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Статті в журналах з теми "SOFOG3D"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 5 жовтня 2024

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Dione, Cheikh, Martial Haeffelin, Frédéric Burnet, Christine Lac, Guylaine Canut, Julien Delanoë, Jean-Charles Dupont, et al. "Role of thermodynamic and turbulence processes on the fog life cycle during SOFOG3D experiment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 24 (December 21, 2023): 15711–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15711-2023.

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Abstract. In this study, we use a synergy of in situ and remote sensing measurements collected during the SOuthwest FOGs 3D experiment for processes study (SOFOG3D) field campaign in autumn and winter 2019–2020 to analyse the thermodynamic and turbulent processes related to fog formation, evolution, and dissipation across southwestern France. Based on a unique measurement dataset (synergy of cloud radar, microwave radiometer, wind lidar, and weather station data) combined with a fog conceptual model, an analysis of the four deepest fog episodes (two radiation fogs and two advection–radiation fogs) is conducted. The results show that radiation and advection–radiation fogs form under deep and thin temperature inversions, respectively. For both fog categories, the transition period from stable to adiabatic fog and the fog adiabatic phase are driven by vertical mixing associated with an increase in turbulence in the fog layer due to mechanical production (turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) up to 0.4 m2 s−2 and vertical velocity variance (σw2) up to 0.04 m2 s−2) generated by increasing wind and wind shear. Our study reveals that fog liquid water path, fog top height, temperature, radar reflectivity profiles, and fog adiabaticity derived from the conceptual model evolve in a consistent manner to clearly characterise this transition. The dissipation time is observed at night for the advection–radiation fog case studies and after sunrise for the radiation fog case studies. Night-time dissipation is driven by horizontal advection generating mechanical turbulence (TKE at least 0.3 m2 s−2 and σw2 larger than 0.04 m2 s−2). Daytime dissipation is linked to the combination of thermal and mechanical turbulence related to solar heating (near-surface sensible heat flux larger than 10 W m−2) and wind shear, respectively. This study demonstrates the added value of monitoring fog liquid water content and depth (combined with wind, turbulence, and temperature profiles) and diagnostics such as fog liquid water reservoir and adiabaticity to better explain the drivers of the fog life cycle.

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Marquet, Pascal, Pauline Martinet, Jean-François Mahfouf, Alina Lavinia Barbu, and Benjamin Ménétrier. "Towards the use of conservative thermodynamic variables in data assimilation: a case study using ground-based microwave radiometer measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 2021–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2021-2022.

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Abstract. This study aims at introducing two conservative thermodynamic variables (moist-air entropy potential temperature and total water content) into a one-dimensional variational data assimilation system (1D-Var) to demonstrate their benefits for use in future operational assimilation schemes. This system is assessed using microwave brightness temperatures (TBs) from a ground-based radiometer installed during the SOFOG3D field campaign, dedicated to fog forecast improvement. An underlying objective is to ease the specification of background error covariance matrices that are highly dependent on weather conditions when using classical variables, making difficult the optimal retrievals of cloud and thermodynamic properties during fog conditions. Background error covariance matrices for these new conservative variables have thus been computed by an ensemble approach based on the French convective scale model AROME, for both all-weather and fog conditions. A first result shows that the use of these matrices for the new variables reduces some dependencies on the meteorological conditions (diurnal cycle, presence or not of clouds) compared to typical variables (temperature, specific humidity). Then, two 1D-Var experiments (classical vs. conservative variables) are evaluated over a full diurnal cycle characterized by a stratus-evolving radiative fog situation, using hourly TB. Results show, as expected, that TBs analysed by the 1D-Var are much closer to the observed ones than the background values for both variable choices. This is especially the case for channels sensitive to water vapour and liquid water. On the other hand, analysis increments in model space (water vapour, liquid water) show significant differences between the two sets of variables.

