Статті в журналах: "Soil conservation"

1

Potter, Clive. "Beyond Soil Conservation." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 38, no. 7 (September 1996): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1996.9930984.

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2

Pattanayak, Subhrendu K., and D. Evan Mercer. "Indexing Soil Conservation." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 15, no. 2 (May 21, 2002): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v15n02_03.

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3

Castellini, Mirko, Mariangela Diacono, Concetta Eliana Gattullo, and Anna Maria Stellacci. "Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 4146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094146.

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Soil degradation is one of the most topical environmental threats. A number of processes causing soil degradation, specifically erosion, compaction, salinization, pollution, and loss of both organic matter and soil biodiversity, are also strictly connected to agricultural activity and its intensification. The development and adoption of sustainable agronomic practices able to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. This Special Issue collects 12 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and soil conservation. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including organic agriculture, soil amendment and soil organic carbon (SOC) management, the impact of SOC on soil water repellency, the effects of soil tillage on the quantity of SOC associated with several fractions of soil particles and depth, and SOC prediction, using visible and near-infrared spectra and multivariate modeling. Moreover, the effects of some soil contaminants (e.g., crude oil, tungsten, copper, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are discussed or reviewed in light of the recent literature. The collection of the manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides a relevant knowledge contribution for improving our understanding on sustainable agriculture and soil conservation, thus stimulating new views on this main topic.

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4

Guo, Zhongsheng. "New Theory of Soil and Water Conservation Conservation." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 1, no. 4 (August 2020): 064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jels1122.

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Water and soil loss affects the carbon and nitrogen cycles of terrestrial ecosystems, forest vegetation ecosystem products and services, and ultimately the quality of life and sustainable development of the public. China has the most serious soil erosion in the world, notably on the Loess Plateau. After years of efforts, soil and water conservation in China has developed rapidly, the surface runoff and soil loss in soil and water loss areas have decreased rapidly, and people’s living standards have gradually improved. With these improved living standards, people have higher requirements for soil and water conservation. However, soil and water conservation lacks scientifi c theoretical guidance. In this paper, through comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, a new theory of soil and water conservation is proposed. The results shows that soil and water losses refer to the process of transferring soil and water resources from one place to another, and the consequences of these losses can be divided into positive and negative effects. Soil and water conservation is not only the use of some methods or measures to reduce soil erosion to soil allowable loss requirements, but also to make efficient use of soil and water resources. The construction standard of soil and water conservation measures must be based on the allowable amount of soil erosion and be applied using spatially optimal allocation, and the work of soil and water conservation should ensure regional ecological security and realize the sustainable development of soil and water conservation.

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5

Simmons, S. R. "Soil conservation, stubble over the soil." Field Crops Research 55, no. 3 (February 1998): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4290(97)00085-3.

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6

Di Prima, Simone, Mirko Castellini, Mario Pirastru, and Saskia Keesstra. "Soil Water Conservation: Dynamics and Impact." Water 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070952.

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Human needs like food and clean water are directly related to good maintenance of healthy and productive soils. A good understanding of human impact on the natural environment is therefore necessary to preserve and manage soil and water resources. This knowledge is particularly important in semi-arid and arid regions, where the increasing demands on limited water supplies require urgent efforts to improve water quality and water use efficiency. It is important to keep in mind that both soil and water are limited resources. Thus, wise use of these natural resources is a fundamental prerequisite for the sustainability of human societies. This Special Issue collects 15 original contributions addressing the state of the art of soil and water conservation research. Contributions cover a wide range of topics, including (1) recovery of soil hydraulic properties; (2) erosion risk; (3) novel modeling, monitoring and experimental approaches for soil hydraulic characterization; (4) improvement of crop yields; (5) water availability; and (6) soil salinity. The collection of manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides more insights into conservation strategies for effective and sustainable soil and water management.

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7

Deragon, Raphaël, Anne-Sophie Julien, Jacynthe Dessureault-Rompré, and Jean Caron. "Using cultivated organic soil depth to form soil conservation management zones." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 102, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2021-0148.

