Дисертації з теми "Soi minimal"
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Agneray, Fabien. "Schizophrénies et chronicité : enjeux psychopathologiques de la première hospitalisation." Thesis, Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0011.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction : Among the long-term psychiatric hospitalized population, schizophrenia is the most frequent diagnosis. The objective is to analyze chronicity within this population of patients. Method : based on four clinical cases from our clinical practice and semi-structured interviews with thirteen schizophrenic patients, we performed a clinical and psychopathological analysis focused on the phenomenological understanding of the experience of first hospitalization. This verbal material underwent double analysis, both qualitative and quantitative rooted in statistics and n'vivo. Results : Several factors as the alteration of minimal self, the experience of temporality and the bonds with significant others participate, as well as the experience of violence, in establishing chronicity for these patients. On the other hand, the hospital seems to be invested as a home infrequently. Associated with the passivity induced by the institutional dynamics, the major alteration of minimal self hinders the appropriation of experience in these patients. Discussion : chronicity in the schizophrenic experience is an irreducible clinical reality. It involves considering existential time and constant screening of the setting. As the patient is limited in his territorialization process at the very moment of the event of his hospitalization, we identify in his speech a lack of transpassability that indicates a difficulty in appropriation leading to incomprehension of hospitalization and its outcome. Conclusion : in schizophrenia, the existential stakes are inherent to the experience of hospitalization. The institution itself must be questioned in order to preserve its capacity of thought and holding in order to maintain a dynamic specifically adjusted to the care of schizophrenic patients
Petherbridge, Wilfred Lane. "Sod salvage and minimal disturbance pipeline reclamation techniques, implications for native prairie restoration." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0009/MQ60167.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Crapper Jérôme. "Critères pour qu'une géodésique de la métrique de Hofer soit minimale." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066467.
Повний текст джерелаValentini, Sílvia Regina de Toledo. "Conservação de toletes de palmito Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) "in natura" sob refrigeração e atmosfera modificada." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256912.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivos: quantificar a taxa respiratória, a produção de etileno e a atividade enzimática de toletes de palmito Pupunha; determinar a temperatura adequada para a conservação da qualidade e avaliar sistemas de embalagem com atmosfera modificada. O primeiro experimento teve por objetivo quantificar a taxa respiratória e a produção de etileno em toletes de palmito Pupunha armazenados nas temperaturas de 1,5±1oC, 5±1oC, 10±1oC e 25±1oC e 85±5% de umidade relativa. As análises da concentração de oxigênio (O2), dióxido de carbono (CO2) e etileno (C2H4) foram feitas por cromatografia gasosa.Também foi determinada a perda de massa dos toletes armazenados nas quatro temperaturas. A atividade respiratória, a biossíntese de C2H4 e a perda de massa de toletes de palmito Pupunha são influenciadas pelas temperaturas de armazenamento. No segundo experimento foi feita a caracterização físico-química de toletes de palmito Pupunha do verão e do inverno. Os toletes foram armazenados a 10,0±1oC, 5,0±1oC e 1,5±1oC com umidade relativa de 85±5%. O rendimento de toletes por haste cortada foi 30% menor no inverno e seus valores de firmeza foram maiores que os do verão. A perda de massa foi maior nos toletes colhidos no verão. A condição climática não exerceu efeito sobre o pH e acidez dos toletes. No terceiro experimento os toletes foram embalados em PELBD e PVC esticáveis e em filme poliolefínico (CT301) e armazenados a 5oC. Verificou-se que a menor concentração de O2 no interior das embalagens com PVC não reduziu a concentração de C2H4 e também não afetou a atividade da peroxidase nos toletes de palmito Pupunha. A maior concentração de CO2 no interior das embalagens PVC não exerceu efeito inibidor sobre a ação do C2H4 nos toletes. Os toletes de palmito Pupunha embalados em PVC e armazenados a 5,0oC apresentaram-se microbiologicamente seguros para o consumo até o 15o dia pós-colheita, enquanto os acondicionados em PELBD e CT301 até o 6º dia. A baixa concentração de O2 no interior das embalagens de PVC reduziu o crescimento de microrganismos deteriorantes
Abstract: This study aimed to quantify the respiratory rate, ethylene production and enzymatic activity of Pupunha hearts of palm and to determine the temperature for preserving the product, and to evaluate modified atmosphere packaging systems for product conservation. The first test aimed to quantify the respiratory rate and ethylene production of Pupunha hearts of palm stored at 25.0oC, 10.0oC, 5.0oC and 1.5oC and 85 ± 5% RH. The analysis of the concentration of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethylene (C2H4) were made by gas chromatography. The weight loss was also determined. The storage temperatures effected the respiratory rate and C2H4 concentration of Pupunha hearts of palm. In the second experiment, Pupunha hearts of palm were harvested during the summer and winter. The hearts of palm were stored at 10.0 ± 1oC, 5.0 ± 1oC and 1.5 ± 1oC at relative humidity of 85 ± 5%. The yield of the stems cut in the winter was 30% lower and the hearts of palms were tougher. Weight loss was higher for hearts of palm harvested in the summer. Tritatable acidity and pH were not affected by the harvesting season. In the third assay, Pupunha hearts of palm were packed with stretchable PVC and LDPE films and with a polyolefinic film (CT301) and stored at 5oC. The low O2 concentration in the PVC packagings did not affect C2H4 concentration and the peroxidase activity. Hearts of palm packed in PVC and stored at 5.0oC were microbiologically safe up to the 15th postharvest day, and those packed in LDPE and CT301 up to the 6th day. The low O2 concentration in the PVC packaging reduced microbial deterioration
Doutorado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
Fernandes, Cristiano Mateus Cunha. "The efficiency in Markowitz, minimum-variance and naïve portfolios applied to smi." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8199.
Повний текст джерелаEsta dissertação tem como objectivo analisar vários modelos de gestão de carteiras, tendo em consideração gestão activa e passiva e o seu impacto na escolha eficiente de uma carteira ótima composta por activos do índice bolsista Suiço - SMI. A minha escolha recaíu sobre a Suiça por várias razões. Em primeiro lugar, seria interessante perceber o comportamento de um mercado europeu que não utilizasse a moeda única. Outra das razões foi por este mercado incorpora algumas grandes empresas multinacionais, tais como a Nestlé e a Swatch. A análise histórica das carteiras teve em conta o modelo Markowitz (média-variância), modelo Mínima-Variância e o modelo Naïve (pesos iguais). O horizonte temporal utilizado neste estudo foi de 10 anos, considerando o período de Janeiro de 2004 a Dezembro de 2013. Os dados foram retirados da base de dados académica Datastream. Para calcular o peso a investir em cada ativo, foram utilizados os sistemas de ?janelas de dados? a 1 e 2 anos. Por fim, será possível observer se, para 12 meses, existem ou não diferenças significativas entre os modelos de gestão de carteiras estudados nesta dissertação. Será também possível analisar se, para rendibilidades e rácios de Sharpe mais elevados, a carteira ótima é a melhor opção.
This study aims to analyze various models of portfolio management, underlying the active and passive management and its impact on the efficient choice of an optimal portfolio composed by assets from Swiss shares index - SMI. I chose Swiss market for a couple of reasons. First of all, it would be interesting to analyze the behavior of an European market that doesn't belong to Euro. Another reason was the fact of this market have some big international companies such as Nestlé and Swatch. Historical portfolio analysis took into account the Markowitz model (mean-variance), the Minimum Variance model and the Naïve model (equal weights). The time horizon used in this dissertation was 10 years and considers the period between January, 2004 and December, 2013. The data were obtained from academic database Datastream. To compute the weight to invest in each asset, ?data window system' for 1 and 2 years will be used. To conclude, we will be able to see if, for 12 months, there are or not significant differences between the types of portfolio management treated throughout the dissertation. Further on, we may consider if for higher returns and Sharpe Ratio, the optimal portfolio is the best option.
