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1
Ikegawa, Kazutaka, Kengo Miyara, Yuya Tachikawa, Stephen Matthew Lyth, Junko Matsuda, and Kazunari Sasaki. "Performance and Durability of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Air Electrodes Prepared By Various Conditions." ECS Transactions 109, no. 11 (September 30, 2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10911.0071ecst.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fuel electrode materials are important for achieving higher performance and durability in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), and reversible solid oxide cells (r-SOCs). On the other hand, the air electrode also faces performance and durability issues. For air electrodes, studies have been conducted on their performance and durability in SOFC operation, but the performance and durability of air electrodes in SOEC and r-SOC operation needs to be investigated in more detail. The electrochemical performance and durability of SOEC and r-SOC are evaluated by conducting electrolysis performance tests of LSCF-based air electrodes with different preparation conditions, electrolysis durability tests at the thermoneutral potential, and a 1000-cycle test in r-SOC mode.
2
Shao, Le, Shaorong Wang, Jiqin Qian, Yanjie Xue, and Renzhu Liu. "Fabrication of Cathode-supported Tubular Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell for High Temperature Steam Electrolysis." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 14, no. 3 (April 29, 2011): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v14i3.107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The cathode-supported tubular solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) fabricated by dip-coating and co-sintering techniques have been studied for high temperature steam electrolysis application. The microstructure and electrochemical performeances were investigated in both SOEC and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) modes. In SOFC model, the maximum power densitity reached 390.7, 311.0 and 248.3 mW cm-2 at 850, 800, and 700 °C, respectively, running with H2 (105 mL min-1) and O2 (70 mL min-1) as working gases. In SOEC mode, the results indicated that the steam ratio had a strong impact on the performance of the tubular SOEC, and it’s better to operate the tubular SOEC in high steam ratio. I-V curves and EIS results suggested that the microstructure of the tubular SOEC needs to be optimized for mass transportation.
3
Minh, Nguyen Q., and Kyung Joong Yoon. "(Invited) High-Temperature Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen and Syngas - Technology Status and Development Needs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491906mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technology has been considered and developed for production of hydrogen (from steam) and syngas (from mixtures of steam and carbon dioxide). The SOEC, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in reverse or electrolysis operating mode, is traditionally derived from the more technologically advanced SOFC. The SOEC uses the same materials and operates in the same temperature range (600˚-800˚C) as the conventional SOFC. The SOEC therefore has the advantages shown by the SOFC such as flexibility in cell and stack designs, multiple options in cell fabrication processes, and choice in operating temperatures. In addition, at the high operating temperature of the SOEC, the electrical energy required for the electrolysis is reduced and the unavoidable Joule heat is used in the splitting process. SOEC technology has made significant progress toward practical applications in the last several years. To date, SOEC single cells, multi-cell stacks and systems have been fabricated/built and operated. However, further improvements are needed for the SOEC in several areas relating to the key drivers (efficiency, reliability and cost) to enable commercialization. This paper provides an overview on the status of SOEC technology, especially zirconia based technology, and discusses R&D needs to move the technology toward practical applications and widespread uses.
4
Chen, Kongfa, Shu-Sheng Liu, Na Ai, Michihisa Koyama, and San Ping Jiang. "Why solid oxide cells can be reversibly operated in solid oxide electrolysis cell and fuel cell modes?" Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 46 (2015): 31308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp05065k.
Повний текст джерела
5
Milobar, Daniel G., Joseph J. Hartvigsen, and S. Elangovan. "A techno-economic model of a solid oxide electrolysis system." Faraday Discussions 182 (2015): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00015g.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid oxide cells can play a vital role in addressing energy and environmental issues. In fuel cell mode they are capable of producing electric energy at high efficiency using hydrocarbon fuels and in the electrolysis mode can produce hydrogen from steam or synthesis gas from a mixture of steam and carbon dioxide. The solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) can operate at a wide range of conditions. A capable means by which to select operating conditions in the application of solid oxide electrolyzers is a necessity for successful commercial operation. Power and efficiency can be determined over a wide range of operating conditions by applying fundamental electrochemical principles to a SOEC system. Operating conditions may be selected based on power requirements or with efficiency as a priority. Operating cost for electricity which is a function of both power and efficiency can also be used to determine optimal operating conditions. Performance maps based on closed form isothermal parametric models for both hydrogen and natural gas fueled SOFC stacks have been demonstrated previously. This approach applied to a SOEC stack is shown. This model was applied to generate performance maps for a solid oxide cell stack operated in the electrolysis mode. The functional form of the model and the boundaries of the operating envelope provide useful insight into the SOEC operating characteristics and a simple means of selecting conditions for electrolysis operation.
6
Zhang, Qian, Dalton Cox, Clarita Yosune Regalado Vera, Hanping Ding, Wei Tang, Sicen Du, Alexander F. Chadwick, et al. "Interface Problems in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 47 (October 9, 2022): 2425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02472425mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this talk, I introduce topics, that I have been working on, in solid oxide electrolysis cells involving complicated interfacial structures and dynamics of interfaces. Then I will focus on my recent work on nickel (Ni) particle migration in electrodes consisting of Ni, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and pores during the operation of oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (o-SOECs) and Faraday efficiency in proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (p-SOECs) under electrolysis operations. SOECs can have a significant impact on climate change over the next decade and beyond, in applications such as balancing renewable grid electricity via electrolytic fuel production. However, long-term performance degradation remains a key issue that may limit further implementation of O-SOECs, and the dependency of operation conditions on Faraday efficiency in P-SOECs has been under debate. In particular, in Ni/YSZ/pore electrode of O-SOEC, a phase-field model is proposed that employs the Ni-YSZ 3D microstructure as the initial condition and large-scale numerical simulation is implemented that predicts the directional Ni migration. The results are thus directly comparable to experimental observations. Quantitative predictions of the evolution of the Ni/YSZ/pore system's microstructures due to Ni particles' migration are studied through theoretical analysis and data analysis. In P-SOECs, an electrochemical model is proposed to study the dependency of Faraday efficiency on operation conditions for P-SOECs with yttrium-doped barium zirconates (BZY) and co-doping barium zirconate-cerate oxides with ytterbium and yttrium (BCZYYb) as electrolytes respectively. Our numerical predictions are verified by experimental results obtained in INL. An optimal structure of electrolyte is proposed to boost the Faraday efficiency in P-SOECs.
7
Cao, Xiao Guo, and Hai Yan Zhang. "Development of Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) Cathode Materials." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydrogen generation through high temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) has recently received increasingly international interest in the large-scale, highly efficient nuclear hydrogen production field. To achieve cost competitive electrolysis cells that are both high performing i.e. minimum internal resistance of the cell, and long-term stable, it is critical to develop electrode materials that are optimal for steam electrolysis. In this paper, the cathode materials of SOEC are reviewed. Ni-YSZ and Ni-SDC/GDC cermets are promising cathode materials for SOEC working at high temperature. The solid oxide matierials are promising cathode materials for SOEC working in atmospheres with low content of H2,e.g. in smaller scale generators used intermittently without H2 purging. More works, both experimental and theoretical, are needed to further develop SOEC cathode materials.
8
Yang, Zhibin, Ze Lei, Ben Ge, Xingyu Xiong, Yiqian Jin, Kui Jiao, Fanglin Chen, and Suping Peng. "Development of catalytic combustion and CO2 capture and conversion technology." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 8, no. 3 (June 2021): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-021-00444-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractChanges are needed to improve the efficiency and lower the CO2 emissions of traditional coal-fired power generation, which is the main source of global CO2 emissions. The integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) process, which combines coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells, was proposed in 2017 to improve the efficiency of coal-based power generation and reduce CO2 emissions. Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, the IGFC for near-zero CO2 emissions program was enacted with the goal of achieving near-zero CO2 emissions based on (1) catalytic combustion of the flue gas from solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks and (2) CO2 conversion using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). In this work, we investigated a kW-level catalytic combustion burner and SOEC stack, evaluated the electrochemical performance of the SOEC stack in H2O electrolysis and H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis, and established a multi-scale and multi-physical coupling simulation model of SOFCs and SOECs. The process developed in this work paves the way for the demonstration and deployment of IGFC technology in the future.