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Cultivated Organic soils in Montreal's southwest plain are the most productive soils in the province of Quebec. After their initial drainage to enable farming, Organic soils are susceptible to many forms of degradation and soil loss. In this study, we characterized the physical, chemical, and pedological properties of 114 sites from five peatlands to form soil conservation management zones. We attempted to use the maximum peat thickness (MPT) as a soil degradation proxy. The MPT can be defined as the thickness of the layer of peat until coprogenous or mineral materials are reached. The latter are undesired growing media and are not considered in MPT calculation. A series of multivariate analysis of variance indicated that MPT was moderately related to soil degradation (optimal model's Pillai's trace = 0.495). Three soil degradation groups were defined, separated by two MPT thresholds: 60 and 100 cm. When looking at 17 different depth-property combinations, shallower sites (MPT < 60 cm) showed signs of soil degradation significantly higher than sites with an MPT above 60 cm. The second threshold was proposed for practical purposes. Then, these thresholds were used to separate the study area into spatially distinct management zones. Important spatial contrasts were found. This supports the theory that precision agriculture techniques are needed to target fields to optimize soil conservation interventions. The relationship between the MPT and soil degradation should be further explored to account for other degradation factors, and to better identify degraded soils and soils at risk.

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8

Ahuchaogu, Israel, Precious Ehiomogue, and Unwana Udoumoh. "Effects of soil and water conservation measures on the environment: A review." Poljoprivredna tehnika 47, no. 3 (2022): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2203042a.

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The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of the environment. Soil degradation was a significant global issues during the 20th century and remains of high importance in the 21 st century as it affect the environment, agronomic production, food security, and quality of life. This review provides an extensive review information on soil conservation strategies or methods and their applications. Based on this, the most promising soil conservation technologies are identified to improve the management and conservation of soil resources. This review also aims to provide general characteristics of soil and water loss, explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable development, and to provide relevant methods for soil and water conservation. The result of this review shows that measures focused on soil and water conservation by ridging, constructing earth bunds and terraces, mulching, multiple cropping, fallowing, and tree planting. Mulching, crop management, and conservation tillage are appropriate technologies for conserving sandy soils of high erosivity and low water holding capacity. Leguminous cover crops and residue management reduce the impact of rain. These measures also reported to enhance the levels of soil organic matter and nutrients, especially nitrogen, which is generally limited in tropical soils. Intercropping of compatible species is recorded as a promising cropping system, as cultures with different rooting patterns and growth cycles can promote nutrient recycling and suppress weeds.

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9

Robinson, D., and R. P. C. Morgan. "Soil Erosion and Conservation." Geographical Journal 162, no. 2 (July 1996): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059905.

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10

Van Es, H. M. "Soil Conservation for Survival." Journal of Environmental Quality 22, no. 4 (October 1993): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040039x.

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11

Robinson, David, T. Kebede, H. Hurni, and S. Arsyad. "Soil Conservation for Survival." Geographical Journal 159, no. 3 (November 1993): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3451284.

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12

Grove, A. T., and R. P. C. Morgan. "Soil Erosion and Conservation." Geographical Journal 154, no. 1 (March 1988): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633494.

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13

Morgan, R. P. C. "Soil Erosion and Conservation." Soil Science 145, no. 6 (June 1988): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198806000-00011.

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14

van Oosten, Ary M., and Ellen J. Cahill. "Towards integrated soil conservation." Land Use Policy 3, no. 2 (April 1986): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(86)90050-5.

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15

De Bakker, H. "Soil Erosion and Conservation." Geoderma 39, no. 1 (November 1986): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(86)90064-9.

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16

Hingston, F. J. "Agroforestry for Soil Conservation." Geoderma 55, no. 3-4 (November 1992): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(92)90090-t.

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17

Shakesby, RA. "Soil erosion and conservation." Applied Geography 16, no. 3 (July 1996): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(96)83715-5.

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18

Dury, S. J. "Agroforestry for soil conservation." Agricultural Systems 35, no. 4 (January 1991): 472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(91)90121-p.

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19

Schwendiman, John L., S. A. El-swaify, W. C. Moldenhauer, and Andrew Lo. "Soil Erosion and Conservation." Journal of Range Management 39, no. 2 (March 1986): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3899297.

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20

DEMEESTER, T. "Soil erosion and conservation." Earth-Science Reviews 24, no. 1 (March 1987): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(87)90053-5.

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21

Young, Anthony. "Soil productivity, soil conservation and land evaluation." Agroforestry Systems 5, no. 3 (1987): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00119126.

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22

Fullen, Michael A. "Soil erosion and conservation in northern Europe." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 27, no. 3 (September 2003): 331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133303pp385ra.

