Дисертації з теми "Solid Waste Leachate"
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Ochieng', Otieno Frederick A. "Impact of recirculation on landfill leachate quality." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235556.
Повний текст джерелаNair, Arjun. "Effect of Leachate Blending on Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24404.
Повний текст джерелаAkyol, Selin. "Assessment Of Quality And Quantity Of Leachate From The Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Of Bursa." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606535/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOrme, Dini Ramya. "Acceleration of landfill stabilisation by waste pulverisation and leachate recirculation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333976.
Повний текст джерелаSvensson, Britt-Marie. "Methodology for evaluation of hazards from solid waste and landfill-generated leachate." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-146.
Повний текст джерелаAvfall har alltid uppkommit i alla samhällen i alla tider. Det vanligaste sättet att hand om det har varit att samla avfallet i soptippar (deponier) på mark som ansetts obrukbar, t.ex. i sankmarker utanför bebyggelsen. I takt med ökad konsumtion och produktion har också mängderna avfall ökat. Anledningen till att avfall och avfallshantering kommit alltmer i fokus i miljödebatter under de senaste decennierna, är inte bara de stora mängderna avfall på de många och stora sopbergen runt om i världen. Deponierna släpper också ifrån sig miljöfarliga ämnen från de alltmer komplexa produkter som blivit lagda i deponin. Dessa kommer att fortsätta att läcka ut länge efter det att deponeringen på soptippen slutat, och skapa problem för människor och miljö i flera generationer. Som en konsekvens av internationella beslut bl.a. Agenda 21 (FNs miljökonferens i Rio) och EUs lagstiftning om avfallshantering som Sverige har tagit in i sin lagstiftning, kommer bl.a. antalet soptippar att minska. Efter den 31 december 2008 beräknas endast ett 90-tal deponier för kommunalt avfall att vara i drift i Sverige. Lagstiftningen beskriver en avfalls hierarki där deponering är den sämsta och absolut sista åtgärden som får göras bara när inget av de andra alternativen kan uppfyllas. Det ställs stora krav på de soptippar som är godkända enligt den nuvarande lagstiftningen. Olika typer av deponier ska finnas för olika slag av avfall. En deponi för farligt avfall har bättre skydd mot läckage både under och över tippen än en tipp för icke-farligt avfall. För att ha kontroll på vilket avfall som läggs på deponin och därmed kunna behandla det på korrekt sätt, måste avfallet beskrivas och klassas innan det skickas för deponering. Karakteriseringen görs bl.a. med hjälp av lakningstester. Syftet med denna avhandling har varit att utarbeta en metodik för at utvärdera miljöfarliga ämnen som kommer från avfall och lakvatten från soptippar. Den inledande forskningen utgjordes av ett projekt kallat Laqua, finansierat av EU-kommissionens program för samarbete inom Östersjöregionen, SweBaltcop. Projektets uppgift var att främja utveckling av ekologiskt och ekonomiskt hållbara reningsmetoder för lakvatten. Lakvattnet bildas främst av nederbörd som faller över deponin. Det vatten som kommer in i soptippen tar med sig många av de ämnen som finns i tippen när det rinner ut. Dessa ämnen kan komma från sådant som har deponerats eller bildas när avfallet bryts ner. Lakvattnet samlas upp och renas på något sätt innan det släpps ut till ett naturligt vattendrag. En vanlig metod att behandla lakvatten är att pumpa det till det kommunala avloppsreningsverket och rena det tillsammans med avloppsvatten. Men detta är ingen optimal lösning eftersom lakvatten innehåller andra föroreningar än avloppsvatten, t ex salter, tungmetaller och svårnedbrytbara organiska föreningar. Avloppsreningsverken är konstruerade för att rena avloppsvatten och lakvattnets föroreningar kan störa reningsprocessen. Framför allt kan de känsliga mikroorganismerna i det biologiska reningssteget påverkas negativt. Slammet som bildas vid reningsprocessen kommer att koncentrera många av de oönskade föroreningarna som härstammar från deponin. Slammet är egentligen ett utmärkt gödselmedel för jordbruket, men på grund av att slammet är förorenat av tungmetaller och svårnedbrytbara organiska ämnen kan inte slammet användas. Slammet blir då ett avfall som kommunen inte kan bli av med utan stora kostnader. Många kommuner har därför valt en separat rening av lakvattnet. Val av reningsteknik är beroende av flera faktorer, som volymerna lakvatten som uppkommer, innehållet av de olika miljöfarliga ämnena, vart det renande vattnet ska släppas ut och utrymme för att bygga en reningsanläggning. För att utvärdera olika tekniker för rening av lakvatten, byggdes en försöksanläggning på soptippen i Kristianstad. För att kunna utvärdera en reningsmetod måste bestämningar av koncentrationer av olika ämnen (analyser) göras. På grund av den ökande oron för organiska miljögifter som PCB och fenoler, skulle reningsteknikerna utvärderas med fokus sådana eller liknande ämnen. Analyser av organiska ämnen är komplicerade och tidskrävande, och det är inte möjligt att analysera alla ämnen. I många undersökningar används endast generella parametrar för att uppskatta innehållet av organiska ämnen, men dessa metoder ger ofta inte tillräcklig information om det egentliga innehållet i lakvattnet. Därför utarbetades ett utvärderings protokoll, LAQUA protokollet (artikel I) för bestämning av organiska miljögifter i olika förorenade vatten. Detta protokoll innehåller förutom analyser för organiska miljögifter som PCB och fenoler och en akut toxicitetstest, även standardiserade rutinanalyser av metaller och vattenkemiska parametrar. Eftersom separat analys av alla organiska ämnen inte nödvändig för att bedöma olika reningsmetoder för lakvatten, innehåller protokollet ett antal markörer för polära, respektive opolära organiska föreningar. Den biologiska giftighetstesten som utvecklades (artikel III) och ingår i protokollet är ett s.k. akut toxicitetstest, dvs. organismen påverkas direkt av höga halter av föroreningar. I testen används det lilla saltvattentåliga kräftdjuret Artemia salina, som säljs som föda åt akvariefiskar. En bestämd volym med ett antal Artemia larver läggs i små brunnar med olika koncentrationer av lakvatten under 24 timmar. Sedan jämförs vid vilken inblandning av lakvatten som hälften av kräftdjuren har fått rörelsestörningar. Resultaten på tester med obehandlat lakvatten, respektive behandlat med olika reningstekniker jämförs, och på det viset kan effektiviteten på reningsmetoder bedömas gentemot en vattenlevande organism. Utvärderingen av försöksanläggningen (artikel II) visade att vid förbehandlingen, bestående av luftning och sedimentering, togs mycket av föroreningarna bort, och det rekommenderas att ett sådan reningssteg alltid bör finnas vid en reningsanläggning för lakvatten. De kemiska behandlingsmetoderna med ozon och Fentons reagens (tvåvärt järn och väteperoxid) var effektiva på att ta bort de organiska miljögifterna, men även de mer kostnadseffektiva filterbäddarna visade sig fungera bra. Den goda erfarenheten från försöksanläggningen av filterbäddar ledde till att effektiviteten hos fler filter material undersöktes. I artikel VI beskrivs ett försök, gjord i laboratorium, där lakvatten från en soptipp som tar hand om industri avfall (metallavfall från bl.a. bilar och kylskåp) fick rinna genom kolonner med olika filtermaterial. Mixen av torv och aska med kolinnehåll visade sig vara bra på att ta bort både metaller och organiska ämnen från lakvattnet. Kunskapen från bl.a. dessa undersökningar har bidragit till att en fullskaleanläggning för lokal rening av lakvatten har kunnat byggas i anslutning till Stena metalls soptipp i Halmstad. Den andra delen i avhandlingsarbetet riktade in sig mot lakningstester. För att undersöka vilka ämnen som kan lakas ut från ett avfall rekommenderas två olika standardiserade lakningstests metoder. Vid den ena metoden pumpas en vätska genom en kolonn med en uppvägd mängd avfall tills ett visst vätske/fast fas förhållande (L/S halt) har uppnåtts. Vid den andra snabbare metoden, skakas en bestämd mängd avfall tillsammans med en bestämd volym vätska under 24 timmar. Den vätska som man får efter testerna kan jämföras med ett lakvatten och ska simulera den urlakning som avfallet ger ifrån sig under sin tid på deponin. Denna urlakningsvätska analyseras och de uppmätta halterna av olika ämnen jämförs med en gränsvärdes tabell och avfallet kan hänföras till en avfalls klass. De två lakningstesterna användes för att karakterisera olika avfallsslag, sönderdelat metall skrot (artikel IV) och slam från gatubrunnar (artikel V). För att få mer kunskap om metoderna och kunna vidareutveckla dem, utökades undersökningarna och analyserna. De urlakade vätskorna analyserades därför enligt Laqua protokollet, dvs med markörer för organiska miljögifter. Dessutom gjordes undersökningar där lakvatten användes som lakningsvätska istället för avjonat vatten som testmetoderna föreskriver. Dessa visade att den mer jonstarka vätskan (lakvattnet) ökade urlakningen av metaller från avfallet. En jämförelse av de två metoderna visade att den snabbare skaktesten oftast gav likvärdiga eller högre halter av de analyserade ämnena i urlakningsvätskan, och därmed kan den i många fall användas i första hand. För att bedöma ett filtermaterial ur ett livstidsperspektiv, utvecklades en strategi baserad på skaktester (artikel VII). Ett filtermaterial, en mix av torv och aska med kolinnehåll, undersökes före och efter att det använts i en filterbädd för rening av lakvatten. För att vara säker på att filtermaterialet i sig själv inte släppte ifrån sig några föroreningar gjordes en lakningstest. För att se hur effektivt materialet var på att ta bort metaller, PCB och fenolföreningar, gjordes skaktester med vätskor med kända halter av dessa föroreningar. När filtermaterialet är förbrukat och skall bytas ut anses det som ett avfall, och det karakteriserades med lakningstest för att hur det skulle tas om hand. Metodiken med skaktester ger bra information om utlakning från ett material, och skaktester är också bra instrument för att utvärdera ett filtermaterials effektivitet på att ta hand om metaller och opolära organiska ämnen som PCB. Men för att utvärdera effektiviteten av borttagandet av polära organiska ämnen (t ex. fenoler), är inte en korttids skak test något bra instrument. Reduceringen av dessa ämnen sker genom nedbrytning med hjälp av mikroorganismer, och för att undersöka detta behövs tester som varar en så lång tid att en mikrobiologisk miljö hinner etablera sig, t ex. kolonn tester. Utvärderingen av detta avhandlingsarbete visar på några ytterligare slutsatser och förslag till fortsatt arbete. Toxicitetstesten med Artemia bör kompletteras med tester på t ex. bakterier och växter, eftersom det inte räcker med en test på bara en organism för att bedöma giftigheten av en förorening ett naturligt ekosystem. Vidare behövs en biologisk test för att påvisa kroniska effekter, så som skador på fortplantning eller tumörsjukdomar. Dessa skador kan uppkomma genom att organismer påverkas under en lång tid av de låga, men därmed inte ofarliga halter av organiska miljögifter som ofta förekommer i lakvatten. Den presenterade metodiken kan användas för att utvärdera miljöfarliga ämnen från olika förorenade områden. Avhandlingen har visat att LAQUA protokollets sammansättning och dess analyser är ett bra instrument för att utvärdera reningstekniker för lakvatten och för att ge ytterligare information om organiska ämnen i fast avfall. Bedömning av luft kvalitet och karakterisering av dagvatten är andra exempel där metodiken kan användas. Avslutningsvis är det förstås lättare att utvärdera farligheten från avfall när det är mindre volymer avfall att utvärdera. Detta kan uppnås genom att konsumera mindre, återanvända produkter, återvinna material, utvinna energi ur avfallet och välja miljövänliga produkter när man köper nytt.