9
Zhao, Jianguo, Zihan Lin, and Mingjue Zhou. "Three-Dimensional Modeling and Performance Study of High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Metal Foam." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 7064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Optimizing the flow field of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) has a significant effect on improving performance. In this study, the effect of metal foam in high temperature SOEC electrolysis steam is investigated by a three-dimensional model. The simulation results show that the SOEC performance is improved by using metal foam as a gas flow field. The steam conversion rate of the SOEC increases from 72.21% to 76.18% and the diffusion flux of steam increases from 2.3 × 10−4 kg/(m2∙s) to 2.5 × 10−4 kg/(m2∙s) at 10,000 A/m2. In addition, the permeability, temperature, steam mole fraction, and gas utilization are investigated to understand the effect of the improved performance of the SOEC with metal foam. The results of this study provide a baseline for the optimal design of SOECs with metal foam.
10
Ling, Yihan, Luyang Chen, Bin Lin, Weili Yu, Tayirjan T. Isimjan, Ling Zhao та Xingqin Liu. "Synthesis and characterization of a Sr0.95Y0.05TiO3−δ-based hydrogen electrode for reversible solid oxide cells". RSC Advances 5, № 22 (2015): 17000–17006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11973h.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) can generate electricity as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) facing a shortage of electricity and can also store the electricity as solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) at the time of excessive electricity.
11
Zhu, Jian Xin, and Bo Yu. "Electrochemical Performance and Microstructural Characterization of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) through solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), a promising high-efficiency and zero-emission way to large-scale hydrogen production, has been received increasingly international interest. The hydrogen production efficiency of HTSE is more than 50%. In this paper, the electrochemical performance and microstructure change of single button cells operating in both fuel cell (SOFC) and electrolysis modes (SOEC) were studied at 850°C. Also, the degradation mechanisms of hydrogen electrodes were investigated. The results showed that OCV decreased from 0.944 V to 0.819 V when the steam content increased from 20% to 80%. The voltage began to increase rapidly at relatively higher current density for lower steam content because of steam starvation; however, steam starvation did not occur at higher steam content. The ASR data decreased from 1.68 to 0.645Ωcm2 with the increase of steam contents, while steam content had little effect on ASR data in SOFC mode. The polarization loss of the single cell was higher in electrolysis mode than that in fuel cell mode. The microstructure of the hydrogen electrode changed obviously after electrolysis process. Furthermore, the performance degraded at high steam partial pressure due to the oxidation of Ni grains at the interface of hydrogen electrode.
12
Hauch, A., R. Küngas, P. Blennow, A. B. Hansen, J. B. Hansen, B. V. Mathiesen, and M. B. Mogensen. "Recent advances in solid oxide cell technology for electrolysis." Science 370, no. 6513 (October 8, 2020): eaba6118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba6118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a world powered by intermittent renewable energy, electrolyzers will play a central role in converting electrical energy into chemical energy, thereby decoupling the production of transport fuels and chemicals from today’s fossil resources and decreasing the reliance on bioenergy. Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) offer two major advantages over alternative electrolysis technologies. First, their high operating temperatures result in favorable thermodynamics and reaction kinetics, enabling unrivaled conversion efficiencies. Second, SOECs can be thermally integrated with downstream chemical syntheses, such as the production of methanol, dimethyl ether, synthetic fuels, or ammonia. SOEC technology has witnessed tremendous improvements during the past 10 to 15 years and is approaching maturity, driven by advances at the cell, stack, and system levels.
13
Endo, Naoki, Takuro Fukumoto, Yuya Tachikawa, Stephen Matthew Lyth, Junko Matsuda, and Kazunari Sasaki. "Polarization Resistance of Ceria-Containing Fuel Electrodes in Solid Oxide Cells Studied By Impedance and DRT Analysis." ECS Transactions 109, no. 11 (September 30, 2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10911.0003ecst.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) can be used to perform steam electrolysis in a process which is the reverse of power generation using a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs). They are capable of highly efficient hydrogen production. In this study, various model fuel electrode materials were compared and evaluated over a wide range of current densities in both SOFC and SOEC modes. Here, we prepared three types of cells: (i) with a conventional Ni-scandia-stabilized-zirconia (Ni-ScSZ) cermet fuel electrode, (ii) with a Ni-gadolinia-doped ceria (Gd0.1Ce0.9O2, Ni-GDC) cermet fuel electrode, and (iii) with a Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode fabricated by the co-impregnation method. The electrode reactions are characterized through measurements of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and subsequent analysis of distribution of relaxation times (DRT). The results suggest that the use of mixed ionic and electronic conductor GDC as a fuel electrode material is advantageous especially in SOEC operation mode.
14
Kukk, Freddy, Priit Möller, Rait Kanarbik та Gunnar Nurk. "Study of Long-Term Stability of Ni-Zr0.92Y0.08O2-δ|Zr0.92Y0.08O2-δ|Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ |Pr0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ at SOFC and SOEC Mode". Energies 14, № 4 (4 лютого 2021): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040824.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Long term stability is one of the decisive properties of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as well as solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) materials from the commercialization perspective. To improve the understanding about degradation mechanisms solid oxide cells with different electrode compositions should be studied. In this work, Ni-Zr0.92Y0.08O2-δ (Ni-YSZ)| Zr0.92Y0.08O2-δ (YSZ)|Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (GDC)|Pr0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (PSC) cells are tested in the SOFC regime for 17,820 h at 650 °C, and in the SOEC regime for 860 h at 800 °C. The SOFC experiment showed a degradation speed of 2.4% per 1000 h at first but decreased to 1.1% per 1000 h later. The electrolysis test was performed for 860 h at 800 °C. The degradation speed was 16.3% per 1000 h. In the end of the stability tests, an electrode activity mapping was carried out using a novel 18O tracing approach. Average Ni grain sizes were measured and correlated with the results of the oxygen isotope maps. Results indicate that Ni coarsening is dependent on solid oxide cell activity. Strontium, chromium and silicon concentrations were also analyzed using the ToF-SIMS method and compared to the electrode activity map, but significant correlation was not observed.
15
Zhou, Mingyang, Zhijun Liu, Xiaomin Yan, Kai Tan, Fengyuan Tian, and Jiang Liu. "Simultaneous Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide and Partial Oxidation of Methane in a Solid Oxide Cell with Silver-Based Cathode and Nickel-Based Anode." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 034502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac554d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Simultaneous electrochemical reduction of CO2 and partial oxidation of CH4 in a solid oxide cell (CO2/CH4 redox SOC) with Ag-based cathode and Ni-based anode is compared with CO2 reduction in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (CO2-SOEC) and CH4 oxidation in a solid oxide fuel cell (CH4-SOFC). Overpotential losses from different sources and gases products from each electrode are analyzed. Results show that the process of a CO2/CH4 redox SOC is exactly a combination of the cathode process of a CO2-SOEC and the anode process of a CH4-SOFC. With the same CO and syngas obtained, a CO2/CH4 redox SOC consumes less energy because it avoids oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of a CO2-SOEC and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of a CH4-SOFC. At 500 mA cm−2, the overall resistance of an electrolyte-supported CO2/CH4 redox SOC is only half of that for separately reducing CO2 in an SOEC and oxidizing CH4 in an SOFC. The conversion of CH4 and yield of H2 in the SOC approach 81% and 63%, respectively. An anode-supported CO2/CH4 redox SOC is operated stably for 110 h at 1 A cm−2 under an applied voltage of ∼0.9 V. Sufficient current density may prevent high performance Ni-based anode from coking.
