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Статті в журналах з теми "Sociology of quantification"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 лютого 2025

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1

Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Mitchell L. Stevens. "A Sociology of Quantification." European Journal of Sociology 49, no. 3 (December 2008): 401–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975609000150.

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AbstractOne of the most notable political developments of the last thirty years has been increasing public and governmental demand for the quantification of social phenomena, yet sociologists generally have paid little attention to the spread of quantification or the significance of new regimes of measurement. Our article addresses this oversight by analyzing quantification – the production and communication of numbers – as a general sociological phenomenon. Drawing on scholarship across the social sciences in Europe and North America as well as humanistic inquiry, we articulate five sociological dimensions of quantification and call for an ethics of numbers.

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2

Berman, Elizabeth Popp, and Daniel Hirschman. "The Sociology of Quantification: Where Are We Now?" Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 47, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306118767649.

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3

Vesty, Gillian Maree, Abby Telgenkamp, and Philip J. Roscoe. "Creating numbers: carbon and capital investment." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 28, no. 3 (March 16, 2015): 302–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-10-2013-1507.

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Анотація:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to seek to illustrate the way in which carbon emissions are given calculative agency. The authors contribute to sociology of quantification with a specific focus on the performativity of the carbon number as it was introduced to the organization’s capital investment accounts. In following an intangible gas to a physical amount and then to a dollar value, the authors used categories from the sociology of quantification (Espeland and Stevens, 2008) to explore the persuasive attributes of the newly created number and the way it changed the work of actors, including the way they reacted and viewed authority. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical case study in a large Australian water utility drawing on insights from the sociology of calculation. Findings – The authors present empirics on the calculative appeal of the carbon emissions number, how it came into being and its performative (or reactive) effects. The number disciplined behaviour and acted like a boundary object, while at the same time, enroled allies through its aesthetic appeal in management accounting system designs. In framing the empirics, the authors were able to highlight how the carbon number became a visible actor in the newly emergent and evolving carbon market. Practical implications – This paper provides an empirical framing that continues the project of writing the sociology of calculation into accounting. Originality/value – This study contributes to the sociology of quantification in accounting with an empirical framing device to reveal the representational work of a number and how it expands as it becomes implicated in broader networks of calculation.

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4

Platt, Jennifer. "Has Funding Made a Difference to Research Methods?" Sociological Research Online 1, no. 1 (March 1996): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.7.

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It has been argued that foundation funding has distorted methods in American sociology in the direction of quantification. This argument rests on a number of assumptions, of which the key one is that in the absence of such funding, method would have developed differently. Data on the methods of funded and unfunded research articles are analysed, and show that the trend to increasing levels of quantification is almost equally present in unfunded work, which suggests that funding should not be held responsible for the trend.

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5

Mennicken, Andrea, and Wendy Nelson Espeland. "What's New with Numbers? Sociological Approaches to the Study of Quantification." Annual Review of Sociology 45, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041343.

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Calculation and quantification have been critical features of modern societies, closely linked to science, markets, and administration. In the past thirty years, the pace, purpose, and scope of quantification have greatly expanded, and there has been a corresponding increase in scholarship on quantification. We offer an assessment of the widely dispersed literature on quantification across four domains where quantification and quantification scholarship have particularly flourished: administration, democratic rule, economics, and personal life. In doing so, we seek to stimulate more cross-disciplinary debate and exchange. We caution against unifying accounts of quantification and highlight the importance of tracking quantification across different sites in order to appreciate its essential ambiguity and conduct more systematic investigations of interactions between different quantification regimes.

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6

Saltelli, Andrea. "Ethics of quantification or quantification of ethics?" Futures 116 (February 2020): 102509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.102509.

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7

Chun, Jinseok S., and Michael I. Norton. "Quantification of evaluations." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 110 (January 2024): 104558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104558.

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8

Ranganathan, Aruna, and Alan Benson. "A Numbers Game: Quantification of Work, Auto-Gamification, and Worker Productivity." American Sociological Review 85, no. 4 (July 10, 2020): 573–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122420936665.

