Статті в журналах: "Soil ecology"

1

Paoletti, Maurizio G. "Soil Ecology." Economic Botany 56, no. 4 (October 2002): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0419:se]2.0.co;2.

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2

Fuentes, J. P. "Soil Ecology." Vadose Zone Journal 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2.2.277.

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3

Zasoski, Robert J. "Soil Ecology." Journal of Environmental Quality 25, no. 2 (March 1996): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500020025x.

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4

Seastedt, Tim. "Soil Ecology." Journal of Environmental Quality 25, no. 3 (May 1996): 629–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030036x.

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5

Ball, D. F., and K. Kilham. "Soil Ecology." Journal of Ecology 83, no. 1 (February 1995): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261165.

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6

Heneghan, Liam. "Soil Ecology." Ecology 79, no. 1 (January 1998): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0351:se]2.0.co;2.

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7

Fuentes, Juan-Pablo. "Soil Ecology." Vadose Zone Journal 2, no. 2 (2003): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2003.0277.

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8

Fuentes, Juan-Pablo. "Soil Ecology." Vadose Zone Journal 2, no. 2 (May 2003): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2003.2770.

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9

Edwards, Clive A. "Soil Ecology." Applied Soil Ecology 20, no. 3 (June 2002): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-1393(02)00043-4.

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10

Edwards, Clive A. "Soil Ecology." Applied Soil Ecology 21, no. 1 (July 2002): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-1393(02)00047-1.

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11

Abbott, Lyn. "Soil ecology." Geoderma 108, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(02)00119-2.

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12

Amador, José A. "Soil Ecology." Soil Science 168, no. 3 (March 2003): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000058894.60072.69.

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13

Rossi, Federico, Alessandra Adessi, and Roberto De Philippis. "Biological soil crusts: from ecology to biotechnology." Perspectives in Phycology 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/pip/2016/0054.

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14

Belnap, Jayne. "SOIL ECOLOGY SECTION." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 84, no. 4 (October 2003): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2003)84[188b:ses]2.0.co;2.

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15

Whitebeck, Julie. "SOIL ECOLOGY SECTION." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 85, no. 4 (October 2004): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2004)85[193:ses]2.0.co;2.

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16

Whitbeck, Julie. "SOIL ECOLOGY SECTION." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 87, no. 4 (October 2006): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87[310:ses]2.0.co;2.

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17

Johnson, Nancy. "Soil Ecology Section." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 89, no. 4 (October 2008): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2008)89[371:ses]2.0.co;2.

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18

Ettema, C. "Spatial soil ecology." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02496-5.

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19

Kumar, Kolagani Hari, and M. C. Kundu. "Long-Term Effects of Rice and Non-rice Ecology on Pools of Carbon in Surface and Deep Soil in Farmer’s Field." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 4 (April 26, 2024): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i44142.

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The greatest terrestrial sink of carbon (C) is soil. In addition to improving soil quality, carbon absorption in soil helps reduce atmospheric CO2 loading. Not only the surface soil, but also the deep sub-soil act as a storehouse of C. Besides, the study of C dynamics in tropical rice soil is important in countries like India where rice is the predominant crop and soil C sequestration is at risk due to high temperatures. In this context, this study tried to understand the C dynamics in surface as well as deep soil under rice and non-rice ecology. Representative soil samples were collected from five sites of rice-rice (rice ecology) and vegetable-vegetable (non-rice ecology) cropping systems from three depths viz., 0-20 cm, 100-120 and 120-140 cm from long-term farmer’s field of Nadia district of West Bengal belonging to Alfisols to compare C dynamics of surface and deep soils as well as rice and non-rice ecology. Results indicated that surface soils exhibited higher amount of total C, total organic C and inorganic C in comparison to deep soil irrespective of crop ecologies. The rice ecology showed higher total C and total organic C in comparison to non-rice soil. As per water solubility, water-soluble (room temperature) C and hot water-soluble C which were highest in surface soil compared to deep soil as the former usually receives maximum amount of fresh C input compared to deep soil. Irrespective of crop ecology, water-soluble C (WSC), hot water-soluble C (HWC), recalcitrant C (RC) were highest in surface soil compared to deep soils. Again, irrespective of soil depth, WSC and RC were highest in rice ecology and lowest in non-rice ecology. But, HWC content was highest in non-rice ecology and lowest in rice ecology. Irrespective of crop ecology, per cent contribution of labile pool of C (WSC+ HWC) and that of RC pool towards TOC was the highest and the lowest respectively. However, irrespective of soil depth, per cent contribution of labile pool of C and that of recalcitrant pool of C towards TOC was highest and lowest in soils under non-rice ecology and rice ecology respectively. Thus, this study conclusively indicated the potential of subsoil layer to act as a C sink in comparison to surface soil. The rice soil also has been identified as a niche for soil C sequestration.

