Дисертації з теми "Sociologie – Études comparatives"
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Carrère, Geoffrey. "Changement cognitif ou transformation du rôle social de l'expert ? : sociologie des experts du risque routier dans une approche comparative France-Québec : le cas des audits de sécurité routière." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10031/document.
Engineering techniques, during the 1960-1970 years, have been deployed in the constructionof huge road infrastructures for the social and human welfare by the use of science andtechnique. Nowadays, the engineering vantage has change. At the first sight, transition seemsclear. Today, users don’t have to conform their behaviours to the road environmenttransformations. It belongs to engineers to build road infrastructures adapted to the variousdriver’s behaviours. The incorporation of road safety audit in the French Ministry of Ecology,Sustainable Development and Sea (MEEDDM) and in the Quebec Ministry of Transports(MTQ), exemplifies this turning point. First, road safety audit is applied in a new frameworkcontrol system for the expertise independence purpose. Second, it introduces a newengineering approach called proactive approach. This one breaks with the previousapproaches by transcending technical control with the use of professional experiences anddriver’s knowledge in order to adapt infrastructure to driver’s behaviours. This cognitivetransformation will be the object of our research. Specifically, we will study the changeleaded by experiential knowledge. Paradoxically, we will note traditional cognitiveframeworks, which pertain to French and Quebec cultural engineering, in a renewedengineering approach. Then we will show that road safety audit incorporation more underlinea transformation of the expert social role than a cognitive change. This social rolemodification reflects to new forms of state action legitimacy. Indeed, considering driver’sbehaviours particularities and introducing an independent control system will show roadsafety audit incorporation as the exercise of contemporary legitimacies of state action
Mangset, Marte. "The discipline of historians : a comparative study of historians' constructions of the discipline of history in English, French and Norwegian universities." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0057.
Reforms related to the Bologna process have profoundly influenced on French and Norwegian higher education. The reorganisation of study programmes is a key feature of these reforms. In England, it is rather national reforms that have changed the degree structure in the discipline of history. With this thesis I have sought to study the relationships between the structure of study programmes and conceptions of a discipline in a given discipline, that of history. Based on interviews with historians teaching at master level in two universities in each of the three countries, I have studied ways to understand and define the discipline related to teaching practices and the structures within which these practices take place. Rather than taking the reforms as object of study, I have chosen to use them as a methodological means in order to study disciplinary conceptions. The degree structure reforms have created controversies in the six history departments under study. The argumentations developed by the historians in these debates unveil tacit disciplinary conceptions. The variations between different conceptions of history hereby exposed pose the question of the disciplines’ universality and essentialism claimed by many. The analysis of disciplinary conceptions conducted through the analysis of study programmes and the reforms of these study programmes reformulate the question of the relationship between a discipline and its context
Bjork, David Eugène. "Logiques de conversion individuelle et logiques confessionnelles : les modes d'évangélisation mises en oeuvre par les pasteurs anglo-américains présents en France." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE5035.
The question examined by this thesis is that of the experience of conversion in the Protestant Evangelical context and its role in the construction of a unique worldview. The study of several Evangelical groups, fruit of the work of Anglo-American missionaries in France, permits us to observe the variety and religious vitality of this transatlantic movement. It also reveals the dynamics by which these groups maintain the plausibility of their beliefs and their collective and individual sense of belonging. The experience of conversion, and of witnessing, is mot important among theses dynamics. Around this central question we privilege three orientations: the understanding of the mindset and religious experience of the North American Evangelical Missionaries, the examination of what is that these missionaries hope to accomplish and the ways in which they and their communities have been received by the French, the exposition of the influence of recent transformations in religious experience of the French on their work. By studying these Evangelical groups we wish to test, in the French context, the hypothesis of Christian Smith which suggests that a religious movement that unites both clear cultural distinction and intense social engagement will be capable of thriving in a pluralistic, modern society. We conclude that the Anglo-Saxon Evangelical missionaries have indeed been able to start communities in France which draw from their reading of the Bible, from their experience of conversion, and from their religious pilgrimage, convictions, perspectives, values and distinctive commitments which distinguish them in a positive and energizing way from their fellow citizens
Bjork, David Eugène. "Le choc des univers : une analyse comparée des modes d’évangélisation de l’Église catholique et des protestants évangéliques en France, comme révélateurs de leurs compréhensions du monde." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/BJORK_David_Eugene_2009.pdf.