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Martinet, Pauline, Domenico Cimini, Frédéric Burnet, Benjamin Ménétrier, Yann Michel, and Vinciane Unger. "Improvement of numerical weather prediction model analysis during fog conditions through the assimilation of ground-based microwave radiometer observations: a 1D-Var study." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 6593–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6593-2020.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the potential benefit of ground-based microwave radiometers (MWRs) to improve the initial state (analysis) of current numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems during fog conditions. To this end, temperature, humidity and liquid water path (LWP) retrievals have been performed by directly assimilating brightness temperatures using a one-dimensional variational technique (1D-Var). This study focuses on a fog-dedicated field-experiment performed over winter 2016–2017 in France. In situ measurements from a 120 m tower and radiosoundings are used to assess the improvement brought by the 1D-Var analysis to the background. A sensitivity study demonstrates the importance of the cross-correlations between temperature and specific humidity in the background-error-covariance matrix as well as the bias correction applied on MWR raw measurements. With the optimal 1D-Var configuration, root-mean-square errors smaller than 1.5 K (respectively 0.8 K) for temperature and 1 g kg−1 (respectively 0.5 g kg−1) for humidity are obtained up to 6 km altitude (respectively within the fog layer up to 250 m). A thin radiative fog case study has shown that the assimilation of MWR observations was able to correct large temperature errors of the AROME (Application of Research to Operations at MEsoscale) model as well as vertical and temporal errors observed in the fog life cycle. A statistical evaluation through the whole period has demonstrated that the largest impact when assimilating MWR observations is obtained on the temperature and LWP fields, while it is neutral to slightly positive for the specific humidity. Most of the temperature improvement is observed during false alarms when the AROME forecasts tend to significantly overestimate the temperature cooling. During missed fog profiles, 1D-Var analyses were found to increase the atmospheric stability within the first 100 m above the surface compared to the initial background profile. Concerning the LWP, the RMSE with respect to MWR statistical regressions is decreased from 101 g m−2 in the background to 27 g m−2 in the 1D-Var analysis. These encouraging results led to the deployment of eight MWRs during the international SOFOG3D (SOuth FOGs 3D experiment for fog processes study) experiment conducted by Météo-France.

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Falandry, C., I. Krakowski, H. Curé, E. Carola, P. Soubeyran, O. Guérin, and G. Freyer. "Trends in G-CSF Use in Geriatric Oncology: 2011 Afsos Sofog Survey." Annals of Oncology 23 (September 2012): ix501—ix502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-7534(20)34186-7.

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Bengrine, Leila, Naoual Bakrin, Frédérique Rousseau, Vincent Lavoué, and Claire Falandry. "Multi-Disciplinary Care Planning of Ovarian Cancer in Older Patients: General Statement—A Position Paper from SOFOG-GINECO-FRANCOGYN-SFPO." Cancers 14, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14051295.

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In this position paper the Société Francophone d’OncoGériatrie (SOFOG; French-speaking oncogeriatric society), the Société Française de Pharmacie Oncologique (SFPO, French society for oncology pharmacy), the Groupe d’Investigateurs Nationaux pour l’Étude des Cancers de l’Ovaire et du sein (GINECO, National Investigators’ Group for Studies in Ovarian and Breast Cancer) and the Groupe Français de chirurgie Oncologique et Gynécologique (FRANCOGYN) propose a multi-disciplinary care planning of ovarian cancer in older patients. The treatment pathway is based on four successive decisional nodes (diagnosis, resectability assessment, operability assessment, adjuvant, and maintenance treatment decision) implying multidisciplinarity and adaptation of the treatment plan according to the patient’s geriatric covariates and her motivation towards treatment. Specific attention must be paid to geriatric intervention, supportive care and pharmaceutical conciliation. Studies are needed to prospectively evaluate the impact of geriatric vulnerability parameters at each step of the treatment agenda and the impact of geriatric interventions on patient outcomes.