Bolyard, Stephanie Carbone. "Fate of Coated Zinc Oxide in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5133.
Повний текст джерелаID: 031001302; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: .; Title from PDF title page (viewed March 15, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.Env.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-97).
M.S.Env.E.
Masters
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering
Elliott, Scott. "The evaluation and improvement of mineral liners for landfill leachate containment." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313107.
Повний текст джерелаSalim, Mohd Razman. "Comparative studies of landfill leachate treatment using aerobic, anaerobic and adsorption systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/373.
Повний текст джерелаRhea, Lisa R. "Mineral Solubilization from Municipal Solid Waste Combustion Residues: Implications for Landfill Leachate Collection Systems." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000534.
Повний текст джерелаBricker, Garrett Demyan. "Analytical Methods of Testing Solid Waste and Leachate to Determine Landfill Stability and Landfill Biodegradation Enhancement." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35162.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Batarseh, Eyad. "Chemical and Biological Treatment of Mature Landfill Leachate." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2698.
Повний текст джерелаPh.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering
Kylefors, Katarina. "Predictions of leaching from municipal solid waste (MSW) and measures to improve leachate management at landfills." Doctoral thesis, Luleå : Luleå tekniska univ, 2002. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2002/42.
Повний текст джерелаDavidson, Gregg Randall 1963. "The applicability of boron isotopes in determining fate and transport of leachate from electric utility solid waste." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276980.
Повний текст джерелаCardoso, Antonio J. "Relationship of waste characteristics to the formation of mineral deposits in leachate collection systems." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001266.
Повний текст джерелаAli, Ahmed. "Groundwater pollution threats of solid waste disposal in urban Kano, Nigeria : evaluation and protection strategies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/groundwater-pollution-threats-of-solid-waste-disposal-in-urban-kano-nigeria-evaluation-and-protection-strategies(c5cb7758-d826-4b43-99b4-9fc5bce6aa70).html.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Aik Heng. "Prediction of pollutant leaching from landfill." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2182.
Повний текст джерелаMarra, Aline Batista. "Gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos no Brasil e em Portugal : análise dos planos de resíduos sólidos e da disposição ambientalmente adequada." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157728.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the main problems currently faced by the Government and the society is the appropriate destination of solid waste. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) introduced in Rio Grande do Sul and to verify possible improvements achieved after the promulgation of the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP). This paper also describes the management of solid waste in Brazil and Europe, the way of treatment and final disposal of municipal solid waste, the existing leachate treatment process, identifies leachate reuse alternatives, analyzes the leachate treatment operations used in landfills located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and in Portugal, the achievement of goal set for MSW in Solid Waste Plans and identifies and compares the legislation existing in Portugal and Brazil which regulates the installation and operation of Landfills. For the work accomplishment, data of the MSW disposal in Brazil, with special emphasis on the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and Portugal were analyzed. Through the data obtained it appears that there were improvements in the final disposal of MSW in Brazil after the approval of NSWP, for example an increase of 138% of municipalities that have implemented selective collection after NSWP. It was found that the most used form of final disposal of MSW in the country is through landfill, but there is still inadequate disposal in controlled landfills and dumps. In RS in 2015, it was observed that there was a reduction in the number of adequate final disposal sites, compared to 2014, due to wrong operation of landfills. Nevertheless, Goal 1 of the National Plan of the Solid Waste (NPSW) was achieved, since in 2015 there was no dumps operating in RS. It was observed that in RS most of the areas classified as inadequate are administered by the municipalities themselves. This, is due to lack of financial resources to manage and operate a landfill. Regarding the treatment of leachate generated in landfills of RS, it was found that these have not implemented an effective system and it is believed that only a combined treatment, with advanced treatment, will be the best way to treat this effluent due to the large variability of characteristics and complexity of the leachate. Making a comparison of the legislation on waste management in Brazil and in Portugal, it is observed that in 1996 the Sector Strategic Plan for Municipal Solid Waste (SSPMSW) was approved in Portugal, promoting a major change in the MSW management, with large investments in infrastructure to deal the goals of the SSPMSW. On the other hand, in Brazil only in 2010 this change was proposed by NSWP. It is possible to observe that goals set in the National and State Plans were not met, in the case of RS, due to lack of awareness of the government and investments in this area in order to promote an appropriate final destination for the MSW generated in the country.
Nayak, Bina S. "Microbial Population Analysis in Leachate From Simulated Solid Waste Bioreactors and Evaluation of Genetic Relationships and Prevalence of Vancomycin Resistance Among Environmental Enterococci." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3910.
Повний текст джерелаKadambala, Ravi. "Evaluation of a buried vertical well leachate recirculation system and settlement resulting from moisture addition using vertical wells for municipal solid waste landfills." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024697.
Повний текст джерелаAbdallah, Mohamed E. S. M. "A Novel Computational Approach for the Management of Bioreactor Landfills." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20314.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Rodolfo Busolin Alves dos. "Tomografia elétrica aplicada na investigação de fluxo de lixiviado em meio fraturado em um lixão no município de Lavras do Sul (RS)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153242.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A área de estudo está localizada na cidade de Lavras do Sul – RS, que é uma antiga pedreira que foi reaproveitada para a deposição dos resíduos oriundo do município. O objetivo principal é realizar o detalhamento geofísico e estrutural da contaminação do antigo lixão e correlacionar a percolação do lixiviado com as zonas fraturadas, com o uso de dois métodos de investigação (Eletrorresistividade e Polarização Induzida) e os dois arranjos (Dipolo-Dipolo e Schlumberger). Foram realizados 12 perfis de resistividade e cargabilidade na direção 45ºN, processados em 2D e 3D, e foi determinado uma possível presença de zonas de contaminação e percolação de lixiviado para fora da área do lixão. Também foi possível determinar onde estavam dispostos os resíduos sólidos e os limites do lixão, zonas fraturadas com a presença de lixiviado e zonas fraturadas com a presença de sulfetos que aprofundam até 36 m. Desde o início da operação do lixão a contaminação atingiu diversos metros de profundidade, porém com o tempo e a atenuação natural, essas zonas de fratura fecharam devido a cristalização de sulfeto. Os dois arranjos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para os valores de resistividade. Com relação aos valores de cargabilidade, o arranjo Schlumberger apresentou melhores resultados do que o Dipolo-Dipolo. A geofísica demonstrou ser uma ferramenta importante no estudo de contaminações em rochas cristalinas, principalmente pela sua capacidade de detecção de fraturas e sua profundidade atingida.
