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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Soil erosion South Australia St"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Soil erosion South Australia St"

Harper, R. J., R. J. Gilkes, M. J. Hill, and D. J. Carter. "Wind erosion and soil carbon dynamics in south-western Australia." Aeolian Research 1, no. 3-4 (January 2010): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.10.003.

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Yang, Xihua, and Bofu Yu. "Modelling and mapping rainfall erosivity in New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 53, no. 2 (2015): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14188.

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Considerable seasonal and inter-annual changes exist in rainfall amount and intensity in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. These changes are expected to have significant effect on rainfall erosivity and soil erosion by water, but the magnitude of the impact is not well quantified because of the non-linear and dynamic nature of the relationship between rainfall amount and rainfall erosivity. The primary aim of this study was to model spatial and temporal variations in rainfall erosivity and impacts on hillslope erosion across NSW. We developed a daily rainfall erosivity model for NSW to calculate monthly and annual rainfall erosivity values by using gridded daily rainfall data for a continuous 53-year period including a baseline period (1961–90) and a recent period (2000–12). Model parameters were improved based on their geographic locations and elevations to be truly geo-referenced and representative of the regional relationships. Monthly and annual hillslope erosion risk for the same periods was estimated with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. We produced finer scale (100-m) maps of rainfall erosivity and hillslope erosion through spatial interpolation techniques, and implemented the calculation of rainfall erosivity and hillslope erosion in a geographic information system by using automated scripts so that it is fast, repeatable and portable. The modelled rainfall erosivity values were compared with pluviograph calculations and previous studies, and the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency is >0.90. Outcomes from this study provide not only baseline information but also continuous estimates of rainfall erosivity and hillslope erosions allowing better monitoring and mitigation of hillslope erosion risk in NSW.

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Yang, Xihua, Jonathan Gray, Greg Chapman, Qinggaozi Zhu, Mitch Tulau, and Sally McInnes-Clarke. "Digital mapping of soil erodibility for water erosion in New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 56, no. 2 (2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17058.

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Soil erodibility represents the soil’s response to rainfall and run-off erosivity and is related to soil properties such as organic matter content, texture, structure, permeability and aggregate stability. Soil erodibility is an important factor in soil erosion modelling, such as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), in which it is represented by the soil erodibility factor (K-factor). However, determination of soil erodibility at larger spatial scales is often problematic because of the lack of spatial data on soil properties and field measurements for model validation. Recently, a major national project has resulted in the release of digital soil maps (DSMs) for a wide range of key soil properties over the entire Australian continent at approximately 90-m spatial resolution. In the present study we used the DSMs and New South Wales (NSW) Soil and Land Information System to map and validate soil erodibility for soil depths up to 100 cm. We assessed eight empirical methods or existing maps on erodibility estimation and produced a harmonised high-resolution soil erodibility map for the entire state of NSW with improvements based on studies in NSW. The modelled erodibility values were compared with those from field measurements at soil plots for NSW soils and revealed good agreement. The erodibility map shows similar patterns as that of the parent material lithology classes, but no obvious trend with any single soil property. Most of the modelled erodibility values range from 0.02 to 0.07 t ha h ha–1 MJ–1 mm–1 with a mean (± s.d.) of 0.035 ± 0.007 t ha h ha–1 MJ–1 mm–1. The validated K-factor map was further used along with other RUSLE factors to assess soil loss across NSW for preventing and managing soil erosion.

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Cooke, JW. "Effect of fallowing practices on runoff and soil erosion in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850628.

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The effect on runoff and soil loss of four methods of preparation of fallow was investigated at each of three sites in north-central Victoria. There was a chemical fallow treatment (uncultivated) and three scarified treatments (smooth, medium and rough cultivation). When the results from the three sites were combined, there was 10.7 mm runoff from the uncultivated treatment, 5.1 mm from the smooth, 0.8 mm from the medium and 0.3 mm from the rough scarified treatments. Soil loss from the uncultivated treatment was 103 g/m2 compared with 87 g/m2 from the smooth, 22 g/m2 from the medium and 13 g/m2 from the rough treatment. The concentration of sediment in the runoff was negatively correlated (R2 = -0.56 to -0.98) with runoff. It ranged from 1.21% (w/w) for the uncultivated to 5.06% (w/w) for the rough scarified treatment. The results show that a regimen of minimum scarification to produce a rough surface, and then use of herbicides to control weeds, reduces soil loss compared with either an uncultivated or a smoothly cultivated soil surface.

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Lu, Hua, Ian P. Prosser, Chris J. Moran, John C. Gallant, Graeme Priestley, and Janelle G. Stevenson. "Predicting sheetwash and rill erosion over the Australian continent." Soil Research 41, no. 6 (2003): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02157.