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Aparicio, Thomas, Florence Canouï-Poitrine, Philippe Caillet, Eric François, Tristan Cudennec, Elisabeth Carola, Gilles Albrand, et al. "Treatment guidelines of metastatic colorectal cancer in older patients from the French Society of Geriatric Oncology (SoFOG)." Digestive and Liver Disease 52, no. 5 (May 2020): 493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2019.12.145.

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Greillier, Laurent, Manon Gauvrit, Elena Paillaud, Nicolas Girard, Coline Montégut, Rabia Boulahssass, Marie Wislez, et al. "Targeted Therapy for Older Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Guidelines from the French Society of Geriatric Oncology (SoFOG) and the French-Language Society of Pulmonology (SPLF)/French-Language Oncology Group (GOLF)." Cancers 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030769.

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Systematic molecular profiling and targeted therapy (TKI) have changed the face of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, there are no specific recommendations to address the prescription of TKI for older patients. A multidisciplinary task force from the French Society of Geriatric Oncology (SoFOG) and the French Society of Pulmonology/Oncology Group (SPLF/GOLF) conducted a systematic review from May 2010 to May 2021. Protocol registered in Prospero under number CRD42021224103. Three key questions were selected for older patients with NSCLC: (1) to whom TKI can be proposed, (2) for whom monotherapy should be favored, and (3) to whom a combination of TKI can be proposed. Among the 534 references isolated, 52 were included for the guidelines. The expert panel analysis concluded: (1) osimertinib 80 mg/day is recommended as a first-line treatment for older patients with the EGFR mutation; (2) full-dose first generation TKI, such as erlotinib or gefitinib, is feasible; (3) ALK and ROS1 rearrangement studies including older patients were too scarce to conclude on any definitive recommendations; and (4) given the actual data, TKI should be prescribed as monotherapy. Malnutrition, functional decline, and the number of comorbidities should be assessed primarily before TKI initiation.

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Bell, Alistair, Pauline Martinet, Olivier Caumont, Frédéric Burnet, Julien Delanoë, Susana Jorquera, Yann Seity, and Vinciane Unger. "An optimal estimation algorithm for the retrieval of fog and low cloud thermodynamic and micro-physical properties." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 18 (September 26, 2022): 5415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5415-2022.

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Abstract. A new generation of cloud radars, with the ability to make observations close to the surface, presents the possibility of observing fog properties with better insight than was previously possible. The use of these instruments as part of an operational observation network could improve the prediction of fog events, something which is still a problem for even high-resolution numerical weather prediction models. However, the retrieval of liquid water content (LWC) profiles from radar reflectivity alone is an under-determined problem, something which ground-based microwave radiometer observations can help to constrain. In fact, microwave radiometers are not only sensitive to temperature and humidity profiles but are also known to be instruments of reference for the liquid water path. By providing the thermodynamic state of the atmosphere, to which the formation and evolution of fog events are highly sensitive, in addition to accurate liquid water path, which can be used to constrain the LWC retrieval from the cloud radar alone, combining microwave radiometers with cloud radars seems a natural next step to better understand and forecast fog events. To that end, a newly developed one-dimensional variational (1D-Var) algorithm designed for the retrieval of temperature, specific humidity and liquid water content profiles with both cloud radar and microwave radiometer (MWR) observations is presented in this study. The algorithm was developed to evaluate the capability of cloud radar and MWR to provide accurate LWC profiles in addition to temperature and humidity in view of assimilating the retrieved profiles into a 3D- and 4D-Var operational assimilation system. The algorithm is firstly tested on a synthetic dataset, which allows the evaluation of the developed algorithm in idealised conditions. This dataset was constructed by perturbing a high-resolution forecast dataset of fog and low-cloud cases by its expected errors. The algorithm is then tested with real data from the recent field campaign SOFOG-3D, carried out with the use of LWC measurements made from a tethered balloon platform. As expected, results from the synthetic dataset study were found to contain lower errors than those found from the retrievals on the dataset of real observations. It was found that LWC can be retrieved in idealised conditions with an uncertainty of less than 0.04 g m−3. With real data, as expected, retrievals with a good correlation (0.7) to in situ measurements were found but with a higher uncertainty than the synthetic dataset of around 0.06 g m−3 (41 %). This was reduced to 0.05 g m−3 (35 %) when an accurate droplet number concentration could be prescribed to the algorithm. A sensitivity study was conducted to discuss the impact of different settings used in the 1D-Var algorithm and the forward operator. Additionally, retrievals of LWC from a real fog event observed during the SOFOG-3D field campaign were found to significantly improve the operational background profiles of the AROME (Application of Research to Operations at MEsoscale) model, showing encouraging results for future improvement of the AROME model initial state during fog conditions.

