Статті в журналах: "SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM"

1

Pant, Gunjan, Chandan Swaroop Meena, and Veena Choudhary. "Review on Solar Assisted Heat Pump Water Heating System." International Journal of Energy Resources Applications 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 58–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56896/ijera.2022.1.2.011.

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2

Fanney, A. H., and B. P. Dougherty. "A Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2887891.

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A novel solar water heating system was patented in 1994. This system uses photovoltaic cells to generate electrical energy that is subsequently dissipated in multiple electric resistive heating elements. A microprocessor controller continually selects the appropriate heating elements such that the resistive load causes the photovoltaic array to operate at or near maximum power. Unlike other residential photovoltaic systems, the photovoltaic solar water heating system does not require an inverter to convert the direct current supplied by the photovoltaic array to an alternating current or a battery system for storage. It uses the direct current supplied by the photovoltaic array and the inherent storage capabilities of a residential water heater. A photovoltaic solar hot water system eliminates the components most often associated with the failures of solar thermal hot water systems. Although currently more expensive than a solar thermal hot water system, the continued decline of photovoltaic cell prices is likely to make this system competitive with solar thermal hot water systems within the next decade. This paper describes the system, discusses the advantages and disadvantages relative to solar thermal water heating systems, reviews the various control strategies which have been considered, and presents experimental results for two full-scale prototype systems.

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3

Ait Ahmed, Wassima, Mohammed Aggour, and Fayçal Bennani. "Automating a solar water heating system." Journal of Energy Systems 1, no. 2 (November 5, 2017): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30521/jes.330414.

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4

Gojak, Milan, Filip Ljubinac, and Miloš Banjac. "Simulation of solar water heating system." FME Transactions 47, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fmet1901001g.

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5

Mohsen, Mousa S., and Bilal A. Akash. "On integrated solar water heating system." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 29, no. 1 (January 2002): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1933(01)00332-3.

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6

Khambalkar, Vivek P., Sharashchandra R. Gadge, and Dhiraj S. Karale. "Solar water cost and feasibility of solar water heating system." International Journal of Global Energy Issues 31, no. 2 (2009): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgei.2009.023896.

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7

Matuska, Tomas, and Borivoj Sourek. "Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Water Heating System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7540250.

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Performance of solar photovoltaic water heating systems with direct coupling of PV array to DC resistive heating elements has been studied and compared with solar photothermal systems. An analysis of optimum fixed load resistance for different climate conditions has been performed for simple PV heating systems. The optimum value of the fixed load resistance depends on the climate, especially on annual solar irradiation level. Use of maximum power point tracking compared to fixed optimized load resistance increases the annual yield by 20 to 35%. While total annual efficiency of the PV water heating systems in Europe ranges from 10% for PV systems without MPP tracking up to 15% for system with advanced MPP trackers, the efficiency of solar photothermal system for identical hot water load and climate conditions is more than 3 times higher.

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8

Syaifurrahman, A. Gani Usman, and Rakasiwi Rinjani. "Solar Water Heating System for Biodiesel Production." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183102012.

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Nowadays, electricity become very expensive thing in some remote areas. Energy from solar panels give the solution as renewable energy that is environment friendly. West Borneo is located on the equator where the sun shines for almost 10-15 hours/day. Solar water heating system which is includes storage tank and solar collections becomes a cost-effective way to generate the energy. Solar panel heat water is delivered to water in storage tank. Hot water is used as hot fluid in biodiesel jacked reactor. The purposes of this research are to design Solar Water Heating System for Biodiesel Production and measure the rate of heat-transfer water in storage tank. This test has done for 6 days, every day from 8.30 am until 2.30 pm. Storage tank and collection are made from stainless steel and polystyrene a well-insulated. The results show that the heater can be reach at 50ºC for ±2.5 hours and the maximum temperature is 62ºC where the average of light intensity is 1280 lux.

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9

Sun, Liangliang, Nan Xiang, Yanping Yuan, and Xiaoling Cao. "Experimental Investigation on Performance Comparison of Solar Water Heating-Phase Change Material System and Solar Water Heating System." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122347.

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Phase change material can be used as heat transfer fluid in the solar water heating system, which is the latest way to improve thermal efficiency. In this paper, graphene composite paraffin emulsion is used as heat transfer fluid in a solar water heating-phase change material (SWH-PCM) system. By comparing with the traditional solar water heating (SWH) system, the thermal performance characteristics of SWH-PCM system have been investigated experimentally. The SWH-PCM system has higher heat storage than the SWH system. The heat storage of SWH-PCM system and SWH system all increase with the increase of solar irradiance, while the thermal efficiency has the opposite trend. The flow rate has a greater influence on the thermal efficiency of SWH-PCM system than that of the SWH system. With the flow rate of 200 L/h, the thermal efficiency of SWH-PCM system is 14.21% higher than that of the SWH system. In summary, the SWH-PCM system is a promising solar water heating system with high heat storage and thermal efficiency.

