелаDoctor of Philosophy
The present thesis aims to understand both the density and viscosity of various fluid mixtures at high pressures and temperatures through both experiments and modeling. By studying these properties simultaneously, a more holistic view of a fluid can be developed to predict its usefulness for a specific application. This is especially important in the case of fluid mixtures, where, in addition to temperature and pressure, composition needs to be taken into account. To accomplish the experimental portion of this work, a new high pressure rotational viscometer was developed to measure viscosity as a function of temperature and pressure in conjunction with a preexisting technique for measuring density. This experimental data was used to create models, allowing for a better understanding of the effect of temperature, pressure, and composition on both density and viscosity along with certain thermodynamic properties. In the first part of the study, oils and additives used to make lubricants with automotive applications, such as engine oils and automatic transmission fluids, were studied. By studying the properties of these mixtures under pressure, a better understanding of how properties key to lubricant effectiveness are related to temperature, pressure, and composition can be developed. In the second part of the study, ionic liquids, salts with melting points below 100oC, and their mixtures with ethanol were studied. Ionic liquids have unique properties and have been studied for use in batteries, polymer processing, biomass processing, and gas capture. Due to the wide range of potential ionic liquids with various properties that can be made, these salts have been described as tailorable solvents. By adding an additional solvent, the resulting mixture can be tuned through temperature, pressure, and composition. Using the set of tools employed in the present work, important properties for process design were calculated. In particular, the Hildebrand solubility parameter was estimated as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition. The solubility parameter is a useful tool in predicting whether or not a material will dissolve in the solvent of choice.
Gooding, Anna Claire. "Material solubility in, and rapid synthesis of, ionic liquids as a step towards efficient value recovery from waste." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9092.
Повний текст джерелаBansode, Ratnadeep V. "Functional ionic liquids in crystal engineering and drug delivery." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14563.
Повний текст джерелаSocial Justice Department, Government of Maharashtra, India.
Bansode, Ratnadeep Vitthal. "Functional ionic liquids in crystal engineering and drug delivery." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14563.
Повний текст джерелаNeves, Catarina Maia Seco Seiça. "Treatment of aqueous effluents contaminated with ionic liquids." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14147.
Повний текст джерелаIonic liquids are a class of solvents that, due to their unique properties, have been proposed in the past few years as alternatives to some hazardous volatile organic compounds. They are already used by industry, where it was possible to improve different processes by the incorporation of this kind of non-volatile and often liquid solvents. However, even if ionic liquids cannot contribute to air pollution, due to their negligible vapour pressures, they can be dispersed thorough aquatic streams thus contaminating the environment. Therefore, the main goals of this work are to study the mutual solubilities between water and different ionic liquids in order to infer on their environmental impact, and to propose effective methods to remove and, whenever possible, recover ionic liquids from aqueous media. The liquid-liquid phase behaviour of different ionic liquids and water was evaluated in the temperature range between (288.15 and 318.15) K. For higher melting temperature ionic liquids a narrower temperature range was studied. The gathered data allowed a deep understanding on the structural effects of the ionic liquid, namely the cation core, isomerism, symmetry, cation alkyl chain length and the anion nature through their mutual solubilities (saturation values) with water. The experimental data were also supported by the COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS), and for some more specific systems, molecular dynamics simulations were also employed for a better comprehension of these systems at a molecular level. On the other hand, in order to remove and recover ionic liquids from aqueous solutions, two different methods were studied: one based on aqueous biphasic systems, that allowed an almost complete recovery of hydrophilic ionic liquids (those completely miscible with water at temperatures close to room temperature) by the addition of strong salting-out agents (Al2(SO4)3 or AlK(SO4)2); and the other based on the adsorption of several ionic liquids onto commercial activated carbon. The first approach, in addition to allowing the removal of ionic liquids from aqueous solutions, also makes possible to recover the ionic liquid and to recycle the remaining solution. In the adsorption process, only the removal of the ionic liquid from aqueous solutions was attempted. Nevertheless, a broad understanding of the structural effects of the ionic liquid on the adsorption process was attained, and a final improvement on the adsorption of hydrophilic ionic liquids by the addition of an inorganic salt (Na2SO4) was also achieved. Yet, the development of a recovery process that allows the reuse of the ionic liquid is still required for the development of sustainable processes.
Devido às suas propriedades ímpares, nos últimos anos, os líquidos iónicos têm sido propostos como solventes alternativos aos solventes orgânicos voláteis e nefastos para o meio ambiente. Uma vez que os líquidos iónicos não são voláteis, e na maioria das vezes são líquidos a temperaturas próximas da temperatura ambiente, os processos industriais em que estes foram incluídos apresentaram melhorias significativas. Apesar desta classe de solventes não contribuir para a poluição atmosférica, uma vez que apresentam pressões de vapor negligenciáveis, os líquidos iónicos podem, no entanto, contaminar o meio ambiente através de descargas sobre os efluentes aquosos. Neste sentido, os principais objetivos deste trabalho consistem no estudo das solubilidades mútuas entre diversos líquidos iónicos e água, de forma a depreender sob o seu impacto ambiental, e na proposta de métodos eficientes para remover, e sempre que possível, recuperar os líquidos iónicos de meios aquosos. O equilíbrio líquido-líquido dos sistemas constituídos por líquidos iónicos e água foi determinado no intervalo de temperaturas entre (288.15 e 318.15) K. No entanto, para os líquidos iónicos com temperaturas de fusão superiores à temperatura ambiente, este intervalo foi mais estreito. Através dos resultados obtidos das solubilidades mútuas (valores de saturação), foi possível alcançar uma melhor perceção dos efeitos estruturais dos líquidos iónicos sob o equilíbrio de fases, nomeadamente a família, isomerismo, simetria e comprimento da cadeia alquílica do catião, e a natureza do anião. Os dados experimentais foram também suportados pelo modelo COSMO-RS (COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents), e em alguns sistemas também foi aplicada simulação molecular dinâmica de forma a obter informação sobre os mesmos ao nível molecular. Por outro lado, foram estudados dois métodos diferentes de forma a remover e recuperar os líquidos iónicos de soluções aquosas: um com base em sistemas aquosos bifásicos, onde foi possível a recuperação quase completa de líquidos iónicos hidrofílicos (que são aqueles que a temperaturas próximas da ambiente são completamente miscíveis com água), pela adição de agentes de salting-out fortes (Al2(SO4)3 ou AlK(SO4)2); e outro focado na adsorção de líquidos iónicos a carvão ativado. O primeiro método, além de permitir a remoção dos líquidos iónicos de soluções aquosas, permite também a recuperação do mesmo e a reutilização dos restantes componentes do sistema. No entanto, no estudo da adsorção, apenas foi alcançada a etapa de remoção do líquido iónico. Contudo, foi possível compreender os efeitos estruturais do líquido iónico aquando do processo de adsorção, e também conseguir uma melhoria na adsorção de líquidos iónicos hidrofílicos pela adição de um sal inorgânico. Ainda assim, é necessário estudar com mais enfoque o processo de recuperação que permita, por sua vez, a reutilização do líquido iónico visando o desenvolvimento de processos sustentáveis.
