Статті в журналах: "Solid waste biodegradation"

1

T, Siva, and P. Serfoji. "Biodegradation of different organic solid waste by using epigeic earthworms." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 2494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12791.

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Zhang, Zhen Ying, and Da Zhi Wu. "Study on the Biodegradation Strength Properties for Municipal Solid Waste with Higher Content of Organic Matter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.918.

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Basing on the new developed direct shear testing instrument, the biodegradation strength properties and strength parameters of municipal solid waste with higher content of organic matter have been studied. The municipal solid waste is divided into three parts: the material that is easy to be biodegraded, reinforced material that is difficult to be biodegraded and the incompressible solid waste material. The proportions of these three parts are 80%, 5% and 15%, respectively. A series of laboratory tests have been performed for different initial void ratios and different vertical pressures applied on the test specimen. Testing results show that the initial void ratio is the main influence factor for the biodegradation strength of the municipal solid waste, the relationship between the biodegradation shear stress and the shear strain is a strain hardening curve, the biodegradation shear stress gradually increases with the shear strain. Besides, the biodegradation shear strength shows a linear relationship to the vertical pressure applied on the test specimen, and it is in accordance with the law of coulomb. According to the testing results, the biodegradation shear strength parameters of municipal solid waste are obtained. The cohesion varies from 11.5 to 24.0kPa, and the internal friction angle varies from 8.3 to 29.0 degree.

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3

Gautam, S. P., P. S. Bundela, A. K. Pandey, R. K. Jain, P. R. Deo, S. K. Khare, M. K. Awasthi, and Surendra Sarsaiya. "Biodegradation and Recycling of Urban Solid Waste." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2009.653.656.

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4

El-Fadel, M., A. N. Findikakis, and J. O. Leckie. "Temperature Effects in Modeling Solid Waste Biodegradation." Environmental Technology 17, no. 9 (September 1996): 915–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593331708616462.

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5

Yapaev, R. R., I. R. Faskhutdinov, and L. A. Nasyrova. "INVESTIGATION OF INITIATING ADDITIVE EFFECT ON BIOGAS FORMATION DURING SOLID HOUSEHOLD AND MUNICIPAL WASTE DECOMPOSITION." Problems of Gathering Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, no. 2 (May 16, 2023): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ntj-oil-2023-2-195-204.

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The article is devoted to the problem of the biogas formation process during solid household and municipal waste decomposition. It is noted the necessity to ensure a constant temperature regime of biodegradation at landfills under natural conditions of waste disposal, as well as the intensification of the process itself. The results of experimental studies on the production of biogas during the decomposition of model mixtures from solid household and municipal waste in laboratory conditions in the presence of initiating additives are presented. The aim of the work is to study the effect of initiating additives on biogas formation during the biodegradation of solid household and municipal waste with the defining of the best intensifier. As a result of the research, the authors obtained results indicating the effect of dietary supplements on the formation of biogas during the organic waste decomposition. The factors that affect the process of mixtures biodegradation are revealed, proving the validity of the use of initiating additives, as well as the use of landfills of solid household and municipal waste of a new design.

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Wang, J. Y., O. Stabnikova, S. T. L. Tay, V. Ivanov, and J. H. Tay. "Biotechnology of intensive aerobic conversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 10 (May 1, 2004): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0631.

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Biotechnology for intensive aerobic bioconversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer was developed. The wastes were treated in a closed reactor under controlled aeration, stirring, pH, and temperature at 60¡C, after addition of starter bacterial culture Bacillus thermoamylovorans. The biodegradation of sewage sludge was studied by decrease of volatile solids (VS), content of organic carbon and autofluorescence of coenzyme F420. The degradation of anaerobic biomass was faster than biodegradation of total organic matter. The best fertilizer was obtained when sewage sludge was thermally pre-treated, mixed with food waste, chalk, and artificial bulking agent. The content of volatile solid and the content of organic carbon decreased at 24.8% and 13.5% of total solids, respectively, during ten days of bioconversion. The fertilizer was a powder with moisture content of 5%. It was stable, and not toxic for the germination of plant seeds. Addition of 1.0 to 1.5% of this fertilizer to the subsoil increased the growth of different plants tested by 113 to 164%. The biotechnology can be applied in larger scale for the recycling of sewage sludge and food wastes in Singapore.

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Warith, Mostafa A., Walied Zekry, and Neeraj Gawri. "Effect of Leachate Recirculation on Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation." Water Quality Research Journal 34, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1999.012.

