Статті в журналах: "SOLID CULTURE MEDIA"

1

Preac-Mursic, V., B. Wilske, and S. Reinhardt. "Culture ofBorrelia burgdorferi on six solid media." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 10, no. 12 (December 1991): 1076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01984935.

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2

Cha, Wol-Suk, DuBok Choi, and Si-Hyung Kang. "Optimization of culture media for solid-state culture ofPleurotus ferulae." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 9, no. 5 (October 2004): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02933059.

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3

Mohapatra, Animesh Kumar, and Priyamvada Pandey. "Fecundity of inbred fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster on different solid culture media: An analysis." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i4.1788.

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In the present study, wild-type Drosophila melanogaster collected from stock culture were sub-cultured in three different types of solid culture media (corn, barley and wheat) and control medium for two weeks to produce F1 generation. The duration of larval and pupal development, number of pupal cases and hatched flies were scored for first generation. The results were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple comparison test and paired sample t-test. The control medium showed no pupal cases and hatched flies. Among all the three solid culture media tested, corn meal, barley meal and wheat meal, the latter showed highly significant results at p?0.001 than others. However, this parameter was not affected by the carbohydrate amount in the media. The present investigation is an attempt to evaluate the influence of different formulated solid culture media on the life span and reproduction of fruit flies.

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4

Jahan, Hosne, Kamrul Hasan, Rashida Akter Khanam, Devolina Bhowmik, Mst Naznin Tarana, Soma Sarker, and Sharmin Sarwar. "Comparative Study of Solid Culture and Liquid Culture for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 11, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v11i1.43175.

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Background: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease and has the highest burden with it. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in many countries is still dependent on microscopy. For developing countries with a large number of cases and financial constraints, evaluation of rapid and inexpensive diagnostic methods has great importance. Culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC) is the accepted reference standard for confirmation of TB infection and is necessary for drug susceptibility testing (DST). There are several methods for culturing MtbC using solid and liquid media. Although solid media has been used for over 100 years, liquid culture media is increasingly being introduced in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of solid culture and liquid culture in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methodology: This cross sectional study was done in the Department of Microbiology at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka and National Institute of Chest Disease & Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka during the period of January 2016 to December 2016 for a period of 1(one) year. Sputum samples from suspected MDR-TB patients were collected by purposive sampling technique from OPD of Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) and NIDCH. Microscopy, liquid culture in liquid MGIT 960 media were done for MTB diagnosis. Result: This study shows the comparison of results of microscopic examination of solid culture and liquid culture (MGIT 960). The liquid MGIT 960 method detected more positive samples than solid culture 68% vs 67%. The mean turnaround time of detection (TTD) of MTB was 34.3±5.2 days for Lowenstein-Jensen media and 17.5±3.8 days for MGIT 960 (p value <0.05). So, liquid culture gave earlier result than solid culture. Conclusion: Liquid culture more positive result than solid culture under microscope in smear of sputum and also liquid culture gave earlier result than solid culture. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 28-31

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Alo Moses N, Alo Moses N. "Semen Culture: A Comparative Analysis between Solid Media and Liquid Media Supplementation." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 5, no. 5 (2013): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-0556772.

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6

Xia, H. X., C. T. Keane, and C. A. O'Morain. "Culture ofHelicobacter pylori under aerobic conditions on solid media." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 13, no. 5 (May 1994): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01971998.

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7

Merkle, S. A., and H. E. Sommer. "Somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of Liriodendrontulipifera." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-077.

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Tissue cultures of yellow poplar (Liriodendrontulipifera L.) were initiated from immature and mature zygotic embryos. Nodular embryogenic callus developed from a low percentage of the cultures initiated from immature embryos on solid media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-benzyladenine, and casein hydrolysate. Embryoids differentiated from these culture lines within 1 month following transfer of embryogenic callus to hormone-free solid media. Although most embryoids appeared abnormal, embryoids with well-formed cotyledons and radicles were capable of developing into normal plantlets.

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Simner, Patricia J., Kelly A. Doerr, Lory K. Steinmetz, and Nancy L. Wengenack. "Mycobacterium and Aerobic Actinomycete Culture: Are Two Medium Types and Extended Incubation Times Necessary?" Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 4 (February 10, 2016): 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02838-15.

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Mycobacterial cultures are historically performed using a liquid medium and a solid agar medium with an incubation period of up to 60 days. We performed a retrospective analysis of 21,494 mycobacterial and aerobic actinomycetes cultures performed over 10 months to determine whether two medium types remain necessary and to investigate whether culture incubation length can be shortened. Specimens were cultured using Bactec MGIT liquid medium and Middlebrook 7H11/S7H11 solid medium with incubation periods of 42 and 60 days, respectively. Time-to-positivity and the identity of isolates recovered from each medium were evaluated. A total of 1,205/21,494 cultures (6%) were positive on at least one medium. Of the 1,353 isolates recovered, 1,110 (82%) were nontuberculous mycobacteria, 145 (11%) were aerobic actinomycetes, and 98 (7%) wereMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex. Assessing medium types, 1,121 isolates were recovered from solid medium cultures, 922 isolates were recovered from liquid medium cultures, and 690 isolates were recovered on both media. Liquid cultures were positive an average of 10 days before solid cultures when the two medium types were positive (P< 0.0001). Isolates detected on solid medium after 6 weeks of incubation included 65 (5%) nontuberculous mycobacteria, 4 (0.3%) aerobic actinomycetes, and 2 (0.2%) isolates from theM. tuberculosiscomplex. Medical chart review suggested that most of these later-growing isolates were insignificant, as the diagnosis was already known, or they were considered colonizers/contaminants. This study reaffirms the need for both liquid medium and solid medium for mycobacterial and aerobic actinomycetes culture and demonstrates that solid medium incubation times may be reduced to 6 weeks without significantly impacting sensitivity.

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9

Sun, M., H. Kieft, and AAM van Lammeren. "Cotyledon-derived diploid and haploid protoplast culture and diploid plant regeneration in Brassica napus cv. ' Topas '." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-022.

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The present paper describes a simple and reliable protocol for the successful isolation, purification, culture, and regeneration of diploid cotyledon-derived protoplasts of Brassica napus L. cv. 'Topas'. Various protoplast isolation media, nutrient media, subculture procedures, and protoplast sources were tested under two culture temperatures. Protoplast viability, cell wall regeneration, and cell division were monitored. Single cotyledon-derived protoplasts formed calli in liquid protoplast medium, and when these were subcultured on solid proliferation medium and solid regeneration medium of appropriate composition, plants regenerated either by shoot formation or embryogenesis. Continuous culture at 32°C instead of 25°C favoured the initiation of cell division and cell proliferation but prevented regeneration, although calli maintained regeneration capacity. Viable haploid protoplasts were isolated from cotyledons of heat-shock-induced, microspore-derived haploid embryos and from young leaves of secondary embryos that were formed on microspore-derived embryos. Cell divisions were triggered in the two types of haploid protoplast cultures, and microcalli were formed at high frequencies. Differences between haploid and diploid protoplast cultures are discussed.Key words: cotyledon protoplast culture, haploid culture, plant regeneration.

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10

Noll, Christine, Azadda Nasruddin-Yekta, Pia Sternisek, Michael Weig, Uwe Groß, Arndt F. Schilling, Frank Timo Beil, and Oliver Bader. "Rapid direct detection of pathogens for diagnosis of joint infections by MALDI-TOF MS after liquid enrichment in the BacT/Alert blood culture system." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): e0243790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243790.