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Falandry, Claire, Ivan Krakowski, Hervé Curé, Elisabeth Carola, Pierre Soubeyran, Olivier Guérin, Hélène Gaudin, and Gilles Freyer. "Impact of geriatric assessment for the therapeutic decision-making of breast cancer: results of a French survey. AFSOS and SOFOG collaborative work." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 168, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4607-8.

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Beauplet, Bérengère, Ophélie Soulie, Jean-Yves Niemier, Cécile Pons-Peyneau, Drifa Belhadi, Camille Couffignal, and Virginie Fossey-Diaz. "Dealing with the lack of evidence to treat depression in older patients with cancer: French Societies of Geriatric Oncology (SOFOG) and PsychoOncology (SFFPO) position paper based on a systematic review." Supportive Care in Cancer 29, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05682-9.

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Falandry, C., I. Krakowski, H. Curé, E. Carola, P. Soubeyran, O. Guérin, and G. Freyer. "Place of geriatric assessment in treatment decision in gynecologic oncology: A 2011 survey from the AFSOS (French Association for Supportive Care in Oncology) and the SOFOG (French OncoGeriatric Society) on 928 patients." Journal of Geriatric Oncology 3 (October 2012): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2012.10.047.

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Vishwakarma, Pragya, Julien Delanoë, Susana Jorquera, Pauline Martinet, Frederic Burnet, Alistair Bell, and Jean-Charles Dupont. "Climatology of estimated liquid water content and scaling factor for warm clouds using radar–microwave radiometer synergy." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 5 (March 9, 2023): 1211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1211-2023.