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10

Wang, Hai Ying, Song Tao Hu, and Jia Ping Liu. "Joint Application of Solar Water Heating System and Air-Conditioning System in a Dormitory Building." Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (December 2010): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.215.

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Solar water heating system is used to supply hot water all-year-round for a new dormitory building. Flat solar energy collectors are mounted on the roof. The hot water tank and pumps are installed together with the air conditioning equipments in the plant room. Air cooled heat pump is used to provide cooling in summer, and high temperature water from boiler room (in old building) is used as heat source in winter. Usually auxiliary heating is necessary to improve the stability and reliability of solar water heating system. In this case, we take full use of the equipment of air conditioning system instead of electricity as auxiliary heating resources. In this paper, we introduced the design of the solar water heating system and the auxiliary heating method by air conditioning systems. The control strategies to fulfill all the functions and switch between different conditions are also introduced.

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11

Dai, Yuan De, and Na Yu. "Experimental Study on Solar Assisted Heat-Pump Water Heating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.151.

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Solar assisted heat-pump water heating system combines the advantages of Solar Utilization Technology and heat pump water heating technology, it is a new water heating system with energy conservation and environmental protection. Under the premise of putting up experimental system, some performance parameters have been tested, such as the heating rate, the heat collecting efficiency of the system and the influence of indoor air temperature on the outlet water temperature and the energy efficiency ratio of the water heating system. The experimental results show that solar assisted heat-pump water heating system has the advantages of high energy efficiency ratio, shorter consuming time than traditional solar water heating system when heating water, and it can be concluded that this new water heating system should be applied in the future.

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12

Norhafana, M., Ahmad Faris Ismail, and Z. A. A. Majid. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOLAR COLLECTORS USING A SOLAR SIMULATOR." IIUM Engineering Journal 16, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v16i2.606.

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Solar water heating systems is one of the applications of solar energy. One of the components of a solar water heating system is a solar collector that consists of an absorber. The performance of the solar water heating system depends on the absorber in the solar collector. In countries with unsuitable weather conditions, the indoor testing of solar collectors with the use of a solar simulator is preferred. Thus, this study is conducted to use a multilayered absorber in the solar collector of a solar water heating system as well as to evaluate the performance of the solar collector in terms of useful heat of the multilayered absorber using the multidirectional ability of a solar simulator at several values of solar radiation. It is operated at three variables of solar radiation of 400 W/m2, 550 W/m2 and 700 W/m2 and using three different positions of angles at 0Âº, 45Âº and 90Âº. The results show that the multilayer absorber in the solar collector is only able to best adapt at 45Â° of solar simulator with different values of radiation intensity. At this angle the maximum values of useful heat and temperature difference are achieved.Â KEYWORDS: solar water heating system; solar collector; multilayered absorber; solar simulator; solar radiationÂ

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13

Rahaman, Md Habibur, and Tariq Iqbal. "Comparison of Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Collector for Residential Water Heating and Space Heating System." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.12.1640.

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Almost all single-family detached houses in Canada consume enormous electrical energy for space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) purposes. There are many possibilities to design an energy-efficient house. A solar water heating system can be used for domestic water and space heating. Water temperature can be kept constant always by connecting a heat pump or oil burner to the main tank because solar energy is intermittent. The sizing of solar photovoltaic and collector, tank, heat pump are essential to design an effective system based on the system energy consumption. The existing house is just a conventional house where space and water heating are provided by the grid electricity only. In this research, two possible ways of thermal energy storage systems have been designed for a residential single-family house with solar collector and solar photovoltaic. It is proved that the proposed PV based energy storage system is highly suitable considering lower cost, high output power, flexibility, and easy installation.

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14

HASAN, AFIF. "OPTIMIZATION OF DOMESTIC SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM." International Journal of Solar Energy 17, no. 2-3 (October 1995): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425919508914294.

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15

Fanney, A. H., B. P. Dougherty, and K. P. Kramp. "Field Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating Systems." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888031.