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Анотація:

Soil conservation policies are suggested at national, regional and local levels, including adoption and modification of several Australian, European and North American policies. The Australian Landcare system and programmes of the US Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) are particularly informative. Several European initiatives are promising models, including the strategies of the Danish Land Development Service (Hedeselskabet) and the Icelandic Soil Conservation Service (Landsgraedsla Rikisins). The Erosienormeringsprojekt of South Limburg (The Netherlands) is a coordinated and integrated soil conservation project and seems a particularly useful model for future soil conservation in northern Europe. Several best management practices for soil conservation are identified. These include the promotion of soil conservation by a properly funded and relatively well known soil conservation service and full mapping, monitoring and costing of erosion risk by national soil survey organizations. A participatory approach to soil conservation should be adopted, involving farmers and interested members of the public, and there should be a ‘cost share’ partnership between government and farmers in funding conservation work on farms. Rational land-use policies need to be developed, such as the promotion of ‘set-aside’ on erodible soils, grass strips on arable slopes and buffer strips in riparian zones. Education programmes are necessary to actively inform the public on the importance of soil as a resource. These schemes should particularly encourage ‘land literacy’ among participants. It is imperative that the broader societal benefits of effective soil conservation are recognized, such as its potential contribution to habitat creation, biodiversity and carbon sequestration.

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23

Munn, D. A. "Introducing soil conservation in the introductory soils course." Journal of Agronomic Education 14, no. 1 (March 1985): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jae1985.0016.

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24

Umair, Adnan, Tariq Mehmood, Waqas Naseem, Sultan Ahmad Rivzi, Safia Naureen Malik, and Muhammed Rafique Sajjad. "Evaluation of Soil Conservation Structures in Sloppy Lands of Sohawa Area for Soil Moisture and Fertility Conservation." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i4.567-575.2049.

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Pothohar region of the Punjab, Pakistan is rain-fed with undulating topography. Soils of the area are predominantly loose with low water retention capacity and are vulnerable to erosion. Erratic and high intensity rainfall causes land erosion in the area producing gullies and gorges. Therefore, agriculture in the area faces twin menace of soil erosion and moisture stress. On-farm water control structures are among the important measures to control soil erosion and conserve moisture to enhance agriculture productivity. Present study was designed to evaluate the impact of these structures on soil moisture conservation and physio-chemical characteristics of soil in wheat growing fields. Wheat was sown in the fields, with and without structures during 2009 to 2013. It has been found that construction cost of such structures is about one-fourth that of conventionally used structures in the area whereas reduction in soil erosion has been observed up to 10% with 21% soil moisture conservation as compared to control. Soil fertility level improved significantly as a result of reduced run off and nutrient loss. A substantial improvement in wheat yield up to 15% due to increased fertility and moisture content was also recorded. These structures facilitated a safe disposal of surplus rain water which minimized the gully development, improved the soil structure, checked fertility loss and improved soil moisture retention.

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25

Masitoh, F., D. Taryana, A. A. Wijaya, S. A. Arysandi, and A. N. Rusydi. "Promoting Bamboo as Water Resources Conservation Plant in Jedong Community." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1039, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1039/1/012059.

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Abstract Bamboo has been widely used for water resource conservation. The benefits of bamboo as a water resource conservation plant are not well known by the public. This paper discussed the process of promoting bamboo as a conservation plant for the people of Jedong, Wagir Subdistrict, Malang Regency. They used water from Sumber-Wangkal and Sumber-Cokro Springs to fullfil their water needs. The methods applied in this research are soil surveying and causal loop diagrams model. The soil surveying and causal loop diagrams model were done to get the spring’s soil conditions and to find out the water resources conservations efforts by Jedong people in both springs, respectively. The soil samples analysis showed that the soil in both areas is suitable for bamboo plants. The causal loop diagrams (Jedong Water Resources Conservation) model showed that the village-owned water management (Pengelola Air Minum Desa/PAMDes), as the organizational system on water reseources management will be able to promote the bamboo plants for conservation. Promoting bamboo plants to the Jedong community is very important to support the water resources sustainability in Jedong.

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26

Curran, Michael P., Douglas G. Maynard, Ronald L. Heninger, Thomas A. Terry, Steven W. Howes, Douglas M. Stone, Thomas Niemann, Richard E. Miller, and Robert F. Powers. "An adaptive management process for forest soil conservation." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81717-5.

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Soil disturbance guidelines should be based on comparable disturbance categories adapted to specific local soil conditions, validated by monitoring and research. Guidelines, standards, and practices should be continually improved based on an adaptive management process, which is presented in this paper. Core components of this process include: reliable monitoring protocols for assessing and comparing soil disturbance for operations, certification and sustainability protocols; effective methods to predict the vulnerability of specific soils to disturbance and related mitigative measures; and, quantitative research to build a database that documents the practical consequences of soil disturbance for tree growth and soil functions. Key words: soil disturbance; soil compaction; rutting; monitoring (implementation, effectiveness, and validation); criteria and indicators; Montreal Process

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27

Chan, K. Y., D. P. Heenan, and H. B. So. "Sequestration of carbon and changes in soil quality under conservation tillage on light-textured soils in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 4 (2003): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02077.