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Pathogen identification is a critical step during diagnosis of infectious diseases. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has become the gold standard for identification of microorganisms cultured on solid media in microbiology laboratories. Direct identification of microbes from liquid specimen, circumventing the need for the additional overnight cultivation step, has been successfully established for blood culture, urine and liquor. Here, we evaluate the ability of MALDI-TOF MS for direct identification of pathogens in synovial fluid after liquid enrichment in BacT/Alert blood culture bottles. Influence of synovial specimen quality on direct species identification with the MALDI BioTyper/Sepsityper was tested with samples inoculated from pretested native synovia with concomitant inoculation of blood or pus, or highly viscous fluid. Here, we achieved >90% concordance with culture on solid medium, and only mixed-species samples posed significant problems. Performance in routine diagnostics was tested prospectively on bottles inoculated by treating physicians on ward. There, we achieved >70% concordance with culture on solid media. The major contributors to test failure were the absence of a measurable mass signal and mixed-specimen samples. The Sepsityper workflow worked well on samples derived from BacT/Alert blood culture bottles inoculated with synovial fluid, giving concordant results to identification from solid media. Host remnant material in the inoculum, such as blood or pus, had no detrimental effect on identification score values of the BioTyper system after processing with the Sepsityper workflow, and neither had the initial viscosity of the synovial sample.

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Verde, Denise dos Santos Vila, Maria Inês de Souza Mendes, Antônio da Silva Souza, Camila Rodrigues Pinto, Leila Vasconcelos Costa Nobre, Karen Cristina Fialho dos Santos, and Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo. "Culture media in the in vitro cultivation of Dioscorea spp." Concilium 23, no. 9 (May 31, 2023): 459–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1383-23k63.

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The composition and physical state of the culture medium, as well as the effect of supplementation in different subcultures, are determining factors for the regeneration and good development of the in vitro explant. Therefore, this study aimed to study the effect of the culture medium on micropropagation during four subcultures, depending on the growth variables of the genotypes Dioscorea alata L., D. alata var. purpurea (Roxb.) A. Pouchet, and D. rotundata. Nodal segments of 1 cm length of plants previously cultivated in vitro were introduced into 10 mL of MS culture media supplemented with 100 mg L-1 of inositol, 20 mg L-1 of cysteine, 0.20 mg L-1 of ANA, 0.08 mg L-1 of AG3 and 0.05 mg L-1 of BAP and 2GGC basic, both in solid and liquid states plus 3 g L-1 of activated charcoal and 30 g L-1 of sucrose and the pH adjusted by 5.8 before autoclaving. At every 30 days of in vitro culture, development variables, percentage of responsive explants, and the number of calluses were evaluated. The MS and solid 2GGC media are the most suitable for the multiplication of the genotypes D. alata and D. alata var. purpurea. For the D. rotundata genotype, the solid MS medium is the most suitable for its in vitro multiplication.

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12

Whittington, R. J., I. Marsh, S. McAllister, M. J. Turner, D. J. Marshall, and C. A. Fraser. "Evaluation of Modified BACTEC 12B Radiometric Medium and Solid Media for Culture of Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis from Sheep." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 4 (1999): 1077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.4.1077-1083.1999.

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Definitive diagnosis of Johne’s disease in ruminants depends on confirming the presence of the causative bacterium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, in tissues of the host. This is readily achieved in most ruminant species by culture. However, culture of clinical specimens from sheep in many countries has been unrewarding. Such a culture from sheep was achieved recently in Australia by using a radiometric culture medium. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the culture of M. aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis from sheep by using modified BACTEC 12B radiometric medium, to determine the sensitivity of culture in relation to histopathology, and to evaluate a range of solid media. Culture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosisfrom sheep with Johne’s disease is a sensitive method of diagnosis: intestinal tissues from all 43 animals with multibacillary disease and all 22 animals with paucibacillary disease were culture positive, while 98% of feces from 53 animals with multibacillary disease and 48% of feces from 31 animals with paucibacillary disease were culture positive. Of sheep without histological evidence of Johne’s disease from infected flocks, intestinal tissue from 32% of 41 were culture positive, while feces from 17% of 41 were culture positive. Consequently, culture is recommended as the “gold standard” test for detection of ovine Johne’s disease. Of the wide range of solid media that were evaluated, only modified Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 agars, which were very similar in composition to modified BACTEC 12B medium, yielded growth of ovine strains of M. avium subsp.paratuberculosis. The sensitivity of detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis on solid media was slightly lower than that in modified BACTEC 12B radiometric medium. Both egg yolk and mycobactin J were essential additives for growth of ovine strains of M. avium subsp.paratuberculosis in both liquid and solid media.

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13

Evangelopoulos, Dimitrios, Carolyn M. Shoen, Isobella Honeyborne, Simon Clark, Ann Williams, Galina V. Mukamolova, Michael H. Cynamon, and Timothy D. McHugh. "Culture-Free Enumeration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mouse Tissues Using the Molecular Bacterial Load Assay for Preclinical Drug Development." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020460.

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Background: The turnaround times for phenotypic tests used to monitor the bacterial load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in both clinical and preclinical studies, are delayed by the organism’s slow growth in culture media. The existence of differentially culturable populations of M.tuberculosis may result in an underestimate of the true number. Moreover, culture methods are susceptible to contamination resulting in loss of critical data points. Objectives: We report the adaptation of our robust, culture-free assay utilising 16S ribosomal RNA, developed for sputum, to enumerate the number of bacteria present in animal tissues as a tool to improve the read-outs in preclinical drug efficacy studies. Methods: Initial assay adaptation was performed using naïve mouse lungs spiked with known quantities of M. tuberculosis and an internal RNA control. Tissues were homogenised, total RNA extracted, and enumeration performed using RT-qPCR. We then evaluated the utility of the assay, in comparison to bacterial counts estimated using growth assays on solid and liquid media, to accurately inform bacterial load in tissues from M. tuberculosis-infected mice before and during treatment with a panel of drug combinations. Results: When tested on lung tissues derived from infected mice, the MBL assay produced comparable results to the bacterial counts in solid culture (colony forming units: CFU). Notably, under specific drug treatments, the MBL assay was able to detect a significantly higher number of M. tuberculosis compared to CFU, likely indicating the presence of bacteria that were unable to produce colonies in solid-based culture. Additionally, growth recovery in liquid media using the most probable number (MPN) assay was able to account for the discrepancy between the MBL assay and CFU number, suggesting that the MBL assay detects differentially culturable sub-populations of M. tuberculosis. Conclusions: The MBL assay can enumerate the bacterial load in animal tissues in real time without the need to wait for extended periods for cultures to grow. The readout correlates well with CFUs. Importantly, we have shown that the MBL is able to measure specific populations of bacteria not cultured on solid agar. The adaptation of this assay for preclinical studies has the potential to decrease the readout time of data acquisition from animal experiments and could represent a valuable tool for tuberculosis drug discovery and development.

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Ødegaard, Kristian. "PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PATHOGENIC MICROBES ON SOLID CULTURE MEDIA BY AN AMEBA." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 25, no. 3 (August 18, 2009): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1948.tb00672.x.

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15

de^Fernando, G. D. García, O. Díaz, M. Fernández, and J. A. Ordóñez. "Changes in water activity of selected solid culture media throughout incubation." Food Microbiology 9, no. 1 (March 1992): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-0020(92)80064-b.