Although French society continues to bear signs of its Christian foundations, the Christian « faith universe » has become unintelligible for a significant number of French citizens. Having made this observation, this thesis argues that there is an Evangelical Protestant world view and a Roman Catholic world view that comprise two systemic realities which maintain two particular perceptions of reality that are rooted in two specific understandings of the saving work of Jesus-Christ. Our hypothesis is that these two multidimensional world views exist within a sociocultural context that offers meaning and answers to life’s ultimate questions to the French people. This thesis analyses the manner in which Evangelical Protestants and Roman Catholics present the message of Christ to the French since 1965, and the process of conversion that they expect from those individuals who decide to enter into their « faith universe ». The goal of this analysis is to throw light upon the systemic realities that are at the heart of their perceptions of reality. Both theological and practical in nature, this study examines the unbelief of our times, and the paths that lead men and women from unbelief to a living experience of God, with the aim of helping today’s Christians to more intelligibly live and communicate their faith
Hubé, Nicolas. "Qu'est-ce que l'actualité "politique" ? : pour une analyse de la hiérarchisation de l'information, regards croisés sur les "unes" de la presse quotidienne française et allemande." Strasbourg 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30014.
The "Front-page" represents news. It is, firstly, the product of a social space of practices, politically and economically built. As producing political representations, it is, secondly, the product of a discurse. As built, the "Front-page", finally, is produced by professionnal practices, where the external constraints are internalizied by the organization, and are interiorized by the actors producing this discurse on the news. This one is, then, as much a means of positioning on the competitive market that on the political market. These three points entrance brings three principal methods of investigations : the comparison like means of giving direction to the context of production ; analysis of the discurse, like means of apprehending the representations of the news historically ; and, finally, ethnographic observation cumulated with the interviews like means of apprehending professional rationalities. The comparison on national presses in France and in Germany allows to observe the differenciated structuration of two professional spaces and by, see how a "market referentiel" makes it entree in France from the eighties, transforming sens of the "Front-page". Not affecting the german newspapers of our corpus, the observation of this referentiel is the occasion to reconsider the "newspaper crises" perception in the two countries
Le, Minor Loïc. "Image des villes : de l'image officielle aux perceptions habitantes : étude comparée de Poitiers et de la Rochelle." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT5015.
Starting up a comparative study on about thirty years between Poitiers et La Rochelle, we tried to evaluate the similarity between the official image spread by the town councils and the perceptions of the inhabitants. First, we brought to light the different ways of building a brand image by the producers of space. It seems that the singularity of each town comes less from the set of themes than from the way they are treated and communicated. Secondly, we approached the representations of the inhabitants to perceive their closeness to the institutional discourse. The image of these towns are revealed as relatively stable in the present and shared both by councillors and citizens
Colin, Thierry. "Analyse sociologique comparative de la pratique du judo pour les enfants de sept à douze ans au Japon et en France." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H027.
Our working hypothesis was that the practice of judo for children was a particularly interesting study subject to show some cultural features and the regular organizations in different countries. In Japan as in France, judo for children has educational, social and cultural aims. All these aims interact, which transforms and redefines judo into an “ethnical motricity”. We chose to compare so as to analyze globally the observation of how the “body techniques” used in judo and the way they are taught varied according to their cultural background. After studying the cultural representativeness and the historical context of judo for children in Japan and in France, we compared how judoka children, parents and teachers see the aims of practicing and the means to it. Then we compared the curriculums and the way they are taught
ある国の文化の特徴と組織機構を明らかにするためには子供向けの柔道が最適の研 究の対象の一つであると仮定して本論文の研究を行った。日本でもフランスでも子 供の柔道は教育と社会と文化の三つの局面を持っている。この三つの局面がそれぞ れ柔道の修行に影響を及ぼすことによって柔道は定義し直されて変更を受けられて いるから柔道の修行は民族的な体の動き方であるといってもよい。柔道で用いられ ている「身体の技術」とその指導はどういう風に文化背景によって異なるかを識別 するように比較による分析方法を選んだ。日本の状況とフランスのを別々にして子供の柔道の文化的な代表性とその歴史背景 を研究してから柔道をする子供達と彼らの両親と指導者の柔道の修行の目的の表象 とそれを果たすための講じた方策を検討した。それから指導の内容とその伝え方に 対しての比較も行った。
Midy, Marie Yonide. "Les pouvoirs de la traduction, pouvoir d'institution : contribution à une sociologie politique de la traduction dans les institutions internationales." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070102.