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Energy consumed for water heating accounts for approximately 17.9 EJ of the energy consumed by residential and commercial buildings. Although there are over 90 million water heaters currently in use within the United States (Zogg and Barbour, 1996), durability and installation issues as well as initial cost have limited the sales of solar water heaters to less than 1 million units. Durability issues have included freeze and fluid leakage problems, failure of pumps and their associated controllers, the loss of heat transfer fluids under stagnation conditions, and heat exchanger fouling. The installation of solar water heating systems has often proved difficult, requiring roof penetrations for the piping that transports fluid to and from the solar collectors. Fanney and Dougherty have recently proposed and patented a solar water heating system that eliminates the durability and installation problems associated with current solar water heating systems. The system employs photovoltaic modules to generate electrical energy which is dissipated in multiple electric heating elements. A microprocessor controller is used to match the electrical resistance of the load to the operating characteristics of the photovoltaic modules. Although currently more expensive than existing solar hot water systems, photovoltaic solar water heaters offer the promise of being less expensive than solar thermal systems within the next decade. To date, photovoltaic solar water heating systems have been installed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD and the Florida Solar Energy Center in Cocoa, FL. This paper will review the technology employed, describe the two photovoltaic solar water heating systems, and present measured performance data.

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16

Wang, Xue Ying, Dong Xu, and Ya Jun Wu. "Analysis about Solar Water Heating System and Residential Building Integrated Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.13.

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The solar energy is a free from contamination of green energy, the application of solar energy in building is booming in recent years. Solar water heating system in the building and the organic combination are also getting forward. In order to meet the people of high quality life pursuit, more and more housing are designed with solar water heating system. The paper expounds the necessity and importance about solar water heating system integration and illustrates that residential building solar hot water system of building integrated principle, emphasize we should use the life cycle of the technology economic evaluation methods to speed up the establishment residential building solar water heating system and building integrated evaluation system.

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17

Rahaman, Md Habibur, and Tariq Iqbal. "A Comparison of Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Collector for Residential Water Heating and Space Heating System." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.12.1640.

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Анотація:

Almost all single-family detached houses in Canada consume enormous electrical energy for space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) purposes. There are many possibilities to design an energy-efficient house. A solar water heating system can be used for domestic water and space heating. Water temperature can be kept constant always by connecting a heat pump or oil burner to the main tank because solar energy is intermittent. The sizing of solar photovoltaic and collector, tank, heat pump are essential to design an effective system based on the system energy consumption. The existing house is just a conventional house where space and water heating are provided by the grid electricity only. In this research, two possible ways of thermal energy storage systems have been designed for a residential single-family house with solar collector and solar photovoltaic. It is proved that the proposed PV based energy storage system is highly suitable considering lower cost, high output power, flexibility, and easy installation.

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18

Jobbágy, Ján, Koloman Krištof, Pavol Findura, Oľga Urbanovičová, and Milan Križan. "The Utilisation of Solar System in Combined Heating System of Water." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 1 (2017): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765010041.

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The paper assessed the topicality and returns of solar system utilization to heating of water. Practical measurements were conducted after reconstruction of the family house. (in Nesvady, Slovak republic), on which the solar system were assembled. The system consists of the gas heater, solar panels, distributions and circulation pump. The solar system was assembled due to decreasing of operation costs and connected with conventional already used gas heating system by boiler Quantum (V = 115 L). The conventional system was used for 21 days to gather basic values for evaluation. At this point it was observed that 11.93 m3 of gas is needed to heat up 1 m3 of water. Used water in this case was heated from initial 16.14 °C to 52.04 °C of output temperature. Stand by regime of boiler was characterized by 0.012 m3.h-1 consumption of gas. The rest of the measurements represent the annual (from 03/2013 to 02/2014) operation process of boiler Tatramat VTS 200L (trivalent) with 200 litres of volume (as a part of Thermosolar solar system). The solar collectors TS 300 are also part of the solar system. An input and output temperatures of heating water we observed along with water and gas consumption, intensity of solar radiation and actual weather conditions. The amount of heat produced by solar system was then calculated. Total investment on solar system were 2,187.7 € (1,475.7 € with subsidy). Therefore, return on investment for the construction of the solar system was set at 23 years even with subsidy.

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19

Algarni, Salem, Vineet Tirth, Talal Alqahtani, Pravin R. Kshirsagar, and Baru Debtera. "Scrutiny of Solar Water Heating System Employing Supercritical Fluid." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (June 8, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6752289.

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This paper proposes a solar collector that utilizes supercritical CO2 as the working fluid to detect implicit water heating and boost the collector’s heating rate efficiency. Solar water heating system efficiency, cost, and environmental friendliness all depend on the working fluid used. CO2 is a possible natural refrigerant replacement. Even a little increase in temperature or pressure may have a big impact on the density of CO2 at the critical point. Because of this, solar heating can readily generate a spontaneous convection flow of supercritical carbon dioxide. The most basic collector characteristics, such as CO2 pressure and temperature, were determined by building and testing an experimental setup using a CO2-based solar collector. Due to solar radiation, liquid, gas, or supercritical CO2 pressures and temperatures change throughout the test. There was a 50% time average collector efficiency (ηcol) and a 30% heat recovery efficiency (ηRE). Solar thermal collectors based on supercritical CO2 have now been shown in this paper. Since the results show that even though the solar energy is low, the CO2 temperature, pressure, and supercritical stress remain constant, this is distinct from conventional liquid-based solar collectors.