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16

Lewis, Jesse A., and Nadja Anderson. "Penicillium Antibiotic Effect." American Biology Teacher 80, no. 7 (September 1, 2018): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2018.80.7.530.

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In this lesson students will use the Penicillium chrysogenum fungus, which naturally produces the antibiotic penicillin, to investigate the effect of naturally produced antibiotics on bacteria in laboratory cultures. Students co-culture P. chrysogenum with three species of bacteria to observe differences between penicillin-resistant and penicillin-sensitive bacteria. They will normalize fungal spore suspension and bacterial culture concentrations before inoculating co-cultures. After bacteria have been exposed to the antibiotic, students will quantify culture density to determine antibiotic effect in liquid culture and on solid media. Students will learn about natural product antibiotics as well as experimental design and application.

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Menezes, Geovania dos Santos, Tamíris Aparecida de Carvalho, Wandson dos Santos Almeida, Eliana Midori Sussuchi, Pedro Roberto Almeida Viégas, and Regina Helena Marino. "Bioremediation potential of filamentous fungi in methylene blue: Solid and liquid culture media." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 41, no. 5 (September 2017): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017415002917.

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ABSTRACT The evaluation of the bioremediation potential of microbial with dyes in solid and liquid culture media has been described, but prior studies have not mentioned which culture method is most appropriate for selection of microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the bioremediation potential of filamentous fungi in liquid and solid culture media with methylene blue. The fungi isolates tested were Pleurotus ostreatoroseus (POR-SP1, POR-SP2), P. ostreatus (DF39, EF58 and EF60), Pycnoporus sanguineus (PS) and Fusidium sp. (FUS). The methylene blue concentrations tested were 0, 5, 10, and 50 mg L-1 in the solid medium and 0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1 in the liquid medium. In the solid medium, the mycelial diameters of DF39, EF58, FUS, and PS were not influenced by the increase in dye concentration. In the liquid medium, DF39, EF58, EF60, and FUS showed a constant methylene blue degradation rate with increasing dye concentration. The dye degradation rate was correlated with the pH of the liquid medium for EF58, EF60, and FUS. The lower diameter growth in the solid medium did not influence the methylene blue dye degradation rate in the liquid medium.

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18

Hanna, Bruce A., Adeleh Ebrahimzadeh, L. Bruce Elliott, Margie A. Morgan, Susan M. Novak, Sabine Rusch-Gerdes, Millie Acio, et al. "Multicenter Evaluation of the BACTEC MGIT 960 System for Recovery of Mycobacteria." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 3 (1999): 748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.3.748-752.1999.

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We evaluated the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, which is a fully automated, noninvasive system for the growth and detection of mycobacteria with a capacity to incubate and continuously monitor 960 7-ml culture tubes. We studied 3,330 specimens, 2,210 respiratory and 1,120 nonrespiratory specimens, collected from 2,346 patients treated at six sites. Processed specimens were inoculated into the BACTEC MGIT 960 and BACTEC 460 TB systems, as well as onto Lowenstein-Jensen slants and Middlebrook 7H11/7H11 selective plates. From all culture systems, a total of 362 isolates of mycobacteria were recovered; these were recovered from 353 specimens collected from 247 patients. The greatest number of isolates of mycobacteria (289, or 80% of the 362 isolates) was recovered with the BACTEC MGIT 960, followed by the BACTEC 460 TB (271, or 75%) and solid media (250, or 69%). From all culture systems a total of 132 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex were recovered. The greatest number of isolates of M. tuberculosis complex was recovered when liquid medium was combined with conventional solid media; the number recovered with BACTEC 460 TB plus solid media was 128 (97%), that recovered with BACTEC MGIT 960 plus solid media was 121 (92%), that recovered with BACTEC 460 TB was 119 (90%) and that recovered with all solid media combined was 105 (79%). The recovery with BACTEC MGIT 960 alone was 102 (77%). The mean times to detection (TTD) for M. tuberculosis complex were 14.4 days for BACTEC MGIT, 15.2 days for BACTEC 460 TB, and 24.1 days for solid media. The numbers of isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) recovered were 172 (100%) for all systems, 147 (85%) for BACTEC MGIT 960, 123 (72%) for BACTEC 460 TB, and 106 (62%) for all solid media combined. The TTD for MAC in each system were 10.0 days for BACTEC MGIT 960, 10.4 days for BACTEC 460 TB, and 25.9 days for solid media. Breakthrough contamination rates (percentages of isolates) for each of the systems were 8.1% for BACTEC MGIT 960, 4.9% for BACTEC 460 TB, and 21.1% for all solid media combined.

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Harris, N. Beth, Suelee Robbe-Austerman, and Janet B. Payeur. "Effect of Egg Yolk on the Detection of Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Using the ESP II Liquid Culture System." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, no. 6 (November 2005): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700605.

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Rapid diagnosis of paratuberculosis in infected cattle is important for the successful control of Johne disease within herds. Thus, improving culture methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) will aid in the identification of asymptomatic animals. Egg yolk is a component of the media used for growing M. paratuberculosis, but its requirement as a supplement has not been reported. Using the ESP II liquid culture system, 2 different sources and 5 concentrations (3.3%, 1.6%, 0.8%, 0.4%, and 0%) of egg yolk were analyzed. Egg yolk source did not affect either recovery rate or time to detection, but both parameters were significantly improved when the 3.3% egg yolk concentrations (final volume) were used over media containing no egg yolk. This study also assessed the recovery of M. paratuberculosis from fecal samples that were cultured multiple times using Herrold egg yolk agar (HEY). Specimens containing greater than 70 cfu/g feces could routinely be identified as positive for M. paratuberculosis after only 1 culture attempt, whereas specimens with fewer bacteria were only intermittently positive, even after 5 replicate cultures. Therefore, this study indicates that the sensitivity of the Trek Diagnostic ESP II liquid culture system for M. paratuberculosis is affected by egg yolk concentration and that single culture attempts using HEY solid media may not identify specimens containing low numbers of bacteria.

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Kolibab, K., A. Yang, M. Parra, S. C. Derrick, and S. L. Morris. "Time to Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using the MGIT 320 System Correlates with Colony Counting in Preclinical Testing of New Vaccines." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 3 (December 26, 2013): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00742-13.

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ABSTRACTClinical studies have suggested that the enumeration of mycobacteria by using automated liquid systems is a faster and simpler alternative to quantitative cultures. Here, we show that the time to detection ofM. tuberculosisgrowth as measured with the MGIT 320 liquid culture system inversely correlates with CFU determinations from culture on solid media and that mycobacterial quantification using the MGIT system is faster and easier to perform than CFU plating.

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Ab Rahman, Zuraida, Mohd Shukri Mat Ali, Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli, Khadijah Awang, and Ayu Nazreena Othman. "Optimization of Culture Media Formulations for Micropropagation of Lepisanthes fruticosa." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 15, no. 1 (March 24, 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2607.

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Tissue culture provides an avenue for the production of high quality clonal plants in large numbers within a short time. Here, we describe the development of protocols for reproducible in vitro micropropagation of Lepisanthes fruticosa via direct organogenesis. Shoots were initiated from two types of explants, nodes and young shoots, to establish in vitro cultures on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium or Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP). Semi-solid WPM media containing 1 mg/L BAP was most effective in shoot initiation in both node and young shoot explants, giving 40% and 20% shoot induction, respectively. The highest rate of shoot proliferation from young shoot explants was obtained using BAP at 3.0 mg/L in combination with NAA at 1.0 mg/L in WPM culture medium. This combination of growth regulators in the medium was also suited to root initiation.