If translation is useful, it is however not neutral, it influences social relations. Ideologies, from the most virtuou to the most perverse, have been conveyed by translations and translation as a tool of mediation is a politica paradigm because of the urgent need to communicate. Translation as a challenge becomes a model which contain in itself an element of respect for diversity, not only a language tool but a hospitality component. In this thesis, w will try to focus on some of its many social and political effects. We will reflect on the translation in twm international institutions as a metaphor of mediation between cultures. We examine in this research the socio political issues of the translation process within the institutions, from a sociological perspective withou attempting an exhaustive sociography of the translators, their conditions of work in international institutions a social actors or agents in connection with the international communication and linguistic diversity. We wi highlight the role of translators in the institutional project. We will emphasize the importance of the translato invested with a real power in an office of translation in those two international institutions: The United Nation (UN) and a religious institution within the Catholic Church. To conclude, we venture a comparative study o translation practices within these two institutions in order to highlight common and divergent characteristics
Dubarry, Thibaut. "La guerre en temps de paix ? : violences dans la société civile (ganstérisme de masse, terrorisme, émeutes) et militarisation des dispositifs de pacification : la France, l'Afrique du Sud et les Etats-Unis en perspective." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0022.
This Ph. D dissertation analyses violence in 3 societies: South Africa, France and the United States. I defend the thesis that even gangsterism, terrorism and riots are perceived a a new form of war, we assist to a process of pacification and to a demilitarization of repression
Bonnet, François. "La production organisée de l'ordre : contrôler des gares et des centres commerciaux à Lyon et à Milan." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0034.
This work addresses the issues of security, social control and focuses on the problem of the production of order in urban spaces sucha as railway stations and shopping centers. Which actors follow which security policies towards which social groups and why ? The answer is based on fieldwork carried out in four sites : two railway stations and two shopping centers in Lyon and Milan. The thesis is therefore organized around three problems. The first problem is that of the actors of the production of order and and the stakes which animate the definition of the security policies and they implement. The second problem is that of the power relationships on each space. The third problem is that of the relationship between the production of order and immigration. In Lyon and Milan, in both shopping centers and both railway stations, the population considered as threatening by the police and commercial stakeholders are invariably the immigrants in Italy and the children of immigrants in France
Kim, Dong-Sik. "Les comportements socio-politiques et institutions constitutionnelles : l'étude sur les comportements socio-politiques coréens et les institutions politiques administratives de la France et la Corée." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081568.
Saitta, Eugénie. "Les transformations du journalisme politique depuis les années 1980 : une comparaison France / Iitalie." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1G014.
The research questions, in terms of a comparison between France and Italy, the decline of political journalism specialty in the professional hierarchies since the 1980s. Three central and cross-cutting issues emerge from this work. The first concerns the social construction of boundaries of political information, the second the crisis of political journalism and disqualification of its vision of professional excellence, the third the process of depoliticization of political journalism. Our analysis was conducted at three levels -micro, meso and macro- At each level is at stake the definition of politics and its boundaries, and the construction of the place and status of political journalism in the journalistic field's hierarchies. The first level is the organization of the political service, and the hierarchical relationships and competition between groups of journalists inside the newsroom. The second level is the transformation of the journalism field, and of the economic and professional constraints exerted on political journalism. The third level is the transformation of the relationships between the journalistic field and the political field, and the degree of autonomy of the first one towards the second one. The concepts of "field" (Bourdieu) of "rhetoric" (Padioleau) and "paradigm crisis" (Charron, Bonville) are employed in this research which also largely uses theoritical framework from organizational sociology, and sociology of professions, or even interactionism. Our survey by direct observation and semi-structured interviews focuses on the national daily press. It is also attentive to journalistic writing through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of content (based on corpus of articles)
Gally, Natacha. "Le marché des hauts fonctionnaires : une comparaison des politiques de la haute fonction publique en France et en Grande-Bretagne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0019.
