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Готові списки джерел за темами / Soft lubrication

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Soft lubrication"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Soft lubrication":

1

Pandey, Anupam, Stefan Karpitschka, Cornelis H. Venner, and Jacco H. Snoeijer. "Lubrication of soft viscoelastic solids." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 799 (June 23, 2016): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.375.

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Lubrication flows appear in many applications in engineering, biophysics and nature. Separation of surfaces and minimisation of friction and wear is achieved when the lubricating fluid builds up a lift force. In this paper we analyse soft lubricated contacts by treating the solid walls as viscoelastic: soft materials are typically not purely elastic, but dissipate energy under dynamical loading conditions. We present a method for viscoelastic lubrication and focus on three canonical examples, namely Kelvin–Voigt, standard linear and power law rheology. It is shown how the solid viscoelasticity affects the lubrication process when the time scale of loading becomes comparable to the rheological time scale. We derive asymptotic relations between the lift force and the sliding velocity, which give scaling laws that inherit a signature of the rheology. In all cases the lift is found to decrease with respect to purely elastic systems.

2

Wang, Leizhen, Wen Wang, Shangjun Chen, and Yujian Bai. "Study on Lubricating Performance of Soft Slider Bearing in Conformal Contact." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2355, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2355/1/012074.

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ABSTRACT In this paper, the lubricating performance of soft slider bearing in conformal contact is analyzed. Compared with the hard slider, the soft slider will have greater elastic deformation under low pressure. Three kinds of sliders with different elastic modulus are used for comparative study in this paper. The materials of the three sliders are: steel, glass and PMMA. A hydrodynamic lubrication model of conformal contact considering elastic deformation is established according to the theory of fluid lubrication. A program for calculating dynamic pressure lubrication performance of conformal contact considering elastic deformation is developed by using Matlab and Comsol. The influence of different inclination, different speed and different load on hydrodynamic lubrication performance was studied respectively. The results show that under the same conditions, the elastic deformation on the surface of the slider is more conducive to the formation of oil film, and more conducive to the conditions of high load.

3

Andablo-Reyes, Efrén, Juan de Vicente, Roque Hidalgo-Álvarez, Connor Myant, Thomas Reddyhoff, and Hugh A. Spikes. "Soft Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication." Tribology Letters 39, no. 1 (May 29, 2010): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-010-9623-3.

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4

Masjedi, M., and MM Khonsari. "Mixed lubrication of soft contacts: An engineering look." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 2 (August 5, 2016): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650116652286.

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Mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication of materials with low elastic modulus (soft materials) is investigated. Expressions for prediction of film thickness and the asperity load ratio in soft line-contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication are presented. The traction behavior of soft contact in mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime is also studied in terms of the Stribeck curves.

5

Wongseedakaew, Khanittha, and Jesda Panichakorn. "Rough Air-Soft Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 420 (September 2013): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.420.30.

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This paper presents the effects of rough surface air-soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) of rollers for soft material under the effect of air molecular slip. The time independent modified Reynolds equation and elasticity equation were solved numerically using finite different method, Newton-Raphson method and multigrid multilevel methods were used to obtain the film pressure profiles and film thickness in the contact region. The effects of amplitude of surface roughness, modulus of elasticity and air inlet temperature are examined. The simulation results showed surface roughness has effect on film thickness but it little effect to air film pressure. When the amplitude of surface roughness and modulus of elasticity increased, the air film thickness decreased but air film pressure increased. However, the air inlet temperature increased when the air film thickness increased.

6

Kim, Andrew T., Jongwon Seok, John A. Tichy, and Timothy S. Cale. "Soft Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication With Roughness." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 2 (March 19, 2003): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1494100.

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A “soft” elastohydrodynamic lubrication model for a conformal one-dimensional sliding contact is presented. We describe surface-surface and fluid-surface interactions in conditions where asperities are in direct contact (mixed lubrication), and the effective film thickness is comparable in size to the roughness of the bounding surfaces. In the conditions considered, surfaces have a low elastic modulus, and fluid pressures have a low magnitude, relative to those found in most tribology applications. An interesting coupling is exhibited between the surface roughness, the global elasticity, and the fluid pressure. As opposed to typical tribological applications in conformal mixed lubrication contact, fluid pressure is strong enough to cause significant elastic displacement of the mean boundary surfaces. The deformation is taken into account in an iterative process to compute the resulting spatially dependent stresses, deformations and fluid pressures.