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MALIK, Małgorzata, Marzena WARCHOŁ, and Bożena PAWŁOWSKA. "Liquid Culture Systems Affect Morphological and Biochemical Parameters during Rosa canina Plantlets In Vitro Production." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46110880.

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Wild roses are an important group of plants used as decorative shrubs and cut flowers. They are also a row material for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. For rose in vitro propagation, solid media are commonly used. Up till now there is a few reports confirming the beneficial effect of liquid media on Rosa shoot growth and multiplication. The aim of the study was to investigate different culture systems, temporary immersion system (TIS) (immersion frequencies of 15 min every 6, 8 and 12 h), rotary shaker (RS) and stationary liquid (SL) for propagation of R. canina and compare with solid medium culture. Shoot tips and stem explants were grown on basic Murashige and Skoog medium with 20 mg dm-3 Fe EDDHA, 1 µM BA, 1.5 µM GA3 and 3% sucrose for six weeks. Liquid cultures stimulated biomass growth. The highest biomass growth in RS cultures were observed however, RS reduced the shoot dry mass content. TIS cultures immersed every 6 and 8 h increased dry mass content. In TIS and on solid medium shoot multiplication was 1.5-2 times better than in other systems and stem explants were more efficient. Solid medium improved the content of chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids. Higher contents of photosynthetic pigments were determined in shoot tips than stem explants. TIS-derived plantlets accumulated the largest amount of phenolic compounds. As the frequency of immersion increases the concentration of these compounds were reduced. In turn, SL cultures favored the accumulation of soluble sugars.

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Tsai, Wei-Ting, and Chien-Young Chu. "Static Liquid Culture of Doritaenopsis Seedlings." HortScience 43, no. 1 (February 2008): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.1.206.

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Methods for static liquid culture are described to improve the growth of Doritaenopsis (commercially known as Phalaenopsis) seedlings in vitro. The results showed that seeds not only germinated, but also grew faster in liquid medium. No hyperhydric seedlings were observed in liquid culture when liquid level was accurately controlled by culture density, medium volume, and sealing materials. Although the germination percent was unaffected by medium phase (liquid or solid), sowing density, medium volume, or sealing material, the growth of seedlings decreased as density increased or medium volume decreased. Seeds of 1.5 mg mixed with 20 mL of liquid medium per 9-cm petri dish sealed with two layers of parafilm prompted optimal results. Shoot growth also was enhanced while 75-day-old seedlings were subcultured in liquid media with or without support. Seedling growth was enhanced by adding 20 mL liquid media to 36 seedlings without support after 45 days of culture. It was expected that by static liquid culture, the period from sowing to ex vitro would be 1.5 months shorter than the traditional solid culture.

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Sapkota, Sita Ram, and Tarani Prasad Paneru. "Study the stability of chickpea endophytic actinobacteria species on broth and agar culture media." Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation 10, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2022.10.00350.

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The actinobacteria acts by colonising plant roots and increases the nitrogen fixation capacity of the rhizobial partner. In this study, endophytic actinobacterial strains CP21A2, CP56, CP84B, and CP200B isolated from chickpea were evaluated for the sporulation rate in solid and liquid media. These resultant spores were evaluated for their stability at different pH and temperature. Calcium carbonate in the liquid broth and MS medium in solid agar media can be used to increase the sporulation rate of the actinobacteria. Additionally, we found out that almost all spore-producing strains were stable at 70°C 4 minutes but temperatures greater than that were lethal to the spores obtained from both types of media. In addition, the tested spore strains were more sensitive and prone to lysis at alkaline pH rather than acidic. Furthermore, our study suggested that CP56 spores obtained from liquid media and CP84B from solid media can be the best performers in promoting the overall growth of plants and nodules. However, further detailed investigations need to be carried out in order to determine their influence on the growth and development of legume plants which can be useful to increase the yield in the agricultural industry.

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25

McMullen, Allison R., Caline Mattar, Nigar Kirmani, and Carey-Ann D. Burnham. "Brown-Pigmented Mycobacterium mageritense as a Cause of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis and Bloodstream Infection." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 8 (June 10, 2015): 2777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01041-15.

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Mycobacterium spp. are a rare cause of endocarditis. Herein, we describe a case of Mycobacterium mageritense prosthetic valve endocarditis. This organism produced an unusual brown pigment on solid media. Cultures of valve tissue for acid-fast bacilli might be considered in some cases of apparently culture-negative prosthetic valve endocarditis.

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26

Lee, Jang Hoon, Yong Seong Lee, and Young Cheol Kim. "Effects of Temperature and Culture Media Composition on Sporulation, Mycelial Growth, and Antifungal Activity of Isaria javanica pf185." Research in Plant Disease 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2021.27.3.99.

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The fungal isolate Isaria javanica pf185 has potential as a mycopesticide because it demonstrates insecticidal activity against the green peach aphid and antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. For commercialization of this isolate, determination of the optimal and least expensive culture conditions is required; however, these data are not currently available. This study describes the conditions for optimal development of conidia and production of metabolites for the biocontrol of the fungal pathogen. The optimal culture conditions were examined using cultures on solid agar and liquid media. High growth temperature enhanced spore formation but reduced antifungal activity in both solid and liquid media. The highest spore yield was obtained in a medium containing glucose as a carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source. Soybean powder and wheat bran were effective nitrogen sources that promoted spore production and antifungal activity of the isolate. These results revealed the basic, cost-effective growth media for commercial production of a biopesticide with insecticidal and antifungal properties for use in integrated pest management.

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27

Kinloch Jr., Bohun B., and Gayle E. Dupper. "Genetics of Cronartium ribicola. I. Axenic culture of haploid clones." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-056.

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Genetically pure lines of the mononucleate (haploid) stage of Cronartium ribicola can be grown by isolating mycelium from single spots on infected white pine needles or by culturing single basidiospores on defined media preconditioned by cell-free diffusates of massed germinating basidiospores. Although growth is initially slow, cultures can be increased rapidly by alternately subculturing from solid to liquid media and back again indefinitely. The ability to culture pure haploid clones has important implications for studying the genetic structure and sexual behavior of rust populations and the nature of virulence. Keywords: white pine blister rust, sugar pine, virulence.

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28

Nelson, Paul E., Jean H. Juba, P. Frank Ross, and Larry G. Rice. "Fumonisin Production by Fusanum Species on Solid Substrates." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 2 (March 1, 1994): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.2.522.

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Abstract Fumonisins were produced by strains of Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum on a medium consisting of 500 g yellow corn kernels and 500 mL distilled water added to a 30.5 × 61 cm autoclavable polyethylene bag. The corn was inoculated by drawing a suspension from a lyophilized culture into a sterile 5 mL syringe fitted with a 19 gauge needle and injecting 1 mL through the side of each polyethylene culture bag. Bags of inoculated com were incubated in the dark at 20° to 22°C for 4 weeks. Seven to 8 days after inoculation, holes were punched near the tops of the bags to promote aeration. After a 4 week incubation, cultures were soaked in chloroform–acetone (50 + 50, v/v) in 4 L flasks overnight to kill fungus and to remove water. Next, the culture media was filtered through 2 mm nylon mesh screens and air dried from 24 to 48 h. Fumonisin concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography/o-phthalaldialdehyde fluorescence. Confirmation was by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We observed that the 3 most important factors in the production of fumonisins in bulk corn cultures were temperature control, moisture, and aeration. Extraction by acetonitrile–water (50 + 50, v/v) for 30 min produced the highest yields of fumonisins. Measurable concentrations were reduced by as much as 50% when culture material was heated at 50°C overnight. Fusarium moniliforme strains consistently produced fumonisin B1 as the major component, but some strains of F. proliferatum produced fumonisin B2 and/or fumonisin B3 at higher concentrations than fumonisin B1. Results were calculated on the basis of dried culture material.