16
Zuo, Xiaodong, Zhiyi Chen, Chengzhi Guan, Kongfa Chen, Sanzhao Song, Guoping Xiao, Yuepeng Pang та Jian-Qiang Wang. "Molten Salt Synthesis of High-Performance, Nanostructured La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ Oxygen Electrode of a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell". Materials 13, № 10 (14 травня 2020): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanoscale perovskite oxides with enhanced electrocatalytic activities have been widely used as oxygen electrodes of reversible solid oxide cells (RSOC). Here, La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ (LSF) nanoscale powder is synthesized via a novel molten salt method using chlorides as the reaction medium and fired at 850 °C for 5 h after removing the additives. A direct assembly method is employed to fabricate the LSF electrode without a pre-sintering process at high temperature. The microstructure characterization ensures that the direct assembly process will not damage the porosity of LSF. When operating as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the LSF cell exhibits a peak power density of 1.36, 1.07 and 0.7 W/cm2 at 800, 750 and 700 °C, respectively, while in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) mode, the electrolysis current density reaches 1.52, 0.98 and 0.53 A/cm2 under an electrolysis voltage of 1.3 V, respectively. Thus, it indicates that the molten salt routine is a promising method for the synthesis of highly active perovskite LSF powders for directly assembled oxygen electrodes of RSOC.
17
Hernández, E., F. Baiutti, A. Morata, M. Torrell, and A. Tarancón. "Infiltrated mesoporous oxygen electrodes for high temperature co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 in solid oxide electrolysis cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 20 (2018): 9699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01045e.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last years high temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs) have emerged as a promising solution for energy conversion and storage. Oxygen electrodes based on mesoporous materials are proposed for enhancing the performance and durability of SOEC devices.
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Yang, Meiting, Changjiang Yang, Mingzhuang Liang, Guangming Yang, Ran Ran, Wei Zhou та Zongping Shao. "Solid Oxide Cells with Phase-Inversion Tape-Casted Hydrogen Electrode and SrSc0.175Nb0.025Co0.8O3−δ Oxygen Electrode for High-Performance Reversible Power Generation and Hydrogen Production". Molecules 27, № 23 (1 грудня 2022): 8396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid oxide cells (SOCs) have been considered as a promising energy conversion and storage device. However, state-of-the-art cells’ practical application with conventionally fabricated Ni-(Y2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 (YSZ) cermet hydrogen electrode and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 perovskite oxygen electrode is strongly limited by the unsatisfactory performance. Instead, new advances in cell materials and fabrication techniques that can lead to significant performance enhancements are urgently demanded. Here, we report a high-performance reversible SOC that consisted of a combination of SrSc0.175Nb0.025Co0.8O3−δ (SSNC) and phase-inversion tape-casted Ni-YSZ, which served as the oxygen and hydrogen electrode, respectively. The hydrogen electrode synthesized from phase-inversion tape-casting showed a high porosity of 60.8%, providing sufficient active sites for hydrogen oxidation in the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode and H2O electrolysis in the solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) mode. Accordingly, it was observed that the maximum power density of 2.3 W cm−2 was attained at 750 °C in SOFC mode and a current density of −1.59 A cm−2 was obtained at 1.3 V in SOEC mode. Hence, these results reveal that the simultaneous optimization of oxygen and hydrogen electrodes is a pragmatic strategy that improves the performance of SOCs, which may significantly accelerate the commercialization of such an attractive technology.
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Majnoni d’Intignano, Xavier, Davide Cademartori, Davide Clematis, Sabrina Presto, Massimo Viviani, Rodolfo Botter, Antonio Barbucci, Giacomo Cerisola, Gilles Caboche та M. Paola Carpanese. "Infiltrated Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ-Based Electrodes as Anodes in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells". Energies 13, № 14 (15 липня 2020): 3659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143659.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last decades, several works have been carried out on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technologies, as they are powerful and efficient devices for energy conversion and electrochemical storage. By increasing use of renewable sources, a discontinuous amount of electricity is indeed released, and reliable storage systems represent the key feature in such a future energy scenario. In this context, systems based on reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs) are gaining increasing attention. An rSOC is an electrochemical device that can operate sequentially between discharging (SOFC mode) and charging (SOEC mode); then, it is essential the electrodes are able to guarantee high catalytic activity, both in oxidation and reduction conditions. Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) has been widely recognized as one of the most promising electrode catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in SOFC technology because of its astonishing content of oxygen vacancies, even at room temperature. The purpose of this study is the development of BSCF to be used as anode material in electrolysis mode, maintaining enhanced energy and power density. Impregnation with a La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) discrete nanolayer is applied to pursue structural stability, resulting in a long lifetime reliability. Impedance spectroscopy measurements under anodic overpotential conditions are run to test BSCF and LSM-BSCF activity as the electrode in oxidation mode. The observed results suggest that BSCF is a very promising candidate as an oxygen electrode in rSOC systems.
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Mercado, Anna Romina T., Emmalin S. Mesina, Jennet R. Rabo, and Rinlee Butch M. Cervera. "Effect of Precursor Grain Size on the Sinterability and Conductivity of Commercial Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia as Solid Electrolyte." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) have been receiving significant attention for future energy storage and hydrogen production applications. This research focuses on the electrolyte material which can be used for both SOEC and SOFC particularly on 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) electrolyte material. YSZ has been used because of its high stability at elevated temperature, excellent mechanical and chemical properties and its excellent oxygen ion conductivity. This study aims to determine the effect of precursor’s grain size and sintering temperature on the properties of YSZ as electrolyte material for SOEC. Solid-state sintering was done to transform the ceramic powders into solid compacts. Pure cubic fluorite structure YSZ was achieved by both micrograined and nanograined YSZ sintered at 1200°C and 1500°C. It was observed that the micrograined YSZ sample sintered at 1500°C achieved the highest relative density at 99.48%. SEM images showed a smooth and compact microstructure for micrograined YSZ while small pores were still present in the micrographs of nanograined YSZ. However, interestingly, the nanograined YSZ has higher total conductivity as compared to the micrograined YSZ.
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Lei, Libin, Zetian Tao, Xiaoming Wang, John P. Lemmon, and Fanglin Chen. "Intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells with thin proton-conducting electrolyte and a robust air electrode." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 44 (2017): 22945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta05841a.
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Yang, Xiaoxing, He Miao, Baowei Pan, Ming Chen та Jinliang Yuan. "In-Situ Synthesis of Sm0.5Sr0.5Co0.5O3-δ@Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 Composite Oxygen Electrode for Electrolyte-Supported Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (RSOC)". Energies 15, № 6 (16 березня 2022): 2178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oxygen electrode has a crucial impact on the performance of reversible solid oxide cells (RSOC), especially in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) mode. Herein, Sm0.5Sr0.5Co0.5O3-δ@Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (5SSC@5SDC) composite material has been fabricated by the in-situ synthesis method and applied as the oxygen electrode for RSOCs with scandium stabilized zirconia (SSZ) electrolyte. The phase structures, thermal expansion coefficients, and micromorphologies of 5SSC@5SDC have all been further analyzed and discussed. 5SSC@5SDC is composed of a skeleton with large SDC particles in the diameter range of 200~300 nm and many fine SSC nanoparticles coated on the skeleton. Thanks to the special microstructure of 5SSC@5SDC, the electrolyte-supported RSOC with SSC@SDC oxygen electrode shows a polarization resistance of only 0.69 Ω·cm2 and a peak power density of 0.49 W·cm−2 at 800 °C with hydrogen as the fuel in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode. In addition, the electrolysis current density of RSOC with SSC@SDC can reach 0.40 A·cm−2 at 1.30 V in SOEC model, being much higher than that with the SSC-SDC (SSC and SDC composite prepared by physical mixing). RSOC with 5SSC@5SDC shows an improved stability in SOEC model comparing with that with SSC-SDC. The improved performance indicates that 5SSC@5SDC prepared by the in-situ synthesis may be a promising candidate for RSOC oxygen electrode.