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Abstract Biological processes are known to reduce the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, but current landfilling practices have not been altered to reflect this knowledge. The advantages of enhancing degradation of solid waste include reduced period of leachate treatment, increased methane production, expedited landfill site reclamation through stabilized waste mining, and accelerated subsidence permitting recovery of valuable landfill air space. The techniques that can be used to enhance biological degradation include leachate recirculation, addition of nutrients, shredding, sludge and buffer solutions addition, lift design, temperature, and moisture content management. Manipulation of these variables promotes a more conducive environment for microbial activity. This paper presents the results of a leachate recirculation experiment into three pilots scale solid waste cells. A computer-operated pumping system controlled the rate of recirculated leachate into the solid waste cells. The leachate was recirculated over a period of 65 weeks, and effluent samples were obtained on a weekly basis and analyzed for pH, BOD, COD, TOC and heavy metal concentrations. The experimental results indicated that addition of supplemental materials to the leachate during recirculation has a positive effect on the rate of biological degradation of solid waste. The addition of primary sludge and supplemental nutrients resulted on a rapid increase in BOD and COD concentrations in the effluent samples. This rapid increase in BOD and COD concentrations suggests that following a lag phase prior to the methano-jenesis phase, a rapid decrease in the organic load in the leachate will be ichieved within a reasonable time frame. In addition, the results of this investigation indicates that the primary sludge is an excellent source of microbial inoculum. The addition of supplemental nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) with buffer also increases the concentration of the BOD and COD in the effluent samples, proving that a balance of pH and an increase in the available nutrients increases biological activities in the solid waste cells compared to the control cell.

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8

Candiani, Giovano. "MONITORING THE PROCESS OF BIODEGRADATION AND METHANE GAS GENERATION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL CELL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN BRAZIL." Revista Científica FAEMA 13, no. 1 (August 6, 2022): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31072/rcf.v13i1.907.

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Organic waste is particularly important as it influences the generation of leachate and gas in the landfill. This work aimed to monitor the process of biodegradation and methane gas generation in an experimental cell with urban solid waste in Brazil. Monitoring in the experimental cell was carried out for 1.100 days, using environmental measurement equipment and portable gas analyzers with measurements in the central vertical drain of the experimental cell. It was possible to monitor the methane gas generation curve and the composition of biogas during the solid waste biodegradation process. The results obtained from the research confirmed the explanation for the drop in the methane generation rate observed in several landfills after the completion of waste disposal.

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9

Yunus, Anika, David J. Smallman, Anne Stringfellow, Richard Beaven, and William Powrie. "Characterisation of the recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of waste." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.636.

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This study investigates the use of UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to assess the early development of recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out on fresh waste (FW) and composted waste (CW) over a period of 150 days and leachates produced from the degradation of two wastes were analysed for humic-like (H-L) and fulvic-like (F-L) structures by UV spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation–emission-matrix analyses. During anaerobic biodegradation, the synthesis and utilization of H-L and F-L structures in the leachates over time was indicative of the generation of the recalcitrant organic compounds. The results obtained from UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that CW leachates resulted in a higher concentration and more condensed form of recalcitrant H-L and F-L molecules than FW leachates. These findings demonstrate how fluorescence and UV absorption spectroscopy can be used as an indicator for monitoring the evolution of recalcitrant organic compounds (H-L and F-L substances) in leachates formed at different stages of waste biodegradation.

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10

Kong, Dequan, Rong Wan, and Yonghui Wang. "Sample Preparation Methods Affect Engineering Characteristic Tests of Municipal Solid Waste." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 26, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9280561.

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The output of municipal solid waste (MSW) has sharply increased over the recent years, which induces many severe problems (environmental pollution, deteriorating human health, and increased land occupation). Engineering parameters form the research basis for MSW treatment, which can be greatly influenced by the applied sample preparation methods. Currently, the preparation method of MSW samples mostly refers to the geotechnical test standard. The suitability and accuracy of this method for MSW are less studied, especially when considering biodegradation, so further research is needed. Depending on whether the material is dried or remains wet during preparation, the samples made by traditional geotechnical test standards are referred to as dry method samples or wet method samples, respectively. To study the influence of the sample preparation methods on the MSW engineering properties of MSW, the compression tests, direct shear tests, and biodegradation compression tests were conducted for both types of samples (dry and wet). The results show that the data dispersion of the wet method samples is stronger. The average test data variance of wet samples was 1.43–8.85 times higher than that of dry samples. In both the direct shear test and the compression test, the differences in engineering parameters caused by the sample preparation method were less than 12.3% and 8.9%, respectively. In biodegradation compression tests, the difference in engineering parameters reached up to 33.7%. In general, the dry method is preferred for tests that do not consider biodegradation, while the wet method is more suitable for tests that consider biodegradation. The research can be used as a reference toward improving the simplicity and accuracy of MSW tests.

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11

Akunna, J. C., Y. A. Abdullahi, and N. A. Stewart. "Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes containing variable proportions of waste types." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 8 (October 1, 2007): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.725.

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In many parts of the world there are significant seasonal variations in the production of the main organic wastes, food and green wastes. These waste types display significant differences in their biodegradation rates. This study investigated the options for ensuring process stability during the start up and operation of thermophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion of feedstock composed of varying proportions of food and green wastes. The results show that high seed sludge to feedstock ratio (or low waste loading rate) is necessary for ensuring process pH stability without chemical addition. It was also found that the proportion of green wastes in the feedstock can be used to regulate process pH, particularly when operating at high waste loading rates (or low seed sludge to feedstock ratios). The need for chemical pH correction during start-up and digestion operation decreased with increase in green wastes content of the feedstock. Food wastes were found to be more readily biodegradable leading to higher solids reduction while green wastes brought about pH stability and higher digestate solid content. Combining both waste types in various proportions brought about feedstock with varying buffering capacity and digestion performance. Thus, careful selection of feedstock composition can minimise the need for chemical pH regulation as well as reducing the cost for digestate dewatering for final disposal.

