Статті в журналах з теми "Soil properties and soil organic carbon"
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1
Wang, Z. M., B. Zhang, K. S. Song, D. W. Liu, F. Li, Z. X. Guo, and S. M. Zhang. "Soil organic carbon under different landscape attributes in croplands of Northeast China." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 10 (October 24, 2008): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/402-pse.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil organic carbon (SOC) was measured in topsoil samples of agricultural soils from 311 locations of Jiutai County, Northeast China. The spatial characteristics of SOC were studied using the Geographic Information Systems and geostatistics. Effects of other soil physical and chemical properties, elevation, slope, soil type and land use type were explored. SOC concentrations followed a lognormal distribution, with a geometric mean of 1.50%. The experimental variogram of SOC has been fitted with an exponential model. Our results highlighted total nitrogen and pH as the soil properties that have the greatest influence on SOC levels. Upland eroding areas have significantly less SOC than soils in deposition areas. Results showed that, soil type had a significant relationship with SOC, reflecting the effect of soil parent materials. Soil samples from paddy fields and vegetable fields had higher SOC concentrations than those from dry farming land.
2
Vandana Kumari, Ranjan Laik, Shishpal Poonia, and Debabrata Nath. "Regulation of soil organic carbon stock with physical properties in alluvial soils of Bihar." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 1&2 (April 17, 2022): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.021791-2110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil temperature and water content govern the breakdown of soil organic matter (SOM), which has a large impact on SOC storage. Apparently soil organic carbon is an excellent indicator of soil health. In this experiment, the association between several soil health indices such as soil organic carbon (SOC), soil texture, and wet aggregate stability was investigated (WAS). It was discovered that there is a substantial positive relationship between wet aggregate stability and soil organic carbon storage. Soil carbon store in East Champaran soils ranged from 5.27 to 19.60 mg/ha, with an average of 12.98 mg/ha. The wet aggregate stability ranged from 3.82 to 36.43 %, with a mean of 16.11 %. Wet aggregate stability was shown to increase as the organic carbon storage in the soil increased. This experiment also indicated that clay (%) and silt (%) had a direct impact on wet aggregate stability and, as a result, soil organic carbon storage. As a result, wet aggregate stability and soil texture have a direct and favourable influence on soil organic carbon storage in East Champaran, Bihar soils
3
Ogunwole, Joshua O., Luis C. Timm, Evelyn O. Obidike-Ugwu, and Donald M. Gabriels. "State-Space Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Stock." International Agrophysics 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intag-2014-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Understanding soil spatial variability and identifying soil parameters most determinant to soil organic carbon stock is pivotal to precision in ecological modelling, prediction, estimation and management of soil within a landscape. This study investigates and describes field soil variability and its structural pattern for agricultural management decisions. The main aim was to relate variation in soil organic carbon stock to soil properties and to estimate soil organic carbon stock from the soil properties. A transect sampling of 100 points at 3 m intervals was carried out. Soils were sampled and analyzed for soil organic carbon and other selected soil properties along with determination of dry aggregate and water-stable aggregate fractions. Principal component analysis, geostatistics, and state-space analysis were conducted on the analyzed soil properties. The first three principal components explained 53.2% of the total variation; Principal Component 1 was dominated by soil exchange complex and dry sieved macroaggregates clusters. Exponential semivariogram model described the structure of soil organic carbon stock with a strong dependence indicating that soil organic carbon values were correlated up to 10.8m.Neighbouring values of soil organic carbon stock, all waterstable aggregate fractions, and dithionite and pyrophosphate iron gave reliable estimate of soil organic carbon stock by state-space.
4
Chassé, Mathieu, Suzanne Lutfalla, Lauric Cécillon, François Baudin, Samuel Abiven, Claire Chenu, and Pierre Barré. "Long-term bare-fallow soil fractions reveal thermo-chemical properties controlling soil organic carbon dynamics." Biogeosciences 18, no. 5 (March 10, 2021): 1703–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1703-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Evolution of organic carbon content in soils has the potential to be a major driver of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations over the next century. Understanding soil carbon dynamics is a challenge due to a wide range of residence times of soil organic matter and limited constraints on the mechanisms influencing its persistence. In particular, large uncertainties exist regarding the persistence of pyrogenic organic carbon in soils. In order to characterize organic matter with varying degrees of persistence and to distinguish pyrogenic organic carbon, we combined Rock-Eval analysis, a thermo-chemical method, with the benzene polycarboxylic acid molecular marker method and Raman spectroscopy to characterize samples from long-term bare-fallow experiments, progressively depleted in the most labile organic carbon over time. Considering the heterogeneity of soil samples, size fractions have been separated to distinguish pools of organic carbon with distinct properties. We observe that organic carbon dynamics is dependent on granulometry. A pool of organic carbon with intermediate residence times, from years to a few decades, representing ca. 65 % of the bulk soil organic carbon stock, is mainly associated with fine fractions (< 20 µm). With time under bare fallow, this organic carbon is progressively transferred towards finer fractions through the breakdown of organic matter. Coarse fractions (> 20 µm) are rich in centennially persistent organic carbon, representing ca. 20 % of the initial organic carbon stock, due to the chemical recalcitrance of organic matter in these fractions, dominated by pyrogenic organic carbon. A second pool of persistent organic carbon, representing ca. 15 % of the initial organic carbon stock, is associated with the clay fraction, indicating mechanisms of protection occurring at the submicron scale (< 2 µm). This persistent organic carbon only represents 30 % of the organic carbon initially present in the clay fraction. Persistent organic carbon exhibits heterogeneous chemical signatures depending on the considered pool but a consistent thermal signature demonstrating the relationship between thermal stability and biogeochemical stability of soil organic carbon. This gives the possibility of assessing the size of the persistent organic carbon pool in soils using thermal parameters. The persistence of pyrogenic organic carbon in the clay fraction is similar to the one of total organic carbon. The different persistence of coarse and fine pyrogenic organic carbon resides in the highly condensed nature of sand-sized pyrogenic carbon, which may result from burning temperatures over 700 ∘C. Pyrogenic organic carbon is not inert but exhibits a consistent increase in the level of condensation with time in all size fractions, showing the role of chemical quality in pyrogenic organic carbon persistence. Overall, this study helps improve the separation, evaluation and characterization of carbon pools with distinct residence times in soils and gives insight into the mechanistic origin of soil organic carbon dynamics.
5
Blanco-Canqui, H., C. A. Shapiro, C. S. Wortmann, R. A. Drijber, M. Mamo, T. M. Shaver, and R. B. Ferguson. "Soil organic carbon: The value to soil properties." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 68, no. 5 (August 23, 2013): 129A—134A. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.68.5.129a.
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Chen, Xiaodong, Jinggui Wu, and Yaa Opoku-Kwanowaa. "Effects of Organic Wastes on Soil Organic Carbon and Surface Charge Properties in Primary Saline-alkali Soil." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 7088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High salinity and low fertility have restricted crop production in primary saline-alkali soils. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and surface charge characteristics affect the soil fertility and soil colloid characteristics of primary saline-alkali soils, respectively. In this paper, the SOC and surface charge properties of primary saline-alkaline soil under organic wastes applications were assessed. Five treatments were involved in this experiment: chemical fertilizer combined with sheep manure (SM), corn straw (CS), fodder grass (FG), and granular corn straw (GS), while chemical fertilizer only was used as control (CK). The content of SOC was significantly different under different organic wastes application (p < 0.05). Treatment GS recorded the highest content of SOC compared with the other treatments. In addition, the content of each SOC density fraction increased after the application of organic wastes. Similarly, the application of organic wastes, increased the proportion of organic carbon in free light fraction (Fr-FLOC) and organic carbon in occluded fraction (Oc-FLOC) in the soil however the proportion of organic carbon in heavy fraction (HFOC) decreased. In this study, we found that treatment GS has a greater impact on soil surface charge properties than other treatments, and through redundancy analysis (RDA) the content of SOC and Fr-LFOC (F = 24.704, p = 0.004; F = 19.594, p = 0.002) were identified as the main factors affecting the surface charge properties of soil organic carbon. In conclusion, GS is the recommended organic waste for ameliorating primary saline-alkali soil, as compared to the other organic waste treatments.
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Piaszczyk, Wojciech, Ewa Błoñska, and Jarosław Lasota. "Study on the effect of organic fertilizers on soil organic matter and enzyme activities of soil in forest nursery." Soil Science Annual 68, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2017-0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the effects of organic fertilization on selected chemical properties of the soil and the activity of dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase in the soil of forest nursery. The main goal was to evaluate the role of organic fertilizers in carbon storage in the forest nursery soil. Sample plots were located in northern Poland in the Polanów Forest District on a forest nursery. Soil samples were collected from horizon 0–20 cm for laboratory analyzes. In soil samples pH, soil texture, and organic carbon, nitrogen, base cation contents, dehydrogenase activity and β-glucosidase activity were determined. The obtained results were used to evaluate the carbon storage. The results confirm the beneficial effect of the applied organic fertilizer on chemical properties of the soils under study and their biological activity. The applied organic fertilizers had an impact on increased accumulation of soil organic matter. In the soils investigated, there was an increase in the activity of such enzymes as dehydrogenases and β-glucosidase.