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Анотація:

Technological advances and the big-data revolution have facilitated fine-grained, high-frequency, low-cost measurement of individuals’ work. Yet we understand little about the influences of such quantification of work on workers’ behavior and performance. This article investigates how and when quantification of work affects worker productivity. We argue that quantification affects worker productivity via auto-gamification, or workers’ inadvertent transformation of work into an independent, individual-level game. We further argue that quantification is likely to raise productivity in a context of simple work, where auto-gamification is motivating because quantified metrics adequately measure the work being performed. When work is complex, by contrast, quantification reduces productivity because quantified metrics cannot adequately measure the multifaceted work being performed, causing auto-gamification to be demotivating. To substantiate our argument, we study implementation of an RFID measurement technology that quantifies individual workers’ output in real time at a garment factory in India. Qualitative evidence uncovers the auto-gamification mechanism and three conditions that enable it; a natural experiment tests the consequences of quantification of work for worker productivity. This article contributes to the study of quantification, work games, technology, and organizations, and we explore the policy implications of further quantification of work.

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9

Curtis, Bruce, Gérard Jorland, Annick Opinel, and George Weisz. "Medical Quantification in Historical and Sociological Perspectives/ La quantification medicale, perspectives historiques et sociologiques." Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20460621.

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10

Löwy, Ilana. "Quantification in Science and Cognition Circa 1937 A Newly Discovered Text of Ludwik Fleck." Science in Context 2, no. 2 (1988): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700000648.

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Although Ludwik Fleck is today recognized as one of the pioneers of the historical sociology of science, his historical and epistemological writings, most of them dating from the 1930s, long remained practically unknown. They were rediscovered following the mention of Fleck's principal work, the monograph Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (1935) in the preface of Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), and thanks to the efforts of W. Baldamus (1977) and his student T. Schnelle (1982) and of the editors of the English translation of Fleck's book, R. K. Merton and T. J. Trenn. Fleck's work was studied by several scholars and was the subject of two meetings: “Colloquium Ludwik Fleck” (Hamburg, 1981) organized by L. Schaffer and T. Schnelle, and a symposium organized by R. S. Cohen (Berlin, 1984). Some of the papers presented at these meetings were published in Cohen and Schnelle 1986. Today, more than fifty years after the publication of his principal study, Fleck is on his way to becoming a “classic” of the sociology of science and of epistemology.

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11

Schweber, Libby. "Wartime research and the quantification of American sociology. The view from « the American Soldier »." Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines 6, no. 1 (2002): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhsh.006.0065.

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12

Griffiths, Anne. "Remembering Sally Engle Merry: Her scholarship and her legacy." Oñati Socio-Legal Series 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 1250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1234.

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This article reviews the scholarship and legacy of Sally Engle Merry who died on 8th September, 2020. If focuses on a number of research fields and themes that are central to her work and collaborative engagement with other scholars, primarily across the disciplines of anthropology, law, sociology and socio-legal studies. These research domains include neighbourhood justice and mediation, law and colonialism, human rights and transnational governance, gender violence, the quantification of knowledge globally, and the relationship between law, society and power.

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13

Sokolov, Mikhail. "Can Russian Research Policy be Called Neoliberal? A Study in the Comparative Sociology of Quantification." Europe-Asia Studies 73, no. 6 (April 13, 2021): 989–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2021.1902945.

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14

Staffen, Lisa R., J. Rosser Matthews, Theodore M. Porter, and Mark C. Smith. "Quantification and the Quest for Medical Certainty." Contemporary Sociology 25, no. 2 (March 1996): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2077162.

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15

Petzke, Martin. "The Global “Bookkeeping” of Souls: Quantification and Nineteenth-Century Evangelical Missions." Social Science History 42, no. 2 (2018): 183–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2017.50.