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12

Karimi, Sajjad, and Christopher A. Bareither. "The influence of moisture enhancement on solid waste biodegradation." Waste Management 123 (March 2021): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.022.

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13

Widyastuti, Widyastuti, Fendi Setiawan, Chasya Al Afandy, Arik Irawan, Aspita Laila, Ni Luh Gede Ratna Juliasih, Wawan Abdullah Setiawan, Masayoshi Arai, John Hendri, and Andi Setiawan. "Antifungal Agent Chitooligosaccharides Derived from Solid-State Fermentation of Shrimp Shell Waste by Pseudonocardia antitumoralis 18D36-A1." Fermentation 8, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8080353.

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Shrimp shell waste is a potential source of the biopolymer chitin. Through fermentation, chitin can be converted into its derivative products. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the products of the biodegradation of chitin from shrimp shell waste through a solid-state fermentation process using actinomycetes. Actinomycete isolates were obtained from tunicate marine biota collected from the waters of Buleleng, Bali, using a dilution technique on 1% chitin colloid agar medium. The isolated actinomycetes were cultivated on a shrimp shell waste medium for 7 days, and then the products of the biodegradation of the oligomers were extracted using water. The extracts of the biodegradation products of the shrimp shells were isolated through several chromatographic steps and analyzed using LC–MS–MS, and the bioactivity of the biodegradation products against fungi was tested. The morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate 18D36-A1 was a rare actinomycete with the proposed name Pseudonocardia antitumoralis 18D36-A1. The results of the analysis using TLC showed that the solid-state fermented water isolate 18D36-A1 produced several oligomeric components. These results indicate that the isolate 18D36-A1 was able to convert chitin into chitooligosaccharides. Further isolation of the extract produced the active fraction D36A1C38, which can inhibit the growth of fungi by 74% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. This initial information is very important for further studies related to the development of a solid-state fermentation process for obtaining bioactive compounds from shrimp shell waste.

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Chinenyenwa, Anijiofor Sandra, Nik Daud Nik Norsyhariati, Idrus Syazwani, and Che Man Hasfalina. "Analyzing the Reuse Potentials of Landfilled Solid Wastes for Farm Water Treatment and Reuse." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.417.

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The increasing solid waste management problems in developing countries necessitated landfill mining to determine the reuse potentials of landfilled solid waste materials. In this study, characterization of landfilled solid waste obtained from a closed landfill site in Malaysia was conducted to ascertain its reuse potentials for biodegradation in wastewater treatment. The results revealed adequate neutral pH, Moisture Content of 34 %, Organic Content of 10.4 % and Bacterial Population in terms of Total Coliform of 8.3 × 105 CFU/100 mL, which are ideal conditions for biodegradation while porosity n of 51%, allow free flow of water during treatment. The SEM showed irregular shapes and pore spaces and a BET surface area of 3.376 m 2 g-1 which enables adsorption of pollutants on its surface, air diffusion and re-aeration. Furthermore, the waste material was used as media for biodegradation in a lab-scale bioreactor at a hydraulic loading of 4 L m-3 d-1 and inflow rate of 0.1 L min-1. The results showed maximum removal rates of 95, 97, 86, 70, 70, and 98% for COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, NH3-N, and TP respectively. Utilization of this technology as bioreactor landfills will solve landfill congestion and also provide cheap wastewater treatment option.

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Bhandari, Netra Lal, Sulakshana Bhattarai, Ganesh Bhandari, Sumita Subedi, and Kedar Nath Dhakal. "A Review on Current Practices of Plastics Waste Management and Future Prospects." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 26, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v26i1.37837.

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Inefficient solid waste management of plastics and polymeric materials is one of the global challenges leading to environmental deterioration. This challenge has brought alarming concern to minimize volume of such wastes released into the environment. The concern proposes a solution to the existing problems to some extent by reuse, recycling, and efficient conversion of waste materials into alternative application. Chemical and thermo-mechanical conversion of plastic wastes into energy and their biodegradation were taken into account. Consequently, some newly employed recycling and conversion techniques of plastic wastes, and possible future alternatives with recommendations are reviewed in this article

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16

Damodharan, V., and J. Padmapriya. "Kinetics of MSW Biodegradation with Different Inocula In Laboratory In-Vessel Reactor." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.65.

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The in-vessel composting is considered as an environmentally sound method for the treatment and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as it produces good quality compost with lesser environmental impacts. In this study, the process was accelerated and the composting time was reduced using various industrial organic wastes as inoculums in a vertical in-vessel reactor with stirrer arrangement. This study examined the process kinetics which aims to show the interdependency between biological, chemical & physical factors. It is also the extension of the previous work which dealt with composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The rate of degradation of volatile solids, TOC and C/N ratio are presented in First-order kinetic model and reaction rate constants are determined. The different inoculums used are yeast sludge, spent wash, distillery effluent and sugar sludge. Yeast sludge has the highest R2 values such as 0.979, 0.978 and 0.986 for VS, TOC and C/N ratio respectively. The R2 value of C/N ratio for the sugar sludge is 0.983. From the kinetic study, it can be concluded that the yeast sludge can be a better option when compared with other sludge to accelerate the process of composting.