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Zádorová, T., O. Jakšík, R. Kodešová, and V. Penížek. " Influence of terrain attributes and soil properties on soil aggregate stability." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 3 (September 19, 2011): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2011-swr.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study on the relationship between the soil aggregates stability assessed using water stable aggregate (WSA) index and the selected terrain and soil properties was performed on a morphologically diverse study site in Chernozem soil region of Southern Moravia. Soil analyses and detailed digital elevation model processing were the main methods adopted in the study. The soil structure stability is negatively influenced by the soil material removal from the steep parts of the back-slope and re-deposition of the mineral loess material at the base of the slope. The highest aggregates stability was identified in the upper flat parts of the study plot, undisturbed by erosion processes, and at the concave parts of the back-slope with intensive accumulation of organic matter. Statistical analysis showed a significant dependence of aggregates stability on organic carbon content and plan curvature index.
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Krzyżaniak, M., and J. Lemanowicz. "Enzymatic activity of the Kuyavia Mollic Gleysols (Poland) against their chemical properties ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 8 (July 31, 2013): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/211/2013-pse.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research results have shown that the enzyme pH index (0.49–0.83) confirmed the neutral or alkaline nature of the soils. Neither the changes in the content of available phosphorus nor in the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, alkaline and acid phosphatase in soil were due to the factors triggering soil salinity; they were a result of the naturally high content of carbon of organic compounds, which was statistically verified with the analysis of correlation between the parameters. There were recorded highly significant values of the coefficients of correlation between the content of available phosphorus in soil and the activity of alkaline (r = 0.96; P < 0.05) and acid phosphatase (r = 0.91; P < 0.05) as well as dehydrogenase (r = 0.90; P < 0.05). To sum up, one can state that Mollic Gleysols in Inowrocław are the soils undergoing seasonal salinity; however, a high content of ions responsible for salinity is balanced with a high content of organic carbon, humus, phosphorus and calcium directly affecting the fertility of the soils analyzed. The activity of the enzymes depended on the natural content of carbon of organic compounds and not on the factors affecting the soil salinity, which points to the potential of such tests for soil environment monitoring.
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Moyano, F. E., N. Vasilyeva, L. Bouckaert, F. Cook, J. Craine, J. Curiel Yuste, A. Don, et al. "The moisture response of soil heterotrophic respiration: interaction with soil properties." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (December 2, 2011): 11577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-11577-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Soil moisture is of primary importance for predicting the evolution of soil carbon stocks and fluxes, both because it strongly controls organic matter decomposition and because it is predicted to change at global scales in the following decades. However, the soil functions used to model the heterotrophic respiration response to moisture have limited empirical support and introduce an uncertainty of at least 4 % in global soil carbon stock predictions by 2100. The necessity of improving the representation of this relationship in models has been highlighted in recent studies. Here we present a data-driven analysis of soil moisture-respiration relations based on 90 soils. With the use of linear models we show how the relationship between soil heterotrophic respiration and different measures of soil moisture is consistently affected by soil properties. The empirical models derived include main and moisture interaction effects of soil texture, organic carbon content and bulk density. When compared to other functions currently used in different soil biogeochemical models, we observe that our results can correct biases and reconcile differences within and between such functions. Ultimately, accurate predictions of the response of soil carbon to future climate scenarios will require the integration of soil-dependent moisture-respiration functions coupled with realistic representations of soil water dynamics.
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Moyano, F. E., N. Vasilyeva, L. Bouckaert, F. Cook, J. Craine, J. Curiel Yuste, A. Don, et al. "The moisture response of soil heterotrophic respiration: interaction with soil properties." Biogeosciences 9, no. 3 (March 28, 2012): 1173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1173-2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Soil moisture is of primary importance for predicting the evolution of soil carbon stocks and fluxes, both because it strongly controls organic matter decomposition and because it is predicted to change at global scales in the following decades. However, the soil functions used to model the heterotrophic respiration response to moisture have limited empirical support and introduce an uncertainty of at least 4% in global soil carbon stock predictions by 2100. The necessity of improving the representation of this relationship in models has been highlighted in recent studies. Here we present a data-driven analysis of soil moisture-respiration relations based on 90 soils. With the use of linear models we show how the relationship between soil heterotrophic respiration and different measures of soil moisture is consistently affected by soil properties. The empirical models derived include main effects and moisture interaction effects of soil texture, organic carbon content and bulk density. When compared to other functions currently used in different soil biogeochemical models, we observe that our results can correct biases and reconcile differences within and between such functions. Ultimately, accurate predictions of the response of soil carbon to future climate scenarios will require the integration of soil-dependent moisture-respiration functions coupled with realistic representations of soil water dynamics.
12
Chan, KY, and JA Mead. "Surface physical properties of a sandy loam soil under different tillage practices." Soil Research 26, no. 3 (1988): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880549.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The infiltration behaviour and physical properties of a hardsetting sandy loam soil at Cowra, N.S.W., following 2 years of different tillage treatments are reported. Soil that had not been cultivated for 25 years was also investigated at an adjacent pasture site. Infiltration of simulated rainfall at the end of the wheat-growing season gave moisture profiles that were quite different for cultivated, direct drilled and pasture soils. The moisture profile for the cultivated soil suggested the presence of an impeded layer which retarded the movement of infiltrated rain to the subsoil. Porosity measurements confirmed the presence of a layer with significantly fewer macropores (> 300 �m diameter) at the 50-100 mm depth in the cultivated soil, when compared with the direct drilled soil. The old pasture soil had significantly higher porosity (> 300 �m diameter) in the top 100 mm. Aggregate stabilities and organic carbon contents were measured in narrow increments to 150 mm depth for the three different soils, and revealed that a surface 25 mm layer of high organic carbon and highly stable macro-aggregates was present in the pasture and direct drilled soils but absent in the cultivated soil. The unstable surface layer in the conventionally cultivated soil was a consequence of the mixing and inverting action of cultivation and was not due to a net loss of organic carbon from the profile. The organic carbon content of the pasture soil was not significantly different from the direct drilled soil below 50 mm; however, it was significantly lower than the conventionally cultivated soil between 50 and 150 mm depth. These results indicate a need to adopt tillage practices that can preserve the top 25 mm layer of such fragile soils.
13
Kulagina, V. I., S. S. Ryazanov, R. R. Shagidullin, and A. B. Alexandrova. "ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS IN THE SOIL COVER OF ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS OF THE KUIBYSHEVSK WATER RESERVOIR." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry 7 (73), no. 3 (2022): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-112-126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Assessment of organic carbon stocks in soils and other components of ecosystems are becoming increasingly important as a necessary reference point for a reliable determination of the amount of greenhouse gas removals at country scale. The gradual tightening of carbon balance requirements dictates the urgency of the problem under consideration. The aim of the work was to assess the stocks of organic carbon in the soils of the islands of the Kazan region of the variable backwater of the Kuibyshev reservoir in the 0–20 cm layer, and also to determine which type of soils makes the greatest contribution to the sequestration of carbon. The reserves of organic carbon in the soils of the islands of the Kuibyshev water reservoir were determined in the area from the Zelenodolsk – Nizhnie Vyazovye bridge (55°49’27.1 «N; 48°31’05.6″E) to the islands in front of the Teteyevo village (55°24’11.8 «N; 49°07’59.6» E). Surveys of the islands’ soil cover and selection of the soil samples were carried out in 2018-2019. The calculation of the organic carbon content was carried out for the 0–20 cm layer. The calculations took into account the total carbon content in the organogenic, organic-mineral and mineral horizons. It was found that the highest carbon content in the upper soil layer was observed in the profile of marsh-podzolic soils – 51.7 t / ha. The lowest organic carbon content was noted in sod-alluvial soils (12.0 t / ha) and artificial sandy deposits (3.8 t / ha). Carbon stocks in soil profiles and proportion of carbon in organogenic horizons increased with increasing of hydromorphic properties in the following row: 1) sod-podzolic soil < marsh-podzolic soil; 2) light gray forest soil < gray forest gley soil; 3) sod-alluvial soil < alluvial meadow-marsh soil < marsh-alluvial soil. The total reserves of organic carbon in the islands’ soils were calculated taking into account the areas occupied by individual soil contours. The total stock of organic carbon in the 0–20 cm layer of the studied area of the water reservoir was 49,190.9 tons. About 83 % of the total stock of organic carbon stored in the form of humus of accumulative mineral horizons and only 17 % in the organogenic and organic-mineral horizons. It was shown that alluvial meadow-marsh (23,125.9 t) and sod-podzolic soils (8,957.5 t), occupying the largest areas on the territory of the islands, make the largest contribution to the organic carbon reserves. An interesting point is that on the islands of floodplain origin, a greater contribution to the total humus reserves was made by soils with pronounced hydromorphic properties – alluvial meadow-marsh soils and alluvial meadow soils. On the islands of terrace origin, the bulk of carbon was concentrated in automorphic soils. A possible reason is the features of the islands’ relief of different origins. Reasonable data on the rate of organic carbon accumulation were obtained only for alluvial marsh soils, the organogenic horizon of which was formed after the creation of the reservoir – 390 kg / ha annually. Flooded soils are the most promising reservoirs for organic carbon deposition from greenhouse gases. Thanks to the research carried out using accurate GPS referencing of soil profiles, the islands’ soils are becoming a very valuable object for monitoring the rate of organic carbon accumulation, the volume of absorption of greenhouse gases and the increase in total organic carbon stocks.