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Soil erosion is a major environmental issue in Australia. It reduces land productivity and has off-site effects of decreased water quality. Broad-scale spatially distributed soil erosion estimation is essential for prioritising erosion control programs and as a component of broader assessments of natural resource condition. This paper describes spatial modelling methods and results that predict sheetwash and rill erosion over the Australian continent using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and spatial data layers for each of the contributing environmental factors. The RUSLE has been used before in this way but here we advance the quality of estimation. We use time series of remote sensing imagery and daily rainfall to incorporate the effects of seasonally varying cover and rainfall intensity, and use new digital maps of soil and terrain properties. The results are compared with a compilation of Australian erosion plot data, revealing an acceptable consistency between predictions and observations. The modelling results show that: (1) the northern part of Australia has greater erosion potential than the south; (2) erosion potential differs significantly between summer and winter; (3) the average erosion rate is 4.1 t/ha.year over the continent and about 2.9 × 109 tonnes of soil is moved annually which represents 3.9% of global soil erosion from 5% of world land area; and (4) the erosion rate has increased from 4 to 33 times on average for agricultural lands compared with most natural vegetated lands.

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Yang, Xihua, John Leys, Mingxi Zhang, and Jonathan M. Gray. "Estimating nutrient transport associated with water and wind erosion across New South Wales, Australia." Geoderma 430 (February 2023): 116345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116345.

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Tiller, KG, LH Smith, and RH Merry. "Accessions of atmospheric dust east of Adelaide, South Australia, and the implications for pedogenesis." Soil Research 25, no. 1 (1987): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870043.

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Atmospheric dust and rainfall were collected at 19 locations within a 90 x 10 km study area extending eastwards from the coast near Adelaide, South Australia. Monthly collections for up to 3 years established seasonal and regional trends in fallout of particulate matter. Fallout was highest in the area of highest rainfall, but correlation of monthly rainfall with fallout was generally not statistically significant. The amount of dust collected was higher under tree foliage than in adjacent open space. Annual accession of atmospheric dust within this urban-rural transect was in the range of 5-10 t km-2 but the occasional severe dust storm could contribute about half the annual rate. These accretions of dust to the landscape, 2.5-5 mm per 1000 years, were about one hundredth of the recommended soil loss tolerance adopted in many studies of soil erosion, and thus unlikely to contribute significantly to models developed for soil loss on that basis. Dust accessions were, however, similar to estimates of rates of soil formation or profile deepening on resistant rocks of 1-5 mm per 1000 years which may be appropriate to conditions in southern Australia. Incorporation of such accessions into existing soils would be difficult to identify yet may provide a significant factor in pedogenesis in the higher rainfall areas. The low rates of soil development in many Australian landscapes, with contribution from both weathering and eolian dust inputs, would encourage the adoption of soil loss tolerances in soil erosion management that are orders of magnitude lower than those commonly accepted.

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Doran-Browne, Natalie A., John Ive, Phillip Graham, and Richard J. Eckard. "Carbon-neutral wool farming in south-eastern Australia." Animal Production Science 56, no. 3 (2016): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15541.

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Ruminant livestock production generates higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) compared with other types of farming. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce or offset those emissions where possible. Although mitigation options exist that reduce ruminant GHGE through the use of feed management, flock structure or breeding management, these options only reduce the existing emissions by up to 30% whereas planting trees and subsequent carbon sequestration in trees and soil has the potential for livestock emissions to be offset in their entirety. Trees can introduce additional co-benefits that may increase production such as reduced salinity and therefore increased pasture production, shelter for animals or reduced erosion. Trees will also use more water and compete with pastures for water and light. Therefore, careful planning is required to locate trees where the co-benefits can be maximised instead of any negative trade-offs. This study analysed the carbon balance of a wool case study farm, Talaheni, in south-eastern Australia to determine if the farm was carbon neutral. The Australian National Greenhouse Gas Inventory was used to calculate GHGE and carbon stocks, with national emissions factors used where available, and otherwise figures from the IPCC methodology being used. Sources of GHGE were from livestock, energy and fuel, and carbon stocks were present in the trees and soil. The results showed that from when the farm was purchased in 1980–2012 the farm had sequestered 11 times more carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) in trees and soil than was produced by livestock and energy. Between 1980 and 2012 a total of 31 100 t CO2e were sequestered with 19 300 and 11 800 t CO2e in trees and soil, respectively, whereas farm emissions totalled 2800 t CO2e. There was a sufficient increase in soil carbon stocks alone to offset all GHGE at the study site. This study demonstrated that there are substantial gains to be made in soil carbon stocks where initial soils are eroded and degraded and there is the opportunity to increase soil carbon either through planting trees or introducing perennial pastures to store more carbon under pastures. Further research would be beneficial on the carbon-neutral potential of farms in more fertile, high-rainfall areas. These areas typically have higher stocking rates than the present study and would require higher levels of carbon stocks for the farm to be carbon neutral.