Nolasco, Pérez Irene Marivel 1973. "Efeito da cobertura de fécula de mandioca sobre o morango, armazenado sob temperatura de refrigeração." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255150.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: No mundo atual é crescente a demanda dos consumidores por produtos frescos, devido a sua qualidade nutricional, além de oferecer benefícios para a saúde como, por exemplo, na prevenção de algumas doenças. Frente a esta demanda, o presente trabalho estudou o uso de coberturas comestíveis de fécula de mandioca na manutenção da qualidade dos frutos de morango (Fragaria ananassa Duch.). Os frutos de morango receberam tratamentos combinando o processamento mínimo com a utilização de cobertura comestível de fécula de mandioca, cuja finalidade foi prolongar a vida útil destes em temperaturas de refrigeração. Os frutos após o processamento foram mergulhados por 10 minutos em suspensão de 3% (p/v) de fécula de mandioca e submetidos à secagem naturalmente à temperatura ambiente e armazenados em temperaturas de 10 ?C e 15 ?C. Na primeira etapa, o objetivo foi avaliar as características da cobertura aplicada nos morangos (propriedades mecânicas: forças de ruptura e penetração, cor dos morangos, taxa de respiração e resistência ao vapor de agua) depois de 24 horas do tratamento. A aplicação da cobertura nos morangos não alterou significativamente as propriedades mecânicas (forças de ruptura e penetração), cor dos morangos, taxa de respiração e resistência ao vapor de água em comparação aos morangos sem coberturas. Na segunda etapa foi realizado o estudo da vida útil dos morangos com e sem cobertura, armazenados a temperaturas de 10 ?C e 15 ?C. Na perda de peso verificou-se diferença significativa ao longo do tempo de armazenamento diferença significativa, e no tempo fixo não se observou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos, a taxa de respiração mostrou um incremento significativo em todos os tratamentos ao longo no tempo de armazenamento e para tempo fixo não presentaram diferenças significativo entre os tratamentos exceto no dia 1 se observou que o tratamento 15 ?C com cobertura diminui significativamente com respeito a 15 ?C sem cobertura. O teor de antocianinas apresentou uma diminuição significativa ao longo do tempo de armazenamento para os tratamentos 10 ?C sem cobertura e 15 C sem e com cobertura em ambas temperaturas são não significativo nos dia 5 e 8. As amostras 10 ?C com e sem cobertura e 15 ?C com e sem cobertura foram avaliadas sensorialmente os morangos com cobertura apresentaram notas acima do limite de aceitação (4,5), o fator que determinou o tempo de vida útil foi a contaminação microbiológica observada nas amostras. As amostras armazenadas a 10 ?C com e sem cobertura apresentaram 8 dias de vida útil e as amostras armazenadas 15 ?C com e sem cobertura apresentaram 5 dias de vida útil
Abstract: Nowadays there is a growing consumer demand for fresh products, due to their nutritional quality and the health benefits they provide, for example, in the prevention of some diseases. Faced with this demand, the present work analyzed the use of edible cassava starch coating for preserving the quality of strawberry fruits (Fragaria ananassa Duch.). Strawberries underwent treatment combining minimal processing with the use of edible cassava starch coating, aiming to extend the lifetime of these fruits at refrigerated temperatures. To this aim, after the processing stage, the fruits were immersed for 10 minutes in a 3% (w/v) cassava starch suspension; then they were naturally dried at room temperature and stored at temperatures of 10?C and 15?C. During the first stage, the objective was to evaluate the characteristics of the starch-based coating applied to strawberries ¿ that is, mechanical properties (compression and penetration strengths) strawberry color, respiration rate and water vapor resistance ¿ after a 24-hour treatment. The application of the coating on the strawberries did not significantly modify the mechanical properties (compression and penetration strengths), strawberry color, respiration rate and resistance to water vapor, when compared to uncoated strawberries. During the second stage we studied the lifetime of coated and uncoated strawberries stored at temperatures of 10?C and 15?C. In the weight loss treatments, we were able to verify significant differences during the storage time, and in the fixed time no significant differences were observed, the respiration rate showed significant increase in all treatments during storage time, and in the fixed time, no significant differences among treatments were seen, except for day 1, when it was observed that the coated fruits under treatment at 15 ?C showed a significant decrease with regard to the uncoated fruits treated at 15?C. The anthocyanin content showed significant decrease during storage time for uncoated fruits at 10?C and for coated and uncoated fruits at 15?C; at both temperatures there were no significant results on days 5th and 8th. Sensory analysis was performed on samples at coated and uncoated stored at 10?C and 15?C . Coated strawberries showed numbers above the acceptance limit (4.5). The factor that determined the lifetime was the microbiological contamination observed in the samples. Coated and uncoated samples stored at 10?C had an 8-day lifetime and the coated and uncoated samples stored at 15?C had a 5-day lifetime
Mestrado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Mestra em Engenharia de Alimentos
Gioppo, Mariane. "Pós-colheita de brócolis, repolho roxo e alface sob diferentes ambientes e reguladores." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2011. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2214.
Повний текст джерелаThe vegetables are highly perishable and their post-harvest storage is relatively short. The increased lifetime in a day or more is very important for the marketing of vegetables. An alternative to reducing losses and better use the harvest is the minimal processing, it combines convenience and practicality to be a product ready for consumption. However, some problems hindering the extension of shelf life of products such as high respiratory rate and proliferation of microorganisms. The use of growth regulators like 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an antagonist of ethylene action, and the use of plastic films have been widely studied in association with the use of low temperatures. For this study three experiments were made in order to verify the efficiency of use of 1-MCP and promalina in reducing the senescence of broccoli inflorescences, evaluate the performance of minimally processed cabbage and packed in four kinds of packaging and efficiency of 1-MCP and storage in three packaging minimally processed lettuce. Inflorescences of broccoli cultivar Avenger were sanitized, treated with 2.5 ppm 1-MCP, 50 ppm promalina, combination of 50 ppm and 2.5 ppm promalina of 1-MCP and stored in polyethylene film bags of low density (LDPE) for storage at 5 ± 2 ° C cold room. Heads of cabbage cultivar Red Dynasty were minimally processed, sanitized and packed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with lid, polystyrene trays (EPS) of flexible film coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), LDPE film and polypropylene film (PP) punched, and stored at 5 ± 2 ° C cold room. Heads of lettuce cultivar Vanda were minimally processed, sanitized, treated with 1-MCP and stored in PET bottles with lids, trays EPS coated flexible film of PVC and LDPE film, and stored at 4 ± 2 º C in cold . Treatment with MCP-1 contributed to the longevity of broccoli inflorescences up to twenty-seven days at a temperature of 5 ± 2 º C. Treatment with the combination of promalina with 1-MCP were not favorable. Regardless of the type of packaging minimally processed cabbage should not exceed four days, because I had blackened appearance due to oxidation. The PET was efficient associated with 1-MCP providing better quality for up to twelve days.
As hortaliças possuem alta perecibilidade pós-colheita e seu armazenamento é relativamente curto. O aumento da vida útil em um ou mais dias é muito importante para a comercialização das hortaliças. Uma alternativa para a redução de perdas e melhor utilização da colheita é o processamento mínimo, pois alia conveniência e praticidade por ser um produto pronto para o consumo. Entretanto, alguns problemas dificultam a extensão da vida de prateleira desses produtos, tais como alta taxa respiratória e proliferação de microrganismos. O uso de fitorreguladores como o 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP), um antagonista de ação do etileno, e a utilização de filmes plásticos têm sido amplamente estudados em associação com o uso de baixas temperaturas. Para a realização deste estudo foram feitos três experimentos com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência do uso do 1-MCP e da promalina na redução da senescência de inflorescências de brócolis, avaliar o comportamento do repolho roxo minimamente processado e embalado em quatro tipos de embalagem e a eficiência do 1-MCP e de três embalagens no armazenamento de alface minimamente processada. Inflorescências de brócolis da cultivar Avenger foram sanitizadas, tratadas com 2,5 ppm de 1-MCP, 50 ppm de promalina, combinação de 50 ppm de promalina e 2,5 ppm de 1-MCP e acondicionados em sacos de filme de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) para armazenamento a 5±2ºC em câmara fria. Cabeças de repolho roxo da cultivar Red Dynasty foram minimamente processadas, sanitizadas e acondicionadas em embalagens de tereftalato de polietileno (PET) com tampa, bandejas de poliestireno expandido (EPS) revestidas com filme flexível de policloreto de vinila (PVC), filme de PEBD e filme de polipropileno (PP) perfurado, e armazenadas a 5±2ºC em câmara fria. Cabeças de alface crespa da cultivar Vanda foram minimamente processadas, sanitizadas, tratadas com 1-MCP e acondicionadas em embalagens de PET com tampa, bandejas de EPS revestidas com filme flexível de PVC e filme de PEBD, e armazenadas a 4±2ºC em câmara fria. O tratamento com 1-MCP contribuiu na longevidade das inflorescências do brócolis por até vinte e sete dias à temperatura de 5±2ºC. Os tratamentos com promalina e a combinação deste com o 1-MCP não se mostraram favoráveis. Independente do tipo de embalagem o repolho roxo minimamente processado não deve ultrapassar quatro dias, pois já apresentava aparência escurecida devido à oxidação. A embalagem PET mostrou-se eficiente associada ao 1-MCP proporcionando melhor qualidade por até doze dias.