Dinis, Teresa Beatriz Vide. "Concentration of human pollution tracers with ionic liquids." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16145.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of the present thesis consists on the development of an analytical preconcentration technology for the concomitant extraction and concentration of human pollution tracers from wastewater streams. Due to the outstanding tunable properties of ionic liquids (ILs), aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of ILs can provide higher and more selective extraction efficiencies for a wide range of compounds, being thus a promising alternative to the volatile and hazardous organic solvents (VOCs) typically used. For that purpose, IL-based ABS were employed and adequately characterized as an one-step extraction and concentration technique. The applicability of IL-based ABS was verified by their potential to completely extract and concentrate two representative pharmaceutical pollution tracers, namely caffeine (CAF) and carbamazepine (CBZ), from wastewaters. The low concentration of these persistent pollutants (usually found in μg·dm-3 and ng·dm-3 levels, respectively) by conventional analytical equipment does not permit a proper detection and quantification without a previous concentration step. Preconcentration methods commonly applied are costly, timeconsuming, with irregular recoveries and make use of VOCs. In this work, the ABS composed of the IL tetrabutylammonium chloride ([N4444]Cl) and the salt potassium citrate (K3[C6H5O7]) was investigated while demonstrating to be able to completely extract and concentrate CAF and CBZ, in a single-step, overcoming thus the detection limit of the applied analytical equipment. Finally, the hydrotropic effect responsible for the ability of IL-based ABS to extract and concentrate a wide variety of compounds was also investigated. It was shown that the IL rules the hydrotropic mechanism in the solubility of CAF in aqueous solutions, with an increase in solubility up to 4-fold. Moreover, the proper selection of the IL enables the design of the system that leads to a more enhanced solubility of a given solute in the IL-rich phase, while allowing a better extraction and concentration. IL-based ABS are a promising and more versatile technique, and are straightforwardly envisaged as selective extraction and concentration routes of target micropollutants from wastewater matrices.
A presente tese tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia de pré-concentração para uma avaliação correta da presença de marcadores de poluição antropogénica em águas residuais. Devido à capacidade excecional que os líquidos iónicos (LIs) apresentam no que respeita ao ajuste das suas propriedades físicas e químicas, os sistemas aquosos bifásicos (SAB) constituídos por LIs providenciam eficiências de extração mais elevadas e específicas para os mais variados compostos, e substituindo o uso de solventes orgânicos voláteis (SOV). Deste modo, SAB constituídos por LIs foram estudados e caracterizados neste trabalho como uma técnica de extração e concentração simultâneas. Numa primeira etapa, os SAB constituídos por LIs foram estudados como potenciais plataformas para extrair e concentrar dois fármacos geralmente usados como marcadores de poluição humana, nomeadamente cafeína (CAF) e carbamazepina (CBZ). A presença destes dois poluentes persistentes em concentrações reduzidas (na ordem dos μg·dm-3 e ng·dm-3, respetivamente) nas águas residuais não permite uma correta deteção e quantificação pelos equipamentos normalmente utilizados para o efeito, sem que haja uma etapa prévia de concentração. Contudo, os métodos de pré-concentração normalmente aplicados apresentam várias desvantagens, tais como um custo elevado, um tempo laboral moroso, taxas de recuperação irregulares e o uso de SOV. Assim sendo, estudou-se um SAB constituído pelo LI cloreto de tetrabutilamónio ([N4444]Cl) e pelo sal biodegradável citrato de potássio (K3[C6H5O7]) para extrair e concentrar CAF e CBZ num único passo, superando assim os baixos limites de deteção do equipamento analítico utilizado para a quantificação de marcadores de poluição humana. Por último, foi estudado o efeito hidrotrópico providenciado pelos LIs que se refletem na capacidade destes sistemas para extrair e concentrar os mais variados compostos. Verificou-se que o LI é responsável pelo efeito hidrotrópico, permitindo um aumento da solubilidade da CAF em soluções aquosas, e até de 4 vezes. Além disso, uma escolha adequada do LI permite definir um sistema específico para melhorar a solubilidade de um composto na fase rica em LI, garantindo portanto o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma para extração e concentração com elevada eficiência. Os SAB constituídos por LIs foram aqui demonstrados como uma técnica alternativa mais versátil e promissora para a extração e concentração simultâneas, permitindo uma monitorização adequada de compostos vestigiais em matrizes das águas residuais.
