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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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1

Okafor, Samuel O., and Christopher O. Ugwuibe. "The Ageing Population and the Challenges of Health Management: A Study of Retirees of Public Institutions in South East Nigeria." World Journal of Social Science 7, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v7n1p31.

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While life expectancy will continue to improve owing to the domestic humanitarian improvement, proxy-policy influence on the sub-Saharan African nations [Nigeria included] by the United Nations and other developed nations, the ageing population will continue to increase making it more or less policy imperative among the nations within this region. Among other things, public health policy occupies the most important position in the web of policy approach to the needs and care for the aged. In the light of the above, the present paper investigated the realities of public health policy outcome [1988 to 2016], as it affects the ageing populations via public health facilities and health packages for the aged. 600 retirees of public institutions from southeast Nigeria were involved in the study, which adopted survey design and modified random sampling techniques. In view of the substantive issues of the study, less than 25% of the respondents go for regular medical checkups and self-health maintenance, more than 80% depended on self-support for medical upkeep; the regression model adopted in the study proved [p< .05], the factors affecting regular health upkeep and satisfaction with services at the public health facilities among the retirees.

2

Seidman, Ann, Art Hansen, Della E. McMillan, and Theodore Cohn. "Food in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, no. 3 (1987): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219694.

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3

Cooper, Barbara M., Caroline Bledsoe, and Gilles Pison. "Nuptiality in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies 29, no. 1 (1996): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221461.

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4

Lombe, Margaret, and Alex Ochumbo. "Sub-Saharan Africa's orphan crisis." International Social Work 51, no. 5 (September 2008): 682–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872808093345.

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English The dramatic increase in the number of children made vulnerable by AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa has necessitated research in treatment and prevention. We contribute to the current discussion on the orphan crisis by proposing a multifaceted approach utilizing institutional characteristics, with greater potential to strengthen community capacity and empower vulnerable children. French L'accroissement phénoménal des enfants vulnérabilisés par le SIDA en Afrique sub-saharienne a eu pour effet de stimuler la recherche en matière de traitements et de prévention. Cette étude s'inscrit dans la réflexion courante sur la crise des orphelinats et propose une approche multidimensionnelle qui tire parti des caractéristiques institutionnelles tout en renforçant les capacités des communautés et en redonnant davantage du pouvoir aux enfants vulnérables. Spanish El dramático incremento en el número de niños que se han hecho vulnerables por el SIDA, en el África Subsahariana, ha hecho necesaria la investigación en tratamiento y prevención. Nosotros aportamos a la discusión actual sobre la crisis de huérfanos, proponiendo un acercamiento multifacético, utilizando las características institucionales con mayor potencial para fortalecer la capacidad comunitaria y empoderar a los niños vulnerables.

5

Carlton-Ford, Steve. "Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 5 (September 2005): 504–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610503400525.

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6

Welsh, David. "Ethnicity in sub-Saharan Africa." International Affairs 72, no. 3 (July 1996): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2625552.

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7

Obadare, Ebenezer. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 31, no. 1 (January 2002): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298020310010932.

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8

Newitt, Malyn. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 31, no. 2 (March 2002): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298020310020228.

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9

Taylor, Ian. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 31, no. 3 (July 2002): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298020310030433.

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10

Alden, Chris. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 32, no. 1 (February 2003): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298030320010736.

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11

Thakur, Monika. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 32, no. 3 (December 2003): 725–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298030320030424.

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12

Lancaster, Carol. "Democratisation in Sub‐Saharan Africa." Survival 35, no. 3 (September 1993): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396339308442698.

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13

Keyes, Christina. "Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa." Higher Education Policy 1, no. 2 (July 1988): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/hep.1988.41.

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14

Kidd, Charles V. "University Training Abroad: Sub-Saharan Africa." Higher Education Policy 4, no. 2 (June 1991): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/hep.1991.27.

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15

Geiger, Susan, Iris Berger, and E. Frances White. "Women in Sub-Saharan Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies 34, no. 2 (2000): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/486429.