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17

Moreau, Jouen, Grossin-Debattista, Loisel, Mazéas, and Clément. "Six Years Temperature Monitoring Using Fibre-Optic Sensors in a Bioreactor Landfill." Geosciences 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100426.

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Temperature is a relevant physical parameter to monitor the biodegradation phases of waste mass. Irstea and the landfill operator SAS Les Champs Jouault have been collaborating since 2011 to study the temporal evolution and the spatial distribution of temperature in a municipal solid waste cell. Using distributed temperature sensing technology, optical fibres were installed in waste mass composed of household waste and industrial waste at different depths during the landfilling period. Temperature distributions were studied from 2012 until 2018 and the same evolutions are observed everywhere with more or less important amplitude variations depending on the location of the measurement point. When landfilled, the waste is at ambient temperature and a significant increase is observed the following year due to the exothermic impact of the aerobic biodegradation phase before a slower decrease during the anaerobic biodegradation phase over several years. Thermal parameters of the waste mass and the surrounding soil, as well as the heat generation function, are calculated using numerical simulation to reproduce the temperature evolution and its spatial distribution. The study of the long-term temperature evolution makes it possible to evaluate the favourable period during which the deposit cell will be in optimal conditions to promote the biodegradation waste processes.

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18

Ojewumi, M. E., O. R. Obanla, O. O. Fagbiele, and O. E. O. Kolawole. "LAND REMEDIATION AND RECLAMATION TECHNIQUES THROUGH THE BIODEGRADATION OF WASTE PAPERS." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 4 (August 29, 2022): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.4.3.

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Waste materials are one of the major components of solid organic waste that pollutes land. Inappropriate disposal of municipal waste (solid) not only affects land but is also a source of danger to inhabitants. The management of residue from incineration is an integral part of waste disposal/management systems. This research provides a collection and bio-treatment technologies for various types of waste paper such as office paper and newspaper as feedstock using two microorganisms: Serratia and Rhizopus to convert them to reducing sugars. The percentages of reducing sugar present in the samples before, during and after hydrolysis were determined using the dinitrosalicylic (DNS) acid test method. The effect of temperature on the substrate was analyzed at 37, 40, and 45°C. This research shows that waste paper can be converted into useful materials.

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19

Офрихтер, Вадим, Vadim Ofrikhter, Андрей Пономарев, Andrey Ponomarev, Ян Офрихтер, and Yan Ofrikhter. "MODELLING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS COMPOSITE MATERIAL." Construction and Architecture 3, no. 2 (January 30, 2016): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11007.

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Municipal solid waste (further MSW) occupy considerable sites of urban territories. Behaviour of “fresh” MSW is characterized by deformation hardening similarly to stress-strain state of pseudocohesive unsaturated soils reinforced by randomly oriented fibers. Distinctive feature of MSW is predominant orientation of reinforcing component in one horizontal direction, which is associated with the technology of waste deposing on the landfills. During first decades after placement processes of chemical and biological decay proceed in waste massif. After their completion MSW are classified as waste soil with maximal particle size not more than 20 mm. With the progress of biodegradation deformation hardening of MSW under loading is decreasing.

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20

Van Impe, William F., and Abdelmalek Bouazza. "Densification of domestic waste fills by dynamic compaction." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-118.

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Dynamic compaction of solid waste is important in landfill operations because increasing the density of the material increases the storage capacity of the landfill. Differential settlements are also reduced, which is important for the integrity of the cover system. In this paper, a case study concerning a waste disposal site situated at Maldegem, Belgium, is presented. It is shown that young landfills behave differently from old landfills. This phenomenon results from the biodegradation of the wastes. Moreover, it is shown that the depth of influence, the crater depth, the enforced settlement, and the peak particle velocity are affected by this ageing process. Key words: dynamic compaction, landfills, SASW method, waste.

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Zhao, Runkang, Annan Zhou, and Yang-Ping Yao. "Interpretation of mechanical and biodegradation behaviour of municipal solid waste." Computers and Geotechnics 150 (October 2022): 104927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.104927.

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Boni, M. Rosaria, and Loredana Musmeci. "Organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW): extent of biodegradation." Waste Management & Research 16, no. 2 (April 1998): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9801600202.

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23

Vigneron, Vassilia, Marie Ponthieu, Giulia Barina, Jean-Marc Audic, Christian Duquennoi, Laurent Mazéas, Nicolas Bernet, and Théodore Bouchez. "Nitrate and nitrite injection during municipal solid waste anaerobic biodegradation." Waste Management 27, no. 6 (January 2007): 778–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.02.020.

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24

Eskander, S. B., S. M. Abd El-Aziz, H. El-Sayaad, and H. M. Saleh. "Cementation of Bioproducts Generated from Biodegradation of Radioactive Cellulosic-Based Waste Simulates by Mushroom." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2012 (November 29, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/329676.