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Light-textured soils (<35% clay) make up more than 80%, by area, of cropping soils in Australia. Many have inherent soil physical problems, e.g. hardsetting, sodicity and low organic carbon levels. Maintenance and improvement of soil organic carbon levels are crucial to preserving the soil structure and physical fertility of these soils.A review of field trials on conservation tillage (3–19 years duration) on these soils in southern Australia revealed that significantly higher soil organic carbon levels compared with conventional tillage were found only in the wetter areas (>500 mm) and the differences were restricted to the top 2.5–10.0 cm. The average magnitude of the difference was lower than that reported in the USA. The lack of a positive response to conservation tillage is probably a reflection of a number of factors, namely low crop yield (due to low rainfall), partial removal of stubble by grazing and the high decomposition rate (due to the high temperature). There is evidence suggesting that under continuous cropping in the drier areas, the soil organic carbon level continues to decline, even under conservation tillage.Better soil structure and soil physical properties, namely macro-porosity, aggregate stability and higher infiltration have been reported under conservation tillage when compared with conventional tillage. However, little information on long-term changes of these properties under conservation tillage is available. As many of these soil qualities are associated directly or indirectly with soil organic carbon levels, the lack of significant increase in the latter suggests that many of these improvements may not be sustainable in the longer term, particularly in the drier areas. Continuous monitoring of long-term changes in the soil organic carbon and soil quality under conservation tillage in different agro-ecological zones is needed.

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28

Misebo, Amisalu Milkias. "The Role of Agronomic Practices on Soil and Water Conservation in Ethiopia; Implication for Climate Change Adaptation: A Review." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 6 (May 6, 2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n6p227.

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Now, soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, and land degradation due to climate change has been pushing to search for more sustainable systems. Soil and water conservation practice contribute high in the long term agricultural sustainability and sustainable agricultural farming. The objective of this paper is to review the major agronomic practices and their role in soil and water conservation. The review revealed that the major agronomic soil and water conservations practices in Ethiopia are strip cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping, fallowing, mulching, contour ploughing, crop rotation, conservation tillage and agroforestry. The plant canopies, litter and mulching intercept rain by decreasing the amount, intensity and the spatial distribution of the precipitation reaching the soil surface and this protects the soil surface from the direct impact of raindrops which can cause a splash and sheet erosion. In soil and water conservation, this practice is higher than others, because crops and leguminous woody perennials improve and enrich soil conditions by atmospheric nitrogen fixation, an addition of organic matter through litterfall and dead and decaying roots, nutrient cycling, modification of soil porosity and contribution to infiltration rates. It also alleviates and maintains salinity, alkalinity, acidity and waterlogging problems. Hence, the use agronomic practices for soil and water conservation is vital for climate change adaptation and mitigation because it can give both productive role (producing food, fodder, fuel, wood) and protective role (soil conserving functions, windbreaks and shelterbelts).

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29

Jan, Koukolíček, Herout Marcel, Pulkrábek Josef, and Pazderů Kateřina. "Influence of soil conservation practices on legume crops growth." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 12 (November 30, 2018): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/549/2018-pse.

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In a three-year experiment, three types of soil conservation techniques were tested in the legumes cultivation systems. Our treatment types were no-till, standard tillage to the depth of 8 cm and deep tillage to 20 cm. The study evaluated winter pea (cv. Enduro), spring pea (cv. Eso), white lupine (cv. Amiga), narrow-leaved lupine (cv. Boregine) and soybean (cv. Merlin) in two autumn terms (winter pea only) and in spring term (all legume species). In no-till technology, the average yield of all legumes was 2.24 t/ha. For standard tillage (2.58 t/ha) and deep tillage (2.62 t/ha), yields were significantly higher than in no-till technology. From the monitored parameters, deep tillage appeared as the best soil treatment. Although the yield was similar to standard tillage, the soil was less stiffened, resulting in a higher content of nitrogen in the seed and a better use of the pre-crop value of the legumes. In the experiment, winter pea spring sowing term (2.93 t/ha) was better than both autumn sowings (2.68 t/ha and 2.65 t/ha).

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Dumbrovský, M., and S. Korsuň. "Optimisation of soil conservation systems within integrated territorial protection." Soil and Water Research 4, No. 2 (June 16, 2009): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2008-swr.