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Drazek, Laurent, Maud Tournoud, Frédéric Derepas, Maryse Guicherd, Pierre Mahé, Frédéric Pinston, Jean-Baptiste Veyrieras, and Sonia Chatellier. "Three-dimensional characterization of bacterial microcolonies on solid agar-based culture media." Journal of Microbiological Methods 109 (February 2015): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2014.12.011.

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30

Leite, L. G., D. I. Shapiro-Ilan, S. Hazir, and M. A. Jackson. "Effect of inoculum age and physical parameters on in vitro culture of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 6 (November 21, 2016): 686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000821.

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AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae have a symbiotic association with bacteria which makes them virulent against insects. EPNs have been mass produced using in vivo and in vitro methods, including both solid and liquid fermentation. This study assessed the effect of nematode inoculum age on the production of Steinernema feltiae in liquid, solid and biphasic processes. Several physical parameters were also assessed: the effect of medium viscosity, flask size and aeration speed on the recovery and yield of infective juveniles (IJs). Inoculum age treatments included inoculum liquid cultures that were 7, 14, 21 and 28 days old. Nematodes from the same inoculum were added to one liquid medium (liquid culture), one solid medium with bacteria previously grown in sponge (solid culture) and a variation of the solid medium (a biphasic culture), in which the bacteria were first grown in liquid and, then, soaked into the sponges, with the purpose of providing a more homogeneous bacterial culture before nematode inoculation. Experiments were conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks. Eight treatments were established involving combinations of three variables: two media (with and without 0.2% agar), two flask sizes (250 and 150 ml) and two agitation speeds (180 and 280 rpm). The study showed increases in nematode yield for liquid cultures, but not for solid or biphasic cultures, with the advance of the inoculum age up to 28 days of growth. Furthermore, the addition of 0.2% agar to the liquid medium and increasing the aeration rate by using larger flasks with higher agitation speed may increase nematode recovery and final yield. The experiments were conducted using shake flasks but the results may also be applicable for bioreactors.

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31

Liu, Shaoshuai, Wenjuan Yan, Chang Ma, Yajing Liu, Limin Gong, Crystal Levesque, and Bing Dong. "Effects of supplemented culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0179.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae (I. cicadae) on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens.Methods: A total of 648 Arbor Acres male broiler chickens(1 d; average body weight, 42.93± 0.47 g) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with six replicates and 18 broiler chickens per replicate. Broiler chickens were fed phase I (d 1 to 21) and phase II (d 22 to 42) diets. The phase I diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. The phase II diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 1.33%, 2.67%, 4.00%, 5.32%, or 6.67% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively.Results: In phase I, the broiler chickens with the supplementation of culture media had increased body weight gain and feed intake (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with increasing inclusion of culture media. The levels of serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased linearly (p<0.05). In phase II, levels of serum T-AOC and interleukin-1β increased linearly (p<0.05), and GSH increased (p<0.05). In the kidney, GSH and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) and SOD concentration increased linearly (p<0.05). Compared to the control, shear force and drip loss of breast muscle decreased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05). Drip loss of leg muscle decreased linearly and quadratically (p<0.05).Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented I.cicadae which was enriched in both wheat and residual bioactive components of I. cicadae enhanced the growth performance of broiler chickens. It also improved body anti-oxidative status and contributed to improve broiler meat quality.

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Mascarin, Gabriel Moura, Sérgio Batista Alves, and Rogério Biaggioni Lopes. "Culture media selection for mass production of Isaria fumosorosea and Isaria farinosa." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53, no. 4 (August 2010): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132010000400002.

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This work investigated the production of the fungi Isaria fumosorosea and Isaria farinosa in biphasic fermentation using agro-industrial products and residues. Combinations of natural liquid substrates, alternative to the complete medium and potato dextrose medium, were evaluated. The best liquid media were sugarcane molasses + rice broth, rice broth + yeast and sugarcane molasses + yeast + rice broth, which resulted in the highest viable propagule concentration. The molasses + rice broth medium was selected for the next phase of the study in which the production of both fungal isolates was evaluated in solid grain substrates. In solid-state fermentation, the best conidia production was achieved with the soybean meal and broken corn for I. farinosa, and whole rice and broken rice for I. fumosorosea. Results demonstrated that the two fungal species could be rapidly produced with higher yield of conidia on agro-industrial resources by using biphasic fermentation techniques.

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33

Rivadeneyra, M. A., A. Ramos-Cormenzana, and A. Garcia-Cervigon. "Étude de l'influence du rapport Mg/Ca sur la formation de carbonate par des bactéries telluriques." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-044.

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An experiment was conducted to study the influence of the Mg/Ca ratio on CaCO3 crystal formation by 96 isolates selected from 204 bacterial strains isolated from soil. Liquid and solid culture media were used with varying ratios of the ions, Mg and Ca; other media were used with similar Mg/Ca ratios, but in which the absolute quantities of the ions were varied. The crystals obtained were purified and identified by X-ray diffraction; in addition thermal differential analysis (ATD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (ATG) were utilized as complementary techniques. Calcite, aragonite, and struvite were identified, plus two different crystalline types, designated X and Y, which were not fully identified. The composition of the culture medium was found to have an influence on the speed and the type of crystals being precipitated. In solid culture media, it was more difficult to obtain aragonite precipitation.

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34

Hesmondhalgh, David. "Capitalism and the media: moral, economy, well-Being and capabilities." Revista Extraprensa 14, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 378–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/extraprensa2021.189152.

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This article aims to contribute to the renewal of the way media and culture are viewed under capitalism, by seeking solid normative foundations for critique via various compatible elements: moral economy, well-being understood as flourishing, Sen and Nussbaum’s capabilities approach, and culture value. Normative and conceptual issues concerning capitalism, media, and culture have received insufficient attention and moral economy approaches might help fill this gap with a rich and critical ethics-based approach to economy and society, compatible with the best political economy. The article outlines the approach of the capabilities, analyses its rare applications to media and culture, and explains how these applications might be constructed, by developing Nussbaum’s work in a way that contributes to people’s flourishing by grounding critique in an understanding of the potential value of media and culture’.

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35

de Juan, Lucï¿½a, Julio ï¿½lvarez, Beatriz Romero, Javier Bezos, Elena Castellanos, Alicia Aranaz, Ana Mateos, and Lucas Domï¿½nguez. "Comparison of Four Different Culture Media for Isolation and Growth of Type II and Type I/III Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Strains Isolated from Cattle and Goats." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 9 (September 2006): 5927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00451-06.