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This article combines perspectives of the sociology of quantification and field theory in analyzing the emergence of a field of global evangelical missions. Drawing analogies to Werner Sombart's thesis on the relationship of double-entry bookkeeping and the genesis of capitalism, it shows how the introduction of statistical methods and accounting techniques into the realm of missions in the nineteenth century constructed a visibility of a global distribution of religious adherents that spurred, oriented, and perpetuated an interorganizational sphere geared toward the conversion of the world to Christianity. The article identifies the soteriological and eschatological prerequisites that led to the coalescence of demographic notions and missionary perspectives and draws attention to the extensive reporting system of missionary societies that further consolidated logics of “bookkeeping” in missions. It argues that this ongoing evangelical missionary enterprise is an instance of a more general mechanism of quantification spawning a social field dedicated to the maintenance or alteration of particular “quantities.”

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16

Caven, Meg. "Quantification, Inequality, and the Contestation of School Closures in Philadelphia." Sociology of Education 92, no. 1 (November 28, 2018): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038040718815167.

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Анотація:

Public education relies heavily on data to document stratified inputs and outcomes, and to design interventions aimed at reducing disparities. Yet despite the promise and prevalence of data-driven policies and practices, inequalities persist. Indeed, contemporary scholarship has begun to question whether and how processes such as quantification and commensuration contribute to rather than remediate inequality. Using the 2013 closure of 24 Philadelphia public schools as a case study, I employ a mixed-methods approach to illuminate quantification and commensuration as nuanced processes with contingent, dualistic, and paradoxical relationships to inequality. The quantified approach to selecting schools for closure predisposed poor and minority communities to institutional loss because academic underperformance, a key selection metric, was correlated with disadvantage. Paradoxically, academic performance measures, coupled with commensuration strategies, also enabled advocates to successfully overturn closure recommendations. I offer an evidentiary account of how quantification can perpetuate inequality, and I complicate prevailing understandings of quantification as a technology of power.

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17

Whyte, William Foote, and Severyn T. Bruyn. "Preface to The Human Perspective in Sociology: The Methodology of Participant Observation." Journal of Applied Social Science 1, no. 2 (September 2007): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193672440700100201.

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William Foote Whyte wrote this Preface for a new edition of my book The Human Perspective in Sociology: The Methodology of Participant Observation that was never published. Whyte died in July 2000, after he had written the Preface, but it was never published. I had signed a contract with a publisher but there were financial problems that led suddenly and unexpectedly to the demise of the company. Bill was concerned about the growing emphasis on computer skills and the quantification of data. He saw the trend challenging the integrity, methodology, and basic purpose of the profession. He called for a new emphasis on qualitative studies and participant observation. In his long career he taught and practiced fieldwork so admirably, so perfectly, that he was a model for other sociologists. Indeed, he was my inspiration.

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18

Lowrey, Wilson, Ryan Broussard, and Lindsey A. Sherrill. "Data journalism and black-boxed data sets." Newspaper Research Journal 40, no. 1 (March 2019): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739532918814451.

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This study explores the level of scrutiny data journalists from national, local, traditional and digital outlets apply to data sets and data categories, and reasons that scrutiny varies. The study applies a sociology of quantification framework that assumes a tendency for data categories to become “black-boxed,” or taken-for-granted and unquestioned. Results of in-depth interviews with 15 data journalists suggested these journalists were more concerned with data accessibility and ease of use than validity of data categories, though this varied across outlet size and level of story complexity.

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19

Brissaud, Constantin. "La quantification internationale au concret." Revue française de science politique Vol. 72, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfsp.716.0103.

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20

Hammersley, Martyn. "Inheriting Possibility: Social Reproduction and Quantification in Education." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 48, no. 1 (January 2019): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306118815500k.

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21

Millington, Brad, and Rob Millington. "‘The Datafication of Everything’: Toward a Sociology of Sport and Big Data." Sociology of Sport Journal 32, no. 2 (June 2015): 140–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2014-0069.