The study area is located in the city of Lavras do Sul - RS, which is an old quarry that was reused for the deposition of waste from the municipality. The main objective is to perform the geophysical and structural detailing of the contamination of the old dump and to correlate the percolation of the leachate with the fractured zones, using the two research methods (DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization) and the two arrangements (Dipole-dipole and Schlumberger). By performing 12 profiles of resistivity and chargeability in the 45ºN direction, processed in 2D and 3D, a possible presence of contamination zones and percolation of leachate outside the dump area was determined. It was also possible to determine where the solid wastes and the boundaries of the dump were located, fractured zones with the presence of leachate and fracture zones with the presence of sulfides that deepen up to 36 m. From the beginning of the operation of the dump the contamination reached several meters deep, but with time and the natural attenuation, these zones of fracture closed due to mineral neoformation of sulfide. Both arrangements presented satisfactory results for the resistivity values, in relation to the chargeability values, the Schlumberger arrangement presented better results than the Dipole-Dipole. Geophysics has been shown to be an important tool in the study of contaminations in crystalline rocks, mainly due to its ability to detect fractures and its depth.
DI, ADDARIO MARTINA. "Bioreactor landfills: experimental simulations, full scale monitoring and fuzzy modelling." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2692535.
Повний текст джерелаGrisey, Elise. "Impact de l'évolution des déchets d'une installation de stockage de déchets non dangereux sur l'environnement - Site d'étude : l'ISDND d'Etueffont (Territoire de Belfort - France)." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2029/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of a landfill on groundwater quality.Municipal solid waste from the Etueffont landfill (Belfort area, France) was mechanically andbiologically treated (shredding and aerobic composting) before being disposed of in an unlinedarea and in a lined cell. The leachate characterization performed over a 21-Year period (1989-2010) showed a rapid degradation of waste. A steady state was reached at the end of themonitoring. Waste pretreatment enhanced the rate of biodegradation and reduced the pollutionpotential of the landfill. The leachate produced was treated on site in a natural lagooning. Whilelagooning is not a widespread practice for leachate treatment, significant removal (75-90 %) oforganic matter, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus was observed. In previous studies,groundwater contamination was highlighted around the landfill. As a consequence, geophysicalinvestigations of the area by electrical resistivity tomography and physico-Chemical analyses wereconducted in order to delineate the contamination plume. The results showed leachate infiltrationinto the soil below the unlined part of the landfill and leakage through the watertightgeomembrane of the lined cell. Seepage of wastewater into the soil below the lagoons was alsoobserved. The extent of contamination plume was limited and was mostly limited to the landfillboundaries. The results of this work allowed to determine the location of the contaminated areasand helped to choose the appropriate physico-Chemical analytes of the post-Closure groundwatermonitoring program, which will be applied to the landfill until the end of 2031
Almeida, Tania Leme de. "Estudo da atenuação dos contaminantes de líquidos percolados no solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-09032016-100703/.
Повний текст джерелаThe most of brazilian municipal cities disposes solid waste in places at opened sky, without control and criterion, contributing to the pollution of the surface and groundwater. Studies concerning soil contamination and their mechanisms have been explored more and more due to the long term security requirements demanded for residue containment systems. The movement of leachate from the landfill to the soils, surface and groundwaters put on risk the public health because of the contamination. Recent studies verify the existence of processes that allow the attenuation in natural way of the present pollutants in these leachates. The appropriate understanding of these processes propitiates a series of possible benefits of they be applied in old landfill, new or in those that will be implanted. The present work evaluated the attenuation of pollutants, presents in the leachate by the soil through experiment developed in percolation columns. The leachate and soil used in this experiment have came from the sanitary landfill of São Carlos - SP. The collected soil was characterized as to composition physical-chemical to verify the transport of the leachate in the columns and the interaction soil-pollutant. The breakthrough curves traced have been observed that Pb (Lead), Cd (Cadmium), Fe (Iron), Zn (Zinc) and Mn (Manganese) came in low concentration in the effluents leachate. Already the Na (Sodium), K (Potassium), Cl (Chlorine), Ni (Nickel) and Cu (Copper) have been preferably leached with the leachate, showing occurrence of a wide range of concentrations of each species at leachate. Concentration profiles of the heavy metals indicated the existence of a contamination plume, showing relationship between concentration of the metal absorved in the soil and in the leachate. The curves of material´s retention for the soil showed that the Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn were preferably absorved by the soil in relation to the Fe, Zn and Ni. The soil in subject has presented good potential of retention for the present pollutants in the leachate in spite of being classified as sandy and they chemical characteristics don\'t frame in the appropriate parameters for use in areas of solid waste disposal. Your use in base of sanitary landfill of small load can be considered, since your characteristics have been improved through the mixture of this soil with geo synthetics, involving certain economy at construction of waterproof layers, exempting the clay use and avoid the transport of this material for distant places of the landfill.
Zanon, Thiago Villas Bôas. "Avaliação da contaminação de um solo laterítico por lixiviado de aterro sanitário através de ensaios de laboratório e de retroanálise de campo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3145/tde-21102014-113317/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research is to evaluate transport of pollutants from a sanitary landfill leachate through a Brazilian lateritic soil by two methods: laboratory tests and analysis of field contamination. In Botucatu Sanitary Landfill, leachate stored in an unlined pond infiltrated into the subsoil for 15 years. Samples of the subjacent soil, a porous clayey sand, were collected in three profiles located inside the area of the leachate pond at the following depths: surface, 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 1.00 m, 2.00 m and 4.00 m. The investigated pollutants were arsenic, cadmium, chloride, cooper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total organic carbon (TOC) and zinc. The hydraulic conductivity measured in undisturbed and uncontaminated samples of the local soil, around 10-6 m/s, is significantly influenced by the applied hydraulic gradient and the percolation duration. When leachate substituted water as percolation fluid, the hydraulic conductivity decreased to values between 10-8 and 10-6 m/s depending on the hydraulic gradient. Chemical analysis of contaminated samples showed that concentrations of the researched elements in the subsoil were lower than legal maximum contamination limits established by the environmental agency of São Paulo state, in spite of the fact that the local soil is porous and has high hydraulic conductivity. On the other hand, chloride and Kjeldahl nitrogen, pollutants for which there are no legal limits, were found in concentrations much higher than background values, and in some samples even higher than those measured in the leachate sludge deposited in the bottom of the storage pond.
Sizirici, Yildiz Banu. "Risk Based Post Closure Care Analysis for Florida Landfills." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/112.
Повний текст джерелаDillenburg, Marcelo Elias. "Variação da taxa de recirculação de lixiviado determinada pela concentração de ácidos voláteis no tratamento da fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos domésticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-19122006-144627/.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the possibility of accelerating the process of anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of domestic municipal solid waste, in two-stage systems, with increasing leachate recirculation rate, through the use of volatile acids as determining parameter of the moment in which the rate must be varied. To do so, two systems of reactors were operated, each being composed by a solids reactor, which contained the solid waste intended to be treated, and an upflow anaerobic filter, which treated the leachate of the first reactor, before recirculation. One of the systems had its recirculation rate increased at constant spells of time, while, in the other system, the moment of the increase in the recirculation rate was a function of the concentration of propionic acid in the system. This study had yet two secondary purposes: evaluating the validity of comparing the results from the two systems of reactors, operated in parallel, in view of the characteristics of solid waste and the adopted procedures for collecting and preparing the substrate, as well as for the loading of reactors; and evaluating the possibility of using anaerobic filters to recover acidified reactors. The following parameters were measured during the process: COD (filtered and non-filtered), pH, alkalinity, solids, Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, volatile acids and biogas composition. The development of microorganisms in the reactors was observed qualitatively, using optical microscopy. It was possible to reach the following conclusions: a) the tested procedures allow the comparison of results between the systems; b) the filters are capable of recovering acidified reactors; and c) the employment of the concentration of propionic acid to determine the moment of increase of leachate recirculation rate is capable of accelerating the process, though in a restricted way, for the scale of reactors used.
Cavalcante, Sulamita de Souza Silva. "Geração de lixiviados de aterros sanitários na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo: histórico e perspectivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-20102014-093650/.
Повний текст джерелаThe treatment and final disposal of urban solid wastes is one of the great environmental problems of present. In the case of sanitary landfills, the areas for settlement of such projects are increasingly scarce, especially in great urban areas, exactly where there is great waste production. It is notable the necessity of searching adequate alternatives for the final disposal of solid wastes. The correct disposal of solid wastes in sanitary landfills requires that these projects be treated in an integral approach, since the choice of the site, the project development, and the execution of the construction, to the operation management and correlated environmental monitoring actions. The intent of such actions is to minimize potential risks to the environment, being one of the most serious the soil and water contamination by the leachate generated in landfills. Landfill leachate is produced during the operation and after closure of landfills. They must be collected, treated and monitored for several decades. Currently, in most of landfills in Brazil, there is no accurate information about the volume of generated leachate and for how long it is produced. For this dissertation it has been held a survey of operating and closed landfills from 1998 to 2012 in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, as well as the leachate generated. Using these data, a historical series of this period has been traced, from which one can infer the magnitude of the problem for the next years. This study also addresses future need of the leachate treatment system.