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20

Zhang, T., Z. W. Yan, L. Y. Wang, W. J. Zheng, and Y. H. Su. "Comparative study on the annual performance between loop thermosyphon solar water heating system and conventional solar water heating system." Solar Energy 197 (February 2020): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.01.019.

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21

Wu, Jin Shun, Song Pan, Jun Wei, Hong Wei Liu, Yi Xuan Wei, Ju Bao Zhao, Hui Zhang, and Bing Xue Wang. "Energy Saving Analysis on Solar Capillary Radiation Heating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2807.

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Radiation capillary used as air conditioning terminal lower the demand of heating water temperature. In additional, solar collectors could also supply amount of low grade energy for heating. Meanwhile, solar is a kind of renewable, sustainable and environment friendly energy. It will save a massive of conventional energy if make full use of solar for heating. In this paper, an experimental system made of solar collector, capillary network and pump was built up and tested. According to thermal load of experimental room, both solar collector area and capillary network area are calculated, and circulating water temperature was analyzed in detail. A summary is given about characteristics of heat storage and release of solar collector, indoor air temperature varying and amount of energy saving. The key factors affect efficiency of collector includes water volume, water temperature in tanker and indoor air temperature. The results show that the solar system can well meet the heating demand and the effect of energy saving is very significant compared to common heating system.

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22

Santos, Victor D. N., Manuel Cerveira, and Fernando Moita. "New Solar Water Heating System: Safety, Design and Implementation Issues." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 11, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2018-0005.

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Abstract This paper presents a new electronic controller, devoted to solar water heating systems, that implements safety functions to prevent L. pneumophila bacteria outbreaks. The controller uses data retrieved from strategically located probes in order to implement the proposed safety actions. The electronic solution was integrated and validated on a solar system prototype bench that uses real equipment such as collectors, a water storage tank and expansion vessels. Moreover, two particular solar water heating installations were designed devoted to a house family and a nursing home both located on the Mealhada area. The methodology and reported technical solutions in this research could be a practical guide to promote mass market usage of the solar water heating systems in Portugal.

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23

Xu, Yu Mei, and Lei Huang. "Study on the Low Temperature Hot Water Heating System by Solar Energy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.188.

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In this paper, we combine villa in comparing low temperature solar water for floor heating with regular heating sources. In the end, this paper analysis the economization and conservation benefit of solar heating system and domestic hot water. The best scheme of villa is solar system combining centralizing hearing.

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24

Du, Xiao Hui, Hai Shan Xia, and Zhong Yi. "Test and Research of Solar Water Heating System on High-Rise Residences." Advanced Materials Research 224 (April 2011): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.224.42.

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During the integrated design of solar hot water system into high-rise residences, economy of solar hot water system directly effects its popularization and application. Combining with the concentrated solar water heating system on one high-rise residences, This paper tidies up the testing data on the June to October, and calculates solar insuring rate, auxiliary heat source heating rate and hot water cost at the different weather conditions, analyzes on the causes and provides some improvement advice, which will put forward the reference for architects to make the integrated design on the solar water heating system on high-rise residences.

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25

Marcic, Simon, Rebeka Kovacic-Lukman, and Peter Virtic. "Hybrid system solar collectors - heat pumps for domestic water heating." Thermal Science 23, no. 6 Part A (2019): 3675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180314187m.

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This paper deals with the use of solar energy, heat pumps, and solar system-heat pump combinations for domestic water heating. The testing of solar tiles, flat plate collectors as an autonomous system, as well as flat plate collector-heat pump and solar tile-heat pump combinations, are presented. Black-coloured water absorbs solar radiation flows through solar tiles made of transparent polymethyl methacrylate (CH2C(CH3)COOCH3). At the same time, solar tiles are used as a roof covering and as a solar radiation collector. Hot water from solar tiles or a flat plate collector is directed to the heat pump, which increases the temperature of water entering the boiler heating coil. The heat of water heated in solar tiles or in flat plate collectors serves as a source of energy for the heat pump. Since the goal was realistically evaluate the efficiency of solar tiles in comparison with the flat plate collector, extensive measurements of both systems under identical condition were carried out. The experiments were carried out in rainy, cloudy, and clear weather.

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26

Khanal, Ramesh. "Prospect of Floor Heating System in Residential Buildings in Kathmandu Using Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)." SCITECH Nepal 13, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/scitech.v13i1.23502.