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The objective of this contribution is to provide information on a generally applicable optimisation procedure intended for designing a system of terraces and retention reservoirs within integrated territory protection from the harmful effects of soil erosion. The formulated procedure is a universal tool which can be used for any territory. An optimisation mathematical model was used to find the most suitable combination of various elaborated pre-optimisation variants of the soil conservation and flood prevention measures under the given conditions of each particular habitat. This model was created on the basis of a mixed discrete programming. The model compilation and its analysis on a high performance computer was performed using the model and calculation system GAMS. The model solution was controlled by one or more simultaneously operating optimisation criteria. A system of terraces as an important part of the soil erosion and flood control was chosen to verify the possibilities of the described optimisation procedure utilisation. The system was proposed within the land consolidation in the case study areas of Hustopeče and Starovice cadastral areas. First, the model function and performance were verified. Then the possibilities of experimentation on the model of the solved system of complex conservation measures were tested. The main results of the real and some experimental solutions are summarised. The results of practical applications of the integrated territory protection model validate its functionality and universal applicability.

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Hadaro, Mulugeta, Tuma Ayele, Sharma Parshotam Datt, and Rahel Teshome. "Soil Properties as Affected by Soil Conservation Practices and Soil Depths in Uwite Watershed, Hadero Tunto District, Southern Ethiopia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5542326.

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Soil is a precious natural resource, forming the basis for sustained ecosystem services for the mankind. Its degradation due to the ever-increasing anthropogenic influence is, however, threatening food security and quality of the environment in many regions. The present investigation was, therefore, undertaken with an objective of assessing the effect of soil and water conservation practices of soil bund and Fanya juu terrace compared to no conservation practice on cultivated soils of Uwite watershed in Hadero Tunto District, southern Ethiopia. Soil sampling sites were selected both from the farm fields, where soil conservation structures were raised for the last 10 years, and from fields where there was no conservation practice. A total of eighteen composite soil samples (3 conservation practices × 2 depths, 0–15 and 15–30 cm, ×3 replicates) were collected and analyzed for different physical and chemical soil parameters. The results were subjected to analysis of variance using the General Linear Model of two-way ANOVA by RCBD with factorial arrangement using SAS software. Both practices, statistically similar to each other, indicated significant improvement in soil parameters compared to no conservation practice in higher content of clay, lower bulk density, higher total porosity, higher moisture content, higher pH, higher soil organic matter, higher percent base saturation, higher cation exchange capacity, and higher amounts of macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, and Cu). The surface soil layer (0–15 cm) was significantly superior to the subsurface layer (15–30 cm) in most of these soil parameters. Both practices of soil bund and Fanya juu terrace merit their continuation on the existing lands and upscaling to other degraded areas for sustained land productivity and socioeconomic-environmental stability in the region

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Taha ATD AlJawwadi, Sabah H Ali, Alaa N Hamdoon, and Ayman T Al-Sa'aygh. "The effect of preservative agriculture technology on some spectral and physical properties of the soil according to the years of application in the Telkif Region." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 1619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.2630.

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Conservation agriculture is one of the innovative techniques that has proven to be successful in terms of decreasing effort, time, and expenses. The current study used two key criteria to prove some relevant findings for Conservation agriculture in order to test the results of its success, they are the bulk density (which measures soil compaction, de-oxidation and a lack of ventilation) as well as the percentage of soil organic matter. Four regions have been selected for different periods of adoption of conservation agriculture (2, 5, 10) years and other area is a unplowed fallow soil for comparison. The results revealed a great superiority for all conservative agriculture regions in terms of organic matter percentage and soil compaction. Also, the results also indicated that the spectral signatures of the areas that have been used for long-term the conservation agriculture are less than those of fallow soil due the effect of organic matter. This is an encouragement to use this technique of agriculture, where the soil surface appears to be unaffected by the agricultural machines.

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Hawkins, G. L., J. Kelton, N. Smith, and K. Balkcom. "A Note on Comparing Rate of Soil Moisture Loss for Conventional and Conservation Tillage Production methods for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)." Peanut Science 43, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps16-4.1.