Lazzaroni, Michael John. "Optimizing solvent selection for separation and reaction." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07092004-124758/unrestricted/lazzaroni%5Fmichael%5Fj%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCharles L. Liotta, Committee Co-Chair ; Charles A. Eckert, Committee Chair ; Amyn S. Teja, Committee Member ; J. Carson Meredith, Committee Member ; Rigoberto Hernandez, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Balk, Anja [Verfasser], and Lorenz [Gutachter] Meinel. "Ionic liquids of active pharmaceutical ingredients: A novel platform addressing solubility challenges of poorly water soluble drugs / Anja Balk ; Gutachter: Lorenz Meinel." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119077036/34.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Chengda. "SYNTHESES OF PEG/ALKYL-BASED IMIDAZOLIUM/PYRIDINIUM IONIC LIQUIDS AND APPLICATIONS ON H2S ABSORPTION& SYNTHESES OF POLYSULFONE BASED FUNCTIONALIZED IMIDAZOLIUM IONIC POLYMERS AND APPLICATIONS ON GAS SEPARATION." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1797.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Yushu. "Application de l'équation PC-SAFT à la capture du dioxyde de carbone et à la désulfuration des essences." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0092/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe replacement of conventional organic solvents by a new generation of solvents less toxic, less flammable and less polluting is a major challenge for the chemical industry. Ionic liquids have been widely promoted as interesting substitutes for traditional solvents. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the behavior of ionic liquids in the presence of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) or organic compounds. Firstly, a theoretical study presents the performance of the thermodynamic model PC-SAFT in the representation of vapor-liquid equilibrium of systems containing ionic liquids and carbon dioxide. Then, the solubility study of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in various ionic liquids was performed at high or low pressure. The group contribution concept is proposed in this study in order to predict the Henry's law constant of carbon dioxide in ionic liquids. Finally, a study on the vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary systems encountered in gasoline desulfurization was carried out. Experimental data were used to evaluate the performance of PC-SAFT equation of state to represent phase equilibrium of systems {sulfur / aromatic compounds + ionic liquid}
Resende, de Azevedo Jacqueline. "Etude de la cristallisation d’une nouvelle molécule à efficacité cardiotonique dans un mélange liquide ionique - eau." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe anti-solvent crystallization allows obtaining micro/nanoparticles, but it presents some disadvantages. In the case of new pharmaceutical molecules, as the LASSBio-294, the solubility in water or organic solvents is very low limiting the application of this operation. The use of Ionic Liquids (ILs) as alternative solvents opens new perspectives in pharmaceutical processing through anti-solvent crystallization process. Unlike conventional solvents, ILs are entirely composed of ions. ILs are organic salts, usually liquid at room temperature, and which are composed of a relatively large asymmetric organic cation and of an inorganic or organic anion. ILs derived from imidazolium cation are used as alternative solvents for this drug, water being used as anti-solvent. First, the solubility is measured in 5 ILs, in water and in water/IL mixtures. In pure water, the solubility is very low (5 ppm). However, for some ILs, it is greater than 200 mg/g solution. The results of solubility in water/IL mixtures permit to choose a water/IL ratio leading to a good solid theoretical yield. Then recrystallization is performed with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl phosphonate [emim][CH3O(H)PO2] as the preferred solvent. Antisolvent crystallization represents a class of process characterized by the mixing between a solution and an antisolvent to produce solid particles. The influence of solvent/anti-solvent ratio, initial concentration, and additives is studied. The solids formed and dried in an oven are characterized by laser granulometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and dissolution test. Despite the decrease of elementary particles size, the agglomeration state of particles does not permit to improve the dissolution rate. The agglomeration is reduced and the dissolution improved by modifying the drying process (spray drying). Moreover, the presence of an enteric polymer during the spray drying process has a significant impact on the structure of the formed agglomerates. These are disaggregated, dispersed and dissolved very quickly
Manfoumbi, Christian. "Précipitation des gels de silice en solution aqueuse sursaturée à forte acidité : mécanismes et mésostructures, application à la filtrabilité des pulpes dans les procédés hydrométallurgiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30251/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe formation of silica gels in hydrometallurgical processes is very often problematic for the performance of the solid-liquid separation steps, due to clogging of the filters. These steps are carried out downstream of leaching aiming to solubilize the elements of interests, in particular in solutions with strong acidity. Also dissolved during acidic leaching, the silicon then precipitates in the form of silicon oxide and forms gels extremely detrimental to filtration. In collaboration with ERAMET Research, a research center of ERAMET, a french mining group that designs hydrometallurgical processes, we studied the influence of the leaching conditions of a specific ore on the dissolution kinetics of silicon as well as on the mechanisms of precipitation of silica in an acidic solution. We have shown that below a pH value of 2, silica polymerizes to form gels following mechanisms independent of the ionic composition of the solution. Based, on the structural study of the gels, carried out by small angle radiation scattering (SAXS) we proposed a model for the mesotructure, which explain the impact on filtration rates. Subsequently, strategies to modify the mesostructure of the gels by physical or physicochemical approaches were considered. The results have shown the potentialities of these strategies in the short term to improve the filterability of precipitated silica gels in a hydrométallurgical process