Silva, Josilene Amaro da. "Conservação de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) minimamente processada sob diferentes atmosferas modi-ficadas." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2009. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4034.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study aimed to evaluate the use of modified atmosphere (MA) in the conservation of sweet cassava variety 'Pernambuana' minimally processed in plastic containers. In the first stage determined the chemical composition (macro and micronutrients), heavy metals, the cooking time (DTC), quality of cooking and cyanogenic compounds. Minimal processing was the subdivision into two areas, dirty areas: reception of raw materials, selection, classification and pre-wash. In the second step, the clean area: processing (peeling and cutting), rinse, sanitizing, spinning, packing, storage. We analyzed the gas concentration (O2 and CO2) inside the package by 70 pm. The experiment was conducted at temperature 10 °C and stored in polystyrene containers terephthalate (PET) without PVC (CONT), PET with PVC (AMCF), sealed polyethylene bags without vacuum (AMSV) and vacuum (AMCV) at 5 ± 0.2 º C, RH 43% for 20 days. Were performed physical and chemical analysis. The increase in browning (IE), staining of cuttings (L *, C *, H *). and enzyme activity were performed every four days until the 16th day. The microbiological analysis of fecal and total coliforms were performed on the day of processing, with eight and sixteen days. The variety 'Pernambucana‟ has got cooking time of 20 minutes, quality mass formed after cooking and low levels of cyanogenic compounds. It was observed that the pH, ascorbic acid, varied significantly during storage. There were statistical differences (P ≤ 0.05) for the values of reducing sugars, total soluble sugars during periods of storage. Packaging (AMSV and AMCV) had the highest values of L *, the lowest increment of darkening, a smaller reduction of ascorbic acid, however, had the highest pH values. The enzymes showed no statistical differences (P ≤ 0.05) for the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol in storage periods and between treatments. Considering the physico-chemical and microbial life of cassava was 12 days for treatments AMSVand AMCV and eight days for the treatment AMCF. According to the microbiological analysis of cassava breeding minimally processed showed an absence of coliform bacteria at 45 °C, however, treatment with AMCF, and AMSV AMCV showed total coliform counts considered high.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de atmosfera modificada (AM) na conservação de mandioca de mesa da variedade Pernambucana‟ minimamente processada em embalagens plásticas. Na primeira etapa determinou-se a composição química, (macro e micronutrientes), metais pesados, o tempo de cocção (DTC), qualidade de massa cozida e compostos cianogênicos. O processamento mínimo consistiu na subdivisão em duas áreas, área suja: recepção da matéria-prima, seleção, classificação e pré-lavagem. Na segunda etapa, na área limpa: processamento (descascamento e corte), enxague, sanificação, centrifugação, embalagem, armazenamento. Analisou-se a concentração gasosa (O2 e CO2) no interior das embalagens, por 70 hs. O experimento foi realizado em câmara fria a 10ºC e armazenados nas embalagens Poliestireno tereftalato (PET) sem PVC (CONT), PET com PVC (AMCF), saco de polietileno selado sem vácuo (AMSV) e com vácuo (AMCV) à temperatura de 5 ± 0,2ºC, UR 43% por 20 dias. Foram realizadas as análises físico-químicas. O incremento de escurecimento (IE), coloração dos toletes (L*, C*, H*). e atividade enzimática foram realizadas a cada quatro dias até o 16º dia. As análises microbiológicas de coliformes totais e termotolerantes foram realizadas no dia do processamento, com oito e dezesseis dias. A variedade Pernambucana apresenta obteve tempo de cozimento de 20 minutos, qualidade massa formada após cozimento e baixo teores de compostos cianogênicos. Observou-se que os valores de pH, ácido ascórbico, variaram significativamente durante o armazenamento. Houve diferenças estatísticas (P≤0,05) para os valores de açúcares redutores, açúcares solúveis totais nos períodos de armazenamento. As embalagens (AMSV e AMCV) obtiveram os maiores valores de L*, os menores valores de incremento de escurecimento, menor redução de ácido ascórbico, no entanto, obteve os maiores valores de pH. As enzimas apresentaram diferenças estatísticas (P≤0,05) para a atividade da polifenol e peroxidase nos períodos de armazenamento e entre os tratamentos. Considerando-se a análise físico-química e microbiológica, a vida útil da mandioca foi de 12 dias para os tratamentos AMSV e AMCV e oito dias para o tratamento AMCF. De acordo com as análises microbiológicas a mandioca de mesa minimamente processada apresentou ausência de coliforme a 45ºC, no entanto, os tratamentos com AMCF, AMSV e AMCV apresentaram contagem de coliformes totais consideradas altas. Palavras-
Lefebvre, Luce. "Le questionnement de la rationalité dans l'art minimal et le déplacement de l'esthétique au politique à partir de Deleuze et Adorno /." Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24575441.
Повний текст джерелаSouza, Ayeska Hubner Braga Nunes. "Ciclagem de nutrientes e produtividade de madeira em povoamento de Eucalyptus grandis sob diferentes manejos de resíduos florestais e fertilização mineral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-17092015-110332/.
Повний текст джерелаThe minimal tillage system is characterized by practices of reduced soil management which retains most part of forest residues in the production site, aiming to supply the forest demand and the sustainability of the production system. The aims of this study are: i) Access the effect on soil fertility and site production of total and partial removal of harvest residues and mineral fertilization. ii) Quantify the biomass and nutrient rates in trees along one eucalypt rotation, under different residues management and mineral fertilization. iii) Quantify the effects of residues management and mineral fertilization on deposition, accumulation, decomposition and nutritional qualities of litter. iv) Quantify the nutrient exportation due to the harvest, considering steam and other parts. v) Access productivity potential according to the nutritional balance under different forest management cases. For this study an experimental site with different residues management and mineral fertilization was established. The treatments were separated in two groups. The first one included the treatments with total or partial removal of forest residues: canopy (leaves and stems), bark and litter. The second group of treatment included the omission of nutrients in mineral fertilizer: N, P, K or lime. During eight years rotation were monitored soil fertility, biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, growth and tree nutritional status. The different residues management and mineral fertilizations has showed minor effects on soil fertility once the nutrient rates on soil were suitable due to the mineral fertilization applied for site preparation. However, when the fertilization was carried out without K, reduction of 50% in growth was observed. The omission of P in fertilization did not affect the wood productivity during the forest rotation, but P was the most limiting nutrient for the potential number of future rotations. The biochemical nutrient cycling was not affected by total or partial removal of forestry residues. Annual deposition of K was 60% reduced when the nutrient was not applied by fertilization, which affected the nutrient cycling. The results of this study demonstrated that despite the benefits of forest residues retention on chemical proprieties of soils, the inadequate fertilization reduces expressively the productive potential of the site.
Hosaas, Arnstein. "Concepção otimizada de semi-submersíveis visando oscilações verticais mínimas sob excitação de ondas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3135/tde-27072007-145911/.
Повний текст джерелаSemi-submersible platforms, which are used as floating structures for oil production and exploration in deep waters, have their geometry composed basically of totally submerged horizontal elements (pontoons), the deck, and vertical elements that cross the free surface, these latter linking the pontoons to the deck. This geometry is efficient for keeping the oscillations due to wave excitation at small levels, specially the heave, as well to provide floatation, deck area and static stability compatible to the platform?s mission. In the present work, rather simplified models are applied for the representation of the geometric characteristics and of the other above mentioned attributes. In fact, pontoons and columns are represented by cylinders, and oscillations due to waves are determined by a formulation similar to Morison?s equation. These models take part in an optimization process for the determination of the main dimensions and proportions that satisfy certain requirements concerning weight, deck area, static stability and the heave. Numerical results for the oscillations due to waves are compared to experimental data obtained for scaled platforms tested in the wave channel of the Naval and Oceanic Engineering Laboratory of EPUSP, leading to reasonable approximations. The optimization process is applied to some cases described in the Literature, leading to results compatible with the published ones, but with the advantage of the simplicity of the analytic-numerical models here adopted.