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Kopecký, Marek, Ladislav Kolář, Radka Váchalová, Petr Konvalina, Jana Batt, Petr Mráz, Ladislav Menšík, Trong Nghia Hoang, and Miroslav Dumbrovský. "Black Carbon and Its Effect on Carbon Sequestration in Soil." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The properties of black carbon (BC) are described very differently in the literature, even when determined by the same methodological procedure. To clarify this discrepancy, BC was investigated in the clay Cambisols of southern Bohemia, Czech Republic, in groups of soils with lower and higher deposition of its atmospheric fallout. The BC determination was performed according to a modified method of Kuhlbusch and Crutzen (1995). The amount of the free light fraction, the occluded light fraction of soil organic matter and its ratio, the amount of heavy soil fraction DF, and its soil organic matter DFOM were determined. Other soil characteristics were identified. It was found that there are two very different types of BC in soils. Historical BC from biomass fires, and new, anthropogenic, from the furnace and transport fumes. Historical BC has a significant effect on the organic matter of the heavy soil fraction, on the ratio of the free and occluded soil organic matter fraction, and the number of water-resistant soil aggregates. Anthropogenic BC does not have this effect. Because this form of BC is not significantly stabilized by the colloidal mineral fraction, it is necessary to take general data on BC’s high stability and resistance to mineralization in the soil with circumspection.
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Tungittiplakorn, Warapong, Viranart Kongbua, Anyamanee Tulaphan, and Kannika Kaewtawee. "Mobility of Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Urethane Acrylate (PMUA) Nanoparticles in Soils." E3S Web of Conferences 141 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014101002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have been reported for their potential to enhance in situ soil remediation due to their size and stability in water. These properties allow them to pass through soils with minimal loss in soil flushing or pump-and-treat process. The success of nanoparticle-facilitated soil flushing depends on the mobility of nanoparticles in the soil matrix. However, organic carbon content and soil texture can affect the mobility of nanoparticles in soils. This study compared the mobility of polyethylene glycol-modified urethane acrylate (PMUA) nanoparticles in three types of soils with varying organic contents. The results of two consecutive injection experiments showed that the recovery of injected nanoparticles through a soil column were 91 and 97% for sandy soil with carbon content of 0.01%, 81 and 85% for clay loam soil with organic carbon content of 1.20% and 67 and 73% for clay soil with organic carbon content of 3.25%. Furthermore, the batch experiments showed that the distribution coefficient (Kd) of PMUA nanoparticles between water and sandy soil, clay loam soil, and clay soil were 1.86, 2.34 and 3.01 mL/g, respectively. This conforms to the column experiment results and confirms that the increase in organic carbon content in soils increases the adsorption of PMUA nanoparticles, and therefore decreases the mobility of the nanoparticles through soils. Moreover, the distribution coefficient from batch experiments could be used to predict the mobility of PMUA nanoparticles in soils, and the viability of in situ PMUA-facilitated soil flushing method for specific contaminated soils.
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Thai, Saven, Tomáš Davídek, and Lenka Pavlů. "Causes clarification of the soil aggregates stability on mulched soil." Soil and Water Research 17, No. 2 (March 4, 2022): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/151/2021-swr.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil aggregates have great effects on soil properties and soil functions. Mulching (organic inputs) has been known as a factor influencing soil aggregate stability. Our study aimed to reveal the causes of the higher stability of soil aggregates under organic mulches. The primary soil characteristics such as organic carbon (Cox), humus quality (E4/E6), potential wettability index (PWI), and aromaticity index (iAR) were determined. The Cox was measured using rapid dichromate oxidation, and E4/E6 was measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The PWI and iAR were determined according to the intensity of selected bands in diffuse reflectance infrared spectra. Results showed that mulched plots contained higher Cox content in aggregates in comparison with whole soil. This indicates that the carbon was stabilized within the aggregates and sequestrated into the soil. The iAR was significantly higher after using the organic mulches, the aliphatic components of the organic matter thus contribute more to the aggregates stabilization. The PWI of aggregates was found to be higher after applying these mulches than in soil. Organic mulches are therefore able to reduce the wettability of the aggregates and also to protect the aggregate from dispersion with water.
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Wang, Shuang, Zhangyan Zhu, Ruiping Yang, Li Yang, and Baoming Ge. "Land-Use Conversion Altered Topsoil Properties and Stoichiometry in a Reclaimed Coastal Agroforestry System." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reclaimed coastal areas were mostly used for agricultural purposes in the past, while land-use conversion was initiated in recent decades in eastern China. Elucidation of the effects of land-use conversion on soil properties and stoichiometry is essential for addressing climate change and ecological conservation. In this study, five land-use types in a reclaimed area were chosen to compare the differences of soil properties and stoichiometry, which comprised paddy, upland, upland-forest, forest, and vegetable garden, with a soil age of about 100 years. The results indicated that these land-use types significantly differed in soil water concentration, pH, bulk density, soil salt concentration, soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, and total phosphorus, as well as C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios. Positive correlations were found among soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus; and among pH, bulk density, and soil salt concentration. Total phosphorus and soil organic carbon contents were the main factors shaping the topsoil among the land-use types. Contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in paddy and vegetable garden soils were higher than that in upland and upland-forest soils, while bulk density, pH, and soil salt concentration showed the opposite trends. Forest soil demonstrated intermediate values for most properties. And the highest C:N occurred in the upland and vegetable garden, the highest C:P in paddy and vegetable garden, while the lowest C:N and C:P occurred in upland-forest. The highest and lowest N:P occurred in paddy and upland, respectively. The stoichiometric characteristics presented a narrow range of the ratio, and the C:N:P averaged 48:3:1 similar to the stoichiometry of average Chinese cropland soils. Rotations including legume, the use of organic fertilizers, and appropriate fertilization strategies were suggested for improving cropland management.
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Luo, Zhongkui, Wenting Feng, Yiqi Luo, Jeff Baldock, and Enli Wang. "Soil organic carbon dynamics jointly controlled by climate, carbon inputs, soil properties and soil carbon fractions." Global Change Biology 23, no. 10 (June 26, 2017): 4430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13767.
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Sokołowska, Justyna, Agnieszka Józefowska, and Tomasz Zaleski. "Impact of Natural Forest Succession on Changes in Soil Organic Carbon in the Polish Carpathian Mountains." Forests 13, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050744.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main driver of the Carpathian landscape is the process of natural forest succession on the semi-natural meadows unique to the region. Moreover, these semi-natural mountain meadows contribute to ecosystem services, although increasing forest areas are recommended by current international policy agendas. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of natural forest succession in the Polish part of Carpathian on changes in soil organic carbon and assess the influence of different soil properties on organic carbon content across three land uses. Soil samples were taken from 10 transects consisting of semi-natural mountain meadow, natural successional forest and old-growth forest, selected in three Polish Carpathian national parks. Measurements of organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, microbial properties, such as microbial respiration, and enzyme activities were made; additionally, biochemical indicators were calculated. To describe the influence of measured soil parameters and calculated indicators of soil organic carbon changes, the organic carbon dependent variable regression equations across all studied soils and for the individual land use and examined layers were evaluated. The overall regression equation indicated that changes in organic carbon general to all investigated soils depended on microbial biomass carbon content, microbial quotient, dissolved organic carbon content and metabolic quotient. The regression models obtained for the individual land use variants and soil layers explained 77% to 99% of the variation in organic carbon. Results showed that natural forest succession caused a decrease in microbial biomass carbon content, and successional forest soils characterized less efficient use of organic substrates by microbial biomass.