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The current work was devoted to study the solidification of bioproducts originated from the bioremediation of mixture of solid cellulose-based radioactive waste simulates using a mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius), in Portland cement. The obtained solidified waste form was subjected to mechanical integrity qualification after curing periods of 28 and 90 days. Chemical performance of the cement-waste form was also evaluated in different leachant media during 540 days. The results obtained gave useful information about the mechanical, physical, and chemical performances of the final cement-waste form incorporated the radioactive bioproducts. Moreover, it indicated that cement can provide a highly durable form that ensures a long-term stability of the solidified waste material and can act as a first barrier against the release of radiocontaminants from radioactive wastes to the surrounding environment.

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Machado, Sandro L., Miriam F. Carvalho, and Orencio M. Vilar. "Modeling the Influence of Biodegradation on Sanitary Landfill Settlements." Soils and Rocks 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.323123.

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This paper presents a mathematical model to reproduce long term or secondary settlement of sanitary landfills. Sec- ondary compression is assumed to be commanded by two main processes: mechanical creep compression and the biodegradation of waste. The model introduces a biodegradation parameter that relates mass loss with volumetric variations. The biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) organic matter was represented through gas generation, modeled as a first order decay process. The gas generation was transformed into mass loss and used to evaluate biodegradation settlements through a mass balance equa- tion. Some qualitative approaches concerning the time origin of secondary compression processes were addressed and used in the simulations. Strategies for obtaining model parameters are also presented and the main implications of biodegradation on settle- ment are discussed. The results predicted by the model are compared with laboratory and sanitary landfill data and reveal high levels of agreement between measured and calculated values.

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Afshan, Naheed, Maham Ghouri, Aliya Hayat, and Sayyada Ghufrana Nadeem. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of solid waste biodegrading microbes isolated from municipal waste dump site." Acta Brasiliensis 7, no. 1 (June 6, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338629.

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Solid waste dump site-based pollution is one of the colossal health concerns globally due to presence of cellulose, starch, protein, and lipids, which is a perfect nutrient waste for the development of biodegrading potential microbes. The current study aimed to determine the productive microorganisms for waste biodegradation. Ten samples were collected from different areas of Karachi waste dump sites. The identification and characterization of isolates were done by morphological and biochemical tests. The isolated microbes were qualitatively screened for the action of making industrially key bio-enzymes. The potential enzymes producing microbes were subjected to waste degradation test for 90 days. Changes of odor, color and weight loss of decomposing garbage were noted. The highest degradation ability in term of weight loss was shown by Aspergillus (SSI14) and Bacillus (SSI6). Four metals (zinc sulphate, cadmium chloride, copper sulphate and iron sulphate) were chosen for the purpose of metals tolerance test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolated microbial strains. Current study reported that Zn was found to be more lethal in in comparison to Cu and Fe. Molecular identification of the isolated microbes was done by polymerase chain reaction. The microbial strains were characterized by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by confirmation of product by agarose gel electrophoresis. The findings can be served as baseline data to develop microbial apparatus for biodegradation and management of solid waste.

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Sharma, Nivedita, K. Bansal, and B. Neopaney. "Enhanced biodegradation of forest waste under solid state fermentation by using a new modified technique." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-ypn6on.

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Forest waste belonging to Pinus roxburghii, Cedrus deodara, Quercus leucotrichophora and Robinia pseudoacacia was chosen due to its wide abundance in local forest for solid state fermentation (SSF) by coculture of hypercellulase and xylanase producing bacteria i.e. Bacillus licheniformis and B. coagulans isolated from the forest soil. In order to enhance the accessibility of forest lignocellulosic waste to the degrading enzymes, various physico-chemical pre-treatments were given to it. SSF mode of fermentation was preferred due to its tremendous potential to enhance the biodegradation of plant residue. The conventional SSF of lignocellulosic material was compared by developing a technique by replacing the moistening agent water with modified basal salt medium. This modified technique showed the promising results for degradation of plant biomass where biodegradation of forest waste was increased to a record level of (802.24%).

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Gautam, S. P., P. S. Bundela, A. K. Pandey, Jamaluddin, M. K. Awasthi, and S. Sarsaiya. "Diversity of Cellulolytic Microbes and the Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste by a Potential Strain." International Journal of Microbiology 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/325907.

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Municipal solid waste contains high amounts of cellulose, which is an ideal organic waste for the growth of most of microorganism as well as composting by potential microbes. In the present study, Congo red test was performed for screening of microorganism, and, after selecting a potential strains, it was further used for biodegradation of organic municipal solid waste. Forty nine out of the 250 different microbes tested (165 belong to fungi and 85 to bacteria) produced cellulase enzyme and among theseTrichoderma viridewas found to be a potential strain in the secondary screening. During the biodegradation of organic waste, after 60 days, the average weight losses were 20.10% in the plates and 33.35% in the piles. There was an increase in pH until 20 days. pH however, stabilized after 30 days in the piles. Temperature also stabilized as the composting process progressed in the piles. The high temperature continued until 30 days of decomposition, after which the temperature dropped to40°C and below during the maturation. Good quality compost was obtained in 60 days.