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This paper explores the articulations of sport and ‘Big Data’—an important though to date understudied topic. That we have arrived at an ‘Age of Big Data’ is an increasingly accepted premise: the proliferation of tracking technologies, combined with the desire to record/monitor human activity, has radically amplified the volume and variety of data in circulation, as well as the velocity at which data move. Herein, we take initial steps toward addressing the implications of Big Data for sport (and vice versa), first by historicizing the relationship between sport and quantification and second by charting its contemporary manifestations. We then present four overlapping postulates on sport in the Age of Big Data. These go toward both showing and questioning the logic of ‘progress’ said to lie at the core of sport’s nascent statistical turn. We conclude with reflections on how a robust sociology of sport and Big Data might be achieved.

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22

Uprichard, Emma, Roger Burrows, and David Byrne. "SPSS as an ‘Inscription Device’: From Causality to Description?" Sociological Review 56, no. 4 (November 2008): 606–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2008.00807.x.

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This paper examines the development of SPSS from 1968 to 2008, and the manner in which it has been used in teaching and research in British Sociology. We do this in order to reveal some of the changes that have taken place in statistical reasoning as an inscription device in the discipline over this period. We conclude that to characterise these changes as a shift from ‘causal’ to more ‘descriptive’ modes of analysis is too simplistic. Such a shift is certainly apparent, but it meshes in complex ways with a range of other – just as important – changes, that together mark a phase-shift in the functioning of sociological quantification.

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23

Willson, Michele. "Raising the ideal child? Algorithms, quantification and prediction." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 620–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718798901.

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The world in which the contemporary child is conceived and raised is one that is increasingly monitored, analysed and manipulated through technological processes. Simultaneously, expectations for the child are changing as new tools and practices for quantifying, managing and predicting achievements and future possibilities become available. Algorithms as ways of anticipating, doing or fixing are central to these technological processes. These intersect with and are informed by social, cultural and political discourses that imagine the ‘ideal’ child. Therefore, this article explores the power of algorithms within the everyday of the child. Drawing upon examples of quantification and prediction practices in the commercial and state sectors, the article raises questions about the issues, challenges and politics of these types of algorithmic approaches in raising and imagining the ‘ideal child’.

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24

Lom, Stacy E. "The Metric Society: On the Quantification of the Social." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 49, no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306120930218x.

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25

Bergman, Matthew E. "Insights from the Quantification of the Study of Populism." Representation 55, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2019.1572647.

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26

Isham, Matthew. "A quantification of minimum floor space requirements." Forum for Social Economics 33, no. 2 (January 2004): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02745497.

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27

McGuire, John. "Quantification and South Asian history: Counting what?" South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 15, no. 1 (June 1992): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856409208723158.

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28

Feldthusen, Bruce. "Discriminatory Damage Quantification in Civil Actions for Sexual Battery." University of Toronto Law Journal 44, no. 2 (1994): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/825855.

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29

Sisson, Alistair. "DENIGRATING BY NUMBERS: Quantification, Statistics and Territorial Stigma." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 45, no. 3 (April 17, 2021): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13009.

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30

Milan, Stefania. "Techno-solutionism and the standard human in the making of the COVID-19 pandemic." Big Data & Society 7, no. 2 (July 2020): 205395172096678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951720966781.

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Quantification is particularly seductive in times of global uncertainty. Not surprisingly, numbers, indicators, categorizations, and comparisons are central to governmental and popular response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This essay draws insights from critical data studies, sociology of quantification and decolonial thinking, with occasional excursion into the biomedical domain, to investigate the role and social consequences of counting broadly defined as a way of knowing about the virus. It takes a critical look at two domains of human activity that play a central role in the fight against the virus outbreak, namely medical sciences and technological innovation. It analyzes their efforts to craft solutions for their user base and explores the unwanted social costs of these operations. The essay argues that the over-reliance of biomedical research on “whiteness” for lab testing and the techno-solutionism of the consumer infrastructure devised to curb the social costs of the pandemic are rooted in a distorted idea of a “standard human” based on a partial and exclusive vision of society and its components, which tends to overlook alterity and inequality. It contends that to design our way out of the pandemic, we ought to make space for distinct ways of being and knowing, acknowledging plurality and thinking in terms of social relations, alterity, and interdependence.