Retief, Frederik Jacobus Gideon. "A novel approach to solvent screening for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture with chemical absorption." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19964.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is classified as the main greenhouse gas (GHG) contributing to global warming. Estimates by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggest that CO2 emissions must be reduced by between 50 to 85% by 2050 to avoid irreversible impacts. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) strategies can be applied to de-carbonize the emissions from fossil-fueled power plants. Compared to other CCS techniques, post-combustion capture (PCC) is most likely to be implemented effectively as a retrofit option to existing power plants. At present however CCS is not yet commercially viable. The main challenge with CCS is to reduce the inherent energy penalty of the CO2 separation stage on the host plant. Seventy-five to eighty percent of the total cost of CCS is associated with the separation stage. There are several technologies available for separating CO2 from power plant flue gas streams. Reactive absorption with aqueous amine solutions has the ability to treat low concentration, low pressure and large flux flue gas streams in industrial-scale applications. It is most likely to be the first technology employed commercially in the implementation of CCS. The energy required for solvent regeneration however, is high for the standard solvent used in reactive absorption processes, i.e. MEA. This leads to a reduction in thermal efficiency of the host plant of up to 15%. Alternative solvent formulations are being evaluated in an attempt to reduce the energy intensity of the regeneration process. The main objective of this study was to establish a novel, simplified thermodynamic method for solvent screening. Partial solubility parameters (PSPs) were identified as the potential basis for such a method. The major limitation of this approach is that the model doesn’t account for effects from chemical reaction(s) between materials, e.g. CO2 reacting with aqueous alkanolamine solutions; considering only the effects from dissolution. The EquiSolv software system was developed based on PSP theory. The Hansen 3-set PSP approach was used to describe the equilibrium behaviour of CO2 absorbing in task specific solvents. The Hansen theory was expanded to a 4-set approach to account for contributions from electrostatic interactions between materials. The EquiSolv program was used successfully to screen large sets of solvent data (up to 400 million formulations) in the search for suitable alternative solvent formulations for CO2 absorption. The secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the proposed PSP model to accurately predict suitable alternative solvents for CO2 absorption through preliminary experimental work. A series of CO2 absorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the absorption performance of predicted alternative solvent formulations. The predicted alternative solvent formulations exhibited a significant improvement in absorption performance (up to a 97% increase in the measured absorption capacity) compared to conventional solvent formulations. Statistical analysis of the experimental results has shown that there is a statistically significant concordant relationship between the predicted and measured rankings for the absorption performance of the predicted solvent formulations. Based on this it was concluded that PSP theory can be used to accurately predict the equilibrium behaviour of CO2 absorbing in task specific solvents. Recently ionic liquids (ILs) have been identified as potential alternatives to alkanolamine solutions conventionally used for CO2 absorption. Absorption experiments were conducted as a preliminary assessment of the absorption performance of ILs. Results have shown ILs to have significantly improved performance compared to conventional alkanolamine solvents; up to a 96% increase in the measured absorption capacity compared to conventional solvents. Future work should focus on developing task specific ionic liquids (TSILs) in an attempt to reduce the energy intensity of solvent regeneration in CO2 absorption processes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Koolsuurgas (CO2) word geklassifiseer as die vernaamste kweekhuis gas (GHG) wat bydra to globale verwarming. Beramings deur die Interregeringspaneel oor Klimaatsverandering (IPKV) toon aan dat CO2 emissies teen 2050 verminder moet word met tussen 50 en 85% om onomkeerbare invloede te vermy. Verskeie koolstof opvangs en bergings (KOB) strategieë kan toegepas word ten einde die koolstof dioksied konsentrasie in die emissies van kragstasies wat fossielbrandstowwe gebruik, te verminder. Naverbranding opvangs (NVO) is die mees aangewese KOB tegniek wat effektief toegepas kan word op bestaande kragstasies. Tans is KOB egter nog nie kommersieël lewensvatbaarvatbaar nie. Die hoof uitdaging wat KOB in die gesig staar is om die energie boete inherent aan die CO2 skeidingstap te verminder. Tussen vyf-en-sewentig en tagtig persent van die totale koste van KOB is gekoppel aan die skeidingstap. Daar is verskeie metodes beskikbaar vir die skeiding van CO2 uit die uitlaatgasse van kragstasies. Reaktiewe absorpsie met waterige oplossings van amiene kan gebruik word om lae konsentrasie, lae druk en hoë vloei uitlaatgasstrome in industriële toepassings te behandel. Dit is hoogs waarskynlik die eerste tegnologie wat kommersieël aangewend sal word in die toepassing van KOB. Die oplosmiddel wat normalweg vir reaktiewe absorpsie gebruik word (d.w.s. MEA) benodig egter ‘n groot hoeveelheid energie vir regenerasie. Dit lei tot ‘n afname in die termiese doeltreffendheid van die voeder aanleg van tot 15%. Alternatiewe oplosmiddelstelsels word tans ondersoek in ‘n poging om the energie intensiteit van die regenerasieproses te verminder. Die hoof doelwit van hierdie studie was om ‘n nuwe, ongekompliseerde termodinamiese metode te vestig vir die keuring van alternatiewe oplosmiddels. Parsiële oplosbaarheidsparameters (POPs) is geïdentifiseer as ‘n moontlike grondslag vir so ‘n metode. Die model beskryf egter slegs die ontbindings gedrag van materiale. Die effekte van chemise reaksie(s) tussen materiale, bv. die tussen CO2 en waterige oplossings van alkanolamiene, word nie in ag geneem nie. Die POP teorie het gedien as grondslag vir die ontwerp van die EquiSolv sagteware stelsel. Die Hansen stel van drie POPs is gebruik om die ewewigsgedrag te beskryf van CO2 wat absorbeer in doelgerig-ontwerpte oplosmiddels. Die Hansen teorie is verder uitgebrei na ‘n stel van vier POPs om die bydrae van elektrostatiese wisselwerking tussen materiale in ag te neem. Die EquiSolv program is verskeie kere met groot sukses gebruik vir die sifting van groot stelle data (soveel as 400 miljoen formulasies) in die soektog na alternatiewe oplosmiddels vir CO2 absorpsie. Die sekondêre doelwit van die studie was om die vermoë van die voorgestelde POP model om geskikte alternatiewe oplosmiddels vir CO2 absorpsie akkuraat te voorspel, te ondersoek deur voorlopige eksperimentele werk. ‘n Reeks CO2 absorpsie eksperimente is gedoen ten einde die absorpsie werkverrigting van die voorspelde alternatiewe oplosmidels te ondersoek. ‘n Verbetering in absorpsie werkverrigting van tot 97% is gevind vir die voorspelde oplosmiddels vergeleke met die van oplosmiddels wat tipies in die industrie gebruik word. Statistiese ontleding van die eksperimentele resultate het getoon dat daar ‘n beduidende ooreenstemming tussen die voorspelde en gemete rangskikking van die voorspelde oplosmiddels se werkverrigting bestaan. Dus kan POP teorie gebruik word om die absorpsie van CO2 in doelgerig-ontwerpte oplosmiddels akkuraat te beskryf. Ioniese vloeistowwe (IVs) is onlangs geïdentifiseer as moontlike alternatiewe oplosmidels vir die alkanolamien oplossings wat normaalweg gebruik word vir CO2 absorpsie. Absorpsie eksperimente is gedoen ten einde ‘n voorlopige raming van die absorpsie werkverrigting van IVs te bekom. Daar is bevind dat IVs ‘n beduidende verbetering in werkverrigting toon in vergelyking met die alkanolamien oplosmiddels wat normaalweg gebruik word. ‘n Verbetering in absorpsie werkverrigting van tot 96% is gevind vir die voorspelde IV-bevattende oplosmiddels vergeleke met die van oplosmiddels wat tipies in die industrie gebruik word. Die fokus van toekomstige navorsing moet val op die ontwikkeling van doelgemaakte ioniese vloeistowwe (DGIVs) in ‘n poging om die energie intensiteit van oplosmiddel regenerasie in CO2 absorpsie prosesse te verminder.