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ABSTRACT Culture is considered the definitive technique for Johne's disease diagnosis, and it is essential for later applications of certain molecular typing techniques. In this study, we have tested four solid media (Herrold's egg yolk medium [HEYM] with sodium pyruvate and mycobactin [HEYMm-SP], HEYM with mycobactin and without sodium pyruvate [HEYMm], Middlebrook 7H11 with mycobactin [Mm], and Lï¿½wenstein-Jensen with mycobactin [LJm]) for isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains in 319 tissue samples from cattle herds and goat flocks. We have shown that each of the two main groups of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (type II and type I/III) has different requirements for growth in the culture media studied. The recommended solid media for isolation of type I/III strains are LJm and Mm, since the combination of both media allowed the recovery of all these strains. The most widespread culture medium, HEYM, is not suitable for the isolation of this group of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains. Regarding the type II strains, HEYMm-SP was the medium where more strains were isolated, but the other three media are also needed in order to recover all type II strains. The incubation period is also related to the strain type. In conclusion, because the type of strain cannot be known in advance of culture, coupled with the fact that cattle and goats can be infected with both groups of strains, we recommend the use of the four solid media and the prolongation of the incubation period to more than 6 months to detect paratuberculous herds/flocks and to determine the true prevalence of the infection.

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Massey, Ruth C., Shobana R. Dissanayeke, Brian Cameron, David Ferguson, Timothy J. Foster, and Sharon J. Peacock. "Functional Blocking of Staphylococcus aureus Adhesins following Growth in Ex Vivo Media." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 10 (October 2002): 5339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.10.5339-5345.2002.

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ABSTRACT Defining the role of Staphylococcus aureus adhesins in disease pathogenesis may depend on the use of bacteria grown in culture media that more closely reflect the human milieu than conventional broth. This study examined the functional effect on S. aureus adhesins following growth in an ex vivo medium containing a complex mixture of human proteins (used peritoneal dialysate) relative to growth in Todd-Hewitt broth. The adherence of S. aureus, cultured in dialysate, to fibronectin and fibrinogen was markedly reduced despite the expresion of full-length ClfA, ClfB, and fibronectin-binding proteins. Growth in dialysate resulted in the acquisition of a surface coat, as visualized by transmission electron microscopy, which was shown to contain fibronectin, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulins. Adherence of S. aureus to fibrinogen following growth in dialysate was significantly reduced by expression of protein A but was restored following growth in immunoglobulin-depleted dialysate. We conclude that bacterial adherence to solid-phase protein is critically dependent on the culture medium, that S. aureus adhesins may become saturated with target protein prior to contact with solid surfaces, and that there is an interaction between fibrinogen-binding proteins and immunoglobulin bound to protein A following contact with host proteins. These findings have important implications for future studies of S. aureus adhesins.

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Burger, David W. "Guidelines for Autoclaving Liquid Media Used in Plant Tissue Culture." HortScience 23, no. 6 (December 1988): 1066–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.6.1066.

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Abstract The temperatures of liquid volumes (10–4000 ml) were monitored with solid-state temperature probes during autoclaving cycles of an automated steam sterilizer. Accurate measurements of the time required for the liquid volumes to reach the sterilizing temperature (121°C) were made. The effects of preheating solutions to be autoclaved and enclosing materials in autoclavable plastic bags were determined. Liquid volumes between 10 and 4000 ml differed in the time required to reach 121° by 40 min. Preheating solutions before autoclaving slightly reduced the time required to reach sterilizing temperatures. Enclosing materials in autoclavable bags substantially increased the time required to reach 121°.

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Stankovic, Srdjan, Ivana Moric, Aleksandar Pavic, Branka Vasiljevic, Barrie Johnson, and Vladica Cvetkovic. "Investigation of the microbial diversity of an extremely acidic, metal-rich water body (Lake Robule, Bor, Serbia)." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 6 (2014): 729–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc130605071s.

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An investigation of the microbial diversity of the extremely acidic, metal-rich Lake Robule was carried out using culture-dependant and culture-independent (T-RFLP) methods, and the ability of indigenous bacteria from the lake water to leach copper from a mineral concentrate was tested. T-RFLP analysis revealed that the dominant bacteria in lake water samples were the obligate heterotroph Acidiphilium cryptum (~50% of total bacteria) and the iron-oxidizing autotroph Leptospirillum ferrooxidans (~40%) The iron/sulfur-oxidizing autotroph Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans had been reported to be the most abundant bacteria in the lake in an earlier study by other authors, but it was not detected in the present study using T-RFLP. Although it was isolated on solid media and detected in enrichment (bioleaching) cultures. The presence of the two bacterial species detected by T-RFLP (L. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum) was also confirmed by cultivation on solid media. The presence and relative abundance of bacteria inhabiting Lake Robule was explained by the physiological characteristics of the bacteria and the physico-chemical characteristics of the lake water.

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Zheleznichenko, Tatiana V., Dinara S. Muraseva, Andrey S. Erst, Alexander A. Kuznetsov, Maxim S. Kulikovskiy, and Vera A. Kostikova. "The Influence of Solid and Liquid Systems In Vitro on the Growth and Biosynthetic Characteristics of Microshoot Culture of Spiraea betulifolia ssp. aemiliana." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 2362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032362.

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The paper focuses on the growth dynamics and biosynthetic characteristics of the microshoot culture of Spiraea betulifolia ssp. aemiliana obtained in vitro in agar-solidified and liquid media. Microshoots cultured in either type of media showed similar growth dynamics. The most active culture growth was observed from day 35 to day 60. A comparative analysis of the contents of flavonoids and phenol carboxylic acids showed a higher level of phenol carboxylic acids (5.3–6.84%) and a stronger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical–scavenging activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration: 341 µg/mL) in S. betulifolia ssp. aemiliana microshoots grown in the liquid medium compared to the microshoots cultured in the solid medium. The flavonoid content of the cultured microshoot did not depend on the consistency of the medium. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to study the profile and levels of phenolic compounds in microshoots, intact plants, and ex vitro–acclimated S. betulifolia ssp. aemiliana plants. The concentration of kaempferol glycosides was found to be higher in microshoots (1.33% in the solid medium, 1.06% in the liquid medium) compared to intact plants and ex vitro–acclimated plants. Thus, the microshoots of S. betulifolia ssp. aemiliana cultured in the liquid medium rapidly increase their biomass and are an inexpensive promising source of biologically active antioxidant substances, mainly phenol carboxylic acids and kaempferol glycosides.

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40

Schoenborn, Liesbeth, Penelope S. Yates, Bronwyn E. Grinton, Philip Hugenholtz, and Peter H. Janssen. "Liquid Serial Dilution Is Inferior to Solid Media for Isolation of Cultures Representative of the Phylum-Level Diversity of Soil Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (July 2004): 4363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.4363-4366.2004.

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ABSTRACT Representatives of only four well-characterized bacterial phyla were isolated from a pasture soil by using liquid serial dilution culture. In contrast, members of Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Gemmatimonadetes and of other poorly represented bacterial lineages were isolated in earlier experiments with solidified versions of the same media. We conclude that, contrary to expectation, liquid serial dilution culture is inferior to culturing on solid media for isolating representatives of many bacterial phyla from soil.

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41

De Oliveira, Vinicius H., and Mark Tibbett. "Cd and Zn interactions and toxicity in ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes in axenic culture." PeerJ 6 (March 7, 2018): e4478. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4478.