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20

Suela Silva, Monique, Alenir Naves Sales, Karina Teixeira Magalhães-Guedes, Disney Ribeiro Dias, and Rosane Freitas Schwan. "Brazilian Cerrado Soil Actinobacteria Ecology." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/503805.

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A total of 2152 Actinobacteria strains were isolated from native Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah) soils located in Passos, Luminárias, and Arcos municipalities (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The soils were characterised for chemical and microbiological analysis. The microbial analysis led to the identification of nine genera (Streptomyces, Arthrobacter, Rhodococcus, Amycolatopsis, Microbacterium, Frankia, Leifsonia, Nakamurella,andKitasatospora) and 92 distinct species in both seasons studied (rainy and dry). The rainy season produced a high microbial population of all the aforementioned genera. The pH values of the soil samples from the Passos, Luminárias, and Arcos regions varied from 4.1 to 5.5. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium, and organic matter in the soils among the studied areas. Samples from the Arcos area contained large amounts of aluminium in the rainy season and both hydrogen and aluminium in the rainy and dry seasons. The Actinobacteria population seemed to be unaffected by the high levels of aluminium in the soil. Studies are being conducted to produce bioactive compounds from Actinobacteria fermentations on different substrates. The present data suggest that the number and diversity of Actinobacteria spp. in tropical soils represent a vast unexplored resource for the biotechnology of bioactives production.

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21

Mercker, David, Ryan Blair, Don Tyler, Theresa Jain, Russell Graham, Donald Rockwood, Nicholas Koch, et al. "Silviculture and Forest Ecology." Journal of Forestry 109, no. 8 (December 1, 2011): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/109.8.491.

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Abstract 2Over the past several decades, federal incentive programs have encouraged the restoration of bottomland forests throughout the West Gulf Coastal Plain (WGCP) and the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). Programs such as the Conservation Reserve (CRP) and Wetlands Reserve (WRP) Programs have been marginally successful (Stanturf et al. 2001). Foresters and contractors often follow conventional tree planting procedures that are well established for upland sites, but prove problematic in bottomlands. High water tables, soil drainage and compaction, overland flooding and diverse soil properties make species selection difficult. Slight changes in topography and soil structure often have a dramatic effect on survival and growth of planted oak seedlings (Hodges and Schweitzer 1979). This project documented the survival and growth of six-year old seedlings that were established on a bottomland site in 2004, located at the West Tennessee Research and Education Center, Jackson, Tennessee. The purpose was to determine how soil drainage as indicated by mottling (specifically, the point of 50 percent gray color throughout the soil profile) affects the survival and growth of bottomland oak species. The findings suggest that practitioners plant Nuttall, pin and overcup oaks in poorly drained soils. As the drainage improves, begin mixing in willow oak. In the best drained soils (if they exist), finish by including water, swamp chestnut, swamp white, Shumard, cherrybark and bur oaks. Potential species diversity should expand as the soil drainage improves.

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22

Crossley,, D. A. "Soil Interactions Soil Ecology Ken Killham." BioScience 45, no. 3 (March 1995): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312567.

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23

Meulemans, Germain, Marine Legrand, Anaïs Tondeur, Yesenia Thibault-Picazo, and Alan Vergnes. "Soil Fictions: Addressing Urban Soils between Art, Soil Ecology, and Anthropology." Collaborative Anthropologies 10, no. 1-2 (2017): 20–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cla.2017.0001.