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ABSTRACT Soil moisture retention is important for peanut production as well as water conservation in irrigated and non-irrigated fields. One way to increase soil moisture retention of the soil is by increasing soil organic matter. Research was conducted to determine if there is a difference in the rate of soil moisture loss in a field operated under a conservation production system (CPS) method and a conventionally tilled (CT) method, and if there was a time difference between needed wetting events. Experiments were conducted on two different fields with Tifton sandy loam soil. Soil moisture was monitored with Watermark sensors installed at 10, 20 and 30 cm depths. Data was analyzed to determine the rate of soil moisture loss when the soil was wet (below 50 kPa) and dry (above 80 kPa). The rate of soil moisture loss was not significant between CPS and CT when the soil was wet; however, there was a difference in the soil moisture loss rate when soils were dry. When dry, the CT soils lost moisture at a rate 2.5 times that of the CPS soils. This increased rate of loss indicates that water would need to be supplied to the CT soils every 1.5 d whereas the CPS soils would need water every 3.9 d. These results indicate that use of CPS increased the water holding capacity of soil, increased time required between wetting events, and can aid in the conservation of water resources in peanut production.

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34

Arya, Vivak M. "Impact of Resource Conservation Techniques on Soil Properties in Sub Montane North Western Himalayas." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 17 (July 7, 2023): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i173234.

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The present study highlights the impact of resource conservation techniques on soil properties in sub montane north western Himalayas. The continued maintenance of fertile soil is essential in order to meet basic human needs. The topography of the region ranging from gently sloping to moderately-steep sloping retards the vertical development of soils. The study was conducted in the Merth village of state J&K. The experiment was laid out to compare the impact of resource conservation techniques on the runoff and sediment yield in two different catchment areas (one with sandy loam texture and other with clay loam texture) in monsoon season. The slope of the catchment areas varies from 3-6%. The increase in available nitrogen in sandy and clay loam can be attributed because of the increase in root biomass under resource conservation techniques. Addition of root biomass and litter fall in cover crop indirectly through the process of mineralization increases the availability of available nitrogen. The soils of submontane Shivaliks are under tremendous stress because of high soil erosivity and poor soil management practices. The study strongly recommends adoption of resource conservation techniques for reducing soil erosion & water conservation in submontane Shivaliks.

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35

Hong, Jinseok, Sabine Grunwald, and Gustavo M. Vasques. "Soil Phosphorus Landscape Models for Precision Soil Conservation." Journal of Environmental Quality 44, no. 3 (May 2015): 739–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2014.09.0379.

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36

Reybold, William U. "Soil Conservation Service's National Soil Survey Staff Meets." Soil Horizons 26, no. 4 (1985): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh1985.4.0034.

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37

Sherer, D. V., and N. N. Chumanova. "Soil Tillage as a Factor of Soil Conservation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 66 (May 2017): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/66/1/012033.

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38

BYTYQI, Valbon, and Tropike AGAJ. "SPATIAL ESTIMATION OF SOIL EROSION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE – A CASE STUDY OF JANJEVA RIVER CATCHMENT (KOSOVO)." Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 19, no. 2 (March 25, 2024): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2024/019/294.

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The aim of the study is to analyse the spatial estimation of soil erosion in a small size river catchment of Janjeva (Kosovo). Soil erosion is becoming a serious threat and its spatial estimation is crucial for soil resource protection and management. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) methodology integrated with GIS techniques was applied to estimate the annual erosion rate. Different datasets including open-source data were used to find main components of soil erosion. The results show different soil erosion classes depending on lithological settings, landforms, climate conditions, soil properties, land cover and soil conservation practices. By calculating RUSLE parameters for Janjeva River catchment (84 km²), we found out that mean annual erosion rate is 1 t·ha-¹·yr-¹. Erosion rate class <5 t·ha-¹·yr-¹ dominates the catchment’s area with 92.5%, while other classes have 7.5% of catchments total area. Highest rates of soil erosion are found in volcanic rocks, steep slopes and soils without conservation practices. Soils located in western part of the catchment with adequate conservation practice have minimum erosion rate.

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39

Yuan, Jianyu, Mahran Sadiq, Nasir Rahim, Majid Mahmood Tahir, Yunliang Liang, Macao Zhuo, Lijuan Yan, Aqila Shaheen, Basharat Mahmood, and Guang Li. "Changes in Soil Properties and Crop Yield under Sustainable Conservation Tillage Systems in Spring Wheat Agroecosystems." Land 12, no. 6 (June 19, 2023): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12061253.