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Underfloor heating system is more suitable for space heating because of its unique temperature gradient profile. If solar radiation can be utilized for heating of water in radiant floor heating system, the cost of electricity can be reduced. Because of the sufficient availability of solar radiation in Kathmandu Valley during winter season, underfloor heating with solar water heating can be a viable technology for residential buildings. So this paper is focused on identifying suitable system/or domestic radiant floor heating system. Compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) water heating system is more suitable for heating water because tracking system is not required and sufficient water temperature can be achieved. It is also found that more studies are necessary to make the system cost effective and suitable for the residential buildings in Kathmandu.

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27

Schneider, F. P., C. E. C. Nogueira, Fernando Toniazzo, S. N. M. Souza, J. A. C. Siqueira, I. L. Nogueira, and D. R. Santos. "Characterization of a Water Heating System Using Solar Collector With Conical Concentrator." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 12 (November 15, 2018): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n12p405.

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Анотація:

This study aimed to evaluate a solar water heating system for using on residences, using a solar collector with conical concentrator. The principle of light concentration in a solar collector with conical concentrator is the capture and reflection of solar radiation in the center of a tapered concentrator with internal reflective faces. The area of concentration of solar energy is occupied by a receiver with material of high thermal conductivity, properly isolated by transparent surfaces, to form the greenhouse effect, where the thermal energy is transferred to a working fluid. The characterization of the system was done through field tests to determine the efficiency in the water heating. The tests were performed considering different scenarios, which varied according to the heating system (passive and active with different water flow) and solar tracking (manual adjustment and stationary). The results showed that the scenarios with solar tracking presented an average efficiency of 12.63%, which was more efficient than those presented by the fixed orientation, which was 11.44%. Besides that, it was verified that the active solar heating systems were more efficient than the passive ones.

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28

Cai, Zhi Duan, Wu Ming He, Pei Liang Wang, and Shou Jiang Cai. "Pre-Heating Storage Design of Solar Heating System Based on SVM." Advanced Materials Research 320 (August 2011): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.320.548.

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The heating model of pre-heating storage in advance during the valley period of electricity is proposed to solve the intermittent heating problem brought by large solar heating systems affected by change in climate and day and night or other factors. Aiming at best energy saving and the capability of continues heating of solar heating system, the SVM is applied to predict the start time, the highest temperature, the volume of water and other key parameters of the model. The solar heating system apply the pre-heating storage control model that has been trained to meet the practical requirements of different consumers and climate in the application process. Experimental results show that the pre-heating storage model can improve the energy efficiency of large solar heating system and the capacity of real-time continuous heating. The article provides a new control model with large-scale solar heating system.

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29

Zhang, Bo Yang, Ya Hui Xie, and Shun Xiang Sun. "Applied Research of Solar Water Heater Integrated with Modern Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 4492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4492.

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This paper describes the application forms of building integrated with solar energy. We explain a solar water heating system; its solar collectors and water storage tanks are placed together. We discuss another solar water heating system, its solar collectors are placed together but its water storage tanks are placed in every resident's home. This paper also introduces the wall-hung SWH and the application of solar refrigeration and solar heating. At last we analyze the problems of the development of solar water heater integrated with modern architecture.

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30

Guan, Zhen Zhong, Chong Jie Wang, and Yi Bing Xue. "The Application of Solar District Heating and Water Heating Integrated System in Residential Quarter." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.97.

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A solar district heating and water heating integrated system has been designed and installed in a 5000m2 residential quarter. The integrated system uses vacuum glass tube solar collector to collect solar radiation energy, and uses water as heat medium. Solar energy provides almost 50% of the total heating energy consumption in winter. The inadequate part of energy can be provided by a steam heater which steam is provided by exhaust steam of the turbine from a power station nearby. The integrated system is operating automatically according to the solar radiation and working condition. Low-temperature floor radiation system is used as indoor heat radiator. At the same time, the system can provide 24h hot water supply. The integrated system has operated for 3 years, saves a large amount of energy, and receives good profit in both economical and environment.

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31

Savchenko, Olena, and Zenon Savchenko. "Estimation of Solar Hot Water System Operation for a Residential Building." Energy Engineering and Control Systems 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jeecs2021.01.001.

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Solar hot water supply systems can provide a significant part of the thermal energy needed in the residential sector. The use of solar hot water supply systems can reduce the consumption of traditional energy sources and, consequently, reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this article is to assess the operation of the solar heating system operation to provide the needs of the hot water supply system of a residential building with thermal energy. The efficiency of a flat solar collector operating in a single-circuit thermosyphon system of solar heating of a residential building in Lviv has been established. The solar fraction of the hot water supply system of a residential building is determined depending on the volume of hot water consumed, in particular 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 l/day. It is established that the lower the need for hot water, the greater the solar fraction of the solar hot water supply system. Thus, the average annual solar fraction of the solar hot water supply system with a daily consumption of 50 l/day is 0.77, and with a daily consumption of 100 l/day the solar fraction is 0.39. The average value of the solar fraction for the solar hot water supply systems of the studied house is 0.55.