Pereira, Leila Mendes. "Influencia da desidratação osmotica com aditivos na estrutura celular e na manutenção da qualidade de goiabas minimamente processadas." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255146.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
Moraes, Ingrid Vieira Machado de 1977. "Morango processado minimamente e conservado sob refrigeração e atmosfera controlada." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257163.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O morango é uma hortaliça de clima temperado e tem atração peculiar por sua coloração vermelha brilhante, odor característico, textura macia e sabor levemente acidificado. Dada à sua grande demanda para utilização na culinária nacional e internacional, é desejável o desenvolvimento de tecnologia para o seu processamento mínimo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade físico-química, sensorial e microbiológica de morangos processados minimamente e mantidos sob refrigeração e atmosfera controlada. Morangos da cultivar Oso Grande foram colhidos em campo de produção comercial, localizado no município de Pouso Alegre, MG, e transportados para o Laboratório de Pós-Colheita da Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, localizada no município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, sendo mantidos por aproximadamente 10 horas em câmara fria a 5ºC e 85% de umidade relativa, até o início do processamento. Após seleção e classificação, os frutos foram processados minimamente retirando-se o cálice e o pedúnculo dos frutos. A sanificação foi feita em água a 5ºC/10 minutos, com 150 µL L-1 de cloro ativo e o enxágüe em água a 5ºC/5 minutos, contendo 5 µL L-1 de cloro ativo. Depois de secos, os morangos foram pesados, acondicionados em bandejas plásticas do tipo polietileno tereftalato (PET) e mantidos sob atmosfera controlada durante 10 dias, a 5ºC e a 10ºC. O controle da atmosfera foi feito em microcâmaras e as seguintes composições atmosféricas foram estabelecidas: AC1 ¿ 3 % O2 + 10 % CO2 (balanço N2), AC2 ¿ 3 % O2 + 15 % CO2 (balanço N2), AA ¿ Atmosfera ambiente (controle). Os frutos foram avaliados nos dias 0, 3 e 7 e 10 quanto à perda de massa, firmeza, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares (sacarose, frutose e glicose), teor de antocianinas totais, cor (valores L e a) e qualidade microbiológica. A análise sensorial foi realizada nos dias 3, 7 e 10 do armazenamento, com a avaliação dos atributos de aparência, textura e sabor. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as temperaturas de armazenamento 5ºC e 10ºC para a maioria das variáveis físico-químicas avaliadas. A atmosfera de armazenamento influenciou significativamente a perda de massa, a firmeza, o teor de frutose, de antocianinas totais. As atmosferas de armazenamento contendo 3% O2 + 10% CO2 e 3% O2 + 15% CO2 foram mais eficientes para a manutenção da firmeza dos frutos minimamente processados, bem como foram mais efetivas no controle da perda de massa que a atmosfera ambiente. Todavia, os frutos MP mantidos nestas atmosferas apresentaram menor teor de antocianinas que os mantidos em atmosfera ambiente, embora não se tenha observado mudanças significativas ao longo do período de armazenamento em nenhum dos tratamentos. A presença de sabores estranhos nos morangos processados minimamente e mantidos sob 3% O2 + 10% CO2 e 3% O2 + 15% CO2, quando avaliados sensorialmente, fez com que o produto fosse rejeitado pelos provadores a partir do 3º dia de armazenamento, quando a aparência ainda era adequada. A temperatura de 5ºC foi mais efetiva que a temperatura de 10ºC na manutenção da aparência, na retenção do sabor característico e na prevenção do surgimento de sabores estranhos. O tempo de armazenamento não afetou os atributos de textura e sabor avaliados sensorialmente, porém afetou todos os atributos de aparência, especialmente no 10º dia a 10ºC. A redução da temperatura de 10ºC para 5ºC e a utilização das atmosferas com 3% O2 + 10% CO2 e 3% O2 + 15% CO2 diminuiu o crescimento de bactérias psicrotróficas e de fungos filamentosos e leveduras, aumentando a vida útil dos morangos processados minimamente
Abstract: Strawberries are a temperate vegetable crop highly appreciated by consumers due to their unique characteristics such as bright red color, soft texture and slightly acidified flavor. Due to their high demand both at national and international level, the development of fresh-cut technology for strawberries is highly desirable. The present work was carried out aiming at evaluating physico-chemical, sensorial and microbiological characteristics of fresh-cut strawberries kept under refrigeration and controlled atmosphere. Strawberries 'Oso Grande¿ were harvested at a commercial field located at Pouso Alegre, MG, and transported to the Postharvest Laboratory at Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and were stored for approximatelly 10 hours in cold rooms at 5ºC and 85% relative humidity until processing. After grading and sizing fruits were minimally processed and the calyx and peduncle were removed. Sanitation was done in a solution of chlorine (150 µL L-1) at 5°C for 10 min. Rinsing was carried in a solution of chlorine of 5 µL L-1 at 5°C for 5 min. After room drying, fruits were weight, placed in plastic trays polyethylene tereftalato type (PET) and kept under controlled atmosphere conditions for 10 days at 5 and 10°C. Atmosphere control was accomplished in micro-chambers where the following atmospheric combinations were established: 3% O2 + 10% CO2 (N2 balance), 3% O2 + 15% CO2 (N2 balance), and Ambient atmosphere (control). Fruits were evaluated at 0, 3, 7 and 10 days for mass loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose), total anthocyanins, color (L-value, a-value), and microbiological quality. Sensory analysis was performed at 3, 7 and 10 days of storage, and appearence, texture and flavor were evaluated. There were no significant differences among most of the variables studied both at 5ºC and 10°C. Storage atmosphere had a significant effect in mass loss, firmness, levels of fructose and total anthocyanins and luminosity at the cut site. Atmospheres with 3% O2 + 10% CO2 and 3% O2 + 15% CO2 were more efficient in firmness maintenance for fresh-cut fruits as well as were more effective to control mass loss at normal atmosphere (air). However, fresh cut fruits kept in these atmospheres showed a lower content of total anthocyanins, although no significant changes were observed throughout the storage period. The presence of off-flavors detected by the taste panel in the fresh-cut strawberries stored under 3% O2 + 10% CO2 and 3% O2 + 15% CO2 made with that the product was rejected by the provers from 3rd day of storage, when the appearance was still adequate. Storage at 5°C was more effective in the maintenance of appearance, flavor retention and in the prevention of off-flavors. Storage length did not affect texture and flavor attributes evaluated by the sensory panel, but affected visual attributes. Temperature reduction from 10ºC to 5°C and the utilization of 3% O2 + 10% CO2 and 3% O2 + 15% CO2 concentrations reduced the growth of psycotrophic bacteria, molds and yeasts, increasing the shelf life of fresh-cut strawberries
Mestrado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
Zanfolin, Priscila Roberta Leme. "Manejo químico e físico do solo em área de pastagem para o cultivo de soja em diferentes sistemas de produção." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2015. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1013.
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The growing demand for food ally to the country's need to ensure positive results in the trade balance, direct, increasingly, studies to agriculture with high yields. In order to achieve these results with low-impact activities, was aimed with this work, to verify the effect of no tillage with scarifier and the use of fertilizers and corrective performed in the culture of brachiaria preceding soybean cultivation, as a low fertility soil and degraded structure, to improve soy production environment and forage conducted in no tillage system with integrated Crop-Livestock. The experiment was conducted in extensive grazing area at the Experimental Farm of the University of Western São Paulo - UNOESTE in Presidente Bernardes-SP, in a soil classified as Acrisol dystrophic. The treatments consist of plots submitted or not to mechanical handling with scarifier type matabroto, each plot gets five chemical treatments, as follows: 1. Without fertilization and liming (control); 2- Application of lime; 3 Application of lime + gypsum; 4- Application of lime + gypsum + NPK; 5- Application of lime + gypsum + NPK + micronutrients. Both the management with ripper as chemical treatments were made 30 days prior to desiccation of pasture (45 days before soybean sowing) in 2013 and were repeated in the year 2014. The experimental design was in bands, in factorial scheme 2 x 5, with four replications. To evaluate the effect of the treatments was determined straw contribution by brachiaria and soil samples were collected in the layers 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, which were physically analyzed for density soil, porosity, water retention curve in the soil and aggregate stability. The soil was also analyzed for particulate C and N fractions and associated minerals. Soybean yield was determined in the season 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. During the cultivation of soy in the 2014/2015 crop was evaluated soil moisture profile. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and t test comparison of means at 5% error probability. The benefits brought by scarifying the soil physical properties are not lasting, since the chemical quality contributes to the structuring of the soil medium and long term.
A crescente demanda por alimento aliada a necessidade do país em garantir resultados positivos na balança comercial, direcionam, cada vez mais, estudos visando agricultura com altas produtividades. A fim de alcançar esses resultados com atividades de baixo impacto ambiental, objetivou-se, com esse trabalho,verificar o efeito do preparo mínimo do solo com escarificador e do uso de adubos e corretivos realizados na cultura da braquiária, antecedendo o cultivo da soja, na qualidade de um solo de baixa fertilidade e com estrutura degradada, visando melhorar o ambiente de produção de soja e forragem conduzidas em Sistema Semeadura Direta com integração Lavoura-Pecuária. O experimento foi conduzido em área de pastagem extensiva na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE, em Presidente Bernardes-SP, em um solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho distroférrico. Os tratamentos experimentais são constituídos por talhões submetidos ou não ao manejo mecânico com escarificador tipo matabroto, sendo que cada talhão recebe cinco tratamentos químicos, sendo eles: 1- Sem adubação e sem calagem (testemunha); 2- Com aplicação de calcário; 3- Com aplicação de calcário+gesso; 4- Com aplicação de calcário+gesso+NPK; 5- Com aplicação de calcário+gesso+NPK+micronutrientes. Tanto o manejo com escarificador como os tratamentos químicos foram efetuados 30 dias antes da dessecação da pastagem (45 dias antes da semeadura da soja) no ano de 2013 e foram repetidos no ano de 2014. O delineamento experimental foi em faixas, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições. Para avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos, foi determinado o aporte de palha pela braquiária e foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm, as quais foram analisadas fisicamente quanto à densidade do solo, porosidade, curva de retenção de água no solo e estabilidade de agregados. O solo também foi analisado quanto às frações de C e N particulados e associados a minerais. A produtividade da soja foi determinada na safra 2013/2014 e 2014/2015. Durante o cultivo da soja na safra 2014/2015 foi avaliada a umidade do solo no perfil. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste t de comparação de médias ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro. Os benefícios trazidos pela escarificação às características físicas do solo não são duradouras, já a qualidade química colabora para a estruturação do solo a médio e longo prazo.