Tosetto, Vitor. "Avaliação da co-disposição do lodo de tanques sépticos e fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos domiciliares em reatores anaeróbios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-27042010-142109/.
Повний текст джерелаDespite being an emerging country, unfortunately the sanitary situation of Brazil is quite precarious. Only 52.2% of the 5,507 brazilian municipalities have some type of sanitary service (IBGE, 2000). In this alarming scenario, individual solutions are gaining more importance. The adoption of septic tanks as an alternative to the solution of the sewage becomes viable due to its low cost and satisfactory performance. However, the inappropriate operation of these small units can become an environmental problem because of the produced sludge, sub product of anaerobic degradation. This material must be managed adequately and securely to prevent possible contamination of soil and water. The easiest and practice solution would be its disposal in sewage treatment stations, however there are only 20.2% (IBGE, 2000) of all the brazilian cities which rely on these units. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the disposal of sludge from septic tanks (LTS) in landfills, along with domestic solid waste (RSD). Using four anaerobic reactors, with 50 liters each, the effects of anaerobic degradation of organic fraction of the RSD (FORSD) in the presence of LTS were evaluated. All reactors had the same amount of FORSD, 28 kg. Each experimental unit received different amounts of LTS: Reactor 1 = 0 L; Reactor 2 = 4.9 L, Reactor 3 = 9.8 L and Reactor 4 = 14.7 L. The monitoring followed the characteristics and quantity of leachate, the composition of biogas and changes in physical-chemical mixture of FORSD and LTS at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The results highlight the efficiency of removal of the DQO of FORSD, 21%, 51%, 68% and 73% for reactors 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and the acceleration in the degradation in anaerobic reactors that received LTS, due to early production of methane, appearing in 40º day in reactors treated with LTS and the ready availability of nutrients, observed by the analysis of ammonia nitrogen.
Beaman, Melanie Simone. "Management of landfill leachates by ozone treatment and recycle." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300538.
Повний текст джерелаPicanço, Aurélio Pessôa. "Influência da recirculação de percolado em sistemas de batelada de uma fase e híbrido na digestão da fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-20052004-222239/.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis studied the influence of the leachate recirculation, adjusting to the best rates and frequencies, for degradation of the organic fraction of the urban solid wastes, in one and two-phases (hybrid) system. Bioreactors of 3.45 L were used and filled out with OFMSW pattern, leachate as seed and an anaerobic filter as methanogenic reactor. The performance of the reactors was analyzed varying recirculation rates (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 % in volume of seed). Leachate samples from these reactors were examined through microscopical examinations and physical-chemical analyses to evaluate its performance. The reactor with 20% recirculation rate, got larger efficiency in the departure, methane production and percentage of solid degradation, compared to the others reactors. In the second stage, three 50L digesters were operated and fed with standard OFMSW with the best recirculation rates of the first stage and the best rate obtained in Salgado (2003). A bioreactor simulated the acidogenic reactor of a two-phase system, in which 20% of its seed was injected in anaerobic filter (with hydraulic detention time of 24 hours). Another system, with 10% of recirculation rate of leachate was operated in a one-phase reactor. Once more bioreactor, inoculated like others, however, without any recirculation were studied to compare with one and two-phase reactor. The two-phase system confirmed that the 20% recirculation rate, compared to the others reactors, obtained better efficiency with high methane production and solid degradation. The microscopical examinations in the leachate samples from this reactor presented predominance of organisms with characteristical morphology from Methanococcus and Methanosarcina. It was concluded that the leachate recirculation has significant influence in the degradation of organic matter bioreactors. The kinetic study confirmed that the anaerobic process for OFMSW proceed the in series kinetics, with high constants values of first order
Pinheiro, Roberta Vieira Nunes. "Risco de contaminação pela presença de disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos em bacias de captação superficial de água para abastecimento público no estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7172.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Vulnerability models are important tools in the study of water contamination by different soil usage activities. The goal of this research is to evaluate the risk of contamination by the presence of an urban solid waste disposal site (UWDS) within the surface water catchment basins (SWCB) used in the State of Goiás public water supply. An identification and characterization of the SWCBs and UWDSs has been carried out in a geographical identification system using the QGis 2.12.0 – Lyon software. Afterwards the overlapping of this information allowed the identification of all SWCBs which had an UWDS within its limits. A Susceptibility Index (SI) was applied to these SWCBs. The SI was formed by intrinsic characteristics such as the depth of a non-saturated zone, net recharge, aquifer material and topography. Also contributing to the SI was an extrinsic characteristic, soil usage. The comparison and identification of the dominant classes of the SI was done through the calculation of the average vulnerability of each SWCB. The SWCBs, which had the highest risk of water contamination were selected and had the UWDSs in its areas analyzed by six technical parameters: type of UWDS, estimate of waste generation, surface area, slope, SI of the UWDS and its distance to the nearest body of water. Each parameter was classified according to its risk to water contamination and given a scale from 1 to 7. The given values were correlated evaluating the interdependence of the parameters. The use of this method led to the identification of 204 catchment points and its SWCBs and 228 UWDS, out of which 93% were irregular dumping sites. The SI for each of the 43 SWCBs identified in the State in which there was the presence of 69 UWDSs, was then calculated. The average vulnerability for each SWCB allowed the selection of the 9 most vulnerable ones. These were distributed in the high-to-moderate and moderate-to-low classes (SI > 50), which had 18 UWDSs within its limits. A Spearman analysis was done using the coefficients attributed to each parameter of the UWDSs. The analysis permitted the identification of only 2 parameter with significant correlation (surface area and estimate of waste generation). This confirmed the interdependence of the selected characteristics. It also allowed for a risk calculation through the addition of the parameters, which ranged from 15 to 27. These were distributed into three classes (low, medium and high). The high risk UWDS identified were in the cities of: Bom Jesus de Goiás, Itumbiara, Jataí e Rio Verde. The surface area, waste generation and slope were the parameter which most influenced this classification. In conclusion, the vulnerability evaluation proved effective, and of great relevance in the identification of the SWCBs most susceptible to water contamination. It can also be applied to other study areas. In Goiás, the analysis allowed the existing risk calculation for each of the 18 UWDSs out of which 4 were classified as high risk. These were considered priority adequate and remediation sites.
Modelos de vulnerabilidade são importantes ferramentas no estudo de contaminação da qualidade das águas por diferentes atividades de uso do solo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o risco de contaminação pela presença de disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos (DRS) em bacias de captação superficial de água (BCS) para abastecimento público no estado de Goiás. Foi realizada a identificação e caracterização das BCS e das DRS em um sistema de informações geográficas utilizando o software QGis 2.12.0 - Lyon. Posteriormente essas informações foram sobrepostas permitindo identificar as BCS com DRS em suas delimitações. Para esse grupo foi aplicado o Índice de Susceptibilidade (IS), composto por características intrínsecas das BCS (profundidade da zona não saturada, recarga, material do aquífero e topografia) e por uma extrínseca, o uso e ocupação do solo. A realização do comparativo e a identificação das classes predominantes do IS foi realizado pelo cálculo da vulnerabilidade média de cada BCS. Desta forma, foram selecionadas as BCS com maior risco de contaminação de suas águas e as DRS presentes em suas áreas, que foram analisadas por seis parâmetros técnicos: tipo de DRS, estimativa de geração de resíduos, área superficial, declividade, IS da DRS e distância da DRS até o corpo d’água. Cada parâmetro foi classificado, de acordo com o risco de contaminação das águas, e valorado em uma escala de um a sete. Posteriormente, os valores atribuídos foram correlacionados avaliando a interdependência dos parâmetros. A aplicação desse método permitiu a identificação de 204 pontos de captação com suas respectivas BCS e de 228 DRS, sendo 93% classificadas como lixões. Foi calculado o IS para as 43 BCS identificadas no Estado com presença de DRS (69) em suas áreas. A vulnerabilidade média calculada para cada BCS permitiu a seleção das nove BCS mais vulneráveis, estando distribuídas nas classes moderada a alta e moderada a baixa (IS>50), e possuindo 18 DRS em suas delimitações. Foi realizada uma análise de componentes principais de Spearman com os coeficientes atribuídos para cada parâmetro das DRS o que permitiu a identificação de apenas dois parâmetros com correlação significativa (área superficial e estimativa de geração de resíduos), confirmando a interdependência das características selecionadas. Desta forma foi possível o cálculo do risco, pelo somatório dos parâmetros, que variou de 15 a 27 e foi discretizado em três classes (baixo, médio e alto). As DRS de risco alto foram as dos municípios de Bom Jesus de Goiás, Itumbiara, Jataí e Rio Verde sendo que a área superficial, geração de resíduos e declividade foram os parâmetros que mais influenciaram nessa classificação. Conclui-se que a avaliação da vulnerabilidade mostrou-se eficaz e de grande relevância para a identificação das BCS mais susceptíveis à contaminação de suas águas podendo ser aplicado em outras áreas de estudo. Em Goiás, a análise permitiu o cálculo do risco existente em cada uma das 18 DRS, onde quatro DRS foram classificadas como de risco alto, sendo consideradas prioritárias para adequação ou remediação.