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Pereira, Marcos Gervasio, Gustavo Souza Valladares, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos, Vinícius de Melo Benites, Ademar Espíndula Jr., and Adierson Gilvani Ebeling. "Organic carbon determination in histosols and soil horizons with high organic matter content from Brazil." Scientia Agricola 63, no. 2 (April 2006): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162006000200012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil taxonomy systems distinguish mineral soils from organic soils based on the amount of soil organic carbon. Procedures adopted in soil surveys for organic carbon measurement are therefore of major importance to classify the soils, and to correlate their properties with data from other studies. To evaluate different methods for measuring organic carbon and organic matter content in Histosols and soils with histic horizons, from different regions of Brazil, 53 soil samples were comparatively analyzed by the methods of Walkley & Black (modified), Embrapa, Yeomans & Bremner, modified Yeomans & Bremner, muffle furnace, and CHN. The modified Walkley & Black (C-W & B md) and the combustion of organic matter in the muffle furnace (OM-Muffle) were the most suitable for the samples with high organic carbon content. Based on regression analysis data, the OM-muffle may be estimated from C-W & B md by applying a factor that ranges from 2.00 to 2.19 with 95% of probability. The factor 2.10, the average value, is suggested to convert results obtained by these methods.
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Kadovic, Ratko, Snezana Belanovic, Milan Knezevic, Milorad Danilovic, Olivera Kosanin, and Jelena Beloica. "Organic carbon stock in some forest soils in Serbia." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 105 (2012): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf111230002k.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The content of organic carbon (C) was researched in topsoil layers (0-20 cm) in the most represented soils of forest ecosystems in central Serbia: eutric ranker, eutric cambisol and dystric cambisol. The soils were sampled during 2003, 2004 and 2010. Laboratory analyses included the soil physical and chemical properties necessary for the quantification of the soil organic carbon in organic and mineral layers. Mean values of the soil organic carbon (SOC) stores in organic horizons of the study soils varied between: 1.01?0.4 kg(C).m-2 (dystric cambisol), 0.90?0.41 kg(C).m-2 (eutric ranker) and 0.94?0.36 kg(C).m-2 (eutric cambisol). Average values of organic carbon in mineral layers (0-20 cm) ranged between: 3.83?1.70 kg(C).m-2 (dystric cambisol), 6.26?3.41 kg(C).m-2 (eutric ranker) and 4.36?1.91 kg(C).m-2 (eutric cambisol). The average value of total organic carbon stock in the study soils (both organic and mineral layers) was 5.77 kg(C).m-2. This paper addresses the methodological aspects of regional estimation of soil organic carbon content as the potential to be applied in the National Forest Inventory Program.
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Borůvka, L., M. Valla, H. Donátová, and K. Němeček. "Vulnerability of soil aggregates in relation to soil properties." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 8 (December 21, 2011): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4376-pse.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stability of soil structure represents an indicator of soil quality. The aim of this paper was to assess the effect of soil properties on structure vulnerability in an Orthic Luvisol. The aggregates were most vulnerable to fast wetting (mean K<sub>v1</sub> = 9.99, i.e. this effect can decrease the aggregate size 9.99 times). Lower destruction was caused by slow wetting and drying (K<sub>v2</sub> = 3.70) and mechanical forces (K<sub>v3</sub> = 1.67). Fine silt (particles of 0.002–0.01 mm) was the most important soil characteristic decreasing aggregate vulnerability (r = –0.334, –0.248, and –0.393 for K<sub>v1</sub>, K<sub>v2</sub>, and K<sub>v3</sub>, respectively). Silt (0.01–0.05 mm) increased vulnerability to fast wetting (r = 0.318). Very fine sand (0.05–0.1 mm) increased vulnerability to mechanical impacts (r = 0.307). Organic carbon decreased vulnerability only slightly. Humus quality was rather related to porosity. Higher moisture of samples in time of collection increased aggregate vulnerability. Multiple regression, used for description of the effect of basic soil properties, provided the best model for K<sub>v1</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 27.45%), the poorest for K<sub>v2</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 7.23%).
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Sayad, E., S. M. Hosseini, V. Hosseini, and M. H. Salehe-Shooshtari. "Soil macrofauna in relation to soil and leaf litter properties in tree plantations." Journal of Forest Science 58, No. 4 (April 27, 2012): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/58/2011-jfs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil communities exert strong influences on the processing of organic matter and nutrients. Plantations of trees, especially of nitrogen fixing ones, may affect the soil macrofauna through litter quality and quantity. This study was conducted in a randomized block design with three blocks consisting of Populus euphratica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus microtheca, Acacia farnesiana, Acacia salicina, Acacia saligna, Acacia stenophylla and Dalbergia sissoo monoculture plantations that were established in 1992. Soils and soil macrofauna were sampled in November 2006. Leaf litterfall was collected from November 2006 to November 2007 at bi-weekly intervals. Macroinvertebrate abundance and biomass were consistently higher in A. salicina plantations than in the others, whereas they were lowest in E. camaldulensis. Tree species and nitrogen fixing trees significantly influenced the soil macrofauna richness. The results suggest that the earthworm distribution is regulated by leaf litter quality (Ca, C and N) whereas the macrofauna richness is regulated by leaf litter mass, soil organic carbon and leaf litter Mg. Totally, it was revealed that the tree species clearly affected macrofauna whereas nitrogen fixation did not.
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Jandl, Robert, Ernst Leitgeb, and Michael Englisch. "Decadal Changes of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Acidity of Austrian Forest Soils." Soil Systems 6, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6010028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Repeated soil surveys provide opportunities to quantify the effect of long-term environmental change. In recent decades, the topics of forest soil acidification as a consequence of acidic deposition, the enrichment of forest ecosystems with nitrogen, and the loss of carbon due to climate change have been discussed. We used two forest soil surveys that were 20 years apart, in order to establish the direction and magnitude of changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, and soil acidity. Soils have been initially sampled in the late 1980s. The plots were revisited twenty years later. Archived soil samples from the first survey were reanalyzed with the same protocol as the new samples. We found changes in the stocks of soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen, and soil pH. However, the changes were inconsistent. In general, as many sites have gained soil organic carbon, as sites have lost carbon. Most soils have been slightly enriched with nitrogen. The soil pH has not changed significantly. We conclude that changes in the evaluated soil chemical properties are mainly driven by forest management activities and ensuing forest stand dynamics, and atmospheric deposition. We have no convincing evidence that climate change effects have already changed the soil organic carbon stock, irrespective of bedrock type.
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Gaultier, Jeanette, Annemieke Farenhorst, and Gary Crow. "Spatial variability of soil properties and 2,4-D sorption in a hummocky field as affected by landscape position and soil depth." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since pesticide fate and leaching models increasingly incorporate spatial variability, the objective of this study was to quantify the variability of soil properties and 2,4-D sorption within a hummocky field as affected by landscape position and soil depth. Seventy-two soil cores collected at 5-m intervals along a transect were segmented by soil horizon (A, B and C) and landscape position (upper, mid, lower and depression). As expected, soil organic carbon content significantly decreased, and soil pH and soil carbonate content significantly increased with soil depth, while clay content was significantly greater in the B horizon than the A and C horizon. Soils from the depressional area generally had higher soil organic carbon content, soil carbonate content, clay content and soil pH than soil samples from other slope positions. The sorption of 2,4-D by soil was positively correlated with soil organic matter content and negatively correlated with soil carbonate content. These soil properties and herbicide sorption varied along the transect and with soil depth. Regardless of whether or not the landscape was segmented by landscape position, for both the A and C horizon, predictions of 2,4-D sorption by soil were generally good using simple regression models that contained soil organic carbon content and carbonate content as the only parameters. However, for the B horizon, the prediction of 2,4-D sorption by soil was very poor when all sampling points along the transect were considered, but greatly improved for the mid- and depressional slope positions when soils were segmented by landscape position. We conclude that segmentation by slope position could be a useful additional tool when predicting pesticide fate and leaching at the large-scale. As well, the negative association between soil carbonate content and 2,4-D sorption warrants further attention as a large portion of Canadian agriculture encompasses calcareous soils. Key words: 2,4-D, sorption, soil organic carbon, carbonates, landscape position, soil depth
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Kome, Georges Kogge, Roger Kogge Enang, and Bernard Palmer Kfuban Yerima. "Soil Organic Carbon Distribution in a Humid Tropical Plain of Cameroon: Interrelationships with Soil Properties." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2021 (February 26, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6052513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil organic carbon (SOC) determination is very important in the assessment of agronomic potential of a soil. The objective of this study was to determine SOC contents and stock distribution with depth in relation to selected soil properties. Five types of soils, namely, Mollic Endoaquents, Oxyaquic Paleudalfs, Oxyaquic Udifluvents, and Mollic Udifluvents from a humid tropical plain and Typic Eutrudepts from an adjacent foot slope, were studied. The soils have all developed from fluvial sediments. Morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the soils were obtained using standard methods. Soil texture varied across the different sites and within soil profiles with textural classes of genetic horizons ranging from sandy loam to heavy clay. The soils are generally young soils under development as indicated by their high silt/clay ratios which ranged between 0.23 and 2.45. All the soils were generally acidic with pH-H2O values ranging from 4.5 to 6.2. Exchangeable H+ and Al3+ ranged from 0.5 to 2.3 and 0.2 to 3.3 cmolckg−1, respectively. SOC contents are generally higher in surface horizons and decrease with depth. In general, SOC correlated significantly with bulk density (BD) (r = −0.648, p < 0.01 ), water holding capacity (r = 0.589, p < 0.01 ), exchangeable Al3+ (r = 0.707, p < 0.01 ), and exchangeable H+ (r = 0.456, p < 0.05 ). The correlation between SOC and exchangeable Al3+ was strongest in the Mollic Endoaquents (r = 0.931, p < 0.01 ). SOC contents correlated significantly with Munsell soil color attributes, explaining between 40 and 57% of SOC variation. Total SOC stocks at a depth of 100 cm varied between 260.1 and 363.5 t·ha−1, and the variation in SOC stocks across a profile appears to be controlled by genetic horizon depth, while land use type influences SOC stock variations across genetic surface horizons.