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16

Lloyd, Cynthia B., and National Research Council. "Adolescent Fertility in sub-Saharan Africa." Population and Development Review 20, no. 1 (March 1994): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137638.

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17

Boerma, Ties, and National Research Council. "Health Transition in sub-Saharan Africa." Population and Development Review 20, no. 1 (March 1994): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137640.

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18

Todaro, Michael P., and Robert Lensink. "Structural Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa." Population and Development Review 22, no. 4 (December 1996): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137825.

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19

Crotty, Patricia McGee. "Family Law in Sub‐Saharan Africa." Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 30, no. 4 (December 2009): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15544770903266566.

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20

Betts, Raymond F., and Patrick Manning. "Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1880-1985." International Journal of African Historical Studies 22, no. 4 (1989): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219063.

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21

Noyoo, Ndangwa. "Social development in sub-Saharan Africa." International Social Work 43, no. 4 (October 2000): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087280004300404.

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This article examines some of the factors that might have engendered and/or impeded efforts aimed at enhancing social development in sub-Saharan African countries. It suggests how social workers could play meaningful roles in realizing social development goals in these contexts, as well as in South Africa.

22

Clement, Jessica. "Social protection clusters in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Social Welfare 29, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12378.

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23

Austin, Kelly F., and Laura A. McKinney. "Disease, War, Hunger, and Deprivation: A Cross-National Investigation of the Determinants of Life Expectancy in Less-Developed and Sub-Saharan African Nations." Sociological Perspectives 55, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 421–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2012.55.3.421.

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Researchers note a recent trend of increasing inequality in cross-national life expectancy rates, largely due to conditions in the poorest of nations. Threats to life expectancy in less-developed nations include poverty, warfare, intense hunger, and disease, particularly AIDS/HIV. This article utilizes structural equation models for a sample of less-developed nations and a subsample of Sub-Saharan African nations to test interrelationships among predictors. Findings indicate modernization to be the most robust predictor of life expectancy across less-developed nations and HIV to be the strongest determinant of life expectancy in Sub-Saharan African nations. Somewhat surprisingly, warfare and hunger do not have direct impacts on life expectancy among less-developed nations; however, important linkages among warfare, hunger, and disease are evidenced in the Sub-Saharan African sample, along with a notable positive influence of modernization on HIV rates. The findings demonstrate the significance of HIV on cross-national life expectancy scores and illuminate unique dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa.

24

Lefebvre, Jeffrey. "Iran’s Scramble for Sub-Saharan Africa." Insight Turkey 21, no. 1 (2019): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25253/99.2019211.10.

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25

Saalfeld, Jannis. "Rejectionist Islamism in sub-Saharan Africa." International Affairs 98, no. 2 (March 2022): 493–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac016.

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Abstract This article contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of Islamist mobilization in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the late 1980s, several African societies have witnessed significant Islamist violence. Against this background, the article provides a typology of rejectionist Islamism, a strain of Islamism that has left a major imprint both on East and West African settings. While rejectionist Islamist groups share as their common denominator the explicit negation of the nation state's legitimacy, they can be differentiated according to whether they violently challenge the state and are willing to participate in mainstream civil society. Thus, in this article I present four different types of rejectionist Islamism: ‘isolationism’, ‘militant isolationism’, ‘participatory rejectionism’ and ‘militant participatory rejectionism’. Examining rejectionist groups from four African countries, I demonstrate my typology's capacity for facilitating a fine-grained assessment of individual group trajectories over time. Finally, I present findings on the determinants of the violent radicalization of rejectionist Islamist groups.

26

Damore, David F., and Michelle Kuenzi. "Executive turnovers in sub-Saharan Africa." International Area Studies Review 22, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865918822260.