7

Zhu, Zenghao, Rungun Nathan, and Qianhong Wu. "Multi-scale soft porous lubrication." Tribology International 137 (September 2019): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.05.003.

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8

Dedinaite, A., T. Pettersson, B. Mohanty, and P. M. Claesson. "Lubrication by organized soft matter." Soft Matter 6, no. 7 (2010): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b918415e.

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9

de Vicente, J., J. R. Stokes, and H. A. Spikes. "Soft lubrication of model hydrocolloids." Food Hydrocolloids 20, no. 4 (June 2006): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2005.04.005.

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10

Sarkar, Anwesha, Efren Andablo-Reyes, Michael Bryant, Duncan Dowson, and Anne Neville. "Lubrication of soft oral surfaces." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 39 (February 2019): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2019.01.008.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Soft lubrication":

1

Budt, Michael [Verfasser]. "Computational homogenization framework for soft elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication / Michael Budt." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021185973/34.

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2

Wang, Ducai. "Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of point contacts for layers of "soft" solids and for "monolithic" "hard" materials in the transient bouncing ball problem." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680199.

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3

Wennehorst, Bengt [Verfasser]. "On lubrication and friction in soft rough conformal sliding contacts : experimental and theoretical contributions to the discussion on elastomer shaft seal tribology / Bengt Wennehorst." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/112866626X/34.

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4

Poledník, Radim. "Mazání plastových převodů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-379038.

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The purpose of this diploma thesis is to describe the influence of input parameters (rolling speed, load, temperature, dynamic viscosity and pressure coefficient of the lubricant) on film thickness in point and elliptical contacts using optical interferometry. Regression based film thickness formula has been obtained using universal form of non-dimensional parameters of entrainment speed U, load W and material G. Equations were also complemented by the function of ellipticity k. New regression formulas for central and minimum film thickness have been compared with existing EHL thickness equations. These film thickness measurement and new regression formulas have applicability to our understanding of the performance and more effective design of lubricated gears from polymeric materials.

5

Kopecz-Muller, Caroline. "Mécanique de films d'hydrogels : instabilités induites par le gonflement, effets de taille finie, de la rhéologie sans contact à une déshydratation induite par indentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0029.

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Dans ce manuscrit, nous étudions la réponse mécanique de films minces d'hydrogel sous plusieurs angles, incluant celui d’instabilités de la surface libre, d’indentation de la surface au moyen d’un fluide et de situations proches du contact de Hertz. Un premier chapitre préliminaire est consacré à la présentation des concepts de base utilisés dans cette thèse. Ensuite, dans une première partie, nous nous intéressons à des instabilités de surface induites par gonflement, que l'on observe à la fois sur des hydrogels gonflés et sur des films séchés. Nous analysons la formation de motifs comme le résultat d'un important gonflement anisotrope des films qui sont attachés à une surface, suivi du séchage de la surface libre de l'hydrogel de polymères, d'ores et déjà déstabilisée. Dans une deuxième partie, nous développons un modèle poroélastique pour décrire la réponse mécanique d'un hydrogel perméable soumis à un quelconque champ de pression possédant une symétrie axiale, dans un cas général. Aussi bien le cas d'une épaisseur infinie que les effets de taille finie sont étudiés et comparés. Dans une troisième partie, nous utilisons ce cadre théorique pour aborder le problème spécifique du couplage entre poroélasticité et lubrification, rencontré dans le cadre de techniques en sonde colloïdale et sans contact. Nous aboutissons théoriquement aux composantes dissipative et conservative de la force résultant du mouvement vertical d'une sphère au voisinage du substrat poroélastique. Ces résultats théoriques sont confrontés à des résultats expérimentaux de Microscopie à Force Atomique (AFM) en sonde colloïdale, obtenus sur un hydrogel épais et gonflé. Dans une dernière partie, nous mettons en évidence une succession de réponses mécaniques de la part d'hydrogels gonflés, avec des expériences d'Appareil à Forces de Surface (SFA). Partant d'un régime dénué d'interactions entre la sonde et le gel, la surface de l'hydrogel subit d'abord une faible déformation, dans un régime en lubrification. Enfin, nous montrons qu'à température ambiante la contrainte mécanique imposée déclenche par déshydratation la transition vitreuse du polymère. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats obtenus montrent que la réponse poroélastique est caractérisée par une transition dans le temps allant d’un comportement purement élastique et incompressible à un comportement purement élastique et compressible
In this manuscript, we study the mechanical response of hydrogel thin films from different perspectives, including free-surface instability, fluid-mediated surface indentation and Hertz-like contact situations. A first, preliminary Chapter is deduced to the introduction of basic concepts used is this thesis. Then, in a first part, we focus on swelling-induced surface instabilities that are observed on both swollen hydrogels and dried polymer films. The different observed morphologies are characterized by shape and spacing. We analyse the pattern formation as the result of an important anisotropic swelling of surface-attached films, and a subsequent drying of the already-destabilized free surface of polymer hydrogel. In a second part, we develop a poroelastic model to describe the mechanical response of a permeable hydrogel to any axially-symmetric pressure field, in a general case. Both the infinite-thickness case and finite-size effects are studied and compared. In a third part, we use the latter theoretical framework to address the specific poroelastic lubrication coupling associated with contactless colloidal-probe methods. We derive theoretically the conservative and dissipative components of the force associated with the oscillating vertical motion of a sphere close to the poroelastic substrate. We confront our theoretical results to colloidal-probe Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) experiments performed on a thick and swollen hydrogel. In a last part, we highlight a succession of several mechanical responses of swollen hydrogels, with Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) experiments. From a regime with no gel-probe interaction, the hydrogel first undergoes a gentle deformation of its surface in a lubricated regime. Then, the indentation of the probe in a contact regime forces the expulsion of the solvent from the polymer matrix. We finally show that, at room temperature, the imposed mechanical load triggers the dehydration-induced glass transition of the polymer. Overall, our results show that the poroelastic response is characterized by a transition in time from a purely elastic and incompressible behaviour to a purely elastic and compressible one