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The cultivated soils in several semi-arid areas have very low organic matter due to climatic constraints that limit primary crop yield. Conservation tillage systems, outlined here as no tillage, no tillage with straw return and straw incorporation into the field, have been accepted as capable systems that preserve soil’s resources and sustain soil productivity. However, in semi-arid climates, there is presently no knowledge about the influence of different conservation tillage techniques on soil’s physical, chemical and biological properties at different soil depths in spring wheat fields and only little information about spring wheat yield in these management systems. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective of examining the impact of conservation tillage systems on soil properties (physical, chemical and biological) and spring wheat yield. The three conservation tillage treatments consisted of no tillage system (NT), wheat stubble return with no tillage (NTS) and straw incorporation with conventional tillage (CTS), as well as one conventional tillage (CT) control treatment, which were evaluated under randomized complete block design with three replications. The three conservation tillage treatments were compared with the conventional tillage control. Conservation tillage significantly increased the bulk density, gravimetric water content, water storage, hydraulic conductivity and soil aggregates and decreased the pore space and soil temperature compared to CT; however, no significant difference was found in the case of field capacity. Soil chemical properties in the 0–40 cm soil layer increased with conservation tillage compared to CT. Conservation tillage also notably increased the soil microbial counts, urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase, cellulase and catalase activities relative to CT. Microbial biomasses (carbon and nitrogen) and wheat yield significantly elevated under conservation tillage compared to CT. Therefore, conservation tillage could significantly improve soil properties and maintain wheat yield for the research zone.

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40

Iyilade, Abigail Oluwatunmise, Oluwasegun Ayodeji Alalade, Morenike Peju Longe, Agnes Olubunmi Alokan, and Blessing Akinola-soji. "Factors influencing adoption of sustainable soil and water conservation practices among smallholder farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.12.

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The study examined the factors influencing the adoption of soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) among smallholder farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 210 farmers. Farmers were surveyed for their adoption of eleven (11) SWCPs, and risk factors and costs of production. Poisson regression model was employed to estimate soil and water conservation practices adoption. Sex, access to credit, land acquisition, technical support, ownership of livestock, distance to input/market, marital status and formal trainings had a significant relationship with the number of soil and water conservation practices adopted by smallholder farmers (P ≤0.01). Some personal and demographic factors, institutional factors, as well as socio-economic factors have a significant relationship with soils and water conservation practices adopted by farmers. Agricultural policies should be geared towards helping smallholder farmers have access to extension service for frequent dissemination of agricultural technology as this will increase the rate of adoption of soil and water conservation practices. Keywords: Adoption, Soil and water conservation techniques; smallholder farmers, Kwara State

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41

Lestari, Nurul Silva, Eka Susanti, Anton Eko Satrio, Galih Kartikasari, Androw Mikhov Sion, Nori Hariyen, and Sugianur. "Unlocking soil carbon stock potential in conservation areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1275, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1275/1/012005.

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Abstract Indonesia’s nationally determined contributions (NDC) outline ambitious emission reduction targets, with the forestry and other land use (FOLU) sector expected to play a significant role in achieving these goals. This study estimates soil carbon stock in conservation areas covering mineral and peat soils. A total of 72 sample plots in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (NP), Kutai NP, and Sebangau NP were established for soil sample collections. This study found that the highest organic content in mineral soil is at 0-5 cm depth, accounting for 3.54% in Bukit Tigapuluh NP and 2.72% in Kutai NP. The carbon stocks of mineral soil in Bukit Tigapuluh NP and Kutai NP at 0-30 cm depth are 43.17 tons C ha-1 and 56.77 tons C ha-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the carbon stock in peat soil in Sebangau NP at 400 m depth is 2,155.63 tons C ha-1, 43-fold more significant than the carbon stock in mineral soil. This study underscores the significance of soil carbon in Indonesia’s climate mitigation. It highlights the opportunity to refine emission estimates from the FOLU sector by adding a soil carbon pool to calculate the emission factor.

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42

SCHRADER, Stefan, Friederike WOLFARTH, and Elisabeth OLDENBURG. "Biological Control of Soil-borne Phytopathogenic Fungi and their Mycotoxins by Soil Fauna." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 70, no. 2 (November 25, 2013): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9743.