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32

Sangoi, Juliana May, and Enedir Ghisi. "Energy Efficiency of Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Dwellings in Brazil." Water 11, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051068.

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The objective of this paper was to compare primary energy consumption and energy efficiency during the operation phase of different types and combinations of water heating systems in single-family dwellings. Systems with an electric shower, liquefied petroleum gas heater, and solar heater with electric backup were analysed. The analysis was performed by means of computer simulation using EnergyPlus. Three Brazilian cities with different climates were assessed, i.e., Curitiba, Brasília and Belém. The systems were compared in terms of final energy and primary energy consumption. Results showed that systems with an electric shower, which have a lower water flow rate, led to lower primary energy consumption. The solar heating system combined with an electric shower was the option with the lowest energy consumption, and the solar heating system with a heating element in the storage tank was the option that consumed more energy. The systems were sized according to the requirements of the Brazilian energy efficiency labelling for residential buildings, and the efficiency level was compared to the results of primary energy consumption. The electric shower was found to be the third lowest energy consumer, but it was ranked the least energy efficient by Brazilian labelling, while systems with high energy consumption, such as gas heaters and solar heaters with a heating element in the storage tank, were ranked the most energy efficient. Therefore, a review of the requirements and methodology of the Brazilian energy efficiency labelling for residential buildings is recommended in order to encourage the use of truly efficient systems. Public policies that encourage solar heating systems should establish requirements regarding the configuration and sizing both the solar heating system and the backup system.

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33

Shemelin, Viacheslav, and Tomas Matuska. "Performance Modelling of Dual Air/Water Collector in Solar Water and Space Heating Application." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (April 18, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8560193.

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In the present work, the detailed mathematical model of a dual air/water solar collector (DAWC) has been developed and experimentally verified. To demonstrate the application of the DAWC, three buildings with different energy performance levels and three building locations were chosen in analyzed case studies. Four solar collector systems were compared with one another. The solar yield of the described systems was determined by simulation using the detailed theoretical model of DAWC. The results indicate that in the case of combining a domestic hot water preparation system and recirculating-air heating system based on DAWC, it is possible to achieve up to 30% higher solar energy yield compared to a conventional solar domestic hot water preparation system dependent on climate and building performance.

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34

Hu, Dawei, Hengyu Liu, Yidong Zhu, Tianyu Zhang, Jun Wang, Zhongrui Zhang, Jiazheng Sun, Jingwei Yuan, Zhe Zhang, and Luyu Yang. "Modeling and Simulation of Indirect Collector Solar Hot Water Heating System Based on TRNSYS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2503, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2503/1/012066.

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Abstract The use of solar energy is one of the important ways of clean energy heating in rural areas in the north, and the collector solar water heating system is an effective way to use solar energy. This paper takes a typical single residential house in a rural area of Shenyang as a research case to design an indirect collector solar hot water heating system. Based on the meteorological data of the winter heating period (November 1 - March 31 of the following year) in Shenyang, TRNSYS software was used to research the heat collection efficiency and scheme design of the heating system. The research results showed that: 1) The best material of the heat exchange coil of the hot water storage tank in the solar water heating system of the indirect collector is stainless steel with a thickness of 0.8mm; 2) The optimal installation angle of solar collectors in Shenyang is 55°; 3) The optimal area of the heat exchanger coil in the hot water storage tank is 4.40m2.

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35

Jordan, Rodrigo A., Johnny T. Yamasaki, Vivaldo Silveira Júnior, and Eduardo C. B. Dória. "HYBRID SOLAR HEAT PUMP SYSTEM FOR WATER HEATING." Engenharia Agrícola 39, no. 4 (August 2019): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39n4p419-425/2019.

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36

Kim, Jong-Hyun, Hi-Ki Hong, and Jae-Dong Chung. "Freeze Protection for Passive Solar Water Heating System." Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering 23, no. 5 (May 10, 2011): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2011.23.5.327.

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37

Voropoulos, K., E. Mathioulakis, and V. Belessiotis. "A hybrid solar desalination and water heating system." Desalination 164, no. 2 (April 2004): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(04)00177-8.

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38

Mills, D., and G. L. Morrison. "Optimisation of minimum backup solar water heating system." Solar Energy 74, no. 6 (June 2003): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(03)00191-9.

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39

Zeghib, I., and A. Chaker. "Simulation of a solar domestic water heating system." Energy Procedia 6 (2011): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.05.033.

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40

Hawlader, M. N. A., K. C. Ng, T. T. Chandratilleke, D. Sharma, and H. L. Kelvin Koay. "Economic evaluation of a solar water heating system." Energy Conversion and Management 27, no. 2 (January 1987): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(87)90076-8.