Whiting, Gary Stephen. "Studies on solubility and solubility-related processes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360561.
Повний текст джерелаLanglais, Carole. "Impacts géochimiques de la présence d’oxygène sur les saumures en conditions de stockage géologique de CO2 : caractérisation de solubilités." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3034/document.
Повний текст джерелаTOTAL has chosen the path of geological storage of CO2 in Béarn flue gases from driver oxycombustion which are injected into a depleted natural gas reservoir. However, the implementation of this technology requires knowledge of physical processes and physico-chemical interactions between the phases from capture to storage, especially as the injected CO2 flow is not pure. It may contain a few percent of oxygen. The impact of the injection of a gas mixture (CO2 + O2) on reservoir rock and in the presence of coverage of brine is studied. An experimental pilot was developed and instrumented to acquire thermodynamic data (solubility and density) and kinetics of degradation of solids essential for modeling and simulations of thermodynamic and reactive three-phase system (gas-brine-rock) in storage conditions (T <150°C and P <200 bar)
Lucile, Floriane. "Etude thermodynamique des équilibres liquide-vapeur des systèmes complexes CO2-eau-impuretés à haute pression. Expérimentation et modélisation." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3042/document.
Повний текст джерелаProduction of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuel participates in the global warming. This issue generates a growing interest for CO2 capture and storage from oxy fuel combustion. Before the sequestration step, the CO2 has to be purified from impurities. Separation processes require a good knowledge of thermodynamics properties of phase equilibria. In this context a new experimental device was designed and set up in the LaTEP to allow the study of the solubility of gas mixture involved in CO2 capture and storage processes (CO2, O2, NOx, SO2). The apparatus was, first, validated by studying the CO2-water system in the temperature range from 293.15 K to 393.15 K and at pressure up to 5 MPa. Then, the CO2-water-NaOH was studied because few data are available in the scientific literature. Experimental data obtained was compared with a model developed in this work. This model is based on a thermodynamic description of physical chemical phenomena occuring in a vapour liquid system. Two model of activity coefficient are compared (Pitzer and electrolyte-NRTL). The last step of this study is the parameter optimization for e-NRTL
Houssin-Agbomson, Deborah. "Solubilité des hydrocarbures dans l’oxygene liquide." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1503.
Повний текст джерелаIndustry is large consumer of air gas, mainly oxygen, nitrogen, argon for many and varied applications. Among the various processes of separation of air components, the more employed remains fractional distillation at very low temperature. The feed atmospheric air of air distillation units must be cleaned, before liquefaction, by removing all components being potentially obstructive at low temperatures (natural or produced by anthropic activities). The presence of pollutants – CO2, N2O, H2O and hydrocarbons (in particular propane, ethane, ethylene) – in the feed air can be at the origin of some drastic dysfunctions. That is why a more accurate knowledge of the solubility of hydrocarbons in liquid oxygen under process operating conditions (from 93 to 153 K) would make it possible to improve both evaluation and control of the risks specific to air distillation units and their performances. Concerning “hydrocarbon-oxygen” binary systems scientific literature presents only few data, probably because of the danger handling such flammable mixtures in laboratories. In order to be able to build the required database, in collaboration with L’Air Liquide new experimental equipment based on a “static-analytic” method allowing to work under safe conditions was designed, built and setup. The study of the solubility of propane in liquid oxygen was the really interesting first subject of investigation using new installation. Nevertheless we have begun investigations working on propane-oxygen system to validate equipment and continued with the study of the non hazardous mixture: propane-nitrogen before handling the propane-oxygen system. (P, x)-phase diagrams of these systems have been calculated thanks to thermodynamic modelling. Other works have been carried out concerning thermodynamic behaviour of several “hydrocarbon-oxygen” binary systems: ethane-oxygen, ethylene-oxygen and butane-oxygen. Results of this work can now be used by the industry in process simulator
Mitcov, Dmitri. "Rational functionalization of molecular magnetic materials : towards liquid crystalline phases, improved solubility and modulation of physical properties." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0029/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis was focused on the design and investigation of novel hybrid materials via ligand functionalization of the single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and electron transfer complexes. Chapter I contains general information about these two classes of the magnetic systems. In order to illustrate the motivation behind our work, a brief review on previously reported soft hybrid magnetic systems, is presented. Chapter II is dedicated to the functionalization of [Mn12]-based SMMs towards hybrid liquid crystalline systems via two different approaches: (a) the functionalization of peripheral ligands with strongly lipophilic groups (long alkyl chains), or (b) the grafting of mesogenic promoters through flexible aliphatic spacers. Chapters III – V are focused on cyanido-bridged molecular {Fe2Co2} squares that exhibit thermally or photo-induced electron transfer. Thus, in Chapter III, the possibility to modulate the electron transfer properties in {Fe2Co2} molecular squares via the use of different counter-anion is discussed. The functionalization with long aliphatic chains and its influence over the properties of {Fe2Co2} molecular squares in solid state and solutions are discussed in Chapter IV. Finally, the effect of the ligand functionalization with strongly electron density donating groups (methoxy) over the electron transfer properties of {Fe2Co2} molecular squares is investigated in Chapter V
Rahal, Naim. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés d'une solution liquide ternaire au voisinage de la démixtion." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209464.
Повний текст джерелаLes couplages de la diffusion avec la solubilité permettent d’observer toute une gamme de phénomènes allant de présence de turbidité ou de gouttelettes au sein de la phase aqueuse jusqu’au maintien de gradient de concentration bien au-delà du temps caractéristique de diffusion. Ces différents phénomènes ont été observés grâce à une expérience où l’on superpose deux phases de liquide, l’une de pentan-2-ol pur et l’autre d’un mélange d’eau et d’acide butyrique.