Celestino, João Cláudio [UNESP]. "Atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato, em arroz cultivado em solo proveniente de áreas sob diferentes preparos, água e doses de nitrogênio." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98879.
Повний текст джерелаUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A assimilação do nitrogênio é um processo vital que controla o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas e tem efeitos marcantes sobre a fitomassa e a produtividade final das culturas. A rota de assimilação do nitrato em plantas superiores envolve dois estágios seqüenciais, conversão do nitrato a nitrito pela redutase do nitrato (NR) e nitrito a amônio, mediada pela enzima redutase do nitrito (NiR). O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a atividade da enzima NR em arroz cv. IAC 202 conduzido sob solo proveniente de áreas de sistema de plantio direto e plantio em solo escarificado, aliado a doses crescentes de nitrogênio (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125 kg.ha -1 ) em dois regimes hídricos. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos a céu aberto e as análises foram realizadas de acordo com método clássico in vivo. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram feitas três análises com intervalo de sete dias entre uma e outra e estas se iniciaram sete dias após a aplicação do N em cobertura. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a maior atividade da enzima está relacionada com a disponibilidade de água e ao tipo de manejo do solo (plantio direto).
The assimilation of the nitrogen is a vital process that it controls the growth and the development of the plants and it has outstanding effects on the biomass and the final productivity of the crops. The pathway of assimilation of the nitrate in plants involves two sequential stage, one is reduction the nitrate to nitrite mediated by the nitrate reductase (NR) and reduction the nitrite to ammonium mediated by the enzyme nitrite reductase (NiR). In the present work objetivated to verify the enzyme NR activity in rice cv. IAC 202 plants cultivated in two conditions of handling of the soil, no-tillage and minimum tillage, and doses of Nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg.ha -1 ) on irrigation and without irrigation. The plants were cultivated in vases to open sky and the analyses were accomplished in agreement with method classic alive in. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four repetitions. It was made three evaluations in the interval of seven days; the analysis began seven days after the N application on covering. The largest activity of the enzyme is related with readiness of water and to the soil cultivation with the better performance was observed in no-tillage system.
Feugas, Alexandre. "Une approche agile, fiable et minimale pour le maintien de la qualité de service lors de l’évolution d’applications à base de processus métiers." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10111/document.
Повний текст джерелаCurrent softwares are built using agile and iterative development methods, where each iteration can be seen as a software evolution, to consider the new needs of users. In the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) world, the design of software is made of service orchestration using business processes. The evolution step becomes a complex step, where a simple modification on a sub-part of a business process can have consequences on the entire system, causing for example its slowing down or its Quality of Service (QoS) degradation. As a result, it is necessary to preserve the QoS of software made of business processes by proposing agile and reliable evolution mechanisms that have to be minimal in order to not degrade the software performances. The contributions of this thesis are Blink, a development cycle to maintain the QoS during evolution, and Smile, a framework to maintain QoS during the evolution of a service-oriented software made of business processes. Smile relies on an evolution analysis determining its effect of the software QoS, by establishing causal relations between variables, operations, services and other parts of the system. By identifying the elements that are causally affected by the evolution and by ruling out the ones that are not, our approach enables the limitation of the number of elements to (re)check in order to assure a reliable evolution step, with a minimal (re)check step
Dogan, Erkan. "Optimum Design Of Rigid And Semi-rigid Steel Sway Frames Including Soil-structure Interaction." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612281/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаend plate without column stiffeners&rdquo
and &ldquo
top and seat angle with web angles&rdquo
. Soil-structure interaction is also included in the analysis. Frames are assumed to be resting on nonlinear soil, which is represented by a set of axial elements. Particle swarm optimization method is used to develop the optimum design algorithm. The Particle Swarm method is a numerical optimization technique that simulates the social behavior of birds, fishes and bugs. In nature fish school, birds flock and bugs swarm not only for reproduction but for other reasons such as finding food and escaping predators. Similar to birds seek to find food, the optimum design process seeks to find the optimum solution. In the particle swarm optimization each particle in the swarm represents a candidate solution of the optimum design problem. The design algorithm presented selects sections for the members of steel frame from the complete list of sections given in LRFD- AISC (Load and Resistance Factor Design, American Institute of Steel Construction). Besides, the design constraints are implemented from the specifications of the same code which covers serviceability and strength limitations. The optimum design algorithm developed is used to design number of rigid and semi-rigid steel frames.
Celestino, João Cláudio. "Atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato, em arroz cultivado em solo proveniente de áreas sob diferentes preparos, água e doses de nitrogênio /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98879.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Elizabeth Orika Ono
Banca: Leandro Ferreira de Aguiar
Resumo: A assimilação do nitrogênio é um processo vital que controla o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas e tem efeitos marcantes sobre a fitomassa e a produtividade final das culturas. A rota de assimilação do nitrato em plantas superiores envolve dois estágios seqüenciais, conversão do nitrato a nitrito pela redutase do nitrato (NR) e nitrito a amônio, mediada pela enzima redutase do nitrito (NiR). O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a atividade da enzima NR em arroz cv. IAC 202 conduzido sob solo proveniente de áreas de sistema de plantio direto e plantio em solo escarificado, aliado a doses crescentes de nitrogênio (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125 kg.ha -1 ) em dois regimes hídricos. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos a céu aberto e as análises foram realizadas de acordo com método clássico in vivo. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram feitas três análises com intervalo de sete dias entre uma e outra e estas se iniciaram sete dias após a aplicação do N em cobertura. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a maior atividade da enzima está relacionada com a disponibilidade de água e ao tipo de manejo do solo (plantio direto).
Abstract: The assimilation of the nitrogen is a vital process that it controls the growth and the development of the plants and it has outstanding effects on the biomass and the final productivity of the crops. The pathway of assimilation of the nitrate in plants involves two sequential stage, one is reduction the nitrate to nitrite mediated by the nitrate reductase (NR) and reduction the nitrite to ammonium mediated by the enzyme nitrite reductase (NiR). In the present work objetivated to verify the enzyme NR activity in rice cv. IAC 202 plants cultivated in two conditions of handling of the soil, no-tillage and minimum tillage, and doses of Nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg.ha -1 ) on irrigation and without irrigation. The plants were cultivated in vases to open sky and the analyses were accomplished in agreement with method classic alive in. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four repetitions. It was made three evaluations in the interval of seven days; the analysis began seven days after the N application on covering. The largest activity of the enzyme is related with readiness of water and to the soil cultivation with the better performance was observed in no-tillage system.
Mestre
Rocha, José Henrique Tertulino. "Manejo de resíduos florestais e deficiência nutricional em duas rotações de cultivo de eucalipto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-05012018-182504/.
Повний текст джерелаThe forest residue management was highly studied in 90\'s yeas, when the minimal tillage was consolidated as the main technique to forest plantation in Brazil. Currently this issue has been discussed again. This because pressure to use of these forest residues as energy source has emerged. Due this fact is necessary a better comprehension of the effect of the forest residue removal and fertilizer application on the wood production sustainability. The main goal with this thesis was to understand the impact of the forest residue removal and the absence of fertilizer application, over two crop rotation, on the soil quality, tree growth, nutrient cycling and consequently on the wood production sustainability. The study was carried out at the Itatinga Forest Science Experimental Station of the ESALQ-USP. The experimental site was settled in 2004, with different timber harvest residues intensity and absence of fertilizer application with N, P, K, Ca and Mg. This plantation was conducted over 8 years (R1), and then, in 2012, it was reestablished (R2), reapplying all the treatments on the same plots. The results of this experiment were splitted out in 5 chapters. With the first one, our goal was to assess the effect of the treatments on the tree growth and to understand the effect of weather condition on the treatment\'s response. The forest residual removal reduced in 5 % the wood volume at 8 years of the R1. At 4 years old of the R2, the forest residue removal decreased 14 % the wood volume (p=0,001). This reduction in the wood volume even with fertilizer application indicated that another effect beyond the nutrient availability can impact the wood productivity. This way these effects were studied and had been showed in the follow chapters. In the chapter 2 we found that the forest residue removal reduced 25 % the soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top layer, this way reducing the microbial activity and increasing the Al availability. Beyond that, the forest residue removal reduced the soil C, N, P and S stocks over 1 m deep (Chapter 3). With the P fractionation (Chapter 4) a reduction of 40% in the labile P fraction was discovered. In the last chapter we assessed the effect of the fertilizer application on the net primary production (NPP) and on the nutrient cycling. The absence of P fertilizer reduced in 10 % the NPP, however did not affect in this partition. The absence of K fertilizer reduced in 63 % the NPP and reduced the allocation in the wood. The absence of K fertilizer also improved the litterfall production and reduced the nutrient retranslocation rate. The absence of N and P fertilizer application improved the retranslocation rate of these nutrients and reduced the litter layer decomposition rate.