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We use competing risks duration analysis to examine the role of ethnicity and governance institutions in executive turnovers of power in 47 sub-Saharan African countries between 1960 and 2008. Using measures that capture the politically important aspects of countries’ ethnic divisions, we find that as compared to countries characterized by one, and only one, potential majority ethnic grouping, leaders’ tenures are shorter in countries with a majority ethnic group that comprises a majority subgroup and that these leaders are at risk of losing power through both coups and elections. In contrast, leaders of countries with no ethnic majority group are better positioned to stave off coups, perhaps by undercutting rivals’ efforts to coordinate among different ethnic groups. Our results, however, suggest that the effectiveness of this strategy wanes over time. Although the results also suggest that the type of regime matters, they do not indicate a monotonic relationship between democracy and elections and authoritarianism and coups.

27

Jackson, Robert H. "Negative sovereignty in sub-Saharan Africa." Review of International Studies 12, no. 4 (October 1986): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113828.

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Martin Wight once compared ‘the increasing number of small states which are the debris of colonial empires’ to ‘the increasing number of small principalities’ of an earlier period in international history which were ‘the debris of feudalism’. The citystates, monarchies, republics, confederations and various other emergent states of Europe eventually found an alternative to the mediaeval societas Christiana on which their independence and intercourse could be legitimately based. This was, of course, the practice of dynastic legitimacy or what Burke glorified as ‘prescription’: the right of inherited and established states to international recognition which sufficed as the constitution of European international society until the French revolution. Burke invoked it to condemn the revolution and justify foreign intervention not only to destroy the Jacobins and restore the monarchy but also to defend ‘the college of the ancient states of Europe’.3 It was a lost cause.

28

Felt, Gaëtan, Keith Hinchliffe, and Gaetan Felt. "Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 24, no. 1 (1990): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485609.

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29

Bongaarts, John, and John Casterline. "Fertility Transition: Is sub-Saharan Africa Different?" Population and Development Review 38 (February 2013): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00557.x.

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30

Ailio, Jaakko. "Governing Sub-Saharan HIV/AIDS through Gender." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 36, no. 4 (November 2011): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375411430621.

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Third World gender-issues have attracted much interest because of their perceived importance for the governance of Third World maladies hindering development and security. This enthusiasm has created many gender-based efforts to govern different Third World maladies. Despite the popular celebration of such efforts, they should be examined critically, for they function within specific limits. In this spirit, this article examines gender-based governance of sub-Saharan HIV/AIDS. It is often said that one of the most important ways of governing sub-Saharan HIV/AIDS involves attention to gender inequality as a key driver of HIV/AIDS. However, when contrasted with the vast literature that emphasizes the heterogeneity and dynamism of gender relations in Africa, it becomes clear that when sub-Saharan HIV/AIDS is addressed through gender it happens at the cost of simplifications that enable sub-Saharan HIV/AIDS to be made globally governable through gender, thereby securing liberalism.

31

YOON, MI YUNG. "Explaining Women's Legislative Representation in Sub-Saharan Africa." Legislative Studies Quarterly 29, no. 3 (August 2004): 447–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3162/036298004x201258.

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32

Bratton, Michael, and Eric C. C. Chang. "State Building and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa." Comparative Political Studies 39, no. 9 (November 2006): 1059–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414005280853.

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Across sub-Saharan Africa, new democracies emerge only in the context of relatively effective states. Using aggregate indicators of democracy and governance plus new public opinion data, the authors show which aspects of state building are most important. The scope of state infrastructure and the delivery of welfare services have little impact on democratization. But the establishment of a rule of law—as experienced through improvements in personal security and the popular perception that leaders respect the constitution—is critical to building democracy. But because the legitimacy of the state is itself a reciprocal product of democratization, studies of African states and regimes, presently separated, should be connected.

33

Hoefert de Turégano, Teresa. "Sub-Saharan African Cinemas: The French Connection." Modern & Contemporary France 13, no. 1 (February 2005): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0963948052000341231.

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34

Parker, Gabrielle. "French language policy in sub‐Saharan Africa." Modern & Contemporary France 4, no. 4 (January 1996): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639489608456336.