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Adjah-Tetteh, Christabel, Yudong Wang, Yanhua Sun, Zhiyong Jia, Xingwen Yu, and Xiao-Dong Zhou. "A Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) with High Current Density and Energy Efficiency for Hydrogen Production." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491956mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water splitting with solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) has gained increasing attention as an efficient, affordable, and sustainable technology for hydrogen production. Since electricity represents the bulk of projected hydrogen cost for operating SOECs, enhancing the utilization efficiency of electricity (electrochemical energy efficiency) is critical to reach the cost-effective milestone for cell/electrolyzer development. In this study, we present a SOEC design with an ultra-thin solid electrolyte (based on an yttria-stabilized zirconia material) layer as well as an electrode support layer with reduced thickness to minimize the cell resistance. The thin electrolyte and electrode-support layers were fabricated with our optimized tape casting process. In addition to reducing the cell resistance, the implementation of thin electrolyte and electrode-support layers offers a facile and short path for gas diffusion, which can reduce the efficiency loss caused by diffusion. With our optimized cell configuration design, a high electrolysis current density was achieved at 750 oC. Over the process of cell-configuration optimization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and microscopic analysis were systematically performed on the cell and cell components to rationalize the cell architecture toward accessing high electrochemical performance and high energy efficiency of the SOEC. The relevant analysis strategies and results will be presented as well.
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Kupecki, Jakub, Konrad Motyliński, Marek Skrzypkiewicz, Michał Wierzbicki, and Yevgeniy Naumovich. "Preliminary Electrochemical Characterization of Anode Supported Solid Oxide Cell (AS-SOC) Produced in the Institute of Power Engineering Operated in Electrolysis Mode (SOEC)." Archives of Thermodynamics 38, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2017-0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The article discusses the operation of solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOC) developed in the Institute of Power Engineering as prospective key components of power-to-gas systems. The fundamentals of the solid oxide cells operated as fuel cells (SOFC - solid oxide fuel cells) and electrolysers (SOEC - solid oxide fuel cells) are given. The experimental technique used for electrochemical characterization of cells is presented. The results obtained for planar cell with anodic support are given and discussed. Based on the results, the applicability of the cells in power-to-gas systems (P2G) is evaluated.
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Akter, Ayesha, Jane Banner, and Srikanth Gopalan. "(Invited) Reversible Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells for Grid Scale Storage of Renewable Energy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491909mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Incorporating more renewables into our energy mix is the central challenge that confronts our transition to a carbon free economy. Reversible solid oxide electrochemical cells (rSOCs) when operated alternately as fuel cell power systems and as electrolysis systems, enable the incorporation and integration of far greater amounts of solar and wind energy into our power grid. As standalone systems, they can also function as distributed generation systems thereby decreasing our reliance on the power grid. In this talk, we present recent results on rSOCs based on rare earth nickelate – rare-earth doped ceria composite oxygen electrodes that exhibit excellent cycling behavior when operated reversibly in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrochemical cell (SOEC) modes of operation. The degradation in such cells is significantly mitigated by mode-switching operation when compared to operating in single mode operation in electrolysis mode. By comparing distributed relaxation times (DRT) analysis of impedance spectra obtained from single-mode (electrolysis) operated cells, and cells operated in switched-modes, we obtain clues into cell degradation mechanisms.
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Fu, Zaiguo, Yongwei Li, Xiaotian Liang, Long Wang, and Qunzhi Zhu. "Performance Prediction of a Hydrogen Production System Based on PV/T Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019402029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the rapid development of hydrogen production technology by using solar energy, the research of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) and Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) system have become popular. A design scheme of hydrogen production system based on PV/T technology was proposed. The electrolytic cell combined photovoltaic panels, trough solar collectors and multiple heat exchagers to improve the overall efficiency of the hydrogen production system. The efficiency was predicted based on empirical models. The results showed that the hydrogen production efficiency of SOEC increased with increasing temperature and with decreasing current density. However, the balance between energy efficiency and hydrogen production rate of SOEC needed to be taken into account. The predicted hydrogen production efficiency of SOEC and overall system efficiency also agreed well with the results available in literature.
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Schiller, Günter, Asif Ansar, and Olaf Patz. "High Temperature Water Electrolysis Using Metal Supported Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC)." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metal supported cells as developed at DLR for use as solid oxide fuel cells by applying plasma deposition technologies were investigated in operation of high temperature steam electrolysis. The cells consisted of a porous ferritic steel support, a diffusion barrier layer, a Ni/YSZ fuel electrode, a YSZ electrolyte and a LSCF oxygen electrode. During fuel cell and electrolysis operation the cells were electrochemically characterised by means of i-V characteristics and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements including a long-term test over 2000 hours. The results of electrochemical performance and long-term durability tests of both single cells and single repeating units (cell including metallic interconnect) are reported. During electrolysis operation at an operating temperature of 850 °C a cell voltage of 1.28 V was achieved at a current density of -1.0 A cm-2; at 800 °C the cell voltage was 1.40 V at the same operating conditions. The impedance spectra revealed a significantly enhanced polarisation resistance during electrolysis operation compared to fuel cell operation which was mainly attributed to the hydrogen electrode. During a long-term test run of a single cell over 2000 hours a degradation rate of 3.2% per 1000 hours was observed for operation with steam content of 43% at 800 °C and a current density of -0.3 Acm-2. Testing of a single repeating unit proved that a good contacting of cell and metallic interconnect is of major importance to achieve good performance. A test run over nearly 1000 hours showed a remarkably low degradation rate.
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Fu, Zaiguo, Zijing Wang, Yongwei Li, Jingfa Li, Yan Shao, Qunzhi Zhu, and Peifen Weng. "Effects of Composite Electrode Structure on Performance of Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 7173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The composite electrode structure plays an important role in the optimization of performance of the intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (IT-SOEC). However, the structural influence of the composite electrode on the performance of IT-SOEC is not clear. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional macroscale model coupled with the mesoscale model based on percolation theory. We describe the electrode structure on a mesoscopic scale, looking at the electrochemical reactions, flow, and mass transport inside an IT-SOEC unit with a composite electrode. The accuracy of this multi-scale model was verified by two groups of experimental data. We investigated the effects of operating pressure, volume fraction of the electrode phase, and particle diameter in the composite electrode on electrolysis reaction rate, overpotential, convection/diffusion flux, and hydrogen mole fraction. The results showed that the variation in the volume fraction of the electrode phase had opposite effects on the electrochemical reaction rate and multi-component diffusion inside the composite electrode. Meanwhile, an optimal range of 0.8–1 for the particle diameter ratio was favorable for hydrogen production. The analysis of IT-SOEC with composite electrodes using this multi-scale model enables the subsequent optimization of cell performance and composite electrode structure.
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Riester, Christian Michael, Gotzon García, Nerea Alayo, Albert Tarancón, Diogo M. F. Santos, and Marc Torrell. "Business Model Development for a High-Temperature (Co-)Electrolyser System." Fuels 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 392–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fuels3030025.