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Baltodano-Goulding, Rafael, and Alonso Poveda-Montoya. "Unsaturated seepage analysis for an ordinary solid waste sanitary landfill in Costa Rica." E3S Web of Conferences 382 (2023): 23001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338223001.

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Sanitary Landfills in tropical areas are subjected to specific conditions such as high temperatures, intense precipitation, and highly organic solid waste with high biodegradation rates. Unsaturated seepage inside the cells of an Ordinary Solid Waste (OSW) Sanitary Landfill in Costa Rica, Central America was studied. It is essential to better understand the seepage behavior for this type of disposal infrastructure due to its physical and hydraulic properties high variation and degradation of the deposited materials, which are complex and exhibit high uncertainty. It is imperative that leachate movement inside the cells of the landfill is accurately estimated to design more efficient systems and optimize the sanitary landfill operation. Field exploration was performed to extract samples from the field representing different OSW ages. Then, a series of laboratory testing was performed to obtain the physical, hydraulic properties, and biodegradation behavior of the OSW and cover soil such as specific gravity of the solids, grain size distribution, Soil-water characteristic curve, K-curve, and Atterberg limits. Additionally, climatic conditions affecting the degree of saturation were assessed by performing a water balance. This information was utilized to estimate flow rates for different scenarios using a HELP model, an empirical model, and two different models using the SlideTM software from RocscienceTM and later on compare them to actual field data available. The model that better predicted the actual flow rate was the HELP model.

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30

Feng, S. J., B. Y. Cao, Z. B. Bai, and Z. Y. Yin. "Constitutive model for municipal solid waste considering the effect of biodegradation." Géotechnique Letters 6, no. 4 (December 2016): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgele.15.00184.

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31

Kandula. P. K. Jayakody, Takayuki Shimaoka, and Teppei Komiya. "MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL SETTLEMENT MODEL CONSIDERING MICROBIAL KINETICS IN BIODEGRADATION." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) 68, no. 7 (2012): III_121—III_129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejer.68.iii_121.

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Murphy, R. J., D. E. Jones, and R. I. Stessel. "Relationship of Microbial Mass and Activity in Biodegradation of Solid Waste." Waste Management & Research 13, no. 5 (September 1995): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9501300507.

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Reddy, Krishna R., Hiroshan Hettiarachchi, Janardhanan Gangathulasi, and Jean E. Bogner. "Geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste at different phases of biodegradation." Waste Management 31, no. 11 (November 2011): 2275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.002.

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MURPHY, R., D. JONES, and R. STESSEL. "Relationship of microbial mass and activity in biodegradation of solid waste." Waste Management & Research 13, no. 5 (1995): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-242x(05)80026-6.

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35

Omoikhoje, S. O., R. A. Animashaun, and M. I. Edokpayi. "Enhancement of the nutritive values of some agro-industrial waste products by solid state fermentation." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i2.782.

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This study was conducted to determine the effect of biodegradation on the nutrient contents of rice bran (RB), cassava residual pulp (CRP), saw dust (SD) and palm oil fibre (POF) by Penicilium sp. RB, CRP, SD and POF were subjected to solid state fermentation by Penicilium sp. for 7 days and the process was terminated by oven drying at 700C for 24hours. The fermented samples were thoroughly mixed, dried and stored in sterile bottles for analyses. Results of proximate composition before and after biodegradation revealed that percentage improvement in crude protein, ether extract, ash, and gross energy were significantly (P<0.05) higher in CRP compared to RB, SD and POF. Similarly, percentage reduction in crude fibre after biodegradation was highest (P><0.05) in CRP compared to other agro industrial wastes products. It was evident that solid state fermentation using Penicillium sp enhanced the crude protein value and reduced the crude fibre contents of rice bran, cassava residual pulp, saw dust and palm oil fibre thereby increasing nutrient availability and their utilization as feed alternative ingredients for farm animal nutrition. ><0.05) higher in CRP compared to RB, SD and POF. Similarly, percentage reduction in crude fibre after biodegradation was highest (P<0.05) in CRP compared to other agro industrial wastes products. It was evident that solid state fermentation using Penicillium sp enhanced the crude protein value and reduced the crude fibre contents of rice bran, cassava residual pulp, saw dust and palm oil fibre thereby increasing nutrient availability and their utilization as feed alternative ingredients for farm animal nutrition.><0.05) n CRP compared to other agro industrial wastes products. It was evident that solid state fermentation using Penicillium sp enhanced the crude protein value and reduced the crude fibre contents of rice bran, cassava residual pulp, saw dust and palm oil fibre thereby increasing nutrient availability and their utilization as feed alternative ingredients for farm animal nutrition.

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36

Karnchanawong, Somjai, Takashi Ikeguchi, Seni Karnchanawong, and Suporn Koottatep. "Characteristics of leachate produced from simulation of landfill in a tropical country." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 9 (May 1, 1995): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0351.