La solubilité du système est déterminée par une méthode RMN. Cette technique permet également d’obtenir les variations de l’environnement intermoléculaire avec la composition de la solution et de mettre en évidence des structures au sein du liquide.
Enfin les coefficients de self diffusion a été mesuré par méthode DOSY pour les liquides purs, les mélanges binaires et ternaires.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
He, Jizhong. "The solubility of ⁴He in liquid ³He in the Fermi liquid region /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949150070764.
Повний текст джерелаMathieu, Romain. "Solubilité du sodium dans les liquides silicatés." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446879.
Повний текст джерелаAman-Pommier, Fabrice. "Solubilité d'un principe actif hydrophobe modèle dans un système de solvant binaire d'intérêt pour la lyophilisation industrielle." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1220/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to investigate the solubility behavior of a hydrophobic model drug, diazepam, in a binary solvent of industrial interest for freeze-drying, the water + tert-butyl alcohol mixture. Firstly, a model describing the dependence of the excess volume of the solvent on both composition and temperature was validated from experimental data obtained during this work and literature data. This model was used to derive expressions for excess partial thermodynamic quantities and their variations with respect to composition and temperature were discussed in terms of molecular interactions and structural arrangements in solution. Secondly, the solubility of diazepam in neat solvents and different binary solvent mixtures was determined. The density of drug-saturated mixtures was also determined as well as the thermophysical properties of original diazepam crystals and excess solid phases from solid-liquid equilibria. The thermodynamic properties relative to the dissolution process of the drug under saturation condition were obtained from solubility temperature dependence using van’t Hoff plots. From these, the excess partial thermodynamic properties of diazepam in saturated mixtures were computed and the forces driving the drug solubility variation with respect to the solvent composition were identified. Finally, two excess Gibbs energy models, the Scatchard-Hildebrand and combined Scatchard-Hildebrand/Flory-Huggins models were tested to represent the solubility data. Their capabilities in correlating the dependence of the drug solubility on both the solvent composition and temperature were evaluated and compared
Vadas, George G. "Aqueous Solubility of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixtures Containing Dissolved Solid Components." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617610.
Повний текст джерелаMessabeb, Hamdi. "Caractérisation thermodynamique des équilibres liquide-vapeur des systèmes CO2 – eaux salées dans des conditions de hautes températures et hautes pressions." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was supported by Total and ‘’Agence National de la recherche’’ as a part of SIGARRR project (Simulation of the impact of annex gases co-injected with CO2 during its geological storage on the Reservoir-Rocks Reactivity. The aim of the thesis was to obtain experimental CO2 solubility data in salty aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and calcium chloride at different molalities (1, 3 and 6 mol/kg) under high temperature (323K < T < 423K) and high pressure (5 MPa < P < 20 MPa).Following a bibliographical study on experimental methods used for the carbon dioxide solubility determination, three characterization methods were tested: Aqueous phase analysis by ion chromatography Solubility estimation from mass balance, amounts of CO2 and liquid initially loaded into the cell and experimental parameters (density of liquid phase, molar volume of gas phase, and total volume of the equilibrium cell…). A liquid sample trapping in sodium hydroxide solution followed by a titrationA sensitivity study was carried out on the Solubility estimation method from mass balance. This study identified the level of accuracy of autoclave volume measurement to obtain reliable and accurate solubility data high-pressure.A sampling protocol was developed to withdraw aqueous samples and trap them into soda solution at high pressure. Two titration procedures were set up; liquid samples of CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems were analyzed by potentiometric titration and samples of CO2-H2O-CaCl2 system were analyzed by conductimetric titration. 84 solubility data were obtained during this study, which include 45 new experimental data. Experimental measurement were compared to the results of simulation performed with PHREEQC software using a ‘’Pitzer.dat’’ database.The salting out effect observed was evaluated for each system under all temperature and pressure conditions
Joly, Florian. "Solubilité et fluoration d’oxydes d’uranium en milieu liquide ionique." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R043.
Повний текст джерелаIonic liquids (IL) are molten salts with a melting point below 100 °C. They have numerous advantages compared to usual solvents, including a very low vapor pressure and a good thermal stability. In the context of this thesis, we studied IL for the dissolution and fluorination of uranium oxides. This manuscript starts by a bibliographical study presenting the conversion of uranium in the nuclear fuel cycle, the crystal chemistry of uranium fluorides and ends with a general presentation of ionic liquids. In the second chapter, the solubility of two uranium oxides (UO2 and UO3) is studied in IL commonly used in the literature. The most interesting results are obtained at high temperature (180 °C) with [Hbet][NTf2] and [Bumim][PF6]. With the first one, we observe a good solubility of uranium, whereas [Bumim][PF6] allows the fluorination of UO2 yielding uranium tetrafluoride UF4. In the next chapter, we tried to increase uranium oxides solubility in IL using additional molecules. A significant result is the precipitation of hydrated uranium tetrafluoride (UF4.xH2O) from the addition of aqueous hydrofluoric acid. The following chapter studies the formation of UF4 from the UO2-[Bumim][PF6] mixture in ionothermal conditions (180 °C). Thanks to spectroscopic methods (NMR, XANES/EXAFS), we show that the reaction is initiated by traces of water in the system (14 ppm). Hydrolysis of the IL liberates HF and leads to the precipitation of anhydrous UF4. This documents ends with the use of a non-commercial IL [Emim][F(HF)2,3] which stabilizes hydrofluoric acid in its structure. At 100 °C, this fluorinated IL can fully digest all the uranium oxides that we selected
Chan, Yik Chung. "Solubility measurement apparatus for rapid determination of solid-liquid equilibrium behavior /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CBME%202008%20CHANY.
Повний текст джерелаIsler, Jeremy Payton. "Interactions of Lanthanides and Liquid Alkali Metals for "Liquid-Like" Lanthanide Transport in U-Zr Fuel." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492607350430645.