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There are increasing international efforts to tackle climate change by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. As such, the use of electrolytic hydrogen as an energy carrier in decentralised and centralised energy systems, and as a secondary energy carrier for a variety of applications, is projected to grow. Required green hydrogen can be obtained via water electrolysis using the surplus of renewable energy during low electricity demand periods. Electrolysis systems with alkaline and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology are commercially available in different performance classes. The less mature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) promises higher efficiencies, as well as co-electrolysis and reversibility functions. This work uses a bottom-up approach to develop a viable business model for a SOEC-based venture. The broader electrolysis market is analysed first, including conventional and emerging market segments. A further opportunity analysis ranks these segments in terms of business attractiveness. Subsequently, the current state and structure of the global electrolyser industry are reviewed, and a ten-year outlook is provided. Key industry players are identified and profiled, after which the major industry and competitor trends are summarised. Based on the outcomes of the previous assessments, a favourable business case is generated and used to develop the business model proposal. The main findings suggest that grid services are the most attractive business sector, followed by refineries and power-to-liquid processes. SOEC technology is particularly promising due to its co-electrolysis capabilities within the methanol production process. Consequently, an “engineering firm and operator” business model for a power-to-methanol plant is considered the most viable option.
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Borm, Oliver, and Stephen B. Harrison. "Reliable off-grid power supply utilizing green hydrogen." Clean Energy 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab025.
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Abstract Green hydrogen produced from wind, solar or hydro power is a suitable electricity storage medium. Hydrogen is typically employed as mid- to long-term energy storage, whereas batteries cover short-term energy storage. Green hydrogen can be produced by any available electrolyser technology [alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC), polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), anion exchange membrane (AEM), solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC)] if the electrolysis is fed by renewable electricity. If the electrolysis operates under elevated pressure, the simplest way to store the gaseous hydrogen is to feed it directly into an ordinary pressure vessel without any external compression. The most efficient way to generate electricity from hydrogen is by utilizing a fuel cell. PEM fuel cells seem to be the most favourable way to do so. To increase the capacity factor of fuel cells and electrolysers, both functionalities can be integrated into one device by using the same stack. Within this article, different reversible technologies as well as their advantages and readiness levels are presented, and their potential limitations are also discussed.
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Marchand, Olivier, Elise Saoutieff, Pierre Bertrand, Marie-Pierre Planche, Olivier Tingaud, and Ghislaine Bertrand. "Suspension Plasma Spraying to Manufacture Electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC)." ECS Transactions 25, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3205570.
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Si, Xiaoqing, Xiaoyang Wang, Chun Li, Tong Lin, Junlei Qi, and Jian Cao. "Joining 3YSZ Electrolyte to AISI 441 Interconnect Using the Ag Particle Interlayer: Enhanced Mechanical and Aging Properties." Crystals 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121573.
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Reactive air brazing has been widely used in fabricating solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cell (SOFC/SOEC) stacks. However, the conventional Ag–CuO braze can lead to (I) over oxidation at the steel interconnect interface caused by its adverse reactions with the CuO and (II) many voids caused by the hydrogen-induced decomposition of CuO. The present work demonstrates that the Ag particle interlayer can be used to join yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes to AISI 441 interconnect in air instead of Ag–CuO braze. Reliable joining between YSZ and AISI 441 can be realized at 920 °C. A dense and thin oxide layer (~2 μm) is formed at the AISI 441 interface. Additionally, an interatomic joining at the YSZ/Ag interface was observed by TEM. Obtained joints displayed a shear strength of ~86.1 MPa, 161% higher than that of the joints brazed by Ag–CuO braze (~33 MPa). After aging in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres (800 °C/300 h), joints remained tight and dense, indicating a better aging performance. This technique eliminates the CuO-induced issues, which may extend lifetimes for SOFC/SOEC stacks and other ceramic/metal joining applications.
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Milewski, Jarosław, Marcin Wołowicz, and Janusz Lewandowski. "Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Systems — Variant Analysis of the Structures and Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.106.
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The paper presents a variant analysis of the structure of SOEC systems. The main parameters of such systems are indicated and commented. The comparison of various configurations is shown in terms of efficiency obtained. High efficiency (70%) hydrogen generation seems possible with systems like these.
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Yamada, Kei, Yuya Tachikawa, Stephen Matthew Lyth, Junko Matsuda, and Kazunari Sasaki. "Ni-Alloy Fuel Electrodes for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells." ECS Transactions 109, no. 11 (September 30, 2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10911.0063ecst.
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Reversible solid oxide cells (r-SOCs) are devices that can operate efficiently in both fuel cell and electrolysis operation modes. Nickel is widely used as an anode in conventional solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), but this agglomerates due to redox cycling, leading to irreversible performance degradation, making it unsuitable for r-SOCs. Here, we apply alternative electrodes to r-SOCs, in which Ni-Co alloy functions as a catalyst and an electronic conductor, whilst Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 (GDC) functions as a mixed ionic-electronic conductor. The electrochemical performance of these Ni-Co-GDC electrodes and their reverse-operation durability in r-SOCs are evaluated, and the effect of varying the amount of Co is investigated, compared with conventional cermet fuel electrodes. These novel materials exhibit high electrochemical performance and durability against SOFC/SOEC reverse-operation cycling.
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Ikegawa, Kazutaka, Kengo Miyara, Yuya Tachikawa, Stephen Matthew Lyth, Junko Matsuda, and Kazunari Sasaki. "Performance and Durability of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Air Electrodes Prepared By Various Conditions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 47 (October 9, 2022): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02471782mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction Fuel electrode materials are important for achieving higher performance and durability of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC), and Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (r-SOCs). On the other hand, the air electrode also faces performance and durability issues. For example, the diffusion of Sr ions from the air electrode materials has been reported.1, 2 In SOECs, if electrolysis can be performed at a thermoneutral potential balancing heat absorption by electrolysis and heat generation by the internal resistance of the electrolysis cell, hydrogen can be generated theoretically without heat supply. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the electrochemical performance and durability of the SOECs by conducting electrolysis performance tests of LSCF-based air electrodes with different preparation conditions, and electrolysis durability tests at the thermoneutral potential. Experimental Each test was conducted using a cell with a scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte (ScSZ, 200 µm thick) as a substrate. For the fuel electrode, Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode was used3. A mixture of Ni(NO3)2･6H2O, Gd(NO3)3･6H2O, and Ce(NO3)3･6H2O was impregnated into the porous LST-GDC framework, a mixture of LST powder (La0.1Sr0.9TiO3) and GDC powder (Gd0.9Ce0.1O₃). LSCF, (La0.6Sr0.4)(Co0.2Fe0.8)O3, was used for the air electrodes. GDC was inserted between the LSCF layer and the electrolyte plate as a buffer layer. In fabricating air electrodes, four types of air electrodes were applied, at shown in Table 1. For the electrochemical measurements of the air electrodes, Pt reference electrode was attached to the electrolyte on the fuel electrode side, and the voltage terminals of the electrochemical measurement system were connected between the reference electrode and the air electrode to measure air electrode voltage. In the performance tests, the voltage (potential) and impedance of the air electrode were measured at operating temperatures of 800°C, 750°C, and 700°C. In the durability tests, the air electrode was maintained at thermoneutral potentials at 800°C and 700°C (1.286 V and 1.283 V, respectively), and the voltage and impedance of the air electrodes were measured before and after the durability tests to evaluate the degradation of the air electrodes. Results and discussion Figure 1 shows the air electrode voltage obtained from the performance tests at each operating temperature for the four types of air electrodes shown in Table 1. First, regarding the dependence of the electrolysis performance on operating temperature, an increase in air electrode voltage (degradation of the air electrode) was found at 800°C.The increase in air electrode voltage with current density was almost linear, but at lower operating temperatures, the increase in air electrode voltage at lower current densities becomes larger. In other words, the I-V curve was rather ohmic at 800°C, but non-ohmic at 700°C. Figure 2 shows the results of an 80-hour durability test at different temperatures. The current density of the cell corresponding to the thermoneutral potential was -0.298 Acm-2 when operated at 800°C and -0.018 Acm-2 when operated at 700°C.The degradation rate was calculated from the difference in air electrode voltage before and after the performance and durability test at these current densities: 0.172% at 800°C and 0.792% at 700℃. The degradation rate increased as the operating temperature decreased in the SOEC mode, despite the low current density. Microstructural observation of the air electrode after the durability test showed that Sr diffused to the LSCF/GDC interface similar to SOFCs mode4, and that the diffusion of Sr was accelerated at 700°C. In addition, Co diffusion was also observed. Such diffusion may occur during LSCF firing process and/or during SOEC operation. More detailed investigation is in progress. Acknowledgements This research was supported in part by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). We thank all parties involved. References (1) V. Subotić, S. Futamura, G. F. Harrington, J. Matsuda, K. Natsukoshi, and K. Sasaki, J. Power Sources, 492, 229600 (2021). (2) S. P. Simner, M. D. Anderson, M. H. Engelhard, and J. W. Stevenson, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 9 A478 (2006). (3) K. Natsukoshi, K. Miyara, Y. Tachikawa, J. Matsuda, S. Taniguchi, G. F. Harrington, and K. Sasaki, ECS Trans., 03, 203 (2021). (4) S. Kanae, Y. Toyofuku, T. Kawabata, Y. Inoue, T. Daio, J. Matsuda, J,-T. Chou, Y. Shiratori, S. Taniguchi, and K. Sasaki, ECS Trans., 68, 2463 (2015). Figure 1
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Endo, Naoki, Takuro Fukumoto, Yuya Tachikawa, Stephen Matthew Lyth, Junko Matsuda, and Kazunari Sasaki. "Polarization Resistance of Ceria-Containing Fuel Electrodes in Solid Oxide Cells Studied By Impedance and DRT Analysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 47 (October 9, 2022): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02471748mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), which enables steam electrolysis by reversely operating solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), is capable of highly efficient hydrogen production. Whilst SOFC and SOEC are using similar materials and cell structures, electrode reactions in SOEC operation have to be studied in more details. In our previous study [1], Ni-ScSZ cermet, widely used as SOFC fuel electrodes, exhibited a tendency where electrode resistance increases at a low absolute current density in SOEC operation, while Ni-GDC co-impregnated cells fabricated by the impregnation method exhibited sufficient performance in a wide current density range. Here in this study, various model fuel electrode materials were evaluated and compared in a wide current density range in the SOFC and SOEC modes under the same measurement conditions. Electrode reactions are evaluated through measurements of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and subsequent analysis of distribution of relaxation times (DRT). Experimental Three types of cells with different fuel electrodes were prepared: Ni-ScSZ cermet fuel electrode; Ni-GDC cermet fuel electrode; and Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode. The Ni-GDC cermet fuel electrodes were fabricated using gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC), widely known as a mixed ionic electronic conductor, besides a pure ionic conductor ScSZ. The Ni-GDC co-impregnated cell was fabricated by preparing a composite electrode backbone of GDC and La-doped SrTiO3 (LST), followed by impregnation of the catalyst particles, Ni and GDC. La-Sr-Ti oxides are known to exhibit sufficient stability in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres [2, 3]. Moreover, co-impregnated fuel electrodes have shown high tolerance against highly-humidified hydrogen fuel and redox durability [4]. Electrode resistances were separated into the ohmic resistance and the nonohmic polarization resistance through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Impedance measurements were made by using an impedance analyzer (1255WB, Solartron, UK) in a frequency range between 0.1 Hz and 1 MHz. The fuel, 50%-humidified H2, was supplied to the fuel electrode. The operating temperature was 800 °C. To characterize the electrode processes in both SOFC and SOEC modes, impedance measurements were performed by applying stepwise changes in current density up to ±1.2 A cm-2, for every 0.2 A cm-2. The DRT analysis of the EIS data was performed using a numerical calculation program based on Tikhonov regularization (Z-Assist, Toyo Corporation, Japan) to separate electrochemical processes involved in the electrode reactions. Results and discussion The polarization resistances obtained by the EIS measurements are shown in Fig. 1. The Ni-ScSZ cermet fuel electrode (Fig. 1 (a)) exhibited unique polarization resistance in the SOEC mode. With increasing the absolute value of current density in the SOEC mode, polarization resistance increased significantly at first, reaching a maximum value at -0.4 A cm-2, then decreased. In contrast, for the Ni-GDC cermet fuel electrode (Fig. 1 (b)), polarization resistance increased only slightly with increasing current density in the SOEC mode, and overall polarization resistance remained low. This tendency was also seen for the Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode (Fig. 1 (c)), where such increase in polarization resistance was further suppressed. Such increase and decrease in polarization resistance observed for the Ni-ScSZ cermet have to be explained by different mechanisms (at least two opposite factors). One possible explanation could be that the reduced and recovered catalytic activity due to e.g. oxidation and reduction of the Ni catalyst surface. The presence of GDC in the fuel electrode has a positive effect reducing the polarization resistance in the SOEC mode. The electrode reaction area may be extended beyond the Ni surface and/or the triple phase boundaries. Furthermore, the Ce ion in ceria undergoes a valence change, which may promote flexible surface exchange reactions, and surface reactions on the Ni catalysts. For the SOEC operation, it will be desirable to clarify the effects of GDC in the r-SOC electrode reactions. Acknowledgments A part of this study was supported by “Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy Technologies Through International Collaboration” of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) (Contract No.20001460-0). Collaborative support by Prof. H. L. Tuller, Prof. B. Yildiz, and Prof. J. L. M. Rupp at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is gratefully acknowledged. References N. Endo, T. Fukumoto, R. Ushijima, K. Natsukoshi, Y. Tachikawa, J. Matsuda, S. Taniguchi, and K. Sasaki, ECS Trans., 103(1), 1981 (2021). Q. Ma and F. Tietz, Solid State Ionics, 225, 108 (2012). G. Chen, H. Kishimoto, K. Yamaji, K. Kuramoto, and T. Horita, J. Electrochem. Soc., 162(3), F223 (2014). S. Futamura, A. Muramoto, Y. Tachikawa, J. Matsuda, S. M. Lyth, Y, Shiratori, S. Taniguchi, and K. Sasaki, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 44(16), 8502 (2019). Figure 1
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Bi, Lei, Shahid P. Shafi, and Enrico Traversa. "Y-doped BaZrO3as a chemically stable electrolyte for proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs)." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 11 (2015): 5815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta07202b.
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Schiller, G., A. Ansar, M. Lang, and O. Patz. "High temperature water electrolysis using metal supported solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOEC)." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 39, no. 2 (October 7, 2008): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-008-9672-6.