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Four different heights of lysimeter were prepared to investigate the leachate characteristics produced from waste beds. The solid wastes from Chiang Mai municipal area were filled into the lysimeters with an inplace density of about 0.85 ton/m3. The experiment had been started for 853 days from May, 1990 to October, 1992. The leachates were collected every week to every month depending on the age of the waste and analysed for pH, conductivity, total solids, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total volatile solids, alkalinity, acidity, total volatile acid, Cl−, SO=4, BOD, COD, TOC, TKN and NH3−N. The results showed that conductivity, volatile acid, total solids, total volatile solids, COD, BOD and TOC were very high in the first rainy season or in the first dry season, after that, they decrease abruptly, and then gradually decrease until the end of the experiment. Acidity, alkalinity, suspended solids, TKN and NH3−N were high in the first rainy season and gradually decreased until the end of the experiment. High percentage reduction of acidity, volatile acid, COD, BOD and TOC concentrations in the leachate produced from lysimeters after one year of waste filling showed that the acidogenic phase of the biodegradation process had terminated and that the major portion of carbonaceous organic matter in the waste bed had been utilised within the first year of the experiment. For the deeper waste layer, nitrogenous compounds in the leachate produced after two years of waste filling were still high due to the low activity of nitrification in the waste bed. It was found that the shallower waste layer produced lower concentrations of pollutants in the leachate. Higher amounts of leachate volume and extracted substances per dry weight of wastes were produced from the shallower waste layer.

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37

Råberg, Ulrika, and Jonas Hafrén. "Biodegradation and appearance of plastic treated solid wood." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 62, no. 2 (September 2008): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2007.12.006.

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38

Greenwell, Mary, Mosharraf Sarker, and Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman. "Biosurfactant Production and Biodegradation of Leather Dust from Tannery." Open Biotechnology Journal 10, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701610010312.

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Background: The leather industry contributes vast amounts of pollution damaging to aquatic and terrestrial environments. Leather dust is a chromium-contaminated waste produced from the shaving and buffering processes involved in leather tanning. Microorganisms have been investigated for their usefulness in bioremediation and recycling of waste materials. Solid leather waste is the current focus of material to be remediated in this study. Objective: The present work focuses on the development of a process to degrade the leather dust protein with the aim of removing the chromium bound within the protein. As part of the study, detecting the presence of biosurfactant production was performed to fuel further interest in value-added by-products of the process. Method: Bacillus subtilis SA-6 was used to treat the leather dust over a 10 day shake flask study. Daily samples were taken and analysed for chromium content by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The surface tension of the shake flask cultures was also investigated to detect for any valuable by-products such as biosurfactants for future prospects of developing an economically viable process. Results: Chromium concentration demonstrated an exponential increase between 0-120 h in shake flask experiments. In the presence of B. subtilis SA-6 chromium concentration in cell free supernatant increased from 0.13±0.09 mg/L to 190.81±20.18 mg/L compared to when B. subtilis SA-6 was absent. Surface tension decreased during fermentation from 53.23±0.92 mN/m to 30.13±0.15 mN/m in 24 h. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a waste management process, which detoxifies solid tannery waste to reduce environmental pollution, whilst yielding value-added products (such as biosurfactant) to provide an economically viable bioprocess with potential for large-scale development.

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39

Mahmoud, Ali, Mohamed Sherif Zaghloul, Rania Ahmed Hamza, and Elsayed Elbeshbishy. "Comparing VFA Composition, Biomethane Potential, and Methane Production Kinetics of Different Substrates for Anaerobic Fermentation and Digestion." Fermentation 9, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9020138.

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Solid waste is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) today. The carbon footprint of landfills also has a large impact on global warming. Therefore, it is becoming more urgent to study the possibility of better environmentally friendly approaches for solid waste management and its safe disposal. The digestion of solid waste is a biological process that breaks down the organic content of the solid waste and thus stabilizes it. It also allows the recovery of valuable resources (such as biogas) and the utilization of stabilized waste in various industries. In this study, six substrates were studied to determine their biomethane potential (BMP) in anaerobic digestion. The substrates were fermented and digested anaerobically, and the biogas production was measured. The methane yield of food waste substrates had a higher methane yield between 354 and 347 mL/g-TCOD, and a biodegradability of 89–87%. Wastewater sludge substrates yielded between 324 and 288 mL/g-TCOD with a biodegradability of 81–73%. A kinetics analysis using first-order and Gompertz models was performed for biodegradation and methane production.

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40

MASLENNIKOV, Sergey S., Olga V. SELITSKAYA, and Dmitry V. SNEGIREV. "SCREENING ASSESSMENT OF LIGNINOLYTIC AND CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF BASIDIUM FUNGI STRAINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRAINS WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR WASTE FERMENTATION CATALYST “BIOVEL-FERMER”." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 31 (January 20, 2019): 738–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n31.2019.749_periodico31_pgs_738_754.pdf.

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Waste from agricultural animals (LHCSH, liquid and solid wastes from agricultural animals) causes severe environmental pollution; which is why many countries have national and regional programs to reduce the negative pressure of these wastes on the environmental state of the environment. The actual task of microbiology is the search for alternative methods of waste disposal, among which the most promising is composting. Unlike other ways of utilizing the LFA (liquid and solid wastes) of the SZHZH (agricultural animals) this method allows obtaining valuable biofertilizers and soil soils that are cheaper than traditional fertilizers. It has now been established that, for composting under production conditions, when only a limited number of microorganisms are possible, the conversion of the initial substrate is most effective when various heterotrophic organisms, in particular fungi with high cellulolytic and lignolytic potential, are used as bioactivators. Since the lignolytic and cellulose potentials are the main characteristics of basidiomycetes determining their biodegradation ability, the selection of effective "white rot" fungus strains will be carried out based on preliminary screening of their ligno- and cellulolytic activity.