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31

Erkkilä, Tero, B. Guy Peters, and Ossi Piironen. "Politics of Comparative Quantification: The Case of Governance Metrics." Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 18, no. 4 (August 7, 2016): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2016.1145871.

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32

McComas, Jennifer J., Timothy R. Vollmer, and Craig Kennedy. "DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS: QUANTIFICATION AND EXAMINATION OF BEHAVIOR—ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 42, no. 2 (June 2009): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2009.42-411.

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33

ZUBERI, T. "Deracializing Social Statistics: Problems in the Quantification of Race." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 568, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716200568001013.

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34

Tolonen, Mikko, Jani Marjanen, Hege Roivainen, and Leo Lahti. "Scaling Up Bibliographic Data Science." Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Publications 2, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/dhnbpub.11118.

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Bibliographic data science is an emerging research paradigm in digital humanities. It aims at systematic quantification of the trends in knowledge production based on large-scale analysis of bibliographic metadata collections and the methods of modern data science. Compared to the earlier related attempts in book history and sociology of literature, advances in data processing and quality control are now making it possible for the first time to scale up the analysis to millions of print products while at the same time paying attention to data quality, representativity and completeness. This provides a new quantitative method that can support the analysis of classical research questions in intellectual history. Here, we discuss the methodological challenges that we have encountered in such studies and how to scale up the solutions based on collaborative research efforts.

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35

Samuel, Boris. "Studying Africa's Large Numbers." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 71, no. 04 (December 2016): 557–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568218000122.

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Анотація:

Morten Jerven's work offers a historical perspective on the techniques used by national administrations and international organizations to quantify and analyze the growth of African economies. In his view, the work of statisticians and economists has largely failed to account for national economic and social realities since the beginning of the structural adjustment period. The informalization of economies, the weakness of statistical institutions, and the lack of methodological rigor among international experts have led to the production of statistical fictions. Jerven's analysis calls into question the usual narratives produced by quantitative economic history, such as that of an African economic failure since 1960. It also opens a dialogue with the sociology of quantification, highlighting cases where growth calculations appear arbitrary. However, his methodology suffers from a number of weaknesses. While his earliest works were based on detailed national case studies, Jerven's recent analyses have focused on the critique of continent-wide discourses, in particular international comparisons and econometric studies of growth. His work has thus moved away from a careful ethnography of numbers toward a focus on the denunciation of global practices. This shift prevents the author from making precise reflections on the various roles of numbers in African societies, the multiple positions and modes of action that quantification engages, or the specific historical trajectories which calculations of African growth are supposed to represent.

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36

Rockloff, Matthew J., Matthew Browne, Alex Myles Thomas Russell, Stephanie S. Merkouris, and Nicki A. Dowling. "A Quantification of the Net Consumer Surplus from Gambling Participation." Journal of Gambling Studies 35, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): 1147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09845-0.

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37

Avery, Jacob. "America by the Numbers: Quantification, Democracy, and the Birth of National Statistics." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 52, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00943061221142074e.

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38

Reuter, Peter. "The Social Costs of the Demand for Quantification." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 5, no. 4 (1986): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3324886.

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39

Reuter, Peter. "The social costs of the demand for quantification." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 5, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 807–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050050410.

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40

Keiff, Sebastien. "What does gross national happiness really measure? An immersive observation in Lamshey, Bhutan." Bussecon Review of Social Sciences (2687-2285) 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/brss.v4i1.347.

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Анотація:

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the Gross National Happiness indicator and the actual lifestyle of the people of Bhutan. Gross National Happiness is a macroeconomic indicator calculated in Bhutan. It was constructed in contrast to the Gross Domestic Product. Gross National Happiness is designed to guide the country's public policies. Using visual methods in anthropology, this study proposes an immersion in Lamshey, a village in Bhutan. The daily life of the inhabitants is then observed and analyzed with the way gross national happiness is measured. The sociology of quantification provides a framework for analysis that reveals important and new implications. Indeed, to bring together the experience of happiness as it is lived by the Bhutanese, it will be appropriate to distinguish three complementary "Gross National Happiness", according to whether it is measured, lived, or in its ethical dimension.