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Jin, Xinfang, Korey Cook, Jacob A. Wrubel, Zhiwen Ma, Puvikkarasan Jayapragasam, and Kevin Huang. "Modeling Electrokinetics of Oxygen Electrodes in Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (July 7, 2022): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391744mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High temperature solid oxide electrolyzers operated at >600oC are advantageous from a thermodynamic perspective since heat (TDS) can be converted into chemical energy (DH) [1]. This additional heat reduces the overall electrical power (DG) requirement, allowing an electrolysis cell to achieve ~100% efficient H2 production [1]. Since the thermal energy contribution to the electrolysis reaction can also be obtained from sensible Joule heating produced within the cell, the electrical energy demand is further reduced which decreases the H2 production price. The bulk of the heat can be provided by an external source such as nuclear power, solar thermal power, or waste heat from a chemical plant. Theoretically, there is no external heat requirement if the electrolyzers operate at the thermoneutral voltage. Due to the above advantages, the research and development on solid oxide-based water electrolyzers have received significant attention [1–6]. This work focuses on physics-based modeling of high temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC). A microscale model is presented to simulate electrode kinetics of the oxygen electrode in a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC). Two mixed ionic/electronic conducting structures are examined for the oxygen producing electrode in this work: single layer porous lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), and bilayer LSCF/SCT (strontium cobalt tantalum oxide) structures. An yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte separates the hydrogen and oxygen electrodes, as well as a gadolinium doped-ceria (GDC) buffer layer on the oxygen electrode side. Electrochemical reactions [7-8] occurring at the two-phase boundaries (2PBs) and three-phase boundaries (3PBs) of single-layer LSCF and bilayer LSCF/SCT oxygen electrodes are modeled under various SOEC voltages with lattice oxygen stoichiometry as the key output. The results reveal that there exists a competition in electrode kinetics between 2PBs and 3PBs, but 3PBs are the primary reactive sites for single-layer LSCF oxygen electrode under high voltages. These locations experience the greatest oxygen stoichiometry variations and are therefore the most likely locations for dimensional changes. By applying an active SCT layer over LSCF, the 2PBs become activated to compete with the 3PBs, thus alleviating oxygen stoichiometry variations and reducing the likelihood of dimensional change. This strategy could reduce lattice structural expansion, proving to be valuable for electrode-electrolyte delamination prevention and will be the focus of future work. Figure 1
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Nakashima, Yuhei, Yuya Tachikawa, and Kanzunari Sasaki. "Design Optimization of Highly Efficient SOEC Co-Electrolysis Processes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 47 (October 9, 2022): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02471754mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction Research is underway to produce synthetic fuels such as hydrocarbon fuels by reacting hydrogen derived from renewable energy with carbon dioxide and other substances, and their use towards a decarbonized society is being considered.1 In this study, we focus on high-temperature co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O using a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), which is one of the promising CO2 conversion technologies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the electrolysis process and operating conditions on the fuel synthesis process based on heat and mass balance analysis and to propose designs for a new fuel production system. Experimental A commercial chemical process simulation software Aspen Plus was used to simulate a fuel synthesis process using SOEC high-temperature co-electrolysis. In this simulation, H2O and CO2 were considered to be supplied to the SOEC for co-electrolysis, and a fuel synthesis process such as a CH4 production reactor was connected to the outlet of the SOEC to calculate the overall system efficiency. Figure 1 describes an SOEC and a fuel synthesis reactor of the SOEC high-temperature co-electrolysis process created by Aspen Plus. Results and discussion Figure 2 shows one of the simulation results calculated using the process model shown in Figure 1, where the operating temperature of the SOEC is 800 ℃ and the reaction pressure is 1 bar. Figure 2 shows the change in gas composition after the co-electrolysis process in the SOEC by varying H2O flow rate from 1 to 5 mol min-1 relative to CO2 flow rate of 1 mol min-1. As shown in Figure 2, the conversion rate of CO2 to CO increases with increasing H2O flow rate due to the reverse water-gas shift reaction, and the ratio of H2O to CO peaked at H2O/CO2=2, and then gradually decreased. Since the ratio of these gases affects the efficiency of fuel synthesis to CH4 and other downstream gases, we have studied the appropriate fuel synthesis ratio based on the simulation results. In this presentation, we report on the results of the performance evaluation of co-electrolysis and fuel synthesis process based on the obtained simulation results, by conducting electrolysis tests using SOEC cells and evaluating cell performance and downstream gas composition under different operating conditions, based on actual experimental results. Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21K04981. Figure 1
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Sun, Yanhua, Christabel Adjah-Tetteh, Yudong Wang, Zhiyong Jia, Xingwen Yu, and Xiao-Dong Zhou. "Achieving High-Efficiency CO2 Electro-Conversion in a Solid Oxide Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491939mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been steadily increasing since the beginning of human civilization. The greenhouse effect and climate change aroused by the cumulative CO2 are severely impacting the global sustainable development and pose serious concerns for our future life. Strategies toward reducing the CO2 level encompass a series of processes of carbon capture, storage, utilization, and conversion; among them the conversion of CO2 to fuels and valuable chemicals is appealing toward the development of new sustainable technologies. As the highest oxidized form of carbon, CO2 is thermodynamically stable. The breaking of its strong C=O double bonds is an endergonic process, which requires highly active and expensive catalysts for activation at ambient temperatures. Therefore, conversion of CO2 with high-temperature electrolysis technologies represents a promising strategy, which is garnering increasing attention. In this study, we present a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOECs) design for high-efficiency CO2 conversion. The fuel electrode in an SOEC is a critical component where CO2 reduction occurs. Therefore, we focus on the design and optimization of the fuel electrode from the perspectives of chemistry (composition) and architecture (especially the thickness) to enhance the efficiency of CO2 electrolysis. A Ni-based cermet layer was developed as an ideal CO2/CO fuel electrode, based on which the cell architecture was strategically optimized with prototype Ni-YSZ/YSZ/GDC/LSCF cells (YSZ: yttria-stabilized zirconia; GDC: gadolinium-doped ceria; LSCF: lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite). Over the course of optimization, the Ni-YSZ cermet fuel electrode was methodologically fabricated with various thickness and the cells were operated at contracting temperatures. Meanwhile, the fuel was managed with different ratios of CO2 to CO and the O2 was supplied with different flow rates at the opposite electrode. At an exemplarily optimized condition, a high electrolysis current of 1.33 A cm-2 was achieved at 750 oC with a fuel comprising of 99% CO2 and 1% CO. To assist the cell optimization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was particularly used to investigate the electrochemical properties of SOECs. Meanwhile, cell components were analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after the electrolysis operation to study the degradation behavior of SOECs that were operated under high-current electrolysis. The detailed cell design and experimental results will be comprehensively demonstrated and presented.
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Zhang, Zhen, Chengzhi Guan, Leidong Xie, and Jian-Qiang Wang. "Design and Analysis of a Novel Opposite Trapezoidal Flow Channel for Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Stack." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High efficiency, raw material availability, and compatibility with downstream systems will enable the Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) to play an important role in the future energy transition. However, the SOEC stack’s performance should be improved further by utilizing a novel flow-field design, and the channel shape is a key factor for enhancing gas transportation. To investigate the main effects of the novel channel design with fewer calculations, we assumed ideal gas laminar flows in the cathode channel. Furthermore, the cathode support layer thickness and electrical contact resistance are ignored. The conventional channel flow is validated first with mesh independence, and then the performance difference between the conventional and novel designs is analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics. The process parameters such as velocity, pressure, current density, and mole concentration are compared between the conventional and novel designs, demonstrating that the novel design significantly improves electrolysis efficiency. Furthermore, it directly increased the concentration of product hydrogen in the novel channel. In addition to enhancing convection and diffusion of reaction gases in neighboring channels, the simple structure makes it easy to manufacture, which is advantageous for accelerating commercial use of the novel design.