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24

Coleman, D. C., E. P. Odum, and D. A. Crossley. "Soil biology, soil ecology, and global change." Biology and Fertility of Soils 14, no. 2 (October 1992): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00336258.

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25

Sheppard, S. C. (Steve). "Fundamentals of Soil Ecology." Journal of Environmental Quality 26, no. 1 (January 1997): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600010048x.

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26

Lal, R. "ECOLOGY: Managing Soil Carbon." Science 304, no. 5669 (April 16, 2004): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1093079.

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27

Tate, Robert L. "Fundamentals of Soil Ecology." Soil Science 161, no. 7 (July 1996): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199607000-00008.

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28

Currie, William S. "Fundamentals of soil ecology." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11, no. 9 (September 1996): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)81145-1.

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29

Matschullat, Jörg. "Fundamentals of Soil Ecology." Journal of Soils and Sediments 5, no. 4 (October 2005): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/jss2005.11.005.

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30

Arora, Sanjay, and Divya Sahni. "Pesticides effect on soil microbial ecology and enzyme activity- An overview." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 1126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.929.

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In modern agriculture, chemical pesticides are frequently used in agricultural fields to increase crop production. Besides combating insect pests, these insecticides also affect the activity and population of beneficial soil microbial communities. Chemical pesticides upset the activities of soil microbes and thus may affect the nutritional quality of soils. This results in serious ecological consequences. Soil microbes had different response to different pesticides. Soil microbial biomass that plays an important role in the soil ecosystem where they have crucial role in nutrient cycling. It has been reported that field application of glyphosate increased microbial biomass carbon by 17% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 76% in nine soils at 14 days after treatment. The soil microbial biomass C increased significantly upto 30 days in chlorpyrifos as well as cartap hydrochloride treated soil, but thereafter decreased progressively with time. Soil nematodes, earthworms and protozoa are affected by field application rates of the fungicide fenpropimorph and other herbicides. Thus, there is need to assess the effect of indiscriminate use of pesticides on soil microorganisms, affecting microbial activity and soil fertility.

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31

Tyutyunnik, Yu G. "Genesis, diversity and ecology of urban soils (for example the park «Feofania», Kiev)." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 3-4 (June 6, 2014): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041418.

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In the paper the theoretical problems of the study of soils in urban areas have been considered. It is justified the notion urbopedogenesis as the process of increasing the diversity of the soil under the influence of urbanization. The main types of urbansoils of park «Feofania» and its environs have been studied and described (Kiev). The major factors and processes of soil cover degradation in the park due tohuman activity have been identified. The main types of soils of the megapolis and its environs are the following. Ekranozem – the soil of roads with an artificial covering. Not all soil scientists agree with distinguishingof such soil category. However, the tendency to see the road as a special category of soils in the modern soil science takes place. Urbanozem andindustriozem – the soils of residential areas and industrial zones, respectively. Their distinctive feature is a genetic soil horizon «urbik». It consists of compacted products of municipal and building human activity (urbanozem) and their manufacturing activity (industriozem). The soil of dumps and technozem: forming in waste (municipal and industrial). They are characterized by high toxicity, including the gas release such as NH3, H2S, CS2, CH4, methylated forms of mercury. Culturozem – soil of parks, botanical gardens, oases created by man. They are distinguished by powerful artificially created humus horizon and increased nutrient reserves. Reсreazem,replantozem and сonstruсtozem – soil created by man for the purpose of reclamation and improvement of the soil cover of the city (mainly in the gardens and park landscapes, on lawns, in the houses adjoining areas). Acephalozem – soil resulting from the construction activities, but without artificial material (dug, redeposited, piled up). Pyrogenic soils – formed as a result of thermal effects on the natural soil. Soil with destroyed mesofauna and microbial pool. Have an artificial horizon from the ashes. Rammed soil – formed by surface mechanical stress (transport wheels, soles of the feet). They have compacted structures, impaired (deterioration) in water-air regime. Agrozem – soil of farm land and plots. In the cities it is found mainly in the districts of individual buildings under the gardens. According to the degree of disturbance of the ecological functions of soil we have placed the studied soils in this order: ekranozem> industriozem> urbanozem > soil dumps and teсhnozem ≈constructozem > replantozem > recreazem > culturozem > acephalozem > agrozem > pyrogenic soil > rammed soil.