6

Acharya, Gopalakrishna. "Experimental investigation on impact of soot on performance of lubricating oil in compression ignition engines." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2017. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/7244.

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7

Balla, Santhosh Kumar. "Investigation of diesel soot mediated oils and additive package on wear." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2176.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 160 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-122).

8

Zeidan, Michael. "Colloidal aggregation with application to soot mediated lubricating fluids : a multi-level simulation approach." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432657.

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9

Nectoux, Eric F. "Generation of functionalised carbon blacks to act as engine soot mimics in crankcase lubricating oil formulations." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445447.

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10

Ernesto, André. "Lubrification colloïdale de contacts DLC : du régime stationnaire au régime transitoire : application à la zone segments - piston - chemise." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0035/document.

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Les enjeux écologiques liés au réchauffement climatique, et plus généralement la lutte contre la pollution, ont occasionné une révolution sans précédent dans le domaine des transports. De nombreuses recherches portant sur l’identification de voies d’amélioration du rendement mécanique des moteurs à combustion interne ont été menées au cours de ces dernières décennies. Dans les moteurs Diesel, le contact Segments-Piston-Chemise (SPC) représente à lui seul près de 40 % des pertes d’énergie par frottement mécanique totales du moteur. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre général de la lubrification des moteurs Diesel en présence de suies et s’intéresse plus particulièrement au poste SPC pour des contacts Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) lubrifiés. Ce travail de thèse s’appuie sur des outils de tribométrie originaux pour reproduire les cinématiques particulières des contacts impliqués au niveau de la segmentation. Cette thèse s’attache à identifier l’influence d’un lubrifiant vieilli en fonctionnement sur les mécanismes de lubrification et les mécanismes de frottement associés de couches minces dures de type DLC, en balayant l’ensemble des régimes de lubrification pour des conditions stationnaires et transitoires. Les revêtements DLC développés dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse ont permis de diminuer significativement le frottement limite en conditions stationnaires et transitoires. La déstructuration du lubrifiant via la formation d’agrégats, générés par le passage des suies, ou par une annulation temporaire de la vitesse d’entraînement représentative des cinématiques de contact observées en zone SPC, sont gouvernés par le triptyque, lubrifiant, surface et cinématique de contact. Enfin, l’analyse de la réponse tribologique de l’interface lubrifiée en conditions stationnaires et transitoires permet à la modélisation théorique du frottement lors d’un cycle complet de glissement à vitesses variables
Ecological issues related to global warming, and more generally the reduction of pollution, have lead to a major revolution in the field of transport. Considerable research work has been carried out during the past decades in order to improve the mechanical efficiency of internal combustion engines. In Diesel engines, almost 40 % of total engine energy losses due to mechanical friction occur in the Piston rings-Piston-Cylinder contact (PPC). The overall framework of this PhD thesis is Diesel engine lubrication in presence of soot and this work focuses more particularly on Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) lubricated contacts for PPC region. Unique tribometry tools are used to reproduce the particular contact kinematics involved in the piston assembly. This thesis aims to identify the influence of an aged lubricant on the lubrication and friction mechanisms of DLC hard coatings for all lubrication regimes in steady-state and transient conditions. DLC coatings developed during this thesis significantly reduce the boundary friction in steady-state and transient conditions. The lubricant destructuring due to aggregate formation, generated by the passage of soot, or by a temporary vanishing of the entrainment speed, are governed by the triplet, lubricant, surface and contact kinematics. Finally, the analysis of the tribological response of the lubricated interface in steady-state and transient conditions leads to the theoretical modeling of the friction during a complete cycle of sliding at variable velocities

Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Soft lubrication":

1

Cheng, Wen-Chieh, Ge Li, and Dominic E. L. Ong. "Lubrication characteristics of pipejacking in soft alluvial deposits." In Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground. 2nd Edition, 12–18. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003355595-2.

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2

Cheng, Wen-Chieh, and Ge Li. "Factors Affecting Lubrication of Pipejacking in Soft Alluvial Deposits." In Innovative Solutions for Soil Structure Interaction, 121–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34252-4_10.

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3

Stupkiewicz, Stanisław. "Finite Wear and Soft Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication: Beyond the Classical Frictional Contact of Soft Solids." In Contact Modeling for Solids and Particles, 125–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90155-8_3.

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4

Ajayi, O. O., A. Erdemir, J. H. Hsieh, R. A. Erck, and F. A. Nichols. "Boundary Lubrication of Ceramic Materials by Soft Metallic Coatings and Synthetic Oil." In 4th International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines, 1203–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2882-7_136.

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5

Kudish, Ilya I., and Sergei S. Volkov. "One Case of a Lubrication Problem for a Line Contact of Elastic Solids with Soft Double Coatings." In Solid Mechanics, Theory of Elasticity and Creep, 207–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18564-9_15.

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6

Thate, A., Wolfgang Mach, and J. Bölter. "Soot in Used Oils." In Encyclopedia of Lubricants and Lubrication, 1930–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22647-2_40.

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7

Hongbin, Liu, Li Lun, Xue Yujun, Li JiShun, and Ma Wei. "Effect of Different Textured Surfaces on Lubricating Characteristics of Area Contact Friction Pairs." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 597–606. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10430-5_46.

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8

"Hard-Soft Contact." In Encyclopedia of Lubricants and Lubrication, 789. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22647-2_100304.

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9

Hooke, C. J. "Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Soft Solids." In Elastohydrodynamics - '96 Fundamentals and Applications in Lubrication and Traction, Proceedings of the 23rd Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology held in the Institute of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 185–97. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8922(08)70448-6.

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10

Ouyang, Chuke, Jile Jiang, Lei Shan, Wenpeng Jia, Yonggang Meng, and Yu Tian. "Influence of Friction on Magnetorheological Effect." In Magnetic Soft Matter, 229–49. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839169755-00229.

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The magnetorheological effect (MR effect) used to be believed to be dominated by magnetic dipole interactions among carbonyl iron particles. In this chapter, friction as an important factor is introduced in the MR effect. The shear history effect of MR fluids was ascribed to not yet relaxed pre-formed chain/column structure. At certain conditions, the stick-slip effect in MR fluids could be found, which is similar to the general observation in general sliding friction. The influence on rheology of MR fluids from the lubrication performances of the carrier fluid was fully demonstrated. A better lubrication of base oil usually led to a decreased shear strength of the MR fluid under the same field strength. The ‘cross point’ of the damping factor (tan δ) of the MRF was found, which suggested two kinds of friction influencing MR effects. The shear thickening of the MR fluid and its tribological mechanism was also introduced. All these results clearly indicated that friction played important roles in the magnetorheology by affecting the force transmission at the particle–particle interface and particle–electrode interface.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Soft lubrication":

1

de Vicente, J., H. A. Spikes, and J. R. Stokes. "Soft EHL Lubrication of Complex Multiphase Fluids." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64272.

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The lubrication properties of a series of multiphase water-based fluids of complex rheology and microstructure, including o/w emulsions, have been studied in a rolling-sliding steel ball-on-elastomer flat contact. The results show that friction curves of Newtonian fluids made over a wide range of entrainment speeds and viscosity can be used to identify the prevailing mechanisms of lubrication for more complex fluids and, for emulsions, to show the predominant film-forming phase.