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Abstract. Cloud radars are capable of providing continuous high-resolution observations of clouds and now offer new capabilities within fog layers thanks to the development of frequency-modulated continuous-wave 95 GHz cloud radars. These observations are related to the microphysical properties of clouds. Power law relations in the form of Z=a⋅LWCb are generally used to estimate liquid water content (LWC) profiles. The constants a and b from the power law relation vary with the cloud type and cloud characteristics. Due to the variety of such parameterizations, selecting the most appropriate Z–LWC relation for a continuous cloud system is complicated. Additional information such as liquid water path (LWP) from a co-located microwave radiometer (MWR) is used to scale the LWC of the cloud profile. An algorithm for estimating the LWC of fog and warm clouds using 95 GHz cloud radar–microwave radiometer synergy in a variational framework is presented. This paper also aims to propose an algorithm configuration that retrieves the LWC of clouds and fog using radar reflectivity and a climatology of the power law parameters. To do so, variations in the scaling factor ln a (the logarithm of pre-factor a from power law relation) when MWR observations are available are allowed in each cloud profile to build a climatology of the scaling factor ln a that can be used when MWR observations are not available. The algorithm also accounts for attenuation due to cloud droplets. In this algorithm formulation, the measure of uncertainty in the observations, the forward model, and the a priori information of desired variables acts as weights in the retrieved quantities. These uncertainties in the retrieval are analyzed in the sensitivity analysis of the algorithm. The retrieval algorithm is first tested on a synthetic profile for different perturbations in sensitivity parameters. The sensitivity study has shown that this method is susceptible to LWP information because LWP is point information for the whole cloud column. By further investigating the sensitivity analysis of various biases in LWP information, it was found that it is beneficial to incorporate LWP, even if it is biased, rather than not assimilate any LWP. The algorithm is then implemented in various cloud and fog cases at the SIRTA observatory to estimate LWC and the scaling factor. The scaling factor (ln a) changes for each cloud profile, and the range of ln a is consistent with suggested values in the literature. The validation of such an algorithm is challenging, as we need reference measurements of LWC co-located with the retrieved values. During the SOFOG-3D campaign (southwest of France, October 2019 to March 2020), in situ measurements of LWC were collected in the vicinity of a cloud radar and a microwave radiometer, allowing comparison of retrieved and measured LWC. The comparison demonstrated that the cloud–fog heterogeneity played a key role in the assessment. The proposed synergistic retrieval algorithm is applied to 39 cloud and fog cases at SIRTA, and the behavior of the scaling factor is studied. This statistical analysis of scaling is carried out to develop a radar-only retrieval method. The climatology revealed that the scaling factor can be linked to the maximum reflectivity of the profile. From climatology, the statistical relations for the scaling factor are proposed for fog and clouds. Thanks to the variational framework, a stand-alone radar version of the algorithm is adapted from the synergistic retrieval algorithm, which incorporates the climatology of the scaling factor as a priori information to estimate the LWC of warm clouds. This method allows the LWC estimation using only radar reflectivity and climatology of the scaling factor.

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Antoine, Salomé, Rachel Honnert, Yann Seity, Benoît Vié, Frédéric Burnet, and Pauline Martinet. "Evaluation of an improved AROME configuration for fog forecasts during the SOFOG3D campaign." Weather and Forecasting, June 29, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-22-0215.1.

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Abstract This paper evaluates fog forecasts of a new AROME configuration dedicated to fog thanks to observations of the recent field campaign SOuth westFOGs 3Dimensions (SOFOG3D). This new configuration takes advantage of an upgraded horizontal and vertical resolution, of a 2-moment microphysical scheme (LIMA) and of the inclusion of a parametrization of the droplets deposition onto vegetation. A statistical study conducted over the 6 months of the SOFOG3D field campaign allowed the evaluation of the quality of fog forecasts produced by this new configuration to compare it to the current operational configuration of AROME. The main findings are as follows: the new configuration forecast more fog events, with a few more false alarms, but improved the amount of fogs with low top height and with a low water content, underestimated by the reference configuration. The importance of the first level height for a good representation of the first few meters above the ground is crucial to improve the fog formation forecast. A delay of fog dissipation in the morning was highlighted in operational simulations and slightly reduced thanks to LIMA. This two-moment scheme produced thinner fogs, with less water content. These are more realistic, compared with observations, and thinner fog is also easier for solar radiation to dissipate.

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Thornton, J., J. D. Price, F. Burnet, and C. Lac. "Contrasting the evolution of radiation fog over a heterogeneous region in south‐west France during the SOFOG3D campaign." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, August 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.4558.