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32

Slattery, J. F., D. R. Coventry, and W. J. Slattery. "Rhizobial ecology as affected by the soil environment." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 3 (2001): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99159.

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In this paper we review the influence of various soil factors on the legume–Rhizobium symbiotic relationship. Abiotic factors such as extremes in soil pH (highly acidic or alkaline soils), salinity, tillage, high soil temperature and chemical residues, all of which can occur in crop and pasture systems in southern Australia, generally reduce populations of Rhizobium in the soil. Naturally occurring Rhizobium populations, although often found in high numbers, are generally poor in their ability to fix nitrogen and can compete strongly with introduced Rhizobium inoculant. The introduction of new legume genera as a continuing and essential part of change in farming systems usually requires the need to identify new and specific inoculant Rhizobium strains not found in the soil, but necessary for optimum nitrogen fixation. It is therefore necessary to characterise the specific requirements or limitations in the soil for establishing Rhizobium populations to ensure optimal nitrogen fixation following inoculation of legumes. The ability of the introduced Rhizobium to form effective nodules is rarely linked to a single soil attribute; therefore the study of rhizobial ecology requires an understanding of many soil and environmental factors. This paper reviews current knowledge of the influence of soil factors on rhizobial survival, the nodulation process, and nitrogen fixation by legumes.

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33

Spence, John R., Mary Allessio Leck, V. Thomas Parker, and Robert L. Simpson. "Ecology of Soil Seed Banks." Arctic and Alpine Research 23, no. 2 (May 1991): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551388.

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34

Schadt, Christopher W., and Aimée T. Classen. "Soil Microbiology, Ecology, and Biochemistry." Soil Science Society of America Journal 71, no. 4 (July 2007): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0017br.

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35

Dangi, Sadikshya R. "Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services." Soil Science Society of America Journal 78, no. 1 (January 2014): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.0005br.

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36

Dance, Amber. "Soil ecology: What lies beneath." Nature 455, no. 7214 (October 8, 2008): 724–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/455724a.

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37

Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Secondary Metabolites in Soil Ecology." Journal of Phytopathology 158, no. 3 (March 2010): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01592.x.

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38

Kladivko, Eileen J. "Tillage systems and soil ecology." Soil and Tillage Research 61, no. 1-2 (August 2001): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987(01)00179-9.

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39

Burtis, James C., Joseph B. Yavitt, Timothy J. Fahey, and Richard S. Ostfeld. "Ticks as Soil-Dwelling Arthropods: An Intersection Between Disease and Soil Ecology." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 6 (July 18, 2019): 1555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz116.

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Abstract Ticks are widespread vectors for many important medical and veterinary infections, and a better understanding of the factors that regulate their population dynamics is needed to reduce risk for humans, wildlife, and domestic animals. Most ticks, and all non-nidicolous tick species, spend only a small fraction of their lives associated with vertebrate hosts, with the remainder spent in or on soils and other substrates. Ecological studies of tick-borne disease dynamics have emphasized tick–host interactions, including host associations, burdens, and efficiencies of pathogen transmission, while under emphasizing tick biology during off-host periods. Our ability to predict spatiotemporal trends in tick-borne diseases requires more knowledge of soil ecosystems and their effect on host and tick populations. In this review, we focus on tick species of medical and veterinary concern and describe: 1) the relationships between soil factors and tick densities; 2) biotic and abiotic factors within the soil ecosystem that directly affect tick survival; 3) potential indirect effects on ticks mediated by soil ecosystem influences on their vertebrate hosts; 4) the potential for tick-mediated effects on vertebrate host populations to affect ecosystems; and 5) possible nontarget impacts of tick management on the soil ecosystem. Soils are complex ecosystem components with enormous potential to affect the survival and behavior of ticks during their off-host periods. Hence, tick-borne disease systems present an excellent opportunity for soil ecologists and public health researchers to collaborate and improve understanding of these medically important and ecologically complex disease cycles.