2

Lee, S., and N. D. Spencer. "Influence of Surface Modification on Aqueous Lubrication of Elastomers." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63234.

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Water is generally not an efficient lubricant for most tribosystems due to its extremely low pressure-coefficient of viscosity. This barrier is less important, however, when elastomers are employed as tribopairs, since a low-pressure, conformal contact is readily achieved under these conditions, and thus the isoviscous-elastic lubrication (or soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication, “soft EHL”) mechanism can be activated. Isoviscous-elastic lubrication does not necessitate the increase of viscosity under pressure. The aqueous lubrication of elastomers, however, requires a careful control of surface properties of tribopairs since hydrophobic interactions between the sliding surfaces in water can result in the failure of lubricating films to form at low sliding speeds. In this context, we have investigated the influence of surface modification of an elastomer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), on its aqueous lubrication properties. A dramatic reduction in frictional forces has been observed upon hydrophilization by oxygen-plasma treatment when PDMS was slid against PDMS in an aqueous environment. A similar effect was also observed when the PDMS surface was coated with a variety of copolymers that possess amphiphilic characteristics. This effect is attributed to the removal of the strong hydrophobic interaction between PDMS surfaces in water, thereby enabling the soft EHL mechanism to predominate. This study demonstrates the significance of surface modification in allowing effective soft EHL of an elastomer to take place.

3

Shinkarenko, Alexey, Yuri Kligerman, and Izhak Etsion. "Partial Elastomer Texturing in Soft Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication." In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71235.

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A dimensionless theoretical model of Soft Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication (SEHL) between partially textured elastomer and rigid counterpart is developed. The model consists of a soft elastomer with partial Laser Surface Texturing (LST) and an absolutely rigid and smooth counterpart moving relatively to each other in the presence of viscous lubricant. The elastomer surface is partially textured at its leading edge in the form of spherical micro-dimples. The pressure distribution in the fluid film and the elastic deformations of the elastomer are obtained from a simultaneous solution of the Reynolds equation and the equation of linear elasticity, respectively. Friction force and load carrying capacity are evaluated by integration of the shear stress and pressure fields in the viscous fluid film, respectively. The main goal of the present work is to study the potential of the elastomer partial LST in SEHL to friction reduction.

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Miki, Akihiro, Yuta Sahara, Kazuhiro Miyama, Shunnosuke Yoshimura, Yoshimoto Ribayashi, Shun Hasegawa, Kento Kawaharazuka, Kei Okada, and Masayuki Inaba. "Designing Fluid-Exuding Cartilage for Biomimetic Robots Mimicking Human Joint Lubrication Function." In 2024 IEEE 7th International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robosoft60065.2024.10521920.

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Graham, Robin M., and Martine LaBerge. "Alternative Bearing Surfaces for Arthroplasty." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0357.

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Abstract Elastomeric materials have been suggested for use in total joint arthroplasty as an alternative to ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).1–2 As a bearing material operating under mixed lubrication regimes, UHMWPE is subject to wear. Wear particles cause an adverse tissue reaction eventually resulting in loosening of the prosthesis. The modulus of elasticity of the UHMWPE does not allow sufficient deformation of asperities which would increase the film thickness between the bearing surfaces and prevent wear. Elastomers, however, can deform under pressure and enhance lubrication by the formation of a fluid film through elastohydrodynamic and micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication.3 However, elastomeric coatings are subject to fatigue and debonding from their rigid substrates. To promote fluid film lubrication and prevent failure associated with the use of soft elastomeric bearings, a “true cushion” bearing was designed consisting of a soft elastomer sandwiched between a thin rigid coating and a thick rigid substrate of similar chemistry. This study was aimed at characterizing the frictional behavior of this construct in a lubricated environment as compared to UHMWPE and a non-coated soft elastomeric bearing.

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Mora, F., P. Sainsot, A. A. Lubrecht, and Y. le Chenadec. "Lubrication of 2D Soft Elasto Hydrodynamic Contacts: Extension of the Amplitude Reduction Theory." In ASME/STLE 2011 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2011-61013.

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This paper is an extension of the Amplitude Reduction Theory to soft ElastoHydrodynamic contacts. The ART permits a quantitative prediction of the influence of surface roughness on the lubricant film thickness modification as a function of the operating conditions.

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Yang, Bo, and Richard F. Salant. "Soft EHL Analysis of a Reciprocating Hydraulic Step Seal." In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71043.