Haddad, Yaël. "Propriétés structurelles de certaines fonctions booléennes." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077242.
Повний текст джерелаAlvarez, Nelfi Gertrudis Gonzalez. "Processos de burn-in e de garantia em sistemas coerentes sob o modelo de tempo de vida geral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-23102009-125323/.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work we consider three main topics. In the first two, we generalize some classical results on Reliability Theory related to the optimization in burn-in procedures and warranty policies, using the general lifetime model of a coherent system observed on the component level and extending the definitions of bathtub shaped failure rate and general failure model to progressively measurable processes under the complete pre-t-history. A monotone stopping rule is applied within the proposed methodology. In the third topic, we define the discounted warranty cost process for a coherent system minimally repaired on the component level and we propose a martingale estimator to the expected warranty cost for a fixed period and setting its asymptotic properties by means of Martingale Central Limit Theorem.
Cassamassimo, Ricardo Eugenio. "Dissipação e mobilidade dos herbicidas glifosato e oxifluorfen em um solo manejado no sistema de cultivo mínimo e florestado com Eucaliptus grandis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-18042006-162255/.
Повний текст джерелаGlyphosate and oxyfluorfen have been the main herbicides used for the control for the weed control in forest plantations. In this context, to evaluate the degradation and the leaching of glyphosate and oxyfluorfen in red-yellow latosols (oxisol) under minimum cultivation of the soil and planted with eucalyptus were the objectives of the present study. To do so, an experiment was carried out under field conditions in the Experimental Forest Science Station at Itatinga, ESALQ/USP (Itatinga SP). The analyses were performed under laboratory conditions at LARP/USP a laboratory of pesticide residues and chromatographic analyses. Oxyfluorfen was applied (960g a. i. ha-1) in (three repetitions) at the recommended dosage (4.0 L./ha-1) for the field conditions. Glyphosate (1440g a. i. ha-1) and oxyfluorfen (960g a. i. ha-1) were applied in three repetitions at the recommended dosage (4.0 L./ha-1) for the filed condition. The dissipation of the herbicides was evaluated by means of chromatography. Samples of litter, soil and soil solution were analyzed. In order to evaluate the herbicide rates in litter and in soil, samplings were performed three days before the herbicides application in the control and, in the other treatments, at the day of application (0), and at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 93 days after the application. litter and the following soil layer were sampled: 0-1, 1-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-10, 10-15, and 15-30 cm deep. In order to evaluate the herbicides leaching, samples of soil solution were collected in lisimeters activated by gravity (without tension) and by vacuum (with tension). The lisimeter activated by gravity was installed under the litter at 15, 50, and 100 cm deep; the other was installed at 15, 50, 100, and 300 cm deep. In order to evaluate the photodegradation of oxyfluorfen, the plots were installed under shade (shading net at 80%). The half-life of glyphosate in soil without litter was 10 days and in soil under litter was 47 days. The leaching of glyphosate in soil under litter was 36% smaller than in soil without litter. Because this effect, the risk of contamination of soils that have minimum cultivation are small. The concentration of glyphosate decrease while concentration of your principal metabolite (AMPA) increase during the first two week after application. Glyphosate was found in soil solution 8 days after application up to 15cm deep. The half-life of oxyfluorfen in soil without litter was 25 days and in soil under litter was 13 days. Oxyfluorfen was found at 5 cm deep in soil with litter and at 8 cm deep in soil without litter. In both situations the concentration was very low. Along the experiment, oxyfluorfen under shade was always higher than under sun, this proves the photo-degradation.
Rocha, José Henrique Tertulino. "Reflexos do manejo de resíduos florestais na produtividade, nutrição e fertilidade do solo em plantações de Eucalyptus grandis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-21032014-135230/.
Повний текст джерелаUntil the yers 80 forest residues were only seen as an impediment to reform operations of eucalyptus plantations. This fact led to the burning and incorporation of these residues. They had also the concept that eucalyptus needed an intensive soil preparation to achieve good yields. Currently these concepts no longer exist, and all forest areas are established under minimum tillage system of soil, but pressures on the use of these wastes are emerging. With the restrictions on land purchases and increases in the prices of fossil fuels, these wastes are being seen as an alternative source of energy in industries. Despite being a renewable energy source, the benefits of maintaining these residues in the field can not be forgotten. This study shows that areas managed under minimum tillage system, have the same timber production that managed areas under intensive cultivation system. The main advantage of the maintenance of forest residues on the soil, resulting in productivity gains in the short term is the reduction in the export of nutrients. Therefore, when these residues are removed, greater investment should be made with fertilization. To consider these aspects was also made a financial removing these residues. When considering only the cost of nutritional replacement, in many cases it is feasible to remove these residues, but other benefits of maintaining forest residues should not be forgotten. The protection of soil against erosion, reduction of evaporation of water on the road surface, increasing the content and quality of soil organic matter, the maintenance benefits are residues which do not result in gains in productivity are short and valuation difficult, however are extremely important. It has been observed that removal of forest residues reduces by 50% the oxidizable organic carbon from the surface layer of the soil, and that 75% of the reduction occurs in the more labile. This study also sought to understand the dynamics and the factors that influence the decomposition of forest residues. It was observed that the omission of N and P in the formation of a stand of eucalyptus did not influence the rate of decomposition of the waste, which was kept on the ground only litter because it was not observed changes in the chemical characteristics of this. The absence of liming reduced the initial rate of decomposition of forest residues. The average rate of decomposition of forest residues was 0.8. There were no major changes in the availability of soil nutrients due to the decomposition of forest residues as soon as nutrients are available, these are quickly absorbed by the trees, not modifying soil fertility.
Mille, Christian. "Templating and self-assembly of biomimetic materials." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för material- och miljökemi (MMK), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80459.
Повний текст джерелаAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted. Paper 5: Submitted.
Osorio, Luis Miguel Monroy. "Mínimo corte de carga em sistemas elétricos de potência sob contingência usando fluxo de potência ótimo reativo com dispositivos SVC." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2017.
Esta pesquisa propõe uma metodologia baseada no Fluxo de Potência Ótimo Reativo (FPOR), para a operação dos sistemas de transmissão sob emergência usando o mínimo corte de carga em associação com dispositivos Static VAr Compensator (SVC). O SVC é modelado pelo método da susceptância variável e inserido no problema do FPOR. A função multiobjetivo é formada em três partes, perdas de potência ativa, desvio da tensão e cortes de carga. Propõese um procedimento para calcular os valores dos pesos das funções de perdas e desvio da tensão sendo uma das contribuições deste trabalho. A função de mínimo corte de carga foi associada a uma variável que pode ser contínua ou binária, que corta uma porcentagem (contínua) ou a totalidade (binária) da potência da barra candidata, tratando-se assim como problemas de programação não linear (PNL) ou programação não linear inteira mista (PNLIM) respectivamente. O conjunto de barras candidatas ao corte de carga foi formado pelas barras críticas do sistema para cada situação de contingência e foi definido por meio de uma estratégia proposta neste trabalho para identificar as barras mais susceptíveis ao corte de carga. Para o tratamento das variáveis binárias do problema, foi usado o algoritmo Branch &Bound associado com o FPOR. A metodologia foi testada nos sistemas IEEE de 14 e 118 barras modificados para as diferentes situações de contingência simuladas neste trabalho.
This research proposes a methodology based on the Optimal Reactive Power Flow (ORPF) for the operation of the emergency transmission systems using the minimum load shedding in association with Static VAr Compensator (SVC) devices. The SVC was modeled as a variable susceptance and inserted in the ORPF problem. A multi-objective function was formed by three parts, namely, active power losses, voltage deviation and load shedding was device. Propose a procedure to calculate the values of the weights of the loss functions and the voltage deviation, one of the contributions of this research. The minimum load shedding function uses a variable that can be continuous or binary, which turns off a percentage (continuous) or all (binary) loads of candidate power buses, resulting in a Nonlinear Programming Problems (NLP) or Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) respectively. The critical buses of the system for each contingency formed the candidate set of buses for the load shedding and was defined by a strategy proposed in this research to identify the bus most susceptible to the load shedding. For the treatment of the binary variables of the problem, a Branch & Bound algorithms associated with the ORPF was used. This methodology was tested in the modified IEEE 14 and 118-bus systems for the different contingency situations simulated in this research.
Johannsen, Silke Skytte. "The effect of minimum tillage on stream diatom and macroinvertebrate communities : part of the European LIFE project : soil and surface water protection using conservation agriculture in northern and central Europe (SOWAP)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540900.