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Tarnocai, Charles, and James Bockheim. "Cryosolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 5 (October 2011): 749–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss10020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tarnocai, C. and Bockheim, J. G. 2011. Cryosolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil. Sci. 91: 749–762. Cryosols are permafrost-affected soils whose genesis is dominated by cryogenic processes, resulting in unique macromorphologies, micromorphologies, thermal characteristics, and physical and chemical properties. In addition, these soils are carbon sinks, storing high amounts of organic carbon collected for thousands of years. In the Canadian soil classification, the Cryosolic Order includes mineral and organic soils that have both cryogenic properties and permafrost within 1 or 2 m of the soil surface. This soil order is divided into Turbic, Static and Organic great groups on the basis of the soil materials (mineral or organic), cryogenic properties and depth to permafrost. The great groups are subdivided into subgroups on the basis of soil development and the resulting diagnostic soil horizons. Cryosols are commonly associated with the presence of ground ice in the subsoil. This causes serious problems when areas containing these soils are used for agriculture and construction projects (such as roads, town sites and airstrips). Therefore, where Cryosols have high ice content, it is especially important either to avoid these activities or to use farming and construction methods that maintain the negative thermal balance.
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Chan, K. Y., D. P. Heenan, and H. B. So. "Sequestration of carbon and changes in soil quality under conservation tillage on light-textured soils in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 4 (2003): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Light-textured soils (<35% clay) make up more than 80%, by area, of cropping soils in Australia. Many have inherent soil physical problems, e.g. hardsetting, sodicity and low organic carbon levels. Maintenance and improvement of soil organic carbon levels are crucial to preserving the soil structure and physical fertility of these soils.A review of field trials on conservation tillage (3–19 years duration) on these soils in southern Australia revealed that significantly higher soil organic carbon levels compared with conventional tillage were found only in the wetter areas (>500 mm) and the differences were restricted to the top 2.5–10.0 cm. The average magnitude of the difference was lower than that reported in the USA. The lack of a positive response to conservation tillage is probably a reflection of a number of factors, namely low crop yield (due to low rainfall), partial removal of stubble by grazing and the high decomposition rate (due to the high temperature). There is evidence suggesting that under continuous cropping in the drier areas, the soil organic carbon level continues to decline, even under conservation tillage.Better soil structure and soil physical properties, namely macro-porosity, aggregate stability and higher infiltration have been reported under conservation tillage when compared with conventional tillage. However, little information on long-term changes of these properties under conservation tillage is available. As many of these soil qualities are associated directly or indirectly with soil organic carbon levels, the lack of significant increase in the latter suggests that many of these improvements may not be sustainable in the longer term, particularly in the drier areas. Continuous monitoring of long-term changes in the soil organic carbon and soil quality under conservation tillage in different agro-ecological zones is needed.
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Moody, P. W., S. A. Yo, and R. L. Aitken. "Soil organic carbon, permanganate fractions, and the chemical properties of acidic soils." Soil Research 35, no. 6 (1997): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Total organic carbon (TC) in 32 acidic surface (0–10 cm) soils was divided into 3 fractions (C1, C2, and C3) based on oxidisability by different strengths of KMnO4 (33 mM and 167 mM). With the methodology used, ease of oxidation decreased in the order C1>C2>C3. Several fundamental soil chemical properties were also determined, i.e. ECEC, CEC at pH 6·5 (CEC6·5), slope of the charge curve (ΔCEC), pH buffer capacity, (pHBC), P sorption capacity using a single addition index (PSI150), and content of organically complexed Al. All soils had pH (1:5 water) <6·5, and comprised a wide range of soil types and clay contents. Multiple step-up regression indicated that C fractions were significantly (P < 0·05) correlated with ECEC, ΔCEC, CEC6·5, and pHBC. These results reinforce the critical importance of soil organic matter to the fundamental soil chemical properties of predominantly variable charge soils. The intercorrelations between the various oxidisable C fractions made it difficult to elucidate if degree of oxidisability had any bearing on the reactivity of the organic matter. ECEC was primarily correlated with C1, whereas all C fractions had highly significant (P < 0·01) effects on ΔCEC and pHBC. The fraction which was most difficult to oxidise, C3, made a significant (P < 0·01) contribution to CEC6·5 when combined with clay and ECEC in a multiple regression equation. Generally, one or other of the C fractions was better correlated with the fundamental soil chemical properties than TC. This simple empirical fractionation of soil organic C may therefore be a useful tool for assessing the effects of soil management on these properties.
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Dowling, AJ, RJ Shaw, and S. Berthelsen. "The influence on soil properties of mould oil used in sample cores." Soil Research 23, no. 4 (1985): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850655.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mould oils, with up to 10% v/v oleic acid, in a distillate carrier, are useful lubricants and release agents for thin-walled tube-core sampling of wet plastic clays and moist sandy soils. Mould oil with 2% v/v oleic acid interferes with soil organic carbon determinations because of hydrocarbon residues. There are minimal effects on electrical conductivity and gravimetric soil water content. Sparing and careful use of all lubricants in soil sampling is required, with special care where organic carbon content is a measured soil property.
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Oosterwoud, M. R., E. J. M. Temminghoff, and S. E. A. T. M. van der Zee. "Quantification of DOC concentrations in relation with soil properties of soils in tundra and taiga of Northern European Russia." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 3 (May 4, 2010): 3189–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-3189-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Potential mobilization and transport of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in subarctic river basins towards the oceans is enormous, because 23–48% of the worlds Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is stored in northern regions. As climate changes, the amount and composition of DOC exported from these basins are expected to change. The transfer of organic carbon between soils and rivers results in fractionation of organic carbon compounds. The aim of this research is to determine the DOC concentrations, its fractions, i.e. humic (HA), fulvic (FA), and hydrophilic (HY) acids, and soil characteristics that influence the DOC sorptive properties of different soil types within a tundra and taiga catchment of Northern European Russia. DOC in taiga and tundra soil profiles (soil solution) consisted only of HY and FA, where HY became more abundant with increasing depth. Adsorption of DOC on mineral phases is the key geochemical process for release and removal of DOC from potentially soluble carbon pool. We found that adsorbed organic carbon may desorb easily and can release DOC quickly, without being dependent on mineralization and degradation. Although Extractable Organic Carbon (EOC) comprise only a small part of SOC, it is a significant buffering pool for DOC. We found that about 80–90% of released EOC was previously adsorbed. Fractionation of EOC is also influenced by the fact that predominantly HA and FA adsorbed to soil and therefore also are the main compounds released when desorbed. Flowpaths vary between taiga and tundra and through seasons, which likely affects DOC concentration found in streams. As climate changes, also flowpaths of water through soils may change, especially in tundra caused by thawing soils. Therefore, adsorptive properties of thawing soils exert a major control on DOC leaching to rivers. To better understand the process of DOC ad- and de-sorption in soils, process based soil chemical modelling, which could bring more insight in solution speciation, mineral solubility, and adsorption reactions, is appropriate.
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Tobiašová, Erika. "The Potential Of The Soil For Stabilisation Of Organic Carbon In Soil Aggregates." Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo) 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agri-2015-0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Carbon stabilisation in soil is the result of interaction between the chemical and physical mechanisms of protection and the dominance of the mechanism depends not only on the long-term constant characteristics of soil but also on the properties, which can be partly influenced by human activities. In this study, the potential of the soil for stabilisation of carbon (Ps) in different soil types depending on soil properties was compared. Experiment included six soils (Eutric Fluvisol, Mollic Fluvisol, Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Eutric Cambisol, and Rendzic Leptosol) of different land uses (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem) in Slovakia. Ps was determined with dependence on the ratio of labile and stable fractions of carbon in the soil macro-aggregates. Ps was in an exponential dependence (r = 0.942; P < 0.01) with production potential of the soil, and the fractions of dry-sieved aggregates larger than 3 mm play an important role in the first stages of the carbon stabilisation. The suitable parameter, which reflects the changes in carbon stability in the soil is the ratio of the labile carbon and non-labile carbon in the soil macro-aggregates (L/NL). Lower values of L/NL that indicate a higher stability of carbon were determined at a higher pH, at the higher content of carbonates and exchangeable basic cations, and at a higherportion of humic acids free and bound with mobile sesquioxides R2O3.