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BackgroundMetal contamination in soils affects both above- and belowground communities, including soil microorganisms. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are an important component in belowground community and tolerant strains have great potential in enhancing plant-based remediation techniques. We assessed cadmium and zinc toxicity in five ECM species in liquid media (Hebeloma subsaponaceum;H. cylindrosporum;H. crustuliniforme;Sclerodermasp.;Austroboletus occidentalis) and investigated the potential of Zn to alleviate Cd toxicity. Due to highly divergent results reported in the literature, liquid and solid media were compared experimentally for the first time in terms of differential toxicity thresholds in Cd and Zn interactions.MethodsA wide range of Cd and Zn concentrations were applied to ectomycorrhizal fungi in axenic cultures (in mg L−1): 0; 1; 3; 9; 27; 81; 243 for the Cd treatments, and 0; 1; 30; 90; 270; 810; 2,430 for Zn. Combined Zn and Cd treatments were also applied toH. subsaponaceumandSclerodermasp. Dry weight was recorded after 30 days, and in case of solid medium treatments, radial growth was also measured.Results and DiscussionAll species were adversely affected by high levels of Cd and Zn, andA. occidentaliswas the most sensitive, with considerable biomass decrease at 1 mg L−1Cd, whileSclerodermasp. andH. subsaponaceumwere the most tolerant, which are species commonly found in highly contaminated sites. Cd was generally 10 times more toxic than Zn, which may explain why Zn had little impact in alleviating Cd effects. In some cases, Cd and Zn interactions led to a synergistic toxicity, depending on the concentrations applied and type of media used. Increased tolerance patterns were detected in fungi grown in solid medium and may be the cause of divergent toxicity thresholds found in the literature. Furthermore, solid medium allows measuring radial growth/mycelial density as endpoints which are informative and in this case appeared be related to the high tolerance indices found inH. subsaponaceum.

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42

Hesmondhalgh, David. "Capitalism and the media: moral economy, well-being and capabilities." Media, Culture & Society 39, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443716643153.

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Анотація:

This article aims to contribute to the renewal of consideration of media and culture under capitalism, by seeking solid normative foundations for critique via various compatible elements: moral economy, well-being understood as flourishing and Sen and Nussbaum’s capabilities approach. Insufficient attention has been paid to normative and conceptual issues concerning capitalism, media and culture. Moral economy approaches might help fill this gap by valuably providing a richly critical ethics-based approach, drawing on political economy, cultural studies and social theory. Two further concepts, compatible with moral economy, can reinvigorate and renew critique of capitalism, media and culture. The first is a particular (Aristotelian) conception of well-being, understood as flourishing. This is outlined, and its potential contribution to critique of media and culture under capitalism is explicated. The second concept is capabilities, which can provide a basis for dealing with different understandings of flourishing. The article outlines the capabilities approach, analyses rare applications of it to media and culture, and explains how these applications might be built upon, by developing Nussbaum’s work in a way that could ground critique in an understanding of the potential value of media and culture in contributing to people’s flourishing.

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43

Kusuma, Baruna, Rima Oktavia Kusuma, Joni Johanda Putra, and Ren Fitriadi. "Air Limbah Budidaya Lele dengan Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) berbeda untuk Media Budidaya Daphnia sp." MANFISH JOURNAL 1, no. 02 (September 30, 2020): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31573/manfish.v1i02.168.

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Catfish farming waste contains a lot of organic materials which also contain phytoplankton. One of the organic materials is in the form of dissolved solids / Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). The content of TDS and Phytoplankton can be used as an alternative growth medium for Daphnia sp. Daphnia sp. is a type of cladocera for fish natural food. Catfish culture waste produces different TDS values depending on the cultivation method and the food given to catfish. This study tested catfish culture waste containing different TDS for Daphnia sp. Treatment Media of catfish culture wastewater with 4 treatments of TDS value of 33, 66, 84 and 110 ppm with 3 replications. Daphnia with a density of 20 individuals / L was reared in an aquarium size 60x30x35 cm filled with 50 L of well water with a TDS content of 100 ppm. Treatment of feeding catfish culture wastewater at a dose of 0.5 L per day. Daphnia sp. and 3.5 L of sifon once a week. Water quality tests (DO, pH, temperature, TDS) were carried out every day as secondary data. The results of the analysis of the growth statistical test of Daphnia sp. showed no significant difference. This means that aquaculture wastewater with TDS values of 33 ppm, 66 ppm, 84 ppm, and 110 ppm results in the growth of Daphnia sp. which is just as good. This is because the phytoplankton that grow in wastewater with TDS values of 33, 66, 84, 110 ppm can meet the feed needs of Daphnia sp. during cultivation. From the results of the water quality test the DO and pH values during the study were in good standard conditions for cultivation. The TDS that was observed every day for one week increased this was due to the dissolved solids content of Daphnia sp. The temperature observed during the study fluctuated very large, where at night the temperature was 20 0C while during the day it was 27.5 0C. This drastic temperature fluctuation led to the proliferation of Daphnia sp. not maximal.

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Negreiros, Monique Antunes, Milthes Viana Guedes, Thaís Karoline de Sousa Rodrigues, Beatriz Rebelo Rodrigues, Andria Lopes Cruz, Priscila Dallé da Rosa, Saulo Fernandes de Andrade, Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria, Ranieri Campos, and Maxwel Adriano Abegg. "Evaluation of culture media and conditions of Amazonian filamentous fungi in an antimicrobial screening program." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 14 (November 5, 2021): e370101422065. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.22065.

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The rediscovery of bioactive compounds is a problem within natural product screening programs, because the chemical-genetic diversity of fungi is little explored and the standardization of cultivation conditions that allow obtaining new actives is critical in such programs. In this work, the impact of two solid mediums (rice and oats), a liquid medium (Czapeck broth) and different fermentation conditions were evaluated in order to explore new metabolic routes. Twelve filamentous fungi from Amazonian environments were used. UV-Vis spectrophotometry estimated the complexity of the extracts produced. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against an isolate of each Escherichia coli strain, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Solid media proved to be more promising, as they allowed a wider range of active metabolites to be obtained. The oat medium provided a greater variety of metabolites, but due to the great complexity of the extracts obtained, the separation procedures were considerably more complex than for rice. Together, the rice culture medium and the use of 39 days of fermentation proved to be more promising conditions than the liquid medium normally used in screening programs in Brazil. The cultivation of Penicillium maximae (isolated for the second time in Brazilian territory) in solid medium provided the production of active fractions against E. coli in bioautography. In this study, it was observed that different fermentation conditions in solid culture are considerably promising in the search for bioactive natural products.

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Acemi, Arda, and Fazıl Özen. "Optimization of in vitro asymbiotic seed germination protocol for Serapias vomeracea." EuroBiotech Journal 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2019-0017.

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Abstract Serapias vomeracea is an economically important orchid species which is over-collected from nature, because of its glucomannan-rich tubers. Thus, optimization of in vitro culture methodology in this species is required to meet industrial needs and to secure its populations in nature. This study aimed to optimize the surface sterilization protocol for S. vomeracea seeds and to select the optimal seed germination medium by comparing the commonly used media in in vitro orchid culture. During seed surface sterilization, ethyl alcohol (EtOH) pre-treatment prior to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatment increased the disinfection success and viable seed yield when examined using the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) seed viability test. Also, low-g force centrifugation as an additional step in the surface sterilization method separated the seeds without embryo from the viable seeds and thereby decreased potential counting errors after incubation. Comparison of media showed that solid Knudson C (KN) medium induced the highest number of germinated seeds. However, seed germination success of Lindemann (LN) and Vacin & Went (VW) media was found to be higher when the media was used in liquid form. Half-strength liquid VW was the only medium that induced higher germination success than the other full-strength media. The highest number of ungerminated seeds was found when using KN medium whereas liquid VW medium gave the lowest number. In general, protocorm formation was triggered when the media were used in liquid form. However, rhizoid elongation was suppressed in liquid media. These findings suggest that this optimized seed surface sterilization method offers a simple and effective alternative to classical methods. Additionally, solid KN medium may be considered as a cost-effective and reliable alternative to other commonly-used complex media in S. vomeracea cultures.