Повний текст джерелаNeto, Guilherme Luiz de Oliveira. "Superfícies Invariantes no Espaço Homogêneo Sol com Curvatura Constante." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7372.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this paper we studied surfaces with constant mean curvature and surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature in the Sol space which are invariant under the action of two one-parameter subgroups of isometries of the ambient space. Furthermore, we classify the surfaces that satisfy a relationship of type k1 = mk2, where k1 and k2 are the principal curvatures of the surface and m ∈ R.
O presente trabalho aborda um estudo das superfícies com curvatura média constante e das superfícies com curvatura Gaussiana constante no espaço Sol que são invariantes sob a ação de dois grupos a 1-parâmetro de isometrias do espaço ambiente. Além disso, classificamos as superfícies que satisfazem uma relação do tipo k1 = mk2, onde k1 e k2 são as curvaturas principais da superfície e m ∈ R.
Pereira, Rodrigo Gomes. "Componentes de produção da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) e atributos químicos do solo influenciados por diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/213.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Com o objetivo de (1) avaliar os efeitos de diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo sobre os componentes de produção da soja cultivada solteira e em consórcio com a Brachiaria decumbens e (2) avaliar os efeitos de sistemas de preparo sobre as propriedades químicas de um Latossolo Amarelo coeso distrófico, cultivado com soja em sistema solteiro e consorciado com a Brachiaria decumbens nos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Estado de Alagoas. Foi desenvolvido um experimento, composto por três sistemas de manejo do solo, no esquema em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Para alcançar o primeiro objetivo (Capítulo I), foi utilizada a variedade de soja Monsoy 9350 nos sistemas: preparo convencional do solo, cultivo mínimo e plantio direto. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: 1) cultura da soja: determinação dos estágios fenológicos; análise de macro e micronutrientes; stand de plantas; diâmetro do colmo; altura de plantas; altura de inserção da primeira vagem; número de vagens por planta; número de vagens contendo um, dois ou três grãos; número de grãos por planta, massa de 1000 grãos e produtividade. 2) B. decumbens: análise de macro e micronutrientes, além do acúmulo de matérias seca em cinco épocas de amostragens. No segundo objetivo (Capítulo II), os atributos químicos do solo foram utilizados para avaliar os sistemas de manejo do solo. As variáveis analisadas foram: pH, MO, P, K, Ca + Mg, H + Al, CTC, V % e m %. Todos os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância sendo as médias confrontadas pelo teste Tukey a 5 % de probabilidade. Nos dados referentes às coletas de matéria seca da B. decumbens foi realizada a análise de variância e aplicação da regressão. Os resultados do Capítulo I indicam que os sistemas de manejo do solo influenciam o stand de plantas, concentração de fósforo, cobre, ferro e zinco na soja Monsoy 9350; enxofre na Brachiaria decumbens; e nos primeiros estádios de desenvolvimento da soja. No Capítulo II, Os sistemas de preparo do solo não exerceram influência sobre: o pH nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm. As variáveis pH, MO, K, Ca+Mg e V % apresentam redução significativo de suas médias em função do aumento da profundidade de amostragem. O consórcio soja X Brachiaria decumbens proporciona aumentos estatisticamente significativos nos teores de potássio nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm.
Cysne, JÃnior RÃgis Batista. "Comportamento do milho e feijÃo-caupi em rotaÃÃo e diferentes coberturas vegetais no semiÃrido nordestino." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8279.
Повний текст джерелаRestos de culturas e outros materiais vegetais tÃm sido usados como cobertura morta no sistema de plantio direto em vÃrias regiÃes do Brasil. No Nordeste essa prÃtica à pouco comum e existe desconhecimento sobre o comportamento dessas coberturas nas condiÃÃes do semiÃrido quanto à degradaÃÃo e seus efeitos sobre a produtividade das culturas e caracterÃsticas fÃsico-quÃmicas do solo. Uma pesquisa foi conduzida na Fazenda Lavoura Seca, QuixadÃ, CearÃ, com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de grÃos de milho (Zea mays L) e feijÃo-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) e algumas caracterÃsticas de um Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo quando submetido a um sistema de plantio direto em cinco tipos de cobertura morta provenientes de: vegetaÃÃo natural; milheto (Pennisetum americanum sin. tiphoydes); braquiÃria (Brachiaria brizantha); sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench); e do plantio convencional, em dois sistemas de rotaÃÃo de culturas SPD1 (feijÃo-caupi em sucessÃo ao milho) e SPD2 (milho em sucessÃo ao feijÃo-caupi). As coberturas mortas foram avaliadas quanto à duraÃÃo, taxa de decomposiÃÃo e seus efeitos sobre as caracterÃsticas do solo densidade, densidade de partÃculas, porosidade total, micro porosidade, macro porosidade e teor de umidade, na profundidade de zero a 20 cm, nos anos agrÃcolas 2008 e 2009. NÃo foram constatadas diferenÃas significativas entre a biomassa produzida pela vegetaÃÃo natural e a proporcionada pela braquiÃria, milheto e sorgo forrageiro no SPD1 e SPD2. A degradaÃÃo dos resÃduos no perÃodo de avaliaÃÃo foi maior onde o feijÃo-caupi foi sucedido pelo milho. A produtividade do milho nÃo diferiu entre as coberturas e plantio convencional em 2008 e 2009. A produtividade de grÃos do feijÃo-caupi foi maior no plantio convencional do que nos tratamentos com cobertura morta podendo ser atribuÃdo ao melhor controle das plantas daninhas no sistema convencional. As diferentes coberturas mortas proporcionaram aumento na densidade do solo e diminuiÃÃo na porosidade total e macro porosidade
Crops and others vegetal residues are used as death cover in minimum tillage in several regions of Brazil. In the Northeast this practice is not yet generalized and there is a poor knowledge about the plant residues degradation under semi-arid conditions and its effects on crop productivity and the physical and chemical soil characteristics. This work was carried out at Dry Farm Experimental Station, Quixada, Ceara, in order to evaluate the corn and cowpea yield growing under minimum tillage with two crop rotation systems, SPD1 (cowpea following corn) and SPD2 (corn following cowpea) and five types of death cover originated from natural vegetation, millet (Pennisetum americanum sin. tiphoydes); brachiaria grass (Brachiaria brizantha); forage sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and conventional tillage. It was also evaluated the effects of these rotation systems and deaths covers over soil density, particle density, micro and macro porosity, percentage of soil humidity at 20cm depth of a Red Yellow Argissol during 2008 and 2009. It was not found significant differences between the biomass yields of brachiaria grass, millet and sorghum in SPD1 and SPD2. The deaths cover degradation during the two years of evaluation was higher where the cowpea was followed by corn. The corn yield was not significantly different between the death covers and conventional tillage. The better cowpea yield under conventional tillage could be caused by a better weed control. The death cover tested increased the soil density and decreases the macro and total soil porosity
Lallement, Guénolé. "Extension of socs mission capabilities by offering near-zero-power performances and enabling continuous functionality for Iot systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0573.
Повний текст джерелаRecent developments in the field of low voltage integrated circuits (IC) have paved the way towards energy efficient electronic devices in a booming global network called the internet-of-things (IoT) or the internet-of-everything (IoE). However, the sustainability of all these inter- connected sensors is still undermined by the constant need for either an on-board battery – that must be recharged or replaced – or an energy harvester with very limited power efficiency. The power consumption of present consumer electronic systems is fifty times higher than the energy available by cm 2-size harvester or limited to a few months on a small battery, thus hardly viable for lifetime solutions. Upcoming systems-on-chip (SoCs) must overcome the challenge of this energy gap by architecture optimizations from technology to system level. The technical approach of this work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of an efficient ultra-low-voltage (ULV) and ultra-low-power (ULP) SoC using exclusively latest industrial guidelines in 28 nm and 22 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) technologies. Several multi-power-domain SoCs based on ARM cores are implemented to demonstrate wake up strategies based on sensors inputs. By optimizing the system architecture, properly selecting and designing compo- nents with technology features chosen adequately, carefully tuning the implementation, a fully energy-optimized SoC is realized
Charvátová, Pavlína. "Matematická simulace průběhu teplot v podzákladí a vytvoření modelu odpovídajícího reálnému stavu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433509.
Повний текст джерелаGRANATO, MICHELANGELO. "NUOVE FORME DI PATRIMONIALIZZAZIONE DELLE S.R.L. E FUNZIONE DEL CAPITALE SOCIALE NELLE SOCIETA' DI CAPITALI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11451.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation deals with legal capital and its function within the system of the Italian civil code rules for corporations. These rules have been recently amended both in Italy and in other European Countries, in particular with respect to the non-stock company forms (limited liability company, Italian s.r.l.). The first Chapter addresses some theoretical and practical issues raised by the early scholarly works that have analyzed the new financing schemes for the Italian s.r.l. The second Chapter discusses the traditional approaches to legal capital and provides evidence that such approaches prove inadequate to resolve the corporate and capitalistic questions that legal capital poses. The third Chapter draws the key argument of the dissertation: legal capital is a rule that fulfills corporate governance goals. It allocates powers and responsibilities regarding the financial structure of the firm and reaffirms the proprietary, shareholder oriented, European approach. This is a typical feature of all corporations, public stock corporations and private close corporations, and stems from limited liability. Further, the dissertation compares the creditor protection rules against the value maximization principle. A rule-based, ex ante approach appears more desirable and a potentially effective and flexible legal strategy can be found in the new legal reserve.