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Aitken, RL, PW Moody, and PG Mckinley. "Lime requirement of acidic Queensland soils. I. Relationships between soil properties and pH buffer capacity." Soil Research 28, no. 5 (1990): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900695.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pH buffer capacity of 40 acidic surface soils (pHw <6.5) was determined from soil-CaCO3- moist incubations. Buffer capacity values ranged from 02 to 5.4 g CaCO3 kg-1 soil unit-1 pH increase. Organic carbon, clay content, ECEC, 1M KCl extractable acidity and Al, and the change in CEC with pH (�CEC) were measured and correlated with pH buffer capacity. Step-up multiple linear regression indicated that the effect of �CEC on buffer capacity was highly significant (r2 = 0.77, P <0.001), whereas that of exchangeable Al or exchange acidity was not. This suggests that deprotonation reactions, compared with exchangeable Al or exchange acidity, are considerably more important in determining buffer capacity. The major soil property affecting �CEC in our soils was the organic carbon content and, when step-up multiple linear regression was used, �CEC could be best estimated by organic carbon plus clay content plus ECEC (R2 = 0.77, P < 0.001). To ascertain whether exchangeable Al (or exchange acidity) would contribute to buffer capacity in soils with less variable charge, soils of relatively low organic carbon (<2.5%) were considered. For the 33 soils with <2.5% organic carbon, �CEC was still the major determinant of buffer capacity (r2 = 0.76, P <0.001), although inclusion of exchange acidity in a multiple regression with �CEC significantly increased the variance accounted for (R2 = 0.80, P < 0.001). Of the soil properties that could be routinely measured, a multiple regression equation combining organic carbon, clay content and exchange acidity accounted for 85% of the variance in buffer capacity, with organic carbon being the most important.
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Colombi, Tino, Florian Walder, Lucie Büchi, Marlies Sommer, Kexing Liu, Johan Six, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Raphaël Charles, and Thomas Keller. "On-farm study reveals positive relationship between gas transport capacity and organic carbon content in arable soil." SOIL 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-91-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Arable soils may act as a sink in the global carbon cycle, but the prediction of their potential for carbon sequestration remains challenging. Amongst other factors, soil aeration is known to influence root growth and microbial activity and thus inputs and decomposition of soil organic carbon. However, the influence of soil aeration on soil organic carbon content has been explored only little, especially at the farm level. Here, we investigated relationships between gas transport properties and organic carbon content in the topsoil and subsoil of 30 fields of individual farms, covering a wide range of textural composition. The fields were managed either conventionally, organically, or according to no-till practice. Despite considerable overlap between the management systems, we found that tillage increased soil gas transport capability in the topsoil, while organic farming resulted in higher soil organic carbon content. Remarkably, higher gas transport capability was associated with higher soil organic carbon content, both in the topsoil and subsoil (0.53 < R2 < 0.71). Exogenous organic carbon inputs in the form of crop residues and organic amendments, in contrast, were not related to soil organic carbon content. Based on this, we conjecture that higher gas transport capability resulted in improved conditions for root growth, which eventually led to increased input of soil organic carbon. Our findings show the importance of soil aeration for carbon storage in soil and highlight the need to consider aeration in the evaluation of carbon sequestration strategies in cropping systems.
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Voltr, Václav, Ladislav Menšík, Lukáš Hlisnikovský, Martin Hruška, Eduard Pokorný, and Lubica Pospíšilová. "The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The content of organic matter in the soil, its labile (hot water extractable carbon–HWEC) and stable (soil organic carbon–SOC) form is a fundamental factor affecting soil productivity and health. The current research in soil organic matter (SOM) is focused on individual fragmented approaches and comprehensive evaluation of HWEC and SOC changes. The present state of the soil together with soil’s management practices are usually monitoring today but there has not been any common model for both that has been published. Our approach should help to assess the changes in HWEC and SOC content depending on the physico-chemical properties and soil´s management practices (e.g., digestate application, livestock and mineral fertilisers, post-harvest residues, etc.). The one- and multidimensional linear regressions were used. Data were obtained from the various soil´s climatic conditions (68 localities) of the Czech Republic. The Czech farms in operating conditions were observed during the period 2008–2018. The obtained results of ll monitored experimental sites showed increasing in the SOC content, while the HWEC content has decreased. Furthermore, a decline in pH and soil´s saturation was documented by regression modelling. Mainly digestate application was responsible for this negative consequence across all soils in studied climatic regions. The multivariate linear regression models (MLR) also showed that HWEC content is significantly affected by natural soil fertility (soil type), phosphorus content (−30%), digestate application (+29%), saturation of the soil sorption complex (SEBCT, 21%) and the dose of total nitrogen (N) applied into the soil (−20%). Here we report that the labile forms (HWEC) are affected by the application of digestate (15%), the soil saturation (37%), the application of mineral potassium (−7%), soil pH (−14%) and the overall condition of the soil (−27%). The stable components (SOM) are affected by the content of HWEC (17%), soil texture 0.01–0.001mm (10%), and input of organic matter and nutrients from animal production (10%). Results also showed that the mineral fertilization has a negative effect (−14%), together with the soil depth (−11%), and the soil texture 0.25–2 mm (−21%) on SOM. Using modern statistical procedures (MRLs) it was confirmed that SOM plays an important role in maintaining resp. improving soil physical, biochemical and biological properties, which is particularly important to ensure the productivity of agroecosystems (soil quality and health) and to future food security.
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Tenic, Elvir, Rishikesh Ghogare, and Amit Dhingra. "Biochar—A Panacea for Agriculture or Just Carbon?" Horticulturae 6, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6030037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sustainable production of food faces formidable challenges. Foremost is the availability of arable soils, which have been ravaged by the overuse of fertilizers and detrimental soil management techniques. The maintenance of soil quality and reclamation of marginal soils are urgent priorities. The use of biochar, a carbon-rich, porous material thought to improve various soil properties, is gaining interest. Biochar (BC) is produced through the thermochemical decomposition of organic matter in a process known as pyrolysis. Importantly, the source of organic material, or ‘feedstock’, used in this process and different parameters of pyrolysis determine the chemical and physical properties of biochar. The incorporation of BC impacts soil–water relations and soil health, and it has been shown to have an overall positive impact on crop yield; however, pre-existing physical, chemical, and biological soil properties influence the outcome. The effects of long-term field application of BC and how it influences the soil microcosm also need to be understood. This literature review, including a focused meta-analysis, summarizes the key outcomes of BC studies and identifies critical research areas for future investigations. This knowledge will facilitate the predictable enhancement of crop productivity and meaningful carbon sequestration.
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Liu, Man, Guilin Han, Xiaoqiang Li, Shitong Zhang, Wenxiang Zhou, and Qian Zhang. "Effects of Soil Properties on K Factor in the Granite and Limestone Regions of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030801.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil erosion has become a serious ecological problem in many catchments. Soil erodibility K factor can be estimated based on a series of soil properties, however, the identification of dominant soil properties that affect K factor prediction at different soil types has been little concerned. In this study, 3 soil profiles from the Jiulongjiang River Catchment (JRC) of granite region in Fujian province and 18 soil profiles from the Chenqi Catchment (CC) of karst region in Guizhou province were selected. Soil properties, including soil particle size distribution, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic nitrogen (SON) content, and soil pH, were determined, and the K factors were estimated in the erosion productivity impact calculator (EPIC) model. The soils in the granite region were characteristic for coarse texture, low SOC and SON, and strong acidity compared with limestone soils. Although the K factors in both regions ranged from 0.009 to 0.018, they were overestimated in limestone soils due to frequent soil aggregation, which enhanced soil permeability, hence reduced soil erodibility. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation model (SEM) showed that (1) K factor estimation in the soils of the granite region mainly depended on soil texture, of which silt was the most important factor; (2) while K factor in limestone soils was mainly controlled by soil organic matter (SOM) content, other soil properties, including soil pH, clay and silt contents, could indirectly affect prediction of K factor by affecting SOM accumulation.