GIORDANO, GANDHI. "ANALYSIS AND FORMULATION OF PROCESSES FOR TREATING LEACHATES GENERATED IN URBAN SOLIDS WASTES LANDFILLS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4351@1.
Повний текст джерелаMediante avaliação experimental comparativa, foi estabelecido que os processos de tratamento eletrolítico e de precipitação química são adequados para o tratamento primário de chorume gerado em aterro de resíduo sólido urbano. Foi também comprovado experimentalmente ser o stripping uma operação indicada para a remoção da amônia presente no chorume. O trabalho teve início com a caracterização do chorume através de parâmetros sanitários convencionais e também de análise instrumental visando a determinação das substâncias orgânicas presentes. Nesta caracterização foi dada ênfase ao chorume do aterro metropolitano do Rio de Janeiro (Gramacho). A caracterização do chorume indicou altas concentrações de sais dissolvidos, amônia e matéria orgânica, características de chorume velho. Os resultados são compatíveis com os obtidos com amostras de chorume oriundas de aterros de mesmo porte de outros países. No chorume bruto a concentração de amônia ficou normalmente cerca de 500 vezes acima do limite de lançamento. A amônia apresenta alta toxidade aos peixes, o que torna a sua remoção justificada e necessária. Por outro lado, as análises instrumentais utilizando a técnica de cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massa (GC/MS), permitiram a identificação, ainda inédita, de substâncias orgânicas oriundas da biodegradação e/ou decomposição dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, bem como de produtos químicos dispostos no aterro ou contidos em embalagens. Foi também conduzido um programa experimental, em escala de bancada, para avaliar a aplicação dos processos eletrolíticos e de precipitação química ao tratamento do chorume. Foram investigados diversos parâmetros, tais como:adição de produtos químicos, consumo de energia, quantidade e características do lodo gerado e qualidade do chorume tratado em relação a diversos parâmetros sanitários. O chorume tratado também foi submetido a análise cromatográfica, de modo a determinar alterações qualitativas na sua composição química durante o tratamento. O processo eletrolítico mostrou-se bastante indicado para a remoção de compostos orgânicos do chorume, porém não adequado para a remoção de amônia. A precipitação química mostrou-se boa para a remoção de orgânicos e propiciadora da remoção de amônia, sem ser, no entanto, a melhor opção do ponto de vista de otimização de custos. A melhor solução encontrada, sob todos os aspectos, consiste na combinação desses dois processos. Foi então conduzida uma série de experimentos voltados para a remoção da amônia por stripping, após a etapa de precipitação química com hidróxido de cálcio (cal). Investigou -se a influência de parâmetros tais como pH e temperatura na eficiência de remoção de amônia, tendo sido obtidas eficiências de remoção da ordem de 90 % nas condições de pH na faixa de 10 a 12,5 na temperatura ambiente. Estes resultados experimentais indicaram que os processos físicoquímicos estudados são a alternativa mais vantajosa para a remoção das altas concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal encontradas no chorume. A remoção dessas grandes quantidades de N-NH3 também foi vantajosa, tanto operacional como economicamente, considerando-se a etapa subseqüente de tratamento biológico. Verificou-se também que a quantidade de amônia removida do chorume de Gramacho através do stripping aponta para a possibilidade de sua recuperação para fins econômicos, sob a forma de sulfato de amônio.
Following an experimental examination of available techniques, it was established that electrolytic treatment and chemical precipitation are most adequate for the primary treatment of leachates generated in municipal solid waste landfills. It was also determined experimentally that an air stripping operation is indicated for removal of ammonia present in the leachate. The initial stages of this present work concerned the characterization of leachate in accordance with conventional sanitary parameters, together with analytically determined organics contents. In making such characterizations, use was made of the leachate emanating from the metropolitan landfill of Rio de Janeiro (Gramacho). This leachate exhibited high concentrations of dissolved salts, ammonia and organic material - typical of old established landfills. Such results are comparable with those obtained from similar landfills in other countries. The concentration of ammonia in the raw leachate was frequently at least 500 times the permissible limit. Ammonia is highly toxic towards fish and its removal is accordingly justified on these grounds alone. Furthermore, the analyses were carried out using the techniques of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MC), which permitted the identification, previously unreported, of organic substances, originated from the biodegradation and/or decomposition of municipal solid wastes, and of the chemical products found in the landfill itself or in deposited containers. An experimental programme was, at the same time, conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the application of the electrolytic and chemical precipitation processes for the treatment of leachate. A number of diverse parameters were investigated, such as: usage of chemicals, energy consumptions, quantity and characteristics of sludge generated, and the quality of treated leachate, in terms of diverse sanitary parameters. The treated leachate was also submitted to chromatographic analysis in order to determine changes in its chemical composition during treatment. The electrolytic process was shown to be well suited to the removal of organic materials from the leachate but was not effective in the removal of ammonia. Chemical precipitation was found to be a suitable means of removal of both organics and ammonia, although it does not feature highly in terms of its cost effectiveness. A better solution, in the overall sense, is considered to be that which comprises a combination of these two processes. A series of experiments was also undertaken designed to investigate the removal of ammonia by air stripping, after the chemical precipitation stage with calcium hydroxide. During these experiments, the influence on the efficiency of removal of ammonia of parameters such as pH and temperature was determined. Removal efficiencies of the order of 90% were obtained at pH levels between 10 and 12.5, at ambient temperature. These experimental results indicate that the physico-chemical processes studied represent the optimum alternative for removal of high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen encountered in leachate. The removal of large quantities of N - NH3 is furthermore considered to be economically attractive when followed by biological treatment. It was also established that the quantity of ammonia, which could be removed from the Gramacho leachate, utilizing the stripping process, is such as to present economic possibilities for its recovery as ammonium sulphate.
Ruegg, Josephine. "Field assessment of the environment impact of potential pollutants on land irrigated with leachate generated from municipal solid wastes." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358163.
Повний текст джерелаCrawford, James. "A model of pH and redox buffer depletion in waste landfills." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1999. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/craw0510.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCastro, Marcus Cesar Avezum Alves de. "Avaliação de um sistema australiano de lagoas no tratamento conjunto de esgoto sanitário e líquidos percolados gerados em aterro sanitário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13112015-142101/.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the challenges in the project of sanitary landfills is the solution of the destination/treatment of leachates due to the high concentration of pollutants, which is also associated to large variations and a natural reduction with time. This work evaluates, based on a pilot unit, the feasibility of the treatment of leachates, produced in sanitary landfills, in a wastewater treatment plant that uses a system of stabilization lagoons. The pilot unit was mounted in the wastewater treatment site and operated for 18 months, in which the performance was monitored for crescent flowrates of leachates. It was also investigated the prediction of leachate flowrates by different methods (Swiss, Rational and Hydric Balance) based on the comparison of predicted leachate generation rates with observed data. In general, it is possible to perform the treatment of leachates in wastewater treatment plants because there was no reduction of efficiency. Related to the prediction of leachate volumes, the errors of the tested methods range from -22% to + 20% of the observed flowrates.
Quadros, Aldrim Vargas de. "Avaliação da remoção de matéria orgânica carbonácea em filtros anaeróbios tratando lixiviado de resíduos sólidos urbanos." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3062.
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Caixa Econômica Federal
CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
PROSAB - Programa de Pesquisa em Saneamento Básico
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
A geração dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) se transformou em um dos maiores problemas da atualidade. A quantidade e variedade de materiais descartados, o aumento populacional nas cidades e a crescente geração per capita, tornam cada vez mais complexo o seu gerenciamento. A disposição desses resíduos no ambiente se faz em aterros sanitários. Entretanto, a utilização desse método de disposição está atrelada a potenciais impactos ambientais, sendo um dos principais a geração de lixiviado. A geração e a liberação de lixiviado para o meio ambiente são preocupantes em função da sua composição já que contém diferentes compostos, vários deles com potencial poluidor elevado. É fundamental a identificação de alternativas tecnológicas para unidades de tratamento de lixiviado que compatibilizem custos baixos, eficiência de tratamento e atendimento aos padrões sanitários operados no país. Essa pesquisa estudou filtros biológicos anaeróbios com a pretensão de obter a eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica carbonácea nas unidades. Os filtros instalados para a pesquisa operaram com dois meios suportes: rachão e o bloco de concreto, sendo que variou-se a entrada de lixiviado: fluxos ascendente e descendente, buscando-se identificar as condições ótimas de operação para aplicação em aterros sanitários instalados em municípios brasileiros. Filtros com blocos de concreto como meio suporte demonstraram maior formação de biofilme tanto nas determinações diretas de massa, quanto nas análises de proteínas e contagem microbiana. As morfologias predominantes no biofilme foram bacilos, cocos, sarcinas, filamentos e espirilos. A eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica nos filtros anaeróbios operados com fluxo ascendente de lixiviado foi de 61% e 56% para rachão e bloco, respectivamente. A operação dos filtros com fluxo de entrada ascendente foi a melhor opção em todas as estações do ano quando se trata de remoção de matéria orgânica. Os resultados obtidos com filtros operados com fluxo ascendente indicam uma maior mistura no sistema, já que no fluxo descendente existe a dificuldade da distribuição homogênea do lixiviado e uma maior formação de lodo no fundo dos filtros estudados.