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TRIBAK, Houssam Eddine. "Religious Knowledge: A New Dimensional Approach for Studying Religiosity’s Social Impact in Muslim Societies." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 6 (May 2, 2024): 870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/5dsf6178.

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Researchers frequently postulate a strong relationship between religiosity and social peace and stability. If one examines the construct of religion in sociological literature (e.g., doctrine, rituals, etc.), it appears that it is so diverse and multifaceted that a single measure of religiosity is inadequate. While quantification of religiosity is possible, social studies rely exclusively on single-item markers of religiousness (e.g., frequency of church attendance). Moreover, two of the dimensions of Glock's (1962) model - religious knowledge and the consequential dimension - have not been examined at all (Filsinger & Wilson, 1986). This paper’s objective is to draw attention to the “religious knowledge” dimension as an influential social factor within society by attempting to construct a peculiar definition to the sociology of Muslim societies. Besides, this paper aims at putting emphasis on the importance and the validity of “religious knowledge” scales and their ability to provide an overview about Muslim individuals’ religiosity.

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Belkovicsová, Daša, and Matej Boór. "Quantification of the Optimal Level of Fiscal Decentralization in OECD Countries." Politická ekonomie 69, no. 5 (October 22, 2021): 595–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1326.

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Christin, Angèle. "Counting Clicks: Quantification and Variation in Web Journalism in the United States and France." American Journal of Sociology 123, no. 5 (March 2018): 1382–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/696137.

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Languille, Sonia. "Quality education through performativity. ‘Learning crisis’ and technology of quantification in Tanzania." International Journal of Educational Development 39 (November 2014): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.06.002.

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Paul, Regine. "Analyse and rule? A conceptual framework for explaining the variable appeals of ex-ante evaluation in policymaking." der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management 13, no. 1-2020 (June 25, 2020): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/dms.v13i1.11.

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Анотація:

This article integrates disparate explanations for increasing (but variable) turns to ex-ante policy evaluation, such as risk analysis, across public administrations. So far unconnected silos of literature – on policy tools, policy instrumentation, the politics of evaluation and the political sociology of quantification – inconsistently portray ex-ante evaluation as rational problem-solving, symbolic actions of institutional self-defence, or (less often) political power-seeking. I synthesise these explanations in an interpretivist and institutionalist reading of ex-ante evaluation as contextually filtered process of selective meaning-making. From this methodological umbrella emerges my unified typology of ex-ante evaluation as instrumental problemsolving (I), legitimacy-seeking (L) and powerseeking (P). I argue that a) these ideal-types coexist in policymakers’ reasoning about the expected merits of ex-ante evaluation, whilst b) diverse institutional contexts will favour variable weightings of I, L and P in policymaking. By means of systematisation the typology seeks to inspire an interdisciplinary research agenda on varieties of ex-ante evaluation.

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Ilic, Vladimir. "Observation as a method within the context of the debate about quantitative and qualitative approach." Sociologija 57, no. 1 (2015): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1501133i.

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Quantitative and qualitative orientations, as dominant in contemporary methodology of social sciences, are based on different forms, parts and types, data. They have their own epistemological specificity. They disintegrate classical sociological methods, such as observation, reducing their penetration and thus reducing the cognitive potential of sociology, while increasing the possibility of its use for ideological purposes. Observation methodologically disintegrates through a normal binding of its participatory forms for qualitative methodology, and structured observation, systematic observation and quantification in the application of observation solely for the quantitative methodology. This article analyzes the degree of justification of such methodological views. Moreover, it examines the efforts to implement diverse mixed or combined strategies with quantitative and qualitative strategy, with particular reference to their impact on observation as a method. The article also points to the relationship of induction, supposedly inherent to qualitative orientation, and deduction, that the literature associates with a quantitative orientation, the possibility of application of observations in social sciences.