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Yield loss through harmful fungi is a serious problem in crop production worldwide. Cereal residuesÂ likeÂ strawÂ areÂ frequentlyÂ infectedÂ by FusariumÂ fungi,Â whichÂ produceÂ mycotoxinsÂ like deoxynivalenolÂ (DON).Â MycotoxinsÂ leadÂ toÂ qualityÂ lossesÂ inÂ cereal-basedÂ foodÂ andÂ feedÂ which endangers human and animal health. Especially under conservation tillage, when mulching techniques are applied to protect soil from erosion, run-off etc., residues should be efficiently degraded to protect the currently cultivated crop from fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination. The objective of this reviewÂ isÂ toÂ giveÂ anÂ overviewÂ onÂ whichÂ roleÂ decomposingÂ soilÂ faunaÂ playsÂ inÂ theÂ fateÂ of Fusarium fungiÂ andÂ there mainÂ mycotoxinÂ DONÂ inÂ theÂ soilÂ system.Â Generally,Â soilÂ faunaÂ benefitsÂ from conservation tillage compared to conventional tillage. Results from experiments in the laboratory and fieldÂ revealedÂ thatÂ earthwormsÂ asÂ primaryÂ andÂ secondaryÂ decomposersÂ asÂ wellÂ as fungivorous collembolansÂ andÂ soilÂ nematodesÂ contributeÂ toÂ theÂ ecosystemÂ servicesÂ ofÂ pathogenÂ depressionÂ and toxin degradation with respect to Fusarium and DON. Fusarium seems to be an attractive food source. Furthermore, the mycotoxin DON does not cause any harm to the soil fauna tested. Key factors for the controlÂ of FusariumÂ developmentÂ byÂ antagonisticÂ soilÂ faunaÂ are:Â (1)Â interactionÂ withÂ soil microorganisms; (2) interaction of soil fauna species; (3) soil texture; (4) residue exposure. Ecosystem services of antagonistic soil fauna are vital to crop production and the functioning of agroecosystems. They will be discussed in a broader context of soil health and conservation tillage.

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43

Govers, Gerard, Roel Merckx, Bas van Wesemael, and Kristof Van Oost. "Soil conservation in the 21st century: why we need smart agricultural intensification." SOIL 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-45-2017.

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Abstract. Soil erosion severely threatens the soil resource and the sustainability of agriculture. After decades of research, this problem still persists, despite the fact that adequate technical solutions now exist for most situations. This begs the question as to why soil conservation is not more rapidly and more generally implemented. Studies show that the implementation of soil conservation measures depends on a multitude of factors but it is also clear that rapid change in agricultural systems only happens when a clear economic incentive is present for the farmer. Conservation measures are often more or less cost-neutral, which explains why they are often less generally adopted than expected. This needs to be accounted for when developing a strategy on how we may achieve effective soil conservation in the Global South, where agriculture will fundamentally change in the next century. In this paper we argue that smart intensification is a necessary component of such a strategy. Smart intensification will not only allow for soil conservation to be made more economical, but will also allow for significant gains to be made in terms of soil organic carbon storage, water efficiency and biodiversity, while at the same time lowering the overall erosion risk. While smart intensification as such will not lead to adequate soil conservation, it will facilitate it and, at the same time, allow for the farmers of the Global South to be offered a more viable future.

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44

Thadei, S. Y., and A. J. P. Tarimo. "Evaluation of Soil Conservation Measures." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 23, no. 1 (December 31, 1999): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v23i1.288.

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45

Chenoweth, Richard. "SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION SOCIETY." Landscape Journal 11, no. 1 (1992): 92.2–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.11.1.92a.

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46

Setia, Parveen P., and C. Tim Osborn. "Targeting Soil Conservation Incentive Payments." North Central Journal of Agricultural Economics 11, no. 1 (January 1989): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1349286.

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47

Leonard, R. A. "Soil and Water Conservation Engineering." Journal of Environmental Quality 23, no. 2 (March 1994): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300020032x.

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48

Sharpley, Andrew. "World Soil Erosion and Conservation." Journal of Environmental Quality 23, no. 2 (March 1994): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300020035x.

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49

OMARIEV, Sh Sh, L. Y. KARAEVA, T. V. RAMAZANOVA, N. M. MANSUROV, R. M. PAIZULAEVA, A. M. ABASOVA, and A. B. DMITRIENKO. "SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGY ON SLOPES." Daghestan GAU Proceeding, no. 2 (2021): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52671/26867591_2021_2_72.

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50

Peddi, Dayakar, and Kavi Kumar KS. "Adoption of Soil Conservation Measures." Ecology, Economy and Society–the INSEE Journal 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.37773/ees.v4i2.273.

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Land degradation resulting from soil erosion is a major problem in rain-fed agricultural areas in India. This study analyses the key determinants of farmers’ decisions to adopt on-farm soil and water conservation (SWC) measures in the rain-fed watershed areas of Siddipet district in Telangana. Here, SWC measures have been undertaken by the government and NGOs at the sub-watershed/community level and by individual farmers at the farm level. The study is based on a primary survey of over 400 farmers conducted in January–March 2018. In addition to estimating the influence of biophysical and market access variables on farmers’ decisions to undertake SWC practices, the study includes a logistic model that found a complementarity between community and individual plot-level interventions to improve soil health. The findings also highlight the influence of conservation measures practised in the neighbourhood on farmers’ decisions to implement SWC measures.

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