Urban solid wastes (USW) have become one of the greatest problems of our time. The amount and variety of materials discarded, the population growth in cities and the rise of per capita generation have made their management increasingly complex. Disposal of these wastes in the environment is done in landfills. However, the use of this disposal method is attached to potential environmental impacts, a main one being leachate generation. The generation and discharge of leachate into the environment are a matter for concern because of its composition, since it contains different compounds, some of them with a high potential for pollution. It is essential to identify technological alternatives for leachate treatment units that will render compatible low costs, efficient treatment and compliance with the country's sanitary standards. This research studied anaerobic biological filters intending to obtain the efficiency of carbonaceous organic matter removal in the units. The filters installed for research operate with two main supports: recycled ground concrete and concrete block. The inflow of leachate was varied: ascending and descending flows, seeking to identify the optimal operational conditions to apply in landfills installed in Brazilian municipalities. Filters using concrete blocks as a support medium showed more biofilm formation, both in direct mass determinations, and in the analyses of proteins and microbial counts. The predominant morphologies in biofilm were bacilli, cocci, sarcines, filaments and spirilla. The efficiency of organic matter removal in the anaerobic filters operated with ascending flow of leachate was 61% and 56% for recycled ground concrete and block, respectively. The operation of filters with an ascending inflow was the best choice for all seasons of the year, when dealing with organic matter removal. The results obtained with ascending flow filters indicate greater mixture in the system, since in the descending flow there is the difficulty of homogeneous distribution of leachate, and more bottom sludge formation in the filters studied.
Almeida, Tania Leme de. "Implicações ambientais dos processos de atenuação de lixiviado em locais de disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-25062009-123008/.
Повний текст джерелаRecent studies had found the existence of processes that allow a natural attenuation of the leachates\'s cotaminants. An adequate understanding of these processes may originate benefits, that may be applied in ancient, new or to be created landfills. This work evaluated the contaminant\'s behavior and attenuation, contaminants existing in soil\'s leaching, throughout an experiment developed in percolation columns. This is the indicated examination for evaluate the attenuation, because it reflects soil\'s natural conditions and adsorptive characteristics, providing a better simulation of it\'s attenuation. The leachate and the soil used in this experiment came from Sao Carlos-SP landfill. The used soil has been characterized as its mineralogical\'s and physical chemical-biological\'s composition, looking for the percolated\'s transportation inside the columns, and for the interaction soil-contaminant. The landfill\'s area has been several times drilled, tested as it\'s hydraulic conductivity and assessment of local geology, in order to know the physical, chemical, biological, mineralogical and geological in situ soil\'s characteristics. This, has been classified as sandy, and, by presenting chemical characteristics that does not reach the adequated value for utilization on solid urban wastes, due to the values of CTC, SE, pH, and the textural sandy class, what shows a deficient buffering capacity in retaining and immobilisating contaminants. By observation in situ, has been found that Sao Carlos\'s solids disposal waste is located over rocks from the Botucatu formation, and the mineralogy of it is composed of quartz, caulinith, goethith, hematith, gibsith an ilith. The hydraulic conductivity test has indicated that the soil in the base of the sanitary landfill does not reaches the permeability values required by the standards, what may allow rain water\'s infiltration, and raises the amount of leachate and it\'s movement onto the ground, and even the leachete to reach the underground waters. So, has been drawn the characteristics curves of the contaminant\'s transportation in the effluents samples found during the percolation process, collected by every 0,25 VP until it reaches 10,0 VP percolated. The characteristical curves of the contaminant\'s transportation drawn showed low concentrations in the effluent samples of Lead, Cadmium, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Calcium, Magnesium, Cooper, Chromium. Also, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine, Nickel and Aluminium had been preferencially percolated within the leachate, what evidentiates the variation in the range of concentrations of every percolated element. The concentration profiles from heavy metal\'s had shown that there is a front of contamination. The retention curves from the soil\'s retaining metal showed that the preferency for the sorption was: Cooper > Cadmium > Calcium > Zinc > Magnesium > Potassium > Manganese > Phosphorus > Iron > Nickel > Aluminium, whose values may point the soil\'s ability in retaining contaminants. The studied soil has presented low potential in retain contaminants from the leachete, and is characterized as sandy, and it\'s chemical features shall not be framed according the standards parameters to be utilized in solid urban waste\'s disposal.
PANTINI, SARA. "Analysis and modelling of leachate and gas generation at landfill sites focused on mechanically-biologically treated waste." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203393.
Повний текст джерелаFerreira, Adriana Gonçalves. "Estudo dos lixiviados das frações do aterro sanitário de São Carlos - SP por meio da caracterização físico-química." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-14072010-105334/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aimed to determine the stages of the decomposition of the waste disposed in São Carlos - SP landfill fractions through the study of the characteristics of the generated leachate. Samples were collected from the older area of the landfill (closed 10 years ago), and also from the first, second and third new built areas (garbage is still being dumped in the third one). The samples were collected in two periods: the dry one (from June to September 2009) and the rainy one (from October to December 2009). The concentration of pH, alkalinity, total volatile acids, COD, solids, metals, sodium and potassium, total nitrogen and ammonium-\'N\' were determined in the study. In all the points sampled the values of pH were higher than 8. The alkalinity ranged from 4000 mg/L to 12000 mg/L \'CA\'\'CO IND.3\', while the total volatile acids concentrations were less than 700 mg/L \'CA\'\'CO IND.3\'. The COD present concentrations between 3000 e 7000 mg/L in the dry period decaying to 2000 and 4000 mg/L in the rainy period. The results found suggest that all the leachate analyzed is in the methanogenic phase of the organic matter. From the total nitrogen and ammonium \'N\' results it turned out to be evident that ammonia is the major pollutant present in the leachate - more than 70% of the total nitrogen. The biodegradability was investigated through the relations VFA/COD and VS/TS and resulted in values lower than 0,25 and 0,3 respectively, indicating that the leachate from São Carlos landfill has low biodegradability.
Silva, Anna Kelly Moreira da. "Estudo do comportamento dos resÃduos sÃlidos urbanos (RSU) em lisÃmetros preenchidos com resÃduos de diferentes caracterÃsticas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10369.
Повний текст джерелаO biogÃs gerado nos aterros sanitÃrios apresenta elevado poder calorÃfico, podendo ser aproveitado energeticamente. Para isso, fazem-se necessÃrios estudos sobre as emissÃes desses gases para verificar a viabilidade econÃmica de seu reaproveitamento. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a geraÃÃo dos gases gerados no Aterro SanitÃrio Metropolitano Oeste de Caucaia-CE, em termos de composiÃÃo e vazÃo, bem como as caracterÃsticas do lixiviado gerado, por meio de suas propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas e microbiolÃgicas, como tambÃm avaliar a massa de lixo presente no aterro, objetivando a viabilidade energÃtica do aproveitamento do biogÃs produzido pelo aterro e a viabilidade ambiental do tratamento do lixiviado. As anÃlises foram feitas nos perÃodos seco e chuvoso. Foram utilizados trÃs LisÃmetros: L1 â preenchido 100 % com os resÃduos sÃlidos na forma como chegam ao aterro; L2 â preenchido com 50% de resÃduos sÃlidos na forma que chegam ao aterro e 50% somente com matÃria orgÃnica; L3 â preenchido 100% somente com matÃria orgÃnica presente nos resÃduos. Os resÃduos foram dispostos desta forma a fim de avaliar as caracterÃsticas de diferentes composiÃÃes. Como resultados, foi observado que os ensaios realizados nos LisÃmetros forneceram dados consistentes. Neste estudo, foi possÃvel observar que os resÃduos se apresentaram com caracterÃsticas altamente degradÃveis no perÃodo seco, porÃm, com pouca geraÃÃo de biogÃs, apresentando o L1 concentraÃÃo mÃdia de 0,3 % de CH4, o CO2 com 0,7 % e O2 com 19,4%. O L2 com concentraÃÃo mÃdia de 0,3 % de CH4, o CO2 com 9,0 % e O2 com 16,0%. E o L3 apresentou concentraÃÃo mÃdia de 1,93 % de CH4, 10,97% de CO2 e O2 com 14,13%. Estes dados foram considerados normais, pois, no perÃodo seco, as mediÃÃes foram realizadas com pouco tempo de decomposiÃÃo da massa de lixo, com apenas 4 meses apÃs a instalaÃÃo do experimento, e, devido a isso, ocorre pouca geraÃÃo de gÃs. No perÃodo chuvoso, determinou-se aumento dessa geraÃÃo de gÃs, com o L1 apresentando concentraÃÃo mÃdia de 0,78 % de CH4, o CO2 com 1,63 % e O2 com 18,6%. O L2 com concentraÃÃo mÃdia de 1,16 % de CH4, o CO2 com 5,6 % e O2 com 15,8%. E o L3 apresentou concentraÃÃo mÃdia de 2,43 % de CH4, 12,98% de CO2 e O2 com 15,25%. Isto à considerado normal, pois, no perÃodo chuvoso, as mediÃÃes foram realizadas com 12 meses apÃs a instalaÃÃo do experimento, e, consequentemente, houve uma maior geraÃÃo de gÃs em relaÃÃo ao perÃodo seco. Em relaÃÃo a vazÃo, o L1 apresentou uma vazÃo de gÃs de 8,64 mÂ/ano, o L2 com vazÃo de 9,72 mÂ/ano e o L3 com vazÃo de 10,92mÂ/ano, possibilitando conversÃo de energia em mÃdia, de 1,9 KW/mÂ. O material que se apresentou com o maior potencial de geraÃÃo de biogÃs nos dois perÃodos foi o L3 (100% somente de matÃria orgÃnica). Este fato se deve ao fato da matÃria orgÃnica, em seu processo de degradaÃÃo, gerar mais gÃs. Os ensaios fÃsico-quÃmicos e microbiolÃgicos realizados no lixiviado e massa de lixo, nos dois perÃodos, confirmaram os resultados da mediÃÃo do gÃs, pois indicaram que o processo de biodegradaÃÃo dos resÃduos se encontrava na fase acidogÃnica no perÃodo seco, fase inicial de degradaÃÃo da massa de lixo e pouca geraÃÃo de gÃs; no perÃodo chuvoso, caracterizou-se como fase metanogÃnica, fase intermediÃria de degradaÃÃo, com uma maior geraÃÃo de gÃs. Em relaÃÃo ao lixiviado gerado, o lisÃmetro que apresentou uma elevada geraÃÃo nos dois perÃodos foi tambÃm o L3. Em relaÃÃo Ãs anÃlise microbiolÃgicas e de metais, os lisÃmetros apresentaram pequenos valores, nÃo indicando patogenicidade e nem toxicidade. Pode-se concluir que à de fundamental importÃncia investir em tÃcnicas de aproveitamento do biogÃs gerado nos aterros sanitÃrios.