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Tezel, Elif, Dezhou Guo, Ariel Whitten, Genevieve Yarema, Maikon Freire, Reinhard Denecke, Jean-Sabin McEwen, and Eranda Nikolla. "Elucidating the Role of B-Site Cations toward CO2 Reduction in Perovskite-Based Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 034532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac5e9b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are promising for the selective electrochemical conversion of CO2, or mixed streams of CO2 and H2O, into high energy products such as CO and H2. However, these systems are limited by the poor redox stability of the state-of-the-art Ni-based cathode electrocatalysts. Due to their favorable redox properties, mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) oxides have been considered as promising alternatives. However, improvement of the electrochemical performance of MIEC-based SOEC electrocatalysts is needed and requires an understanding of the factors that govern their activity. Herein, we investigate the effect of B-site 3d metal cations (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni) of LaBO3 perovskites on their CO2 electrochemical reduction activity in SOECs. We find that their electrochemical performance is highly dependent on the nature of the B-site cation and trends as LaFeO3 > LaCoO3 > LaNiO3 > LaCrO3. Among these perovskites, LaNiO3 is the least stable and decomposes under electrochemical conditions. In situ characterization and ab initio theoretical calculations suggest that both the nature of the B-site cation and the presence of oxygen surface vacancies impact the energetics of CO2 adsorption and reduction. These studies provide fundamental insights critical toward devising ways to improve the performance of MIEC-based SOEC cathodes for CO2 electroreduction.
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Rabo, Jennet R., and Rinlee Butch M. Cervera. "Fabrication of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Single Cell Using NiO-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ via Drop-Coating Method." Key Engineering Materials 847 (June 2020): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.847.129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly technology for future hydrogen generation. In this study, electrolyte-supported SOEC single cell was fabricated via a simple and facile drop-coating technique. Thin film electrodes of nickel oxide/yttria stabilized zirconia (NiO-YSZ) cathode and strontium-doped lanthanum manganite/ytrria-stabilized zirconia (LSM-YSZ) anode were deposited onto yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid electrolyte substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive analysis (EDS) was used to study the microstructural properties of the heat-treated samples and revealed a successful thin film deposition of porous electrodes onto the dense YSZ substrate. XRD patterns showed the desired crystal structure of the deposited electrode thin films. Distinct phases of cubic YSZ and monoclinic LSM were observed for the LSM-YSZ anode while cubic NiO and YSZ phases were observed for the deposited cathode. Electrochemical conductivity of the cell was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis (EIS) which revealed a total conductivity of about 2.0 mS/cm at 700 °C.
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MOMMA, Akihiko, Tohru KATO, Yasuo KAGA, and Susumu NAGATA. "Polarization Behavior of High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 105, no. 1221 (1997): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.105.369.
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Chen, Kongfa, Junji Hyodo, Aaron Dodd, Na Ai, Tatsumi Ishihara, Li Jian, and San Ping Jiang. "Chromium deposition and poisoning of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 oxygen electrodes of solid oxide electrolysis cells." Faraday Discussions 182 (2015): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00010f.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of the presence of an Fe–Cr alloy metallic interconnect on the performance and stability of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) oxygen electrodes is studied for the first time under solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) operating conditions at 800 °C. The presence of the Fe–Cr interconnect accelerates the degradation and delamination processes of the LSM oxygen electrodes. The disintegration of LSM particles and the formation of nanoparticles at the electrode/electrolyte interface are much faster as compared to that in the absence of the interconnect. Cr deposition occurs in the bulk of the LSM oxygen electrode with a high intensity on the YSZ electrolyte surface and on the LSM electrode inner surface close to the electrode/electrolyte interface. SIMS, GI-XRD, EDS and XPS analyses clearly identify the deposition and formation of chromium oxides and strontium chromate on both the electrolyte surface and electrode inner surface. The anodic polarization promotes the surface segregation of SrO and depresses the generation of manganese species such as Mn2+. This is evidently supported by the observation of the deposition of SrCrO4, rather than (Cr,Mn)3O4 spinels as in the case under the operating conditions of solid oxide fuel cells. The present results demonstrate that the Cr deposition is essentially a chemical process, initiated by the nucleation and grain growth reaction between the gaseous Cr species and segregated SrO on LSM oxygen electrodes under SOEC operating conditions.
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Qu, Yanmei, Ji Yu, Ning Tian, and Hai Shen. "Improved performance of a samarium-doped ceria interlayer of intermediate temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells by doping the transition metal oxide Fe2O3." RSC Advances 11, no. 49 (2021): 30911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04361g.
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Guo, Meiting, Xiao Ru, Zijing Lin, Guoping Xiao, and Jianqiang Wang. "Optimization Design of Rib Width and Performance Analysis of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 5468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205468.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Structure design is of great value for the performance improvement of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) to diminish the gap between scientific research and industrial application. A comprehensive multi-physics coupled model is constructed to conduct parameter sensitivity analysis to reveal the primary and secondary factors on the SOEC performance and optimal rib width. It is found that the parameters of the O2 electrode have almost no influence on the optimal rib width at the H2 electrode side and vice versa. The optimized rib width is not sensitive to the electrode porosity, thickness, electrical conductivity and gas composition. The optimal rib width at the H2 electrode side is sensitive to the contact resistance at the interface between the electrode and interconnect rib, while the extremely small concentration loss at the O2 electrode leads to the insensitivity of optimal rib width to the parameters influencing the O2 diffusion. In addition to the contact resistance, the applied cell voltage and pitch width also has a dramatic influence on the optimal rib width of the fuel electrode. An analytical expression considering the influence of total cell polarization loss, the pitch width and the contact resistance is further developed for the benefit of the engineering society. The maximum error in the cell performance between the numerically obtained and analytically acquired optimal rib width is only 0.14% and the predictive power of the analytical formula is fully verified.
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Li, Ruizhu, Yue Lu, Yutian Yu, Xianzhi Ren, Feng Ding, Chengzhi Guan, and Jianqiang Wang. "Investigation on Long-Term Stability of Vermiculite Seals for Reversible Solid Oxide Cell." Molecules 28, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031462.
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A reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) integrating solid oxide fuel (SOFC) and a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) usually utilizes compressive seals. In this work, the vermiculite seals of various thickness and compressive load during thermal cycles and long-term operation were investigated. The leakage rates of seals were gradually increased with increasing thickness and input gas pressure. The thinner seals had good sealing performance. The compressive load was carried out at thinner seals, the possible holes were squeezed, and finally the leakage rates were lower. With a fixed input gas pressure of 1 psi, 2 psi, and 3 psi, the leakage rates of 0.50 mm vermiculite remained at around 0.009 sccm/cm, 0.017 sccm/cm and 0.028 sccm/cm during twenty thermal cycles, while the leakage rates remained at around 0.011 sccm/cm for about 240 h. Simultaneously, elemental diffusions between seals and components were limited, implying good compatibility. Furthermore, the open circuit voltage (OCV) remained at around 1.04 V during 17 thermal cycles, which is close to Nernst potentials. The stack performance confirmed that the vermiculite seals can meet the structural support and sealing requirements. Therefore, the vermiculite shows good promise for application in stacks during thermal cycles and long-term operation.
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Ge, Ben, De Sheng Ai, Chang Sheng Deng, Jing Tao Ma та Xu Ping Lin. "Synthesis of Sr2Fe1-xMnxNbO6-δ Powders and their Stability as Electrode of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell". Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (червень 2012): 1584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Double-perovskite Sr2Fe1-xMnxNbO6-δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8) (SFMN) powders which will be applied to the electrode of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) were synthesized by Solid State Reaction Method. The mixed oxide powders SrCO3, Fe2O3, MnO2 and Nb2O5, were homogeneously calcined at different temperatures and in different atmospheres. The influence of the preparation process on the structure and the morphology of the powder were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It is found that the formation of perovskite structure is directly related to the content of Mn and calcining temperature. Controllable synthesis of pure phase of double perovskite powders was realized after calcining for12h at 1150 °C in air. Moreover, the experimental results show that the perovskite structure of SFMN is stable in whether oxidizing or reducing atmosphere, which indicates that this material has a potential to be used as electrode of solid oxide electrolysis cell.