Li, Haixiao. "Impact à long terme du travail du sol sur le cycle biogéochimique du phosphore : analyse de l'essai L'Acadie (Québec, Canada) et modélisation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27564.
Повний текст джерелаThe no-till (NT) is gaining great attention for soil preparation. This practice modifies number of soil properties such as the distribution of phosphorus (P) in the soil profile. This work aims to analyze the impacts on the biogeochemical P cycle after decades of NT and to incorporate those effects in an operational model. We used a long-term field experiment under corn-soybean rotation established on a clay loam soil (L’Acadie, Quebec, Canada). The design was a split-plot plan with 4 blocks under moldboard plough (MP) and NT as main plots, subdivided by 3 doses of P [0 (0P), 17.5 (0.5P), 35 (1P) kg P ha⁻¹] applied in corn phase and localized to 5-cm deep and 5-cm from the corn row, as sub-plots. The phosphate ion concentration under MP was relatively constant (0.08 mg P L⁻¹) in the tilled layer (0-20 cm), slightly lower in 20-30 cm (0.05 mg P L⁻¹) and much lower below (0.01 mg P L⁻¹). In [NT, 0.5P] and [NT, 1P] plots, Cp was higher (0.28 et 0.19 mg P L⁻¹) in the 0-10 cm layer compared to the tilled layer in MP, but decreased sharply with depth. This vertical stratification in NT was also observed for P-Olsen, P-M3 and other nutrients as C, N, and K. After 23- and 24-year of experimentation, maize roots tended to be fewer (-14%) under NT than MP, probably because of increased weed infestation under NT. For soybean, more roots accumulated in the 0-10 cm layer under NT (44% of total length) than MP (21%) and vice versa for the 10-20 cm layer. Those differences in root distribution under NT and MP corresponded to the stratification of N, P, and K. This data set on the distribution of roots and phosphorus was used i) to develop a 1D model describing P dynamics over several decades in MP, ii) to test a method to assess the spatial P uptake distribution according local root length density and soil P availability, and iii) to develop a spatial 2D model describing P dynamic in NT. This model simulates the soil P availability dynamic on long term according soil properties and crop root distribution within the soil profile for different soil preparation regimes and P fertilization rates. Although the model overestimates the P availability near the localized P fertilizer, it can predict soil P stratification in the NT treatment and its consequences on crop P uptake. This new model will be a useful tool to improve P fertilization management in context of no-till practices. Keywords: tillage, no-till, direct drilling, conservation agriculture, phosphate fertilizer, agro-systems, stocks and flows, root interception, soil fertility, P budget.
Chang, Yung-Tai, and 張永泰. "An Effective Obstacle-Avoiding Rectilinear Steiner Minimal Tree Construction Algorithm in SOC Designs." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14165583098123314983.
Повний текст джерела中原大學
資訊工程研究所
95
Routing is always an important problem in physical designs. Today’s design often contains rectilinear obstacles, like pre-routed net, IP blocks and hard macros. Therefore, how to construct an obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimal tree becomes a very practical problem. In this paper we present an effective algorithm for obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner tree construction. First, we construct a non-uniform routing grid, then we convert it to an escape graph. Second, we build an obstacle-weighted minimum spanning tree as a guidance to construct OARSMT on an escape graph. Finally, applying Dijkstra's algorithm for routing and a refinement technique is applied during the routing process to further reduce the wire length. We implement our program in 14 testcases, the experimental results show that comparing to several state-of-the-art works the average total wire length is reduced 0.96%~21.25% and it achieves the shortest average total wire length. Using escape graph instead of non-uniform routing grid achieves 0.33% improvement of average total wire length and using OWMST instead of MST achieves 0.35% improvement of average total wire length. The U-shaped redundant segment removal refines 1.45% of total wire length. The algorithm proposed in this thesis is effective for obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimal tree problems.
Forget, Samuel. "Allocation universelle et libertarisme." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14280.
Повний текст джерелаSicard-Dequoy, Sébastien. "Contre le libertarianisme de droite : l’accès aux ressources pour une justice minimale." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9834.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper is based on a crucial question of social justice: when does the private property stop to be morally legitimate? This paper will defend a universal right to have access to all the resources needed for the acquisition of a personal autonomy. Therefore, when the private properties of some people prevent others to gain a sufficient access to the resources they need, we have to institute a system of wealth redistribution in order to compensate the prejudice of loosing access to the resources. Furthermore, it is possible to substitute the right to resources by a group of basic opportunities, such as an education system accessible without indebtedness. Since the basic opportunities grant an access to personal autonomy, people do not need to have access to resources anymore. Therefore, private properties are legitimate if and only if there is a system of wealth redistribution ensuring that everyone has an access to the basic opportunities. In this paper, every conclusion concerning the wealth redistribution is bound to minimal justice. In other words, if a society fails to grand access to the basic opportunities, this society is necessarily unjust. To ensure that ours conclusions are bound to minimal justice, we will also demonstrate their consistency with right libertarianism. Although, every conclusion concerning basic opportunities come from the no harm principle and the full self-ownership, the two basis of right libertarianism.
Meyer, James Sampson. "The genealogy of minimalism Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, Donald Judd, Sol LeWitt and Robert Morris /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36368253.html.
Повний текст джерелаLefebvre, Luce. "Le questionnement de la rationalité dans l'art minimal et le déplacement de l'esthétique au politique à partir de Deleuze et Adorno." Thèse, 2005. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2140/1/D1343.pdf.
Повний текст джерела(9158723), Supriyo Maji. "Efficient Minimum Cycle Mean Algorithms And Their Applications." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMinimum cycle mean (MCM) is an important concept in directed graphs. From clock period optimization, timing analysis to layout optimization, minimum cycle mean algorithms have found widespread use in VLSI system design optimization. With transistor size scaling to 10nm and below, complexities and size of the systems have grown rapidly over the last decade. Scalability of the algorithms both in terms of their runtime and memory usage is therefore important.
Among the few classical MCM algorithms, the algorithm by Young, Tarjan, and Orlin (YTO), has been particularly popular. When implemented with a binary heap, the YTO algorithm has the best runtime performance although it has higher asymptotic time complexity than Karp's algorithm. However, as an efficient implementation of YTO relies on data redundancy, its memory usage is higher and could be a prohibitive factor in large size problems. On the other hand, a typical implementation of Karp's algorithm can also be memory hungry. An early termination technique from Hartmann and Orlin (HO) can be directly applied to Karp's algorithm to improve its runtime performance and memory usage. Although not as efficient as YTO in runtime, HO algorithm has much less memory usage than YTO. We propose several improvements to HO algorithm. The proposed algorithm has comparable runtime performance to YTO for circuit graphs and dense random graphs while being better than HO algorithm in memory usage.
Minimum balancing of a directed graph is an application of the minimum cycle mean algorithm. Minimum balance algorithms have been used to optimally distribute slack for mitigating process variation induced timing violation issues in clock network. In a conventional minimum balance algorithm, the principal subroutine is that of finding MCM in a graph. In particular, the minimum balance algorithm iteratively finds the minimum cycle mean and the corresponding minimum-mean cycle, and uses the mean and cycle to update the graph by changing edge weights and reducing the graph size. The iterations terminate when the updated graph is a single node. Studies have shown that the bottleneck of the iterative process is the graph update operation as previous approaches involved updating the entire graph. We propose an improvement to the minimum balance algorithm by performing fewer changes to the edge weights in each iteration, resulting in better efficiency.
We also apply the minimum cycle mean algorithm in latency insensitive system design. Timing violations can occur in high performance communication links in system-on-chips (SoCs) in the late stages of the physical design process. To address the issues, latency insensitive systems (LISs) employ pipelining in the communication channels through insertion of the relay stations. Although the functionality of a LIS is robust with respect to the communication latencies, such insertion can degrade system throughput performance. Earlier studies have shown that the proper sizing of buffer queues after relay station insertion could eliminate such performance loss. However, solving the problem of maximum performance buffer queue sizing requires use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) of which runtime is not scalable. We formulate the problem as a parameterized graph optimization problem where for every communication channel there is a parameterized edge with buffer counts as the edge weight. We then use minimum cycle mean algorithm to determine from which edges buffers can be removed safely without creating negative cycles. This is done iteratively in the similar style as the minimum balance algorithm. Experimental results suggest that the proposed approach is scalable. Moreover, quality of the solution is observed to be as good as that of the MILP based approach.
SVOBODOVÁ, Olga. "Posouzení obsahu a kvality humusu u rozdílných technologií zpracování půdy." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81292.
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