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41

Andersen, E., and S. Furbo. "Theoretical Comparison of Solar Water/Space-Heating Combi Systems and Stratification Design Options." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 4 (May 22, 2007): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2770752.

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A theoretical analysis of differently designed solar combi systems is performed with weather data from the Danish Design Reference Year (55 deg N). Three solar combi system designs found on the market are investigated. The investigation focuses on the influence of stratification on the thermal performance under different operation conditions with different domestic hot water and space heating demands. The solar combi systems are initially equipped with heat exchanger spirals and direct inlets to the tank. A step-by-step investigation is performed demonstrating the influence on the thermal performance of using inlet stratification pipes at the different inlets. Also, how the design of the space heating system, the control system of the solar collectors, and the system size influence the thermal performance of solar combi systems are investigated. The work is carried out within the Solar Heating and Cooling Programme of the International Energy Agency (IEA SHC), Task 32.

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42

Venkatesh, R., and W. Christraj. "Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater in Multipurpose Solar Heating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1706.

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Of all the renewable sources of energy available, solar thermal energy is the most abundant one and is available in both direct as well as indirect forms. In order to increase the thermal performance of solar collectors, the multipurpose solar collectors were investigated experimentally by the storage tank of the conventional solar water collector is modified as riser tubes and header. It is fitted in the bottom of the solar air heater as an absorber in the normal air heater. The thermal performance of thermosyphon flat plate solar water heater was investigated on both summer and winter seasons. The maximum daily average of 72.05%, 0.0316 kg/sm2and 0.873 m/s were recorded for the relative humidity, mass flow rate and wind speed at summer season respectively. Corresponding figure at for winter was 19.5 % 0.0295 kg/sm2and 0.722 m/s respectively. A minimum daily average of 11.23% and 0.384 m/s for the relative humidity and wind speed respectively. These results show that the mass flow rate obtained was a function of solar radiation and relative humidity. The less humid the ambient air becomes, the higher the heat gained by the system hence higher water flow rate. The maximum value of relative humidity obtained is due to low solar radiation on winter season. The heat removal factor (FR) and collector efficiency factor (Fo) were found to be higher for Multipurpose solar water heater as compared to conventional solar water heaters for summer as well as winter season. These factors for Multipurpose solar water heater were more during summer and winter.

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43

Wang, Chun Qing, Chun Jing Lai, and Yan Peng Zhu. "Solar Water Heating System and Building Integration of High-Rise Building in Seismic Zone." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.163.

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Solar water heater has been heavily used in building, but in high-rise building the application of solar water heating system has many difficulties. In seismic zone, solar energy system has strict design requirements as non-structural elements of the building. These restrictions seriously hinder the application of solar energy system in high-rise buildings. Considering the limitations of the use of solar energy in seismic-zone high-rise building, some measures are taken by architectural building integration, structural measures integration, piping layout integration and by optimizing parameters of the solar water heating system. These measures could solve some technical difficulties of solar water heating system in high-rise building in seismic zone.

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44

Clausing, A. M. "Inexpensive Performance Monitoring of Solar Domestic Water Heating Systems." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268255.

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Performance monitoring is essential in order to conclusively demonstrate the cost effectiveness of a solar heating system. Unfortunately, this “last step” is an aspect which has received little engineering consideration. The monitoring programs in progress typically use instrumentation which is much too expensive and complex for use by individual operators of domestic water heating systems. Hence, few systems are monitored, and the average owner knows little about the performance characteristics of his system. Even malfunctions go undetected. An inexpensive performance monitoring system is described in this paper. It could probably be mass-produced for under 15 dollars or built by the typical homeowner for under 30 dollars. The monitor indicates the instantaneous solar fraction. Overall system performance can be improved with this monitor, since it enables the user to correlate load with the availability of solar heated water. Methodology, performance parameters, and some performance data are presented.

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45

Wang, Xue Ying, Dong Xu, and Ya Jun Wu. "Problem about Solar Water Heating System and Residential Building Integrated." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.30.

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This article analyzes the problem in application the solar system was used in residential building, puts forward the requirements to use energy and choose the setting of the solar energy collector from two aspects of building and drainage design respectively. In addition, the article explicates andthe solar energy collector and building integrated design and the development of solar energy collector. At last, the article puts forward some Suggestions on the improvement and development of residential solar hot water system and the design of the hot water supply bath solution of practice to make solar energy and low power assisted by night combining.

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46

Luo, Cheng Long, Ji Hai Xiong, and Min Fan. "Performance Evaluation of a Dual-Function Solar Collector Integrated with Building in Water Heating Mode." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.185.