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Bartholomeus, Harm, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Daan Blok, Roman Sofronov, and Sergey Udaltsov. "Spectral Estimation of Soil Properties in Siberian Tundra Soils and Relations with Plant Species Composition." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/241535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Predicted global warming will be most pronounced in the Arctic and will severely affect permafrost environments. Due to its large spatial extent and large stocks of soil organic carbon, changes to organic matter decomposition rates and associated carbon fluxes in Arctic permafrost soils will significantly impact the global carbon cycle. We explore the potential of soil spectroscopy to estimate soil carbon properties and investigate the relation between soil properties and vegetation composition. Soil samples are collected in Siberia, and vegetation descriptions are made at each sample point. First, laboratory-determined soil properties are related to the spectral reflectance of wet and dried samples using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR). SMLR, using selected wavelengths related with C and N, yields high calibration accuracies for C and N. PLSR yields a good prediction model for K and a moderate model for pH. Using these models, soil properties are determined for a larger number of samples, and soil properties are related to plant species composition. This analysis shows that variation of soil properties is large within vegetation classes, but vegetation composition can be used for qualitative estimation of soil properties.
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Olivier, Renaldo. "Entisol Chemical Properties on the System Organic Agriculture." International Journal of Science and Society 2, no. 3 (July 18, 2020): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v2i3.148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agricultural systems based on high input energy materials (fossil materials) such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides can damage soil properties and will ultimately reduce soil productivity in the future. Alternative agricultural systems that use low input energy (low input energy) are believed to be able to maintain soil fertility and environmental sustainability while at the same time maintaining or increasing soil productivity. Organic farming systems prioritize the use of organic materials and waste recycling. This research reveals how changes have taken place in the physical and chemical properties of soils that have carried out organic farming systems for several times. The study uses a sampling method on farmer’s land that has been studied to treat organic and non-organic farming systems. Two soil samples were taken from 2 different locations to represent soil organic farming systems and 4 soil samples were taken from 4 different locations representing non-organic farming systems. Soil sampling was carried out at a depth of 20 cm. The results showed significant differences in the chemical properties of the soil (CEC, pH H2O, available P, available K, total N, carbon content, humic acid and fulfat) between the soil with organic and inorganic farming systems which showed better values in the agricultural system organic.
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Renaldo Olivar. "Entisol Chemical Properties On The System Organic Agriculture." INFLUENCE : International Journal of Science Review 3, no. 1 (August 6, 2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/influence.v3i1.121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agricultural systems based on high input energy materials (fossil materials) such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides can damage soil properties and will ultimately reduce soil productivity in the future.Alternative agricultural systems that use low input energy (low input energy) are believed to be able to maintain soil fertility and environmental sustainability while at the same time maintaining or increasing soil productivity. Organic farming systems prioritize the use of organic materials and waste recycling. This research reveals how changes have taken place in the physical and chemical properties of soils that have carried out organic farming systems for several times.The study uses a sampling method on farmer’s land that has been studied to treat organic and non-organic farming systems. Two soil samples were taken from 2 different locations to represent soil organic farming systems and 4 soil samples were taken from 4 different locations representing non-organic farming systems. Soil sampling was carried out at a depth of 20 cm.The results showed significant differences in the chemical properties of the soil (CEC, pH H2O, available P, available K, total N, carbon content, humic acid and fulfat) between the soil with organic and inorganic farming systems which showed better values in the agricultural system organic.
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Viola Whit. "Entisol Chemical Properties In The Organic Agriculture System." International Journal of Science and Society 4, no. 4 (December 8, 2022): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i4.597.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Farming systems based on high input energy materials (fossil materials), such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, can damage soil properties and will ultimately reduce soil productivity in the future. Alternative agricultural systems using low input energy (LEE) are believed to be able to maintain soil fertility and environmental sustainability while at the same time maintaining or increasing soil productivity. Organic farming systems prioritize the use of organic materials and the recycling of waste. This research reveals how changes have occurred in the physical and chemical properties of soils that have carried out organic farming systems several times. The study uses a method of sampling farmers' land that has been studied to treat organic and non-organic farming systems. Two soil samples were taken from 2 different locations to represent organic soil farming systems and 4 soil samples were taken from 4 different locations to represent non-organic farming systems. Soil sampling was carried out at a depth of 20 cm. The results showed significant differences in the chemical properties of the soil (CEC, pH H2O, available P, available K, total N, carbon content, humic acid and fulfat) between the soil with organic and inorganic agriculture systems that showed better values in the organic farming system
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Lieffering, RE, and CDA Mclay. "The effect of hydroxide solutions on dissolution of organic-carbon in some New Zealand soils." Soil Research 33, no. 5 (1995): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950873.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The disposal of high pH, hydroxide-based, liquid wastes using land treatment systems is becoming increasingly common in New Zealand. For effective disposal of high pH liquid wastes to land, it is necessary to understand the effects of different hydroxide-based solutions on organic carbon dissolution to ensure soil physical properties are not adversely affected. Single-step and multi-step extraction experiments were designed to investigate the effect of high pH solutions on organic carbon dissolution in four New Zealand soils. In the single-step extraction experiments, soil was shaken with varying concentrations of NaOH and KOH (0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 M) at a 1:5 soil to solution ratio for 18 h. Organic carbon dissolution occurred at very low concentrations and increased linearly with hydroxide concentration, with up to 45% of the total initial organic carbon dissolved when 0.3 M NaOH was used. KOH dissolved slightly less organic carbon than NaOH, indicating that a cation difference occurred. When the anion was changed to chloride, the amount of organic carbon dissolved was very small (<2% of total initial organic carbon) for all concentrations, indicating that the hydroxide anion was most important in causing organic carbon dissolution. Multi-step experiments involved repeatedly shaking soil with fresh hydroxide extracting solutions, and showed that the difference between NaOH and KOH in dissolving organic carbon decreased as the number of extractions increased. The cumulative amount of organic carbon dissolved increased from about 45% after a single-step extraction to about 75% after five extractions. Organic carbon dissolution with different solutions tended to be higher in an allophanic soil, but similar in soils dominated by phyllosilicate clay minerals. The results indicate that factors such as the chemical composition of the liquid waste and soil type need to be considered prior to land disposal to prevent adverse effects on soil physical properties.
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Kondras, Marek, Danuta Czępińska-Kamińska, Paulina Sienicka, Anna Otręba, Karol Torzewski, and Lidia Oktaba. "The Stock of Organic Carbon in Forest Soils in Phytocenosis of the Continental Mixed Coniferous Forest in Kampinos National Park." Soil Science Annual 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10239-012-0038-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this study physical and chemical analyses of soils were conducted in four areas of the habitat fresh mixed coniferous forest typical of the Kampinos National Park (20% forest area KPN). An attempt was made to evaluate the stock of organic carbon in every genetic horizon and the whole profiles of selected soils, and one counted the indicator ITGL (FSTI - Forest Soil Trophizm Index). In the examined soils, the particle size distributions, the content and ability to store organic carbon was analyzed as well as the amount of total nitrogen, C:N ratio, soil reaction and sorption properties. The highest content and stock of organic carbon was noted in the Brunic Arenosol (Distric) Postagricultural. In the investigated soils, the reserve of the organic carbon is accumulated in almost equal proportional shares, dividing soil into horizontal organic and mineral parts.
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Huslystyi, A. O., and V. A. Gorban. "Color indicators as parameters for predicting the content of organic carbon in soils." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 51 (December 15, 2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/442208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of chemical, physical and biological properties of soil is important for theoretical and practical soil science. The study of soil properties, in particular the determination of organic carbon content, requires a lot of time and money. Effective measurement of soil organic carbon is necessary to manage the functioning of ecosystems. Organic carbon has an important effect on soil properties and also plays a key role in mitigating the effects of climate change, as carbon dioxide (CO2) can be removed from the atmosphere and stored in the soil, thereby reducing the warming effect. Soil color is one of the key soil characteristics that can be quickly analyzed and is closely related to a number of other physical and chemical soil parameters. According to the researches of domestic and foreign scientists, soils are the main storage place for soil carbon, which plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. With technological progress and the development of imaging systems, image-based soil characterization methods have attracted considerable attention from the global soil science community. Unlike soil spectroscopy, imaging devices such as digital cameras or phone cameras are readily available. Traditionally, soil color is quantified using Munsell’s color system, which requires subjective visual comparison, but recently foreign scientists have begun to use RGB, CMYK, HSB color schemes, the definition of which is available in almost all computer graphics editors. With the increase in the use of smartphones and the gradual improvement of the quality of photo images, the use of smartphone photos to predict organic carbon content shows great potential for development. Unlike face recognition and other recognition methods that mainly rely on object profiles, color is one of the most important factors in determining the accuracy of organic carbon prediction. Different hardware configurations and hardware software settings may cause differences in photo colors.