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Bayne, Paul, Robert Harden, and Ian Davies. "Feral goats (Capra hircus L.) in the Macleay River gorge system, north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. I. Impacts on soil erosion." Wildlife Research 31, no. 5 (2004): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03039.

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The impact of feral goats (Capra hircus) on the rate of erosion in steep gorge country was estimated. The erosion (sediment flux) in a manipulated treatment area before and after the removal of goats was compared with erosion in two adjacent unmanipulated areas: one with goats at high density (~20 goats km–2) and one with very few goats (~0.2 goats km–2). Erosion was measured with 36 2-m-wide catch fences, collecting debris (soil and rock) moving down 40° slopes over 10 collection periods spanning 31 months. In the central manipulated area, goats were initially at high density but were completely removed during the third collection period. Over the 10 collection periods, erosion was consistently greater in the area with many goats than in the area with few goats (mean five times greater, range 2.4–11.8). This difference was significant for 6 of the 10 collection periods. Before goats were removed from the manipulated treatment, the erosion in this area was not significantly different from that in the area with many goats, but was significantly greater than the area with few goats. After goat removal erosion in the manipulated area decreased relative to each of the other treatments. By the final collection period erosion in the manipulated (goats removed) area was significantly less than in the area with many goats, but not significantly different from the area with few goats. Initial reduction in erosion following goat removal was rapid, followed by a continued slower decline over the next two years coincident with a relative increase in ground-cover vegetation. It was thought that both direct physical disturbance by the goats and secondary effects due to goat impacts on the substrate and ground-cover vegetation contributed to the increase in erosion associated with the presence of goats.

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Yang, Xihua. "Deriving RUSLE cover factor from time-series fractional vegetation cover for hillslope erosion modelling in New South Wales." Soil Research 52, no. 3 (2014): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13297.

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Soil loss due to water erosion, in particular hillslope erosion, can be estimated using predictive models such as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). One of the important and dynamic elements in the RUSLE model is the cover and management factor (C-factor), which represents effects of vegetation canopy and ground cover in reducing soil loss. This study explores the potential for using fractional vegetation cover, rather than traditional green vegetation indices (e.g. NDVI), to estimate C-factor and consequently hillslope erosion hazard across New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Values of the C-factor were estimated from the emerging time-series fractional cover products derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Time-series C-factor and hillslope erosion maps were produced for NSW on monthly and annual bases for a 13-year period from 2000 to 2012 using automated scripts in a geographic information system. The estimated C-factor time-series values were compared with previous study and field measurements in NSW revealing good consistency in both spatial and temporal contexts. Using these time-series maps, the relationship was analysed between ground cover and hillslope erosion and their temporal variation across NSW. Outcomes from this time-series study are being used to assess hillslope erosion hazard, sediment and water quality (particularly after severe bushfires) across NSW at local, catchment and regional scales.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Soil erosion South Australia St"

Sun, Hua. "Digital terrain modelling of catchment erosion and sedimentation /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs9565.pdf.

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Heshmatti, Gholam Ali. "Plant and soil indicators for detecting zones around water points in arid perennial chenopod shrublands of South Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh584.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Botany, 1997.
Errata page is behind title page (p. i). Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-156).

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Sun, Hua. "Digital terrain modelling of catchment erosion and sedimentation / Hua Sun." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19387.

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Corrigenda pasted onto front end-paper.
A study was undertaken of erosion and sedimentation in a catchment in South Australia. An erosion and sedimentation model was developed and interfaced with the existing digital terrain models called TAPES-C and THALES, to estimate soil erosion and deposition in Sauerbier Creek catchment.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1999?

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Zierholz, Christoph. "The effect of fire on runoff and soil erosion in Royal National Park, New South Wales." Master's thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146035.

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Stanton, Raymond Keith. "An areal and temporal investigation of the erosion status of a highly cultivated catchment in the south western slopes of NSW, Australia." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149662.

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Rogers, Lesley. "Gully form, process, and material associations at different spatial scales in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Phd thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147274.

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Частини книг з теми "Soil erosion South Australia St"

Holleman, Hannah. "The First Global Environmental Problem." In Dust Bowls of Empire, 38–54. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300230208.003.0003.

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This chapter challenges typical interpretations of the Dust Bowl and puts the disaster into a global frame, linking the past to the present. In so doing, the common roots of contemporary and past developments and struggles are revealed. The Dust Bowl was one spectacular instance of a global problem of soil erosion associated with capitalist colonial expansion. While the official interpretation suggests that agriculture suited for a humid region was imported to an arid region, precipitating the crisis, contemporaneous accounts illustrate how much larger the crisis was, tied up with specific social and economic developments that imposed new socio-ecological relations upon peoples of the world and upon the land irrespective of local climatic conditions. Ultimately, the common denominators across the world—from North to South America, Australia to Africa, and Southeast to East Asia—were not climate and geography, but capitalism and colonialism.

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