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Moraes, C., A. C. Monteiro, A. C. R. Machado, J. C. Barbosa, and D. A. Mochi. "Production of a bioherbicide agent in liquid and solid medium and in a biphasic cultivation system." Planta Daninha 32, no. 2 (June 2014): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000200002.

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The use of fungi in weeds control programs depends upon the conidia production in large scale. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate liquid and solid culture media and the cultivation by biphasic system for the conidia production of Bipolaris euphorbiae Muchovej & Carvalho a specific pathogen of Euphorbia heterophylla. The liquid media were obtained from agro-industrial waste or by-products, and the solid media were prepared with mixtures of grains and grain derivatives. The liquid medium made with sugar cane molasses stood out from the others because it provided great sporulation (23 x 10(4) conidia mL-1 of medium), conidial viability (99.7%), and formation of mycelial fungal biomass (1.26 g 100 mL-1 of medium). On solid media conidial production was markedly higher than in liquid media, especially the medium composed by a blend of sorghum grain (40%) and soybean hulls (60%) where the fungus produced 2.3 x 10(7) conidia g-1 of medium. The cultivation of B. euphorbiae in biphasic system not promoted a significant increase in the production of conidia. The solid media were more effective for the mass production of fungus and mixtures of grains and derivatives were effective for increasing conidia production.

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Pathak, Manju, and Danik Martirosyan. "Optimization of an effective growth medium for culturing probiotic bacteria for applications in strict vegetarian food products." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2, no. 10 (October 30, 2012): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v2i10.75.

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Background: This study aimed to modify de Man Rogosa Sharpe culture medium (termed MRS) for selective cultivation of probiotics strain for the consumption by the strictly vegetarian human population. Vegetarian probiotic foods by definition must be free from all animal-derived ingredients. This not only includes the product ingredients but the probiotic inoculum as well. Probiotic starter cultures are traditionally grown and stored in media containing milk or meat-derived ingredients. The presence of these ingredients makes the probiotic cell concentrates unsuitable for use in vegetarian products and thus creates the need for a growth medium which is free from animal-derived ingredients. Present study investigated the growth of a strain of Lactobacillus lactis in MRS. The present invention relates in general to a bacterial culture media, and more specifically a complex microbial culture media, based on plant seed powder extract in place of animal extract for probiotic bacterial growth.Methods: Lactobacillus lactis, a probiotic, was grown in standard MRS culture medium as well as in our various test media (TM) containing various vegetal source in place of beef extract, yeast extract and peptone as in case of MRS. The inoculated culture mediums were incubated at 37C for 72 hours and growth of probiotic is recorded at regular intervals. The growth was recorded as Colony Forming Units (CFUs).Results: The best growth of probiotic is observed in TM 2. TM 2 is the leguminous seed extract. Starter culture mediums for probiotics or other bacteria primarily contain protein from animal source. The possibility of using vegetal protein from TM 2 extract in place of peptones and meat extract for the nitrogen supplementation of culture media for the growth of lactic acid bacteria has been demonstrated. Conclusion: The absolute vegetarian culture medium containing TM 2 is better than standard MRS for the growth of probiotics.Abbreviations: de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS), Colony Forming Units (CFU), test media (TM), National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Tamarind seed powder (TSP), solid-state fermentation (SSF), Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS)Keywords: probiotics, lactic acid bacteria, vegetarian

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Gruda, Nazim S. "Advances in Soilless Culture and Growing Media in Today’s Horticulture—An Editorial." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112773.

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The soilless culture system is a promising, intensive, and sustainable approach with various advantages for plant production. The Special Issue “Soilless Culture, Growing Media, and Horticultural Plants” includes 22 original papers and 1 review written by 84 authors from 15 countries. The purpose of this Special Issue was to publish high-quality research articles that address the recent developments in the cultivation of horticultural plants in soilless culture systems and solid growing media. The published articles investigated new developments in simplified and advanced systems; the interaction between soilless and environmental factors with their effects on plant growth and photosynthesis, and the accumulation of secondary metabolites; the analyses of nutrient solution and hydraulic properties of substrates and mixtures; and the microbe–plant growing media interactions. Climate change and environmental and ecological issues will determine and drive the development of soilless culture systems and the choice of growing media constituents in the near future. Bioresources and renewable raw materials have great potential for use as growing medium constituents.

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Tung, Hoang Thanh, Truong Hoai Phong, Phan Le Ha Nguyen, Luong Thien Nghia, Ha Thi My Ngan, Do Manh Cuong, Huynh Gia Bao, et al. "Iron nanoparticles on growth and acclimatization of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. "Jimba" in different culture systems." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/18/2/14646.

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In plant tissue culture, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) was one of the first types of nano to be used in plants. Previous reports have identified the effect of FeNPs on many different plant species. In this study, FeNPs was used to replace Fe-EDTA in MS (Murashige, Skoog, 1962) medium to assess their effects on growth, chlorophyll (a, b and a+b) accumulation, antioxidant activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, and acclimatization in greenhouse conditions in different culture systems (in vitro solid, in vitro hydroponic and microponic culture). The obtained results show that FeNPs added to MS medium was higher growth, chlorophyll (a, b and a+b) content, antioxidant activity of SOD and APX enzymes than Fe-EDTA in MS medium as control treatment. The effect of FeNPs are differences between culture systems. In vitro solid and microponic culture systems, the optimal concentration is 75 mM FeNPs and in vitro hydroponic culture system is 100 mM FeNPs. The optimal activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD (35.04 U.mg−1 prot) obtained in the roots of cultured plants in microponic culture system; meanwhile, the optimal activity of the antioxidant enzyme APX (2.11 μmol.min−1.mg−1 prot) obtained in leaves cultivated in solid culture system. The plantlets derived from MS medium added FeNPs were transfered into greenhouse conditions, the microponic cultivated plants supplemented with FeNPs at a concentration of 100 mM gave the highest survival rate (94.67%). The results of this study showed that FeNPs can replace Fe-EDTA salt in MS medium, and iron deficiency in culture media will reduce chlorophyll content.

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Szita, G., B. Gyetvai, J. Szita, M. Gyenes, N. Solymos, L. Soos, A. Hajos, P. Toth, and S. Bernáth. "Synthetic Culture Media Evaluated for the Detection of Coliform Bacteria in Milk, Cheese and Egg Melange." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 1 (2008): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877010143.

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Simple synthetic culture media of liquid and solid form (X broth and X agar) were tested for selective isolation of coliform bacteria. Selectivity is based on the ability of coliform bacteria to grow when the minimal medium contains simple inorganic substances as nitrogen and carbon supply. Selectivity of the media was tested by inoculation of pure cultures of different microbes belonging to the genera of Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas and the family Enterobacteriaceae and was found to be complete in this range. The comparative investigation of milk, camembert cheese and egg melange samples in the traditional and new media proved good applicability of X broth and X agar for an effective and selective detection of coliform bacteria. When testing pasteurized milk samples, X agar detected coliforms in significantly higher counts than violet red-bile-lactose agar.

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