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The study is for the water heating mode of a novel building integrated solar thermal system named as building-integrated dual-function solar collector. The novel system avoids summer overheating in hot climate and water-freezing in cold climate, meanwhile remains low operating cost as passive solar heating system. For the novel system at the water heating mode, experiment study was carried out in a hotbox, and dynamic numerical model has been established. The experimental and numerical results show that the characteristic thermal efficiency of the collector achieves 47.386% in water heating mode.

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47

Yan, Yan, Liyan Zhang, Yuhan Li, Xiangyu Xu, Zhencheng Jiang, and Feiyu Cheng. "Research on solar water heating system based on TRNSYS simulation optimization." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 4 (May 13, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/27801.

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In this paper, the typical system of solar energy system: natural circulation system and forced circulation system are analyzed. The two systems are simulated on the TRNSYS platform, and the configuration of the system itself has been discussed. The purpose is to provide reference for the scientific implementation of solar energy architecture integration. On the basis of summarizing the solar energy construction technology, the natural circulation system and the forced circulation system of solar hot water system have been discussed emphatically. The simulation experiment is designed on the TRNSYS platform. The influence of different heat collection area and water tank volume on solar energy guarantee rate and system efficiency has been discussed by simulation data. Finally, the optimal allocation scheme of natural constraints of natural circulation and forced circulation has been obtained.

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48

Zhao, Jing, Zhi Ping Wang, Ke Zhen Wang, and Xin Lu. "Analysis of Thermal Performance of Solar Collector in Solar Water Heating System." Advanced Materials Research 1055 (November 2014): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.193.

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The daily collected heat energy of solar collector in solar water heating system is calculated by the modeling of solar collector and stratified tank, and the result is verified by experiments. Through analysis of the calculation results, the simplified formula for calculating the daily collected heat energy is given. Using this simplified formula, the daily collected heat energy under different flow rates is calculated. The result shows that the daily collected heat energy of solar collector running in solar water heating system tends to stable when the flow rate above 0.005kg/(m2.s).

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49

Ntodeni, Sylvia, and Emmanuel Innocents Edoun. "Innovation through the effects of solar water heating (SWH) in Africa." Environmental Economics 8, no. 3 (October 17, 2017): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(3-1).2017.04.

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Energy is a useful component that has a positive impact to Africa’s socio-economic development. Its effect on households can therefore not be overlooked. Past studies revealed that, the role of the Solar Water Heater is to utilize the energy generated by the sun to heat water. The heating of the water is achieved via the collector. The tubes are filled with water which is heated during the day light hours and this hot water is stored in the main tank. The hot water rises in the tube and is replaced by the cooler water, which is at the lower level of the main tank. This cycle is repeated continuously throughout the day thus heating the water in the main tank. As hot water is drawn from the system, cold water is subsequently supplied. This paper is based on the review of the related literature to show the effects of solar water heating and the usage of innovative technology in residential homes. In particular, the description of SWH product, demand side management potential of solar water heaters, and the innovation diffusion reasons. Then, the conceptual framework as it relates to the innovation diffusion theory will be presented. Lastly, the development of the research problem is outlined. Using a theoretical framework, the paper is able to present the advantages and disadvantages of SWH in Gauteng, South Africa.

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50

Naranjo, J. D., C. A. Ancines, C. F. Dos Santos, and A. Krenzinger. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PASSIVE SYSTEM WITH AN ACTIVE WATER HEATING SYSTEM BY MEANS OF VACUUM SOLAR COLLECTOR GLASS TUBES." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v15i1.62154.

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The importance of renewable energy conversion in heat generation systems is increasing. Being a form of clean energy production, solar water heating systems can substitute part of the electricity consumption in Brazilian energy matrix. Beyond the environmental benefits, the use of such systems brings economic benefits to the country and especially those who use them, saving the use of other energy sources for water heating. In Brazil, the solar water heating is carried out mainly by flat solar collectors, a widely known technology produced in the country at low prices. Nowadays another technology is being used: the evacuated solar collectors. These collectors are being worldwide produced on a large scale and they are imported and inserted at competitive prices in the domestic market. Therefore, it is necessary to understand these systems and their operation to avoid errors in their installation and optimize their use. This work accomplishes a comparative analysis of a solar water heating system composed by a water- in-glass evacuated tube solar collector working in forced circulation, varying the flow, with the same system working in thermosyphon circulation. This comparison was performed by determining the annual energy the system can produce for each type of circulation, which was calculated based on the ISO 9459-2 standard and the climatic data of Porto Alegre city, Rio Grande Do Sul State. To perform these measures, a testing bench was mounted with sensors and measuring instruments which were calibrated before use. The results show that the system with thermosyphon circulation produces more annual energy than the forced circulation system where the water temperature stratification in the thermal reservoir was lower.

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