This dissertation compares senior civil service reforms in France and Great-Britain in a socio-historical perspective. Whereas these countries are considered as most different cases in the literature on public administration and managerial reforms, I suggest that their historical trajectories display striking similarities in the long run, related to issues of regulation of the administrative labour market. Building on analytical concepts from the sociology of professions and the sociology of labour markets, I argue that in both countries the politics of senior civil service can be explained as a competitive dynamic between actors struggling to define and control the rules of entrance and circulation on the administrative labour market. Four institutional dynamics – professional, administrative, political and educational - are at the core of this evolution, which I suggest can be explained in three successive historical periods: the politics of external closure on the administrative labour market and the professionalization of the “generalists” before the second World War; the politics of centralization and the attempts to create an internal labour market at the top of the State; and finally the opening up of the administrative labour market and the politics of re-regulation at the end of 20th century. This long term historical analysis leads to characterize two ideal-typical models of administrative labour market – a professional one and an organisational one - based on different types of internal segmentation
Wallenhorst, Nathanaël. "Des lycéens entre la France et l'Allemagne : comparer des expériences scolaires." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131009.
This work consists in a comparison between French and German school experiences made thanks to an intercultural device to reveal the most important elements of both experiences. The comparison is made by the actors themselves, secondary school people aged 15 to 17 taking part in a one-year individual school exchange. We cross the French teenagers' points of view and the German teenagers' on the French school experience on the one hand, and on the German school experience on the other hand. The theoretical dimension of this work of sociology on school experience especially based on François Dubet's works, has the specificity of being crossed by the intercultural and the German works of Sciences of Education (in particular with the notion of Bildung). This research, which questions the notion of experience and brings to the fore the cultural dimension of school experience casts a new light on the school experience of all the secondary school pupils and brings in new elements of understanding of the French and German school systems. By using the exchanges as revealing social experiences, and by letting the actors undergoing another experience compare their social experiences themselves, we propose another type of compared education. This work, which consists in an “ethnography of comparison” and not in a “comparison of ethnographies” offers a methodology that can be used in compared education “in vivo” which is bound to develop because of globalization thanks to the development of exchanges
Yaneva, Albena. ""L' affluence" des objets : Pragmatique comparée de l'art contemporain et de l'artisanat d'art." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1063.
Ferreira, Da Silva Alzilène. "O papel do centro histórico na cidade : um estudo comparitivo entre João Pessoa e Tours." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2003.
A comparative study between the historic places of cities of Joao Pessoa, Brazil, and Tours, France was conducted. Our aim was to understand how these historic places are perceived by people, especially by the inhabitants. The study also aims to understand the value that the people will attribute to old buildings after his rehabilitation, related to the enhancement of cultural heritage, which functions as lifting axis of urban policies. An ethnographic analyses shows that both realities reveal not only differences but also similarities
É conspícuo, na cena contemporânea, que o patrimônio e a cultura vêm assumindo posições privilegiadas nas políticas urbanas, apresentando-se como instrumento de transformação do cariz das cidades. No entrecho dessa candente tendência ganha relevo a competitividade entre as urbes, que passam a granjear uma imagem que as tornem vendável, capazes de atrair investimentos e turistas. Nos holofotes desse tablado as cidades tornam-se notáveis protagonistas, dirigidas pelas políticas de reabilitação urbanas. Nesse enredo os centros históricos ganham visibilidade acentuada e são convertidos em palcos para a espetacularização e encenação da vida cotidiana. Imbricado a esse processo de produção de imagens recrudescem nesse cenário o fenômeno da gentrificação
Bégin, Thomas. "Une étude expérimentale de deux réformes électorales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28889/28889.pdf.
Falkenhagen, Frédéric. "Les électorats ethno-régionalistes en Europe occidentale : étude comparée en Bavière, Écosse, Flandre et au Pays de Galles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9kd0r048ok.
This thesis tries to expand the analysis of ethno-regional parties through an international comparative study of their electorates. Our focus is on international constants in sociological structure and ideological orientation. We explore the patterns and structures of four distinct ethno-regional parties' electorates covering almost the full spectrum of de Winter’s scale of ethno-regional party programmes: Plaid Cymru (PC) (Wales, United Kingdom), Scottish National