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Observations made during the recent SOuth‐west FOGs 3D experiment (SOFOG3D) have been used to investigate the formation and evolution of radiation fog over heterogeneous forest plantations. The focus was on comparing measurements made at a relatively open site on arable land with those made in an approximately 700m‐diameter field surrounded by tree plantations, with both sites hosting an instrumented 50m mast. These data showed that at the more sheltered site radiation fog tended to form earlier than at the more open site. This coincided with more rapid decreases, and lower minima, in both near‐surface temperatures and vertical turbulence from the late afternoon. It is proposed here that the surrounding forest creates a sheltering effect which can cause a reduction in the vertical turbulence and therefore the mixing of the cool near‐surface air with warmer air aloft. The near‐surface is therefore able to cool rapidly, enabling fog to form more readily. Data from additional sites of varying surroundings supported the findings that the more sheltered sites tended to exhibit lower near‐surface nocturnal temperatures. However, the onset of fog formation observed at these additional sites suggested that there could be a limit to how sheltered a site may be before fog formation is inhibited rather than enabled by the surroundings.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Martinet, Pauline, Vinciane Unger, Frédéric Burnet, Jean-François Georgis, Maxime Hervo, Thierry Huet, Ulrich Löhnert, et al. "A dataset of temperature, humidity, and liquid water path retrievals from a network of ground-based microwave radiometers dedicated to fog investigation." Bulletin of Atmospheric Science and Technology 3, no. 1-4 (September 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42865-022-00049-w.

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AbstractThe database presented in this study has been acquired during the SOuth west FOGs 3D (SOFOG3D) experiment for processes study. This international campaign led by Météo-France during the winter 2019–2020 aimed at deploying a unique network of both in situ and remote sensing measurements in order to document spatial and temporal variabilities of fog events. To support this scientific objective but also to conduct first data assimilation experiments within the French convective scale model AROME, an un-precedented network of 8 ground-based microwave radiometers (MWR) has been deployed in 7 different locations known to be prone to fog occurrences. The database gives access to vertical profiles of temperature and humidity (both absolute and relative) from the surface up to 10 km altitude as well as integrated water vapor and liquid water path estimates. The retrieved profiles offer a very large database that can be exploited for several scientific purposes: fog process studies at specific location, documentation on the variability of fog properties at the regional scale, better understanding of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height and dynamics during wintertime conditions, development of nowcasting products dedicated to fog alerts, data assimilation experiments to improve fog forecasts, development of synergetical advanced products, and evaluation of new model configurations with advanced parameterization or resolutions.

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Guittet, Lydia, Valérie Quipourt, Thomas Aparicio, Elisabeth Carola, Jean-François Seitz, Elena Paillaud, Astrid Lievre, et al. "Should we screen for colorectal cancer in people aged 75 and over? A systematic review - collaborative work of the French geriatric oncology society (SOFOG) and the French federation of digestive oncology (FFCD)." BMC Cancer 23, no. 1 (January 5, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-10418-5.

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Abstract Background We have done a systematic literature review about CRC Screening over 75 years old in order to update knowledge and make recommendations. Methods PUBMED database was searched in October 2021 for articles published on CRC screening in the elderly, and generated 249 articles. Further searches were made to find articles on the acceptability, efficacy, and harms of screening in this population, together with the state of international guidelines. Results Most benefit-risk data on CRC screening in the over 75 s derived from simulation studies. Most guidelines recommend stopping cancer screening at the age of 75. In private health systems, extension of screening up to 80–85 years is, based on the life expectancy and the history of screening. Screening remains effective in populations without comorbidity given their better life-expectancy. Serious adverse events of colonoscopy increase with age and can outweigh the benefit of screening. The great majority of reviews concluded that screening between 75 and 85 years must be decided case by case. Conclusion The current literature does not allow Evidence-Based Medicine propositions for mass screening above 75 years old. As some subjects over 75 years may benefit from CRC screening, we discussed ways to introduce CRC screening in France in the 75–80 age group. IRB An institutional review board composed of members of the 2 learned societies (SOFOG and FFCD) defined the issues of interest, followed the evolution of the work and reviewed and validated the report.

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Herledan, Chloé, Anne Toulemonde, Anne-Laure Clairet, Mathieu Boulin, Claire Falandry, Laure De Decker, Catherine Rioufol, Arnaud Bayle, and Nicolas Bertrand. "Enhancing collaboration between geriatricians, oncologists, and pharmacists to optimize medication therapy in older adults with cancer: a position paper from SOFOG-SFPO." Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, September 2023, 104117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104117.

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