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35

Gabel, Creighton. "Archaeology in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1800-1960." International Journal of African Historical Studies 18, no. 2 (1985): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/217742.

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36

BEINART, JENNIFER. "Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa." African Affairs 91, no. 365 (October 1992): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098570.

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37

Kirtley, William Lawton. "Bringing Claims and Enforcing International Arbitration Awards Against Sub-Saharan African States and Parties." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 8, no. 1 (2009): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180309x429696.

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AbstractThis article examines the difficulties inherent to enforcing ICC awards and other commercial awards against sub-Saharan African States or parties, as well as the difficulties of bringing claims and enforcing ICSID (or other treaty-based awards) against sub-Saharan African States in the context of investor/State disputes. It concludes by summarizing potential means for sub-Saharan African States to improve their international arbitration regimes and the enforcement of international arbitral awards in the region.

38

Leys, Colin, and John S. Saul. "Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism." Monthly Review 51, no. 3 (July 2, 1999): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-051-03-1999-07_2.

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39

Fallon, Kathleen. "Getting Out The Vote: Women'S Democratic Political Mobilization In Ghana." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2003): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.8.3.1h361h315l806060.

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Although the mobilization of women in Latin America prior to and during the transition to democracy has been well-studied, the mobilization of women in sub-Saharan Africa during this transition has received little attention. Yet, the study of women's mobilization within an emerging democratic state of sub-Saharan Africa would provide insight into how women may renegotiate their position in relation to transforming political structures, and how they may work to redefine their own rights. This article analyzes the case of Ghana to examine the mobilization ofwomen in sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, multivariate analyses of a survey of 621 women and in-depth interviews with thirty-three members of women's organizations are used to explore whether women's organizations are attempting to mobilize women to participate in the formal political process during the transition to democracy, and, if so, whether their efforts are successful. The results indicate that women's organizations view the electoral process as a means to mobilize women, that they have attempted to mobilize women to participate in elections, and that their mobilization efforts influenced the political behavior of women. Implications of these findings for our understanding of women's mobilization in sub-Saharan Africa in comparison to those in Latin America are discussed.

40

Thomson, A. M. "Accelerating food production in sub-Saharan Africa." International Affairs 63, no. 4 (1987): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2619733.

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41

Wilkins, Thomas S. "The International Relations of Sub-Saharan Africa." Politikon 39, no. 3 (December 2012): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2012.746192.

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42

Whitaker, Jennifer Seymour, and Tore Rose. "Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa." Foreign Affairs 64, no. 5 (1986): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20042851.

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43

Whitaker, Jennifer Seymour, John W. Mellor, Christopher L. Delgado, and Malcolm J. Blackie. "Accelerating Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa." Foreign Affairs 66, no. 1 (1987): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20043364.

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44

Mair, Lucy. "Politics in sub-Saharan Africa and United States foreign policy towards sub-Saharan Africa: change, continuity and constraint." International Affairs 62, no. 2 (1986): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618431.

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45

Loxley, John, and Tore Rose. "Crisis and Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 21, no. 1 (1987): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485119.

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46

Bouraoui, Hédi, Albert S. Gérard, Hedi Bouraoui, and Albert S. Gerard. "European-Language Writing in Sub-Saharan Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 22, no. 2 (1988): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485918.

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47

Epprecht, Marc, Dorothy L. Hodgson, Sheryl A. McCurdy, and Robert Morrell. "Enriching Gender Studies in Sub-Saharan Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 36, no. 1 (2002): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4107398.

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48

Mabogunje, Akin L. "Agrarian Responses to Outmigration in Sub-Saharan Africa." Population and Development Review 15 (1989): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807933.

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49

Morgan, S. Philip, and Ron J. Lesthaeghe. "Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa." Social Forces 70, no. 1 (September 1991): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2580088.

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50

Caldwell, John C., and National Research Council. "Fertility in sub-Saharan Africa: Status and Prospects." Population and Development Review 20, no. 1 (March 1994): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137636.

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