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41

Kaviraj, Ramesh, Umesh Mridul, and Preethi Kathirvel. "Biodegradation of polypropylene films by Bacillus paralicheniformis and Lysinibacillus fusiformis isolated from municipality solid waste contaminated soil." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/257rjce7121.

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The fossil fuel or petroleum derived plastics are applied in our routine life because of their easy availability. Distribution and contamination of the plastics in the landfills are the major reasons for these biodegradation study. This current study reveals the biodegradation of polypropylene films and the growth of Bacillus paralicheniformis and Lysinibacillus fusiformis isolated from plastic contaminated soil collected from municipality solid waste management site. The degradation rate of PP films was confirmed by the results of biodegradation analysis. The growth of Bacillus paralicheniformis and Lysinibacillus fusiformis had shown OD values at 600nm after the degradation period of 4 weeks increasing from 0.131 to 0.334 and 0.148 to 0.213 respectively. The viable cell count increased from 8×104cells/ml to 12×104cells/ml and 10.1×104 cells/ml to 15.2×104 cells/ml respectively. The physical and chemical changes of PP films were confirmed by FT-IR and XRD analysis. These analysis confirmed that the bacterial strains have the ability to change the chemical and physical nature of PP films and can utilize the PP films as sole carbon source.

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42

Sun, Hongjun, Erchong Gao, and Aipeng Zhou. "Numerical simulation of uneven settlement of municipal solid waste landfill by FLAC 3D." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 40, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x211066703.

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After the landfill site is sealed, the uneven settlement is related to the safety of reutilisation of the site, and it is critical to calculate the uneven settlement of the site without error. In this article, the soil parameter of garbage body was changed with biodegradation. Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in three dimensions (FLAC 3D) numerical simulation was applied to the settlement of the landfill site closure. In calculating the settlement of landfill, the soil parameters of landfill with age were obtained by field drilling experiments. The parameters can reflect the characteristics of soil organic matter in different biodegradation stages. Finally, the uneven settlement within 20 years of the closure period was obtained by the numerical simulation taking Jinzhou Nanshan landfill as an example. The results show that the settlement with the age increases gradually, but the rate will be more and more moderate, and the maximum subsidence value in the sealing field after 20 years will be 9.11 m, 15.71% of the maximum elevation. Around the landfill slope position of uneven settlement rate is bigger, and the maximum angle of uneven settlement is up to 45°. But the middle position is small, which is close to 0°.

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43

De Cortázar, Amaya Lobo García, Javier Herrero Lantarón, Oscar Montero Fernández, Iñaki Tejero Monzón, and Maria Fantelli Lamia. "Modelling for environmental assessment of municipal solid waste landfills (Part II: Biodegradation)." Waste Management & Research 20, no. 6 (December 2002): 514–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x0202000605.

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44

Zhao, Yan Ru, Tie Jun Liu, Xiang Sheng Chen, Qiang Xie, and Li Ping Huang. "The effect of temperature on the biodegradation properties of municipal solid waste." Waste Management & Research 34, no. 3 (January 19, 2016): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x15622811.

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45

Ibuot, A. A., and A. Bajhaiya. "Biodegradation of Crude Oil Sludge Using Municipal Solid Waste as Bulking Agent." Asian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 4 (May 1, 2013): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2013.207.213.

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46

Limam, Intissar, Rim Driss Limam, Mohamed Mezni, Angéline Guenne, Céline Madigou, Mohamed Ridha Driss, Théodore Bouchez, and Laurent Mazeas. "Penta- and 2,4,6-tri-chlorophenol biodegradation during municipal solid waste anaerobic digestion." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 130 (August 2016): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.030.

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47

Liu, Xiaodong, Jianyong Shi, Xuede Qian, and Zhiqiang Liao. "Biodegradation Behavior of Municipal Solid Waste with Liquid Aspects: Experiment and Verification." Journal of Environmental Engineering 139, no. 12 (December 2013): 1488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000750.

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48

Miguel, Miriam Gonçalves, Bruno Cesar Mortatti, Jorge Luiz da Paixão Filho, and Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira. "Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Municipal Solid Waste Considering the Influence of Biodegradation." Journal of Environmental Engineering 144, no. 9 (September 2018): 04018080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001432.

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Salehpour, Shoboo, Mehdi Jonoobi, Masoud Ahmadzadeh, Valentina Siracusa, Fatemeh Rafieian, and Kristiina Oksman. "Biodegradation and ecotoxicological impact of cellulose nanocomposites in municipal solid waste composting." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 111 (May 2018): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.027.

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50

Ma, Yulong, Liqiong Wang, Lijia Liu, and Xinsha Zhang. "Biodegradation of tylosin residue in pharmaceutical solid waste by a novelCitrobacter amalonaticusstrain." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 34, no. 1 (March 14, 2014): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.11961.

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