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Coron, Clotilde. "Measuring the gender pay gap: the complexity of HR metrics." Employee Relations: The International Journal 43, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-07-2020-0316.

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PurposeThe literature on HR metrics does not address the political issues that surround the definition and interpretation of these metrics. However, the need for agreement about HR metrics between different stakeholders is underlined by the framework of the sociology of quantification. This research aims to complement the literature on HR metrics by studying the process of defining and interpreting appropriate HR metrics, focusing on the example of the gender pay gap.Design/methodology/approachA case study with interviews and participant observation is conducted on a French company.FindingsThe results show that HR metrics are essential to prove the existence of inequalities. However, there are disagreements between management, unions and gender equality referents concerning appropriate HR metrics and their use.Originality/valueContrary to the literature on the subject, which remains predominantly positivist and normative, this article sheds light on the political issues surrounding the definition and use of HR metrics and shows the importance of involving a range of actors (managers, unions and employees) in the entire process.

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Lin, Yi-Tang. "Local Actions, National Policies and International Knowledge: Family Planning and Statistical Practices in Taiwan (1949–1980s)." Social History of Medicine 33, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 819–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky122.

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Summary Using an approach based on the sociology of quantification, this article illustrates how actors utilised statistics when importing family planning to Taiwan and exporting their experience to international policy makers. The functions of statistics—producing knowledge and making policies—assisted the implementation of international programmes in Taiwan, where any actions leading to a population decrease were prohibited in the 1950s. The Population Council and Taiwanese officials first secured the provincial government’s tacit consent by claiming the programme to be an experiment in general population policy rather than one focused on the insertion of intra-uterine devices (IUDs). They went on to win the central government’s endorsement in 1964 by presenting IUD insertions as tools for achieving the ideal population size for economic development. Finally, experts packaged and repackaged the Taiwan programme as a success by wielding locally-collected statistics, reframing the programme to fit the conclusions of international research at the time.

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Kotras, Baptiste. "Mass personalization: Predictive marketing algorithms and the reshaping of consumer knowledge." Big Data & Society 7, no. 2 (July 2020): 205395172095158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951720951581.

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This paper focuses on the conception and use of machine-learning algorithms for marketing. In the last years, specialized service providers as well as in-house data scientists have been increasingly using machine learning to predict consumer behavior for large companies. Predictive marketing thus revives the old dream of one-to-one, perfectly adjusted selling techniques, now at an unprecedented scale. How do predictive marketing devices change the way corporations know and model their customers? Drawing from STS and the sociology of quantification, I propose to study the original ambivalence that characterizes the promise of a mass personalization, i.e. algorithmic processes in which the precise adjustment of prediction to unique individuals involves the computation of massive datasets. By studying algorithms in practice, I show how the active embedding of local preexisting consumer knowledge and punctual de-personalization mechanisms are keys to the epistemic and organizational success of predictive marketing. This paper argues for the study of algorithms in their contexts and suggests new perspectives on algorithmic objectivity.

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Pal, Jiban K., and Soumitra Sarkar. "Evaluation of Institutional Research Productivity." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 40, no. 01 (February 17, 2020): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.40.01.14804.

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The quantification of scholarly performance has become an obvious necessity in many academic pursuits. Evaluation of research output is therefore an integral element of R&D institutions worldwide. However the quality- weighted dimensions of quantity are gaining momentum. Consequently, a good number of evaluative studies on publication productivity have been made available in scientometric literature. This paper critically scrutinises the literature on research productivity concerning scientific institutions (include universities and departments) in an informational context. It provides a thorough review to map the quantum of knowledge relating to ‘institutional research productivity’ correlating the Indian vista. It is, however, indicative to find the gaps and shortcomings in this specialty of research; hence enunciate the issues both attended and unattended. The paper also offers a few recommendations to undertake evaluative studies with caution. Thus it shows a coherent picture of this emerging area in the sociology of science.

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