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Ansong Omari, Richard, Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura, Yoshiharu Fujii, Elsie Sarkodee-Addo, Kwame Appiah Sarpong, and Yosei Oikawa. "Nitrogen Mineralization and Microbial Biomass Dynamics in Different Tropical Soils Amended with Contrasting Organic Resources." Soil Systems 2, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2040063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of location-specific and underutilized organic residues (OR) as soil amendments in small-holder agro-ecosystems is promising. Six ORs (Leucaena leucocephala, Centrosema pubescens, Gliricidia sepium, Pueraria phaseoloides, Azadirachta indica, and Theobroma cacao) were amended to three tropical soils each at 24 mg g−1 dry soil in 120-day incubation study to estimate their nitrogen (N) mineralization and microbial biomass carbon (C) dynamics. Inorganic N contents varied among ORs, soil type and incubation days. Regardless of soil type, Gliricidia had the highest inorganic N among the studied ORs. Mineralization rate of 1.4 to 1.5 mg N kg−1 soil day−1 was observed for Lego and Tec soils, respectively, and was twice higher than Nya soil. However, Nya soil released higher inorganic N than Tec and Lego soils, implying high N mineralization efficiency in the former. Consistent soil pH increase was respectively observed for Theobroma and Pueraria treatments in all soils. Moreover, Theobroma and Pueraria amendments showed the highest soil microbial biomass C (MBC) at the end of the incubation. The assessed soil properties likely affected by the dominant edaphic factors and management influenced differences in MBC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) while OR quality indices controlled N mineralization. Thus, we conclude that soil properties and OR type are important factors for optimal utilization of organic resources.
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Martin, M. P., M. Wattenbach, P. Smith, J. Meersmans, C. Jolivet, L. Boulonne, and D. Arrouays. "Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stocks in France." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 6 (November 18, 2010): 8409–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-8409-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Soil organic carbon plays a major role in the global carbon budget, and can act as a source or a sink of atmospheric carbon, whereby it can influence the course of climate change. Changes in soil organic soil stocks (SOCS) are now taken into account in international negotiations regarding climate change. Consequently, developing sampling schemes and models for estimating the spatial distribution of SOCS is a priority. The French soil monitoring network has been established on a 16 km × 16 km grid and the first sampling campaign has recently been completed, providing circa 2200 measurements of stocks of soil organic carbon, obtained through an in situ composite sampling, uniformly distributed over the French territory. We calibrated a boosted regression tree model on the observed stocks, modelling SOCS as a function of other variables such as climatic parameters, vegetation net primary productivity, soil properties and land use. The calibrated model was evaluated through cross-validation and eventually used for estimating SOCS for the whole of metropolitan France. Two other models were calibrated on forest and agricultural soils separately, in order to assess more precisely the influence of pedo-climatic variables on soil organic carbon for such soils. The boosted regression tree model showed good predictive ability, and enabled quantification of relationships between SOCS and pedo-climatic variables (plus their interactions) over the French territory. These relationship strongly depended on the land use, and more specifically differed between forest soils and cultivated soil. The total estimate of SOCS in France was 3.260 ± 0.872 PgC for the first 30 cm. It was compared to another estimate, based on the previously published European soil organic carbon and bulk density maps, of 5.303 PgC. We demonstrate that the present estimate might better represent the actual SOCS distributions of France, and consequently that the previously published approach at the European level greatly overestimates SOCS.
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Scherer, H. W., D. J. Metker, and G. Welp. "Effect of long-term organic amendments on chemical and microbial properties of a luvisol." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 11 (November 8, 2011): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3283-pse.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We studied the long-term effect (about 45 years) of farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost application in two increments on organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), the amount (C<sub>mic</sub>) and activity of the microbial biomass (soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity), total N content and N delivery of soils as compared to manuring with mineral fertilizers. The application of both increments of compost and the high sewage sludge application rate resulted in an increase in C<sub>org</sub> while soils treated with both compost application rates and the high farmyard manure application rate showed a significant increase in C<sub>mic</sub>. C<sub>mic</sub>/C<sub>org</sub> ranged between 1.7 and 3.3. Dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration were the greatest in the soil with the highest compost and farmyard manure application rates. Total soil N content was significantly higher in both compost treatments and in the treatment with the high sewage sludge application rate. This was accompanied by the highest N uptake of ryegrass.
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Quesada, Carlos Alberto, Claudia Paz, Erick Oblitas Mendoza, Oliver Lawrence Phillips, Gustavo Saiz, and Jon Lloyd. "Variations in soil chemical and physical properties explain basin-wide Amazon forest soil carbon concentrations." SOIL 6, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 53–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-53-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We investigate the edaphic, mineralogical and climatic controls of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration utilising data from 147 primary forest soils (0–30 cm depth) sampled in eight different countries across the Amazon Basin. Sampled across 14 different World Reference Base soil groups, our data suggest that stabilisation mechanism varies with pedogenetic level. Specifically, although SOC concentrations in Ferralsols and Acrisols were best explained by simple variations in clay content – this presumably being due to their relatively uniform kaolinitic mineralogy – this was not the case for less weathered soils such as Alisols, Cambisols and Plinthosols for which interactions between Al species, soil pH and litter quality are argued to be much more important. Although for more strongly weathered soils the majority of SOC is located within the aggregate fraction, for the less weathered soils most of the SOC is located within the silt and clay fractions. It thus seems that for highly weathered soils SOC storage is mostly influenced by surface area variations arising from clay content, with physical protection inside aggregates rendering an additional level of protection against decomposition. On the other hand, most of the SOC in less weathered soils is associated with the precipitation of aluminium–carbon complexes within the fine soil fraction, with this mechanism enhanced by the presence of high levels of aromatic, carboxyl-rich organic matter compounds. Also examined as part of this study were a relatively small number of arenic soils (viz. Arenosols and Podzols) for which there was a small but significant influence of clay and silt content variations on SOM storage, with fractionation studies showing that particulate organic matter may account for up to 0.60 of arenic soil SOC. In contrast to what were in all cases strong influences of soil and/or litter quality properties, after accounting for these effects neither wood productivity, above-ground biomass nor precipitation/temperature variations were found to exert any significant influence on SOC stocks. These results have important implications for our understanding of how Amazon forest soils are likely to respond to ongoing and future climate changes.
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Kundu, Dipa, Rubina Khanam, Sushanta Saha, Umalaxmi Thingujam, and G. C. Hazra. "Boron availability in relation to some important soil chemical properties in acid soils of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2400–2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the present study, we investigated the distribution of soil available boron and its relationship with some soil properties in the samples collected from different locations in acidic alluvial soils of Cooch Behar district in West Bengal during 2013-2014. For the study about two hundred fifty (250) georeferenced surface soil samples covering 11 blocks of the districts were collected with the help of a global positioning system (GPS). The soil results revealed that pH of the analyzed samples varied from 4.91-7.28 (mean value 5.68) which indicated that soils of the district were in the acidic to slightly acidic in reaction. Organic carbon content of the soils varied from 0.42 to 1.62 % with a mean value of 0.96 % and about 93.7 % of the samples were high whereas about 5.2 and 1.2 % of the samples analyzed were in medium and low category, respectively. Results also indicated that the available B content in the soils of the districts ranged from 0.04 to 3.87 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 0.51 mg kg-1 and about 38.26 % soil samples were classified under low, whereas, 3.58 and 0.35 % samples were categorized as medium and high in available B content. It was further indicated that the content of available B in soil was positively correlated with organic carbon (r = 0.170**) and negatively correlated with pH (r = -0.021). Organic carbon status was also found to be positively and non significantly correlated with soil pH (r = 0.062). The results of the study would be immensely helpful for the extension workers to recommended B application considering pH and organic carbon status in acidic soils of the district for a profitable crop production.
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Pennock, D. J., B. L. McCann, E. de Jong, and D. S. Lemmen. "Effects of soil redistribution on soil properties in a cultivated Solonetzic-Chernozemic landscape of southwestern Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although approximately 1.3 million ha of mixed Solonetzic – Chernozemic landscapes are cultivated in Saskatchewan, little information is available on the effects that agriculture has had on the quality of these soils. At our research site in southwestern Saskatchewan a clear landscape-scale pattern of soil distribution occurred. Regosolic and thin Chernozemic soils were associated with the long, gentle (2–5%) slopes and Solonetzic-influenced soils were associated with higher catchment area footslope and depressional positions. High rates of soil loss occurred throughout the landscape – overall a net soil loss of 31 Mg ha yr−1 was calculated using 137Cs redistribution techniques. No net depositional sites were observed in the 45 sampling points in the landscape, suggesting that the site was dominated by wind erosion. The high rates of loss were consistent with very low levels of soil organic carbon storage (37 to 46 Mg ha−1 to 45 cm) at all slope positions in the landscape and with the occurrence of sub-soil features in the plough layer. The Solonetzic-influenced soils occupy 38% of the site and have high sodium adsorption ratios (from 18 to 38 in the B horizon) and high soil resistance values as determined with a penetrometer. For the Solonetz and Solodized Solonetz soils these growth-limiting properties occur immediately below the 10-cm plough layer and may constitute a largely irreversible decrease in their productive capacity. Key words: Cesium-137, soil erosion, soil quality, landscape-scale, organic carbon