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40

Prosser, James I. "Exploring soil microbial communities: Opportunities for soil ecology research." Soil Ecology Letters 1, no. 1-2 (June 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42832-019-0001-2.

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41

Gorban, V. A. "Ecological soil physics as section of ecological soil science." Ecology and Noospherology 26, no. 3-4 (September 7, 2015): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031523.

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Nowadays, there is a general penetration of ecology in other related sciences. Soil science is not an exception. To the evidence of this, the works of soil scientists may serve, that have appeared recently. It is shown that the ecology of soil is a broader area of the genetic soil science, than ecological soil science. In addition to the doctrine of the ecological functions of soil, modern soil ecology also includes the factor ecology and the doctrine of biosphere soil conservation. In modern soil science there are 2 main areas – fundamental, which aims to study all the features of soil as a natural body, and applied that examines various aspects of soil use by man. At the same time it should be noted that most of soil scientists until recently isolated a genetic soil science in two main areas – the genesis and the geography of soils. Academician L. I. Prasolov (1978) was the first who proposed to allocate soil ecology in a separate section of soil science, along with the above directions. V. R. Volobuev (1963) hold on to the similar views. I. A. Sokolov (1993) showed that the section «Soil ecology» is equal to such sections of soil science as the «Genesis of the soil» and «Geography of the soil». N. A. Gorin (2005) hold on to the similar point of view. On this basis, we offer the following vision of the place of soil ecology in the structure of modern soil science. This scheme is based on the allocation of basic research in the areas of soil science by the team of authors under the leadership of the Moscow State University V. A. Kovda and B. G. Rozanov (Pochvovedenie, 1988). The classification of the historic area of soil science is identified with the genesis of soil by us, and pedography – with the geography of soil. The scientific achievements of other fundamental areas (pedognostika, dynamic soil science, regional soil science, history and methodology of science) are widely used to address key issues of historical soil science and pedography. The structure of the direction «Ecology of soil» is developed by academician G. V. Dobrovolsky and E. D. Nikitin (2012). This doctrine of the ecological functions of soil, classification by B. F. Aparin (2012) is a fundamental direction, the theoretical basis of ecological soil science, related to the applied directions. After L. O. Karpachevsky (2005), who considers the ecological functions of soil subject as ecological soil science, we identify the ecological soil science with the doctrine of the ecological functions of soil in some extent. This view is confirmed by the definition of ecological soil science, formulated G. V. Dobrovolsky and G. S. Kust (2012) – «This is a direction in modern soil science, studied the role of soil as a unique habitat of plants, animals, microorganisms, and especially – in human life, in the functioning of the biosphere and the individual ecosystems». From the above definition, it is clear that in this case, the authors believe that the core of ecological soil science is ecological functions of soil, which manifest themselves through their specific role in nature and human life. The subject of the study of ecological soil science, as indicated by L. O. Karpachevsky (2005), is the ecological functions of soil. Modern physics of soil – is the area of soil science that studies the physical properties of the soil and the place in which physical processes are flowing (Voronin, 1986). As you can see from the definition, the ecological functions of soil caused by the physical properties of soil, remain outside the field of soil physics research. For this reason, there is a need for the provision and the development of ecological soil physics, which is based on theoretical and practical achievements of classical physics of soil, and will also pay close attention to research the ecological functions of soil.

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42

Silveira, Érico Leandro da, Rodrigo Matheus Pereira, Denilson César Scaquitto, Eliamar Aparecida Nascimbém Pedrinho, Silvana Pómpeia Val-Moraes, Ester Wickert, Lúcia Maria Carareto-Alves, and Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos. "Bacterial diversity of soil under eucalyptus assessed by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 41, no. 10 (October 2006): 1507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2006001000008.