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A numerical soft EHL (elastohydrodynamic lubrication) model of a reciprocating hydraulic step seal has been used to analyze seal performance. The model consists of coupled steady state fluid mechanics, deformation mechanics, contact mechanics and thermal analyses, with an iterative computational procedure. Results for a typical step seal are compared with those of a double lip U-cup seal.

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Moore, Caitlin, and Kurt Beschorner. "Effects of Varying Shoe Surface Roughness on COF Between Shoe and Floor Material in the Presence of a Liquid Contaminant." In STLE/ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2010-41179.

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Slip and fall accidents represent a serious occupational and public health concern. Yet, the tribological mechanisms that cause shoe and floor surfaces to be slippery are still not well understood. Previous attempts to model shoe-floor-contaminant friction under mixed-lubrication have ignored the effects of boundary lubrication. The purpose of this study was to examine the affect of roughness and viscosity on shoe-floor-contaminant lubrication by examining its effect on boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication. COF-velocity curves generated by a pin-on-disk tribometer were analyzed to determine the effects of roughness and viscosity on boundary and mixed lubrication. COF was collected under varying shoe roughness (7.3μm, 8.2μm, and 9.34μm), contaminant concentrations (water, 0.89cP; 1.5% diluted detergent, 1.28cP; 25% diluted glycerol, 1.9cP; 50% diluted glycerol, 5.54cP; and 75% diluted glycerol, 41cP), and speed (0.05–1.0m·sec−1). A single shoe material (polyurethane) and a single floor material (vinyl tile) were tested. Reduction in COF with increasing sliding speeds, consistent with regions of boundary and mixed lubrication were observed for all viscosities except the highest (41cP) and the lowest viscosity (water, 0.89cP). An exponential regression model was fit to the data to determine the effect of roughness and viscosity on the rate of COF decay, τhydro, and COF when velocity is 0, COFBL, indicative of boundary lubrication. τhydro was inferred to be a measure of the hydrodynamic lubricating effect. Fluid contaminant significantly affected both COFBL and τhydro. Post-hoc analyses revealed that COFBL decreased with higher concentrations of glycerol. τhydro was significantly higher under 1.28cP (diluted detergent) viscosity lubrication when compared to 1.9cP and 5.54cP (diluted glycerol) viscosity lubrication, indicating a slower rate of decrease. No significant effect of shoe material roughness on COFBL or τhydro was identified. Fluid contaminant had a significant effect on both boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication. The change in boundary lubrication coefficient of friction for varying lubricants was primarily attributed to a higher proportion of glycerol molecules, which is a much longer molecule than water, coating the shoe and floor surfaces. The hydrodynamic effect was significant between the glycerol-water lubrication compared to the lower viscosity, 1.5% detergent lubrication, which indicates that the higher viscosity fluids caused a greater rate of friction decrease. This effect is likely due to the wedge term effect of the Reynolds equation. Absence of roughness effects on both boundary and hydrodynamic variables could be due to the soft, shoe material deforming and therefore shoe roughness having a decreased affect on asperity interaction.

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Shinkarenko, Alexey, Yuri Kligerman, and Izhak Etsion. "The Effect of Laser Surface Texturing on Soft Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication Considering Non-Linear Elasticity." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59017.

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A non-linear theoretical model is presented to study the effect of laser surface texturing (LST) on the load carrying capacity in soft elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (SEHL). Both geometrical and physical non-linearity of the elastomer is considered by using a logarithmic strain and the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive law, respectively. The results of the present non-linear model are compared with those of a previous linear one over a wide range of operating conditions. It is found that the two models predict the same optimum LST parameters for maximum load capacity but the non-linear model gives load capacity that is up to 10% lower than that obtained from the linear model.

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Breugem, Wim-Paul. "A Combined Soft-Sphere Collision/Immersed Boundary Method for Resolved Simulations of Particulate Flows." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30634.

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A second-order accurate and efficient Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) has been developed for simulating particle-laden flows. Recently, this method has been combined with a soft-sphere collision model to accommodate inter-particle and particle-wall collisions. Details of the collision model are given. Results are shown from a lubrication study of non-touching particles at close distance from each other. The numerical results for the drag force acting on the particles agree well with exact solutions, except when the gap width between the particles becomes significantly smaller than the numerical grid spacing. For very small gap width, lubrication force corrections are proposed for the normal approach between particles based on asymptotic analytical solutions. Results are presented from a numerical study of sphere-wall collisions in a viscous fluid. The simulated behavior of the coefficient of restitution as function of the Stokes number based on the particle impact velocity, is in good agreement with experimental data.