Повний текст джерелаClauzier, Stéphanie. "Etude de la solubilité de l’hydrogène dans des liquides confinés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10285/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe adsorption of gases in micro/mesoporous materials and solubility of gases inliquids are physical phenomena well known. On the other hand, solubility of gases in liquidsconfined inside a solid (hybrid system) has not been entensively studied, despite the importantapplications such systems can have in the areas of oil extraction, cement and triphasiccatalytic reactors. We have shown experimentally that the solubility of CO2 and H2 increaseswhen the size of the pores of the solid is in the nanometer range. One of the objectives of thisthesis was to optimize the couple a solid and a solvent into a hybrid system and the conditionsin which to increase the H2 storage capacity. In an aerogel/ethanol hydrid system at 50 barand 0 ° C, the solubility of H2 is 8.5 times greater than the solubility measured in the singleliquid, representing a mass of 6.2 g of hydrogen stored per kg of solid. The second objectivewas to understand this apparent phenomenon of oversolubility and the key parameters in thehybrid systems. By comparing different porous solids (zeolites, MOFs, MCM-41 and silica),we have shown the major role of the properties of interfaces. The phenomena of solubilsationwas modelled by GCMC and experimentally validated. It appears that the mechanism ofoversolubilisation comes from structuring the solvent molecules in interactions with the wallsof the mesopore layered
Clauzier, Stéphanie. "Etude de la solubilité de l'hydrogène dans des liquides confinés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996409.
Повний текст джерелаRiva, Mauro. "Procédés de purification du biométhane : étude thermodynamique des équilibres solide-liquide-vapeur de mélanges riches méthane." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM098.
Повний текст джерелаIn the field of non-fossil energy sources and exploitation of wasted energies, this PhD project aims to improve the availability of the alternative and renewable resource that is the upgraded biogas, also calledbiomethane. A particular type of biogas is here studied: landfill gas, produced in landfills from the anaerobic digestion of wastes. Depending on the final use, landfill gas need to be treated in order to remove impurities and increase the methane content (upgrading). Carbon dioxide (CO2 ), nitrogen (N2 ) and oxygen (O2 ) need thus to be separated from methane. Because upgrading process is fundamental for further applications of the landfill gas, suitable separationtechniques have to be studied. The objective of the thesis is the study and simulation of an optimized cryogenic technology applied to a landfill upgrading process. The base of the study is the knowledge of the thermodynamic behavior of mixtures constituted of methane and minor compositions of N2 , O2 andCO2 . At this purpose, thermodynamic model will be developed for determining the phase diagrams of methane with the other gases present in the landfill gas. Moreover, in order to validate and calibrate the thermodynamic models, phase equilibrium data involving a CO2 solid phase are needed: an extended bibliographic research on existing data is performed and original measurements are provided where data from literature are missing
Galvão, Alessandro Cazonatto. "Estudo experimental da solubilidade do metano e do dióxido de carbono em glicóis a diferentes temperaturas e pressões e modelagem da solubilidade aplicando o potencial químico." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266916.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a solubilidade do metano e do dióxido de carbono em etilenoglicol, 1,2-propilenoglicol e 1,4-butilenoglicol. Os estudos foram conduzidos a cinco diferentes temperaturas e pressões moderadas. Os resultados mostraram que para as soluções investigadas, o dióxido de carbono é mais solúvel do que o metano. O comportamento da solubilidade com a temperatura mostrou que a solubilidade do dióxido de carbono diminui com o aumento da temperatura, e a solubilidade do metano aumenta com o aumento da temperatura. Além das soluções binárias avaliadas, todas as soluções foram submetidas a uma pequena quantidade de um terceiro componente, o líquido iônico brometo de 1-butil 3- metil-imidazólio. O uso do eletrólito foi feito a fim de verificar efeitos específicos, saltingin ou salting-out. Foi observada a existência de ambos os efeitos, dependendo da temperatura, da pressão e dos componentes envolvidos. Todavia, constatou-se a predominância de efeito salting-in. Este trabalho também apresenta o desenvolvimento de um modelo capaz de correlacionar a solubilidade de gases em líquidos utilizando dois parâmetros ajustáveis para sistemas binários e três parâmetros ajustáveis para sistemas ternários. O modelo aplica o conceito de potencial químico associado a uma equação de estado expressa no volume e uma equação de coeficiente de atividade. A modelagem apresentou desvios aceitáveis em relação aos valores experimentais
Abstract: This work presents a study of the solubility of methane and carbon dioxide in ethylene glycol, 1-2 propylene glycol and 1-4 butylene glycol. The investigation was carried out for five different temperatures and moderate pressures. The results showed that the solubility of carbon dioxide is higher than methane for the studied mixtures. When it comes to temperature, the solubility of carbon dioxide decreases with the increase of it and the solubility of methane increases with the increase of it. In order to evaluate the existence of the special effects, salting-in or salting-out, a little amount of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3 methylimidazolium bromide was used as a third component. The influence of the electrolyte shown that both effects take place depending on temperature, pressure and the solute and solvent considered although, the salting-in effect tends to be dominant. This work also presents the development of a model, the model is based on the chemical potential concept associated with an equation of state expressed in volume and an equation of activity coefficient. The model has two adjustable parameters for binary systems and three adjustable parameters for ternary systems. The performance of the model showed the capability of the model to correlate the solubility of gases in liquids with acceptable deviations
Doutorado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Paillat, Olivier. "Structures et propriétés des liquides et verres silicatés feldspathiques hydratés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL027N.
Повний текст джерелаRempel, Kirsten U. "The solubility and speciation of molybdenum in aqueous liquid and vapour : an experimental study." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115874.
Повний текст джерелаAli, Eyu-Lakinah. "Equation d'état de Sanchez-Lacombe : modélisation des propriétés thermodynamiques des corps purs et des mélanges." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30004.
Повний текст джерелаA good knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of mixtures in large range temperatures and pressures is required for the design of numerous processes. Among the most encountered processes we can site : the supercritical fluid extraction, chromatography, oil field operations. . . The aim of this work is to describe phase equilibria of mixtures at high pressures using the Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state where pure parameters [epsilon]*, v* and r are estimated using the models developed for this work for heavy pure components (Rigal's group contribution method) and for light pure molecules. Once the pure parameters estimation models are recorded, we present the method used for mixture calculations. We chosed Mc Hugh and Krukonis's mixing rule. The pure parameters estimation associated to the Mc Hugh and Krukonis's mixing rule will be tested to light / light, light / heavy and heavy / heavy liquid/vapour binary systems, to a solid/vapour binary system and to a synthetic petroleum fluid. Results obtained will be compared to those obtained with the Peng-Robinson equation of state associated to classical quadratic mixing rules
Teyssier, Angélique. "Caractérisation des phases solides colmatantes observées lors du traitement acide de minerais uranifères : contribution à l’étude des équilibres liquides-solides dans le système complexe Al – Fe – K – P – S – H2O (± Ca et Mg)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10132.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the uranium extraction by acid leaching, AREVA observed the precipitation of not well crystallized solid phases, leading to the clogging of various equipment. The analyses of these precipitates highlighted the formation of a minor yellow precipitate and a major white precipitate containing calcium sulphate and aluminium hydroxisulphate. To understand the phenomena leading to the precipitation and to predict, prevent or at least limit their formation, this thesis work consisted of the solid-liquid equilibria experimental study of the Al–Fe–K–P–S–H2O (± Ca and Mg) system in an acidic environment at 25°C, with the identification of solid phases which may appear in natural ore as the major goal. The results could complete the thermodynamic database used to model global behaviour of the environment during acid mining. Based on the observed precipitates, two quaternary systems were defined, such as the H2O-Al3+, Ca2+ // O2-, SO42- system. After the development of appropriate analytical techniques, the work focused on the delimitation of the liquid-solid equilibria of the system based on the white precipitate and particularly on the analysis of the ternaries involving aluminium hydroxisulphates. As clogging occurs during acidification, the hydroxisulphate precipitation depending on the pH was studied in the presence of minority cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+), in order to characterise the solid phases which were formed, and to define their solubility constants. For the solubility constant determination, a calculation model of the ion activity coefficients in solution was used. A dynamic survey on a column containing natural ore was done and compared to static results
Sohaib, Qazi. "Capture post-combustion du dioxyde de carbone en couplant des contacteurs membranaires et liquides ioniques : étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG016.
Повний текст джерелаPost-combustion CO2 capture in a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC), using imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) as absorbents, was studied through an experimental and modeling approach. Equilibrium solubility of CO2 in RTILs was measured by isochoric pressure drop. Pore wetting was analyzed by measuring surface tension of the RTILs, contact angle and liquid entry pressure (LEP). The experimental work of CO2 capture from a gas mixture was carried out with a laboratory scale unit using a single HFMC for absorption or two coupled HFMCs one for absorption and a second for desorption working simultaneously. Furthermore, robust and rigorous dynamic modelling approaches were developed for isothermal (with RTILs) and non-isothermal (with AAILs) absorption. Both isothermal and non-isothermal models were validated with experimental data and were used to simulate a large range of operating conditions. Initial high values of CO2 absorption rate and experimental mass transfer coefficients decreased with operation time and reached a nearly constant value at pseudo-steady-state. Before reaching pseudo-steady-state, the separation efficiency of coupled process was higher when compared with the absorption with a single module
Bouchard, Marc-Olivier, and Marc-Olivier Bouchard. "Nouvelle approche pour la mesure de la solubilité de l'hydrogène dans l'aluminium liquide." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24771.
Повний текст джерелаLa présence d’hydrogène en solution dans l’aluminium liquide entraîne la formation de porosités une fois celui-ci solidifié. C’est pourquoi il est important de bien mesurer la quantité de gaz dissous dans le métal. La méthode de Sieverts, utilisée par d’autres expérimentateurs dans le passé, montre certaines faiblesses et une nouvelle méthode plus fiable et versatile est proposée afin de valider les résultats obtenus précédemment. Après plusieurs tests et améliorations au montage et à la méthodologie, des résultats prometteurs ont été obtenus. En fait, un phénomène attribuable à la dissolution de l’hydrogène dans l’aluminium a été observé. En faisant quelques hypothèses, ces résultats ont permis de valider le modèle mathématique en obtenant une valeur de la solubilité de l’hydrogène dans l’aluminium près de celle des autres expérimentateurs. Suite à ces essais, de nouvelles améliorations ont été apportées au montage et une nouvelle méthodologie de mesure est proposée pour les expérimentations futures.
The presence of hydrogen in solution in liquid aluminium leads to the formation of porosities after the solidification. For this reason, a good measurement of the quantity of gas dissolve in the molten metal should be made. The Sieverts’ method, used by the precedents experimenters, shows some weaknesses and a new method more reliable and versatile is proposed to validate the results formerly obtained. After several tests and ameliorations to the measurement system, some promising results were obtained. A phenomenon that can be attributed to the dissolution of hydrogen in liquid aluminium was observed. By making some assumptions, these results were used to validate the mathematical model by obtaining a value of the solubility of hydrogen in aluminum near the other experimenters. Following that, new ameliorations were made to the system and that a new measurement methodology is proposed for the future experimentations.
The presence of hydrogen in solution in liquid aluminium leads to the formation of porosities after the solidification. For this reason, a good measurement of the quantity of gas dissolve in the molten metal should be made. The Sieverts’ method, used by the precedents experimenters, shows some weaknesses and a new method more reliable and versatile is proposed to validate the results formerly obtained. After several tests and ameliorations to the measurement system, some promising results were obtained. A phenomenon that can be attributed to the dissolution of hydrogen in liquid aluminium was observed. By making some assumptions, these results were used to validate the mathematical model by obtaining a value of the solubility of hydrogen in aluminum near the other experimenters. Following that, new ameliorations were made to the system and that a new measurement methodology is proposed for the future experimentations.
Chennaoui-Aoudjehane, Hasnaa. "Modélisation de la solubilité des gaz rares He, Ne, Ar, Kr et Xe dans les liquides silicates à 1500°C." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066087.
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