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Studies on the impact of Eucalyptus spp. on Brazilian soils have focused on soil chemical properties and isolating interesting microbial organisms. Few studies have focused on microbial diversity and ecology in Brazil due to limited coverage of traditional cultivation and isolation methods. Molecular microbial ecology methods based on PCR amplified 16S rDNA have enriched the knowledge of soils microbial biodiversity. The objective of this work was to compare and estimate the bacterial diversity of sympatric communities within soils from two areas, a native forest (NFA) and an eucalyptus arboretum (EAA). PCR primers, whose target soil metagenomic 16S rDNA were used to amplify soil DNA, were cloned using pGEM-T and sequenced to determine bacterial diversity. From the NFA soil 134 clones were analyzed, while 116 clones were analyzed from the EAA soil samples. The sequences were compared with those online at the GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses revealed differences between the soil types and high diversity in both communities. Soil from the Eucalyptus spp. arboretum was found to have a greater bacterial diversity than the soil investigated from the native forest area.

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43

Kashulina, Galina M. "Overview of recent soil investigations in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute." Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, no. 6-2021 (December 31, 2021): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.6.12.9.037.

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Анотація:

In the last two decades, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden carried out soil studies on the Kola Peninsula and Svalbard in several directions: soil genetics and morphology of natural and damaged soils, complex landscape monitoring of the environment, complex biogeochemical environmental studies, soil ecology, and fertility of manmade soils in botanical garden.

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Paganová, V. "Ecology and distribution of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz. in Slovakia." Horticultural Science 34, No. 4 (January 7, 2008): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1896-hortsci.

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Wild service tree belongs among rare woody plants tolerant to higher temperatures and low soil humidity. There are available data from analyses of 34 wild service tree localities in Slovakia. The majority of analyzed localities (70%) were on south-exposed stands (SE, S, SW); 97% of these were in altitudes up to 600 m. Wild service tree prefers biotopes of the oak-hornbeam forests. The highest frequency of this woody plant was found in group of forest site types Fageto-Quercetum. According to altitudinal vegetation stages, the majority of stands (85%) were in the 3rd and 2nd vegetation stage, where potential evapotranspiration is higher than the sum of precipitation. From March to September the water deficit is approximately 100–150 mm. The most frequent are stands with mountain climate (62%) with prevalence of moderately warm (38%) and warm (15%) climate. Wild service tree grows mainly on soils with favourable physical characteristics and adsorbing complex (65% of stands). The soils are fertile and well supplied with nutrients (Luvisols, Cambisols). Some localities (35%) have soils rich in minerals; however, their soil chemistry is one-sided, so they are mostly little fertile (Rendzinas). Regarding the water content in soils, Cambisols have generally sufficient water supply; Luvisols have lower water supply with a possibility of their aridization; Rendzinas are mostly loose soils with good permeability, regarding their shallow profile with lower water capacity they have usually less water supply. According to the obtained data, it is possible to evaluate wild service tree as a light-demanding woody plant with requirements for higher temperatures and higher contents of nutrients in soil, able to grow on drier soils with infrequent occurrence of water deficit. With regard to the expected changes of global climate, wild service tree should substitute some tender woody plants with higher sensitivity to drought in landscape as well as in forestry.

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45

Nahirniak, S. V., T. A. Dontsova, A. V. Lapinsky, M. V. Tereshkov, and R. C. Singh. "Soil and soil breathing remote monitoring: A short review." Biosystems Diversity 28, no. 4 (November 14, 2020): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012044.

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The efficiency of agricultural use of soils depends directly on their quality indicators, which include an extended set of characteristics: from data of the environmental situation to the component composition of the soil air. Therefore, for a more complete survey of agricultural land in order to determine their qualitative indicators and subsequent application, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive monitoring while simultaneously studying the characteristics of soils and their air composition. The article is devoted to the literature analysis on the remote monitoring of soils and soil air. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between soil type and soil air composition and it was found that the soil air composition (in the combination with pH and humidity parameters) can assess the type, quality and environmental condition of soils. Since when developing a remote monitoring system of soil air soil moisture and soil structure significantly affect the processes occurring in soils, and ultimately the quantitative composition of soil air, it is very important to know the dependence of the soil air composition on the type and quality of the soil itself, the influence of moisture, structure and other parameters on it. It was shown that the use of sensors is a promising direction for the development of the soils and soil air remote monitoring. It was indicated that soil and soil air remote monitoring in real time will provide reliable, timely information on the environmental status of soils and their quality. Commercial sensors that can be used to determine CO2, O2, NOx, CH4, CO, H2 and NH3 were considered and the technique for sensor signal processing was chosen. A remote monitoring system with the use of existing commercial sensors was proposed, the movement of which can be realized with the help of quadcopter, which will allow parallel scanning of the soils and the land terrain. Such a system will make it possible to correctly assess the readiness of soils for planting, determine their intended use, correctly apply fertilizers, and even predict the yield of certain crops. Thereby, this approach will create a modern on-line system for full monitoring of soil, land and rapid response in the case of its change for the agro-industrial sector.