The biogas generated in landfills has a high calorific value and can be used as source of energy. Therefore, studies on landfill gas emissions became necessaries in order to verify the economic feasibility of reuse of these gases for energetic proposals. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the emissions of gases generated by a landfill at the Metropolitan West Caucaia-EC, Brazil. The study involved the following: gas compositions and flow rates, the characteristics of the leachate released by the physico-chemical and microbiological activities, as well as evaluating the landfill mass of trash. It was studied the feasibility of the use of the landfill produced biogas as source of energy, as well as the environmental feasibility of the treatment of the leachate released. The analyzes were made during the dry and rainy seasons. Three types of lysimeters were used: L1 - 100% filled with waste solids as it arrives in the landfill site; L2 - filled with 50% of solid waste in the form as it arrives in the landfill and 50% as organic matter; L3 - 100% filled only with organic matter present in the waste. The residues were disposed in this way in order to evaluate the characteristics of the different organic compositions. As a result, it was observed that the tests carried out with the lysimeters provided consistent data. In this study, it was observed that the waste in the dry season presented a highly degradable characteristic, but with little production of biogas, with the L1 presenting the following average concentrations: 0.3% CH4, 0.7% CO2 and 19.4% O2 . The L2 average concentration were: of 0.3% CH4, 9,0 CO2 and 16% O2. And L3 showed average concentrations: 1.93% CH4, 10.97% CO2 and 14.13%O2. These data were considered normal, because in the dry period measurements were made with in a small period of decomposition of the waste mass, with only four months after the experiment. Due to this, there was small amount of gas generated. In the rainy season, it was determined an increased gas generation, with the L1 showing an average concentration of 0.78% CH4, 1.63% CO2 and 18.6% O2. The L2 average concentration of 1.16% CH4, CO2, 5.6% and 15.8% O2. And L3 showed average concentration of 2.43% CH4, 12,98% CO2 and 15.25% O2. This data were considered normal, because in the rainy season, the measurements were carried out 12 months after the experiment was concluded, and, therefore, there was a higher gas generation compared with the dry period. Regarding the L1, the flow showed a value of 8.64 m / year; the L2 the flow was of 9.72 m / year and L3 the flow was 10.92 m / year, enabling energy conversion averaged of 1.9 KW / mÂ. The material that presented the greatest potential for biogas generation, in the two periods, was the L3 (with 100% organic matter). This fact is due to the organic matter in the process of degradation which generated more gas. The physicochemical and microbiological leaching assays conducted with the waste mass during the two periods reaffirmed the results of the gas measurement, indicating that the biodegradation process waste was in the acidogenic phase during the dry period, which was the initial stage of mass garbage degradation with little gas generation; in the rainy season, which was characterized as a methanogenic phase, an intermediate phase of degradation, occurred an increased gas generation. With regard to the leachate produced, the material had a high generation in both periods was also the L3. Regarding the microbiological and metals analysis, the lysimeters showed small values, indicating no toxicity nor pathogenicity. It can be concluded that it is of fundamental importance to invest in techniques aiming the use of the biogas generated in the landfills.
Costa, Carlos Henrique Rinck da. "Estudo de mistura solo-carvão ativado como barreira reativa no tratamento de lixiviados de resíduos sólidos urbanos." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3804.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2015-06-11T12:52:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 estudo de mistura.pdf: 2588832 bytes, checksum: 69b0a9213cde06ec095f5d7e19825586 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
PROSAB - Programa de Pesquisa em Saneamento Básico
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar a adsorção de metais pesados às partículas sólidas de um solo residual de arenito e misturas desse solo com carvão ativado nas proporções de 1%, 5% e 10% em volume, base seca. Assim, foram propostos dois tipos de ensaios: ensaio de coluna e ensaio de equilíbrio em lote para analisar a plicabilidade da técnica de Barreira Reativa Permeável (BRP) no tratamento de lixiviados provenientes de aterros sanitários de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU). O trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre BRP, apresentando suas características, seus tipos e principais processos reativos. Analisa também o que há de mais atual na literatura mundial sobre lixiviados e metais pesados que são contaminantes foco desta pesquisa. Foram apresentadas ainda as interações entre os contaminantes e os elementos reativos, analisando aspectos físico-químicos como complexação de superfície, adsorção, mobilidade dos contaminantes no perfil do solo e efeito do pH. Nos ensaios de coluna observou-se que ao sólidos presentes no lixiviado causam a colmatação da camada inicial dos corpos de prova, reduzindo a velocidade de fluxo e consequentemente o coeficiente de permeabilidade. Os resultados apresentados nos ensaios de equilíbrio indicam vários tempos de equilíbrio para os diferentes metais, sendo que, para o solo puro esse tempo é de 48h. Os ensaios de equilíbrio mostraram que a mistura de solo residual de arenito com 10% de carvão ativado, em volume, base seca, é a mais indicada para a adsorção dos metais estudados.
This research intends to evaluate the adsorption of heavy metals to solid particles of residual aground of sandstone and mixtures of thisground with portions of activated coal in the ratios of 1%, 5% and 10% in volume, dry base. Thus, two types of experiences had been considered: one of column and batch test to analyze the applicability of the technique of Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) in the treatment of leachate proceeding from Urban Solid Waste Landfills. This text presents a bibliographical revision on PRB, presenting its characteristics, its types and mainreactive processes. It also analyzes the most up to date world-wide literature on leachate and metals heavy contaminants that are focus of this research. The interactions between the reactive contaminants and elements will be presented still, analyzing physical-chemical aspects, as surface complex, adsorption, mobility of the contaminants in the profile of the ground and effect of pH. In the column experiences it was observed that the solids presents in the leached one they cause the blinding the initial layer of the test bodies, reducing the flow speed and the permeability coefficient. The results presented in the balance experienses indicate several times of balance for different metals, and for the pure ground this time is of 48h. The balance experience that had shown that the soil mixture with 10% of activated coal, in volume, dry base, is indicated for the adsorption of studied metals.
Souto, Gabriel D'Arrigo de Brito. "Efeito da variação gradual da taxa de recirculação do lixiviado em reatores anaeróbios híbridos na digestão da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-09112005-115427/.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this study was to test the following hypothesis: varying the leachate recirculation rate in a hybrid batch reactor would make it possible to shorten the time required for the digestion of MSW, in comparison to a similar system operating with constant recirculation rate. Two sets of reactors were operated, one with constant recirculation rate (control system) and the other with varying rate (experimental system). The reactors were kept in a room which internal temperature was controlled. The temperature was kept at 35 ºC '+ OU -' 1ºC. Each set of reactors was composed of a solids reactor, filled with solid wastes and inoculated with landfill leachate, and an anaerobic filter, that should treat the leachate form the first one. The substract used was the standardized organic fraction of the municipal solid wastes (FORSUDp). Several parameters were measured for process monitoring: COD (in filtered and not filtered samples), total alkalinity, volatile acids alkalinity, solids, Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, volatile acids by gas chromatography and biogas composition. The development of the anaerobic microorganisms was observed with phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy of the packed bed media showed biofilm development. It was concluded that the varying leachate recirculation rate proved to be able to enhance the degradation process. Besides, this operational strategy entirely changed the behaviour and interaction of the reactors
Contrera, Ronan Cleber. "Tratamento biológico de líquidos percolados de aterros sanitários utilizando reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo (RAHLF)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-28092016-154251/.
Повний текст джерелаEven today, only few Brazilian cities give adequate destiny to urban solid wastes. The waste disposal at sanitary landfills is currently one of the most economical and adequated way of waste disposal. The high quantity of organic matter in domiciliary wastes, the waste own moisture, the rainwater infiltration and the microbiological activities lead to the leachate generation into the landfill. This liquid has a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration, and is a potential pollutant. This work evaluated the viability and the efficiency of the use of a horizontal anaerobic immobilized sludge reactor (HAIS reactor) for leachate treatment collected from Bauru-SP and Rio Claro-SP landfills. The reactor, in pilot scale, was constructed using a 3,0 m of length and 14,5 cm internal diameter PVC pipe, with a length-diameter ratio (L/D) of approximately 20, and an approximately 50 L volume. The reactor had gas collectors and intermediate samplers in the direction of its length, in positions corresponding to L/D equal to 4, 8, 12 and 16. For immobilization support it was utilized polyurethane foam with 20 kg.m-3 of density in cube form, with side of approximately 10 mm. The leachate was collected and stored in a cold chamber at 5ºC and the reactor was maintained at controlled temperature in a chamber at 30ºC. Operating the system with the leachate from Bauru-SP during eight weeks, there was no biomass acclimatization due, probably, to high NH3 concentrations. When utilizing the leachate from Rio Claro-SP the system had, initially, low efficiencies, even with a hydraulic retention time of 25 days. But after changes in the operation strategy, changing the leachate by one other collected in the same place, the system reacted very well, obtaining efficiencies of approximately 80% in terms of COD removal, with a hydraulic retention time of 2,5 days and an inlet COD at the range of 5.000 mg/L.
Carneiro, Pedro Henrique. "Efeito da adição de lodo ao inóculo de reator anaeróbio híbrido sólido-líquido tratando fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2005. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19199.
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Treatment of organic solid wastes like wastewater treatment plant sludges and organic fraction of municipal solid wastes are current issues in environmental engineering. Biological processes are more appropriate to treat these wastes. Recent trends like Kyoto protocol and clean development mechanisms (CDM) are improving anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes. It was investigated the effect of adding anaerobic sludge to bioreactor landfill leachate applied like seed in hybrid anaerobic solid-liquid bioreactor treating organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. It was verified that sludge addition improved anaerobic digestion, accelerating volatile fatty acids degradation, anticipating biogas generation, increasing methane percentile composition and promoting more variability and presence of microorganisms. Sludge addition also increased total solids and total volatile solids conversion.
O tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos, como lodos de estação de tratamento de esgotos e a fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos, são desafios atuais da engenharia sanitária e ambiental. Os processos biológicos são os mais apropriados para o tratamento desses resíduos. Acordos recentes como o Protocolo de Kyoto e os mecanismos de desenvolvimento limpo (MDL) estão contribuindo para o crescimento da digestão anaeróbia de resíduos sólidos orgânicos em todo o mundo. Nesta pesquisa foi investigado o efeito da adição de lodo anaeróbio ao lixiviado de aterro sanitário empregado como inóculo de reator anaeróbio híbrido sólido-líquido tratando a fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Foi verificado que a adição de lodo melhorou a digestão anaeróbia, acelerando a degradação de ácidos graxos voláteis, antecipando a geração de biogás, aumentando a composição percentual de metano e promovendo maior variabilidade e presença de microrganismos. A adição de lodo também aumentou a eficiência de conversão de sólidos totais e sólidos totais voláteis.
Lopes, Adriana Antunes. "Estudo da gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos na bacia Tietê-Jacaré (UGRHI-13)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-04032008-125517/.
Повний текст джерелаSolid waste can pollute and contaminate superficial and groundwater, through the migration of sanitary landfills and dumps leachate, which can endangers the public health and the environment. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze the urban solid waste management at Tietê-Jacaré basin, which belongs to the São Paulo State 13th Water Resources Management Unit (UGRHI-13), and to verify its influence to the regional water resources quality by sampling superficial water (14 points) and groundwater (20 points) at Araraquara, Bauru, Brotas, Jaú, Ribeirão Bonito and São Carlos. Four groundwater samples were collected at four wells, one upstream and three downstream, at five landfills. Four water samples were also collected at two points from seven streamlets of the landfills influence area. The sampling occurred on 2004 and 2005. The samples were submitted to physic-chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicologycal analysis. Water table, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen and temperature were achieved in situ. During the monitoring, alteration of the natural characteristics of the water resources was verified, indicating pollution and contamination at some points. Based on the surveys and the information, this study could conclude that there is not an integrated management of solid wastes at Tietê-Jacaré basin, excepting improvements at some municipalities. The municipal landfills are being improved gradually, following environmental agencies requests, but the measures are emergent and correctives. There is lack of investment from governments for negative impacts prevention.
Contrera, Ronan Cleber. "Tratamento de lixiviados de aterros sanitários em sistema de reatores anaeróbio e aeróbio operados em batelada seqüencial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-15022009-221141/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work evaluated the tractability of landfill leachate from São Carlos-SP, utilizing biological reactors. The experiment was conducted at environmental temperature, in a pilot scale unity constructed into the São Carlos-SP landfill area. Initially, it was compared and tested two kinds of anaerobic reactors, each one with 1.200 L of total volume and both provided of mechanical agitation, differing by the kind of biomass immobilization, having the first (ASBR), self-immobilized biomass, and the second (ASBBR), immobilized biomass in polyurethane foam cubes. An approximately 120 L volume continuous up flow anaerobic biofilter was also evaluated. Additionally to the anaerobic treatment, it was also evaluated the post-treatment of landfill leachate in a sequence batch activated sludge system of 180 L. The ASBR, inoculated with a granular UASB sludge from a poultry wastewater treatment, was inefficient and presented sludge segregation and sedimentation problems. The ASBBR, inoculated using the sludge from the bottom of a landfill leachate reservoir, at the final of acclimation, presented efficiency over 70%, in terms of COD removal, utilizing landfill leachate without water dilution, with an inlet COD at the range of 11,000 mg/L, a TVA/COD ratio of approximately 0.6 and reaction time equal to 7 days. It was realized that the landfill leachate anaerobic biodegradability has a directly relationship to the TVA/COD ratio, and for TVA/COD Total ratio lower than 0.25, the biodegradability is low, for ratios between 0.25 and 0.40 is medium, and up to 0.40 may be considered high. It was also observed that \'NH IND.4\' POT.+\' concentrations at the range of 4,500 mg N/L has no significant interference in the anaerobic treatment, since the biomass has properly acclimated. At the temporal profiles of concentration performed in the ASBBR, it was adjusted a first order model for the substrate consumption, in terms of COD Total, obtaining K1 values ranging between 3.18 x \'10 POT.-5\' and 5.82 x \'10 POT.-5\' /(d.mgSTV/L). The post-treatment of the ASBBR effluents was evaluated in a sequence batch activated sludge system, which has obtained maximum efficiencies at the range of 30% in terms of COD removal, with an inlet COD at the range of 5,000 mg/L. As regards of the continuous up flow anaerobic biofilter, it has obtained efficiencies superiors to 70% when fed by a mixing of recovery landfill leachate and acidified ethanol, with an inlet COD at the range of 20,000 mg/L.
Kwang, Chen Hwa, and 陳華光. "The Leachate Concentration Model from Solid Waste." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47879733933745578707.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
環境工程研究所
82
The leachate from solid waste has been a serious pollutant problem to human beings.In Taiwan,there are 87% of solid waste was treated by discarded.Because the climate of Taiwan is warm and rainy,there will be much leachate from solid waste.If the leachate was not treated properly,it will pollute the river and groundwaterand become secondary pollution. The leachate model can provide the pridiction of concentration,so we need to develop an effective model for the treatment of leachate. The model deduced here consider the following terms: (1) Solid degradable easily and degradable hard. (2) Lquid that mobile and stagnant. (3) Gas generated from the decomposition of organic substrate. And we have the following results: (1)The decomposition of organic substrate is the remarkable factor of leachate concentration. (2)The model consider mobile phase and stagnant phase can pro- vide more accuarcy of heightest concentration and the time of its appearance. (3)Hamming predictor-corrector method and finite element method have the same solution of model deduced here. (4)Density is the most obvious reason influence leachate con- centration.
Liou, Jong Shyan, and 劉中賢. "Leachate production by solid waste columns experiment." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99458178144013545926.
Повний текст джерела逢甲大學
土木及水利工程研究所
81
Five columns were set up indoor simulate the rainfall of landfill site. The landfill depth and the rainfall frequency were changed to study the leachate quality. An estimated model of leachate flow was derived from the Fungaroli's experimental data and the measured data of landfill site.The relatively equation is Leachate flow = exp((storage quantity- field capacity)/storage coefficenet) This model relates to rainfall quantity,rainfall frequency, evaportranspiration, landfill depth,daily waste quantity,the field capacity of landfill and storage coefficient factor ,and it could satisfactorily be used to estimte the maximum, the minimum and the average of daily leachate flow in the landfill site.
Naveen, B. P. "Assessment of Leachate Characteristics and Geotechnical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2973.
Повний текст джерела