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46

Chamurliev, O. G., I. B. Borisenko, A. V. Zelenev, G. O. Chamurliev, T. V. Konstantinova, and L. A. Feofilova. "Improving soil ecology when applying bacterial fertilizers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 965, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/965/1/012002.

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Abstract Increasing the yield of spring barley on light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region is possible through the use of microbiological fertilizers that activate the processes of plant growth and development. The influence of the methods of basic tillage and the application of mineral and bacterial fertilizers “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” on the content of nitrogen in the soil was studied. The degree of decomposition of the linen cloths was the maximum for deep flat-cutting processing. According to the binary interaction, the best results were obtained on the variant with deep flat-cutting processing with double application of bacterial fertilizers. The introduction of bacterial fertilizers sharply increases the content of azotobacter, and especially when they are applied twice. The lowest toxicity of the soil in barley crops compared to the control was noted on the variant with deep flat-cutting treatment, and the maximum on the variant of dump treatment. The analysis of data on the structure of the crop also indicates the advantage of the variant of deep flat-cutting tillage with double application of microbiological fertilizers. The most cost-effective variants were with double application of bacterial fertilizers on the background of deep flat-cutting tillage.

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47

Ma, Weiming, Li Ma, Jintang Jiao, Abbas Muhammad Fahim, Junyan Wu, Xiaolei Tao, Yintao Lian, et al. "Impact of Straw Incorporation on the Physicochemical Profile and Fungal Ecology of Saline–Alkaline Soil." Microorganisms 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2024): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020277.

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Improving the soil structure and fertility of saline–alkali land is a major issue in establishing a sustainable agro-ecosystem. To explore the potential of different straw returning in improving saline–alkaline land, we utilized native saline–alkaline soil (SCK), wheat straw-returned saline–alkaline soil (SXM) and rapeseed straw-returned saline–alkaline soil (SYC) as our research objects. Soil physicochemical properties, fungal community structure and diversity of saline–alkaline soils were investigated in different treatments at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm soil depths. The results showed that SXM and SYC reduced soil pH and total salinity but increased soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium, etc., and the enhancement effect of SYC was more significant. The total salinity of the 0–10 cm SCK soil layer was much higher than that of the 10–30 cm soil layers. Fungal diversity and abundance were similar in different soil layers in the same treatment. SXM and SYC soil had higher fungal diversity and abundance than SCK. At the genus level, Plectosphaerella, Mortierella and Ascomycota were the dominant groups of fungal communities in SXM and SYC. The fungal diversity and abundance in SXM and SYC soils were higher than in SCK soils. Correlation network analysis of fungal communities with environmental factors showed that organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors for the structural composition of fungal communities of Mortierella, Typhula, Wickerhamomyces, Trichosporon and Candida. In summary, straw returning to the field played an effective role in improving saline–alkaline land, improving soil fertility, affecting the structure and diversity of the fungal community and changing the interactions between microorganisms.

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48

Chu, Haiyan, and Yunfeng Yang. "Special Issue on Soil Microbial Ecology." Soil Ecology Letters 3, no. 4 (December 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42832-021-0127-x.

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49

Sessitsch, A., E. Hackl, P. Wenzl, A. Kilian, T. Kostic, N. Stralis-Pavese, B. Tankouo Sandjong, and L. Bodrossy. "Diagnostic microbial microarrays in soil ecology." New Phytologist 171, no. 4 (September 2006): 719–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01824.x.

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50

Causarano, Hector. "Fundamentals of Soil Ecology. 2nd ed." Vadose Zone Journal 4, no. 2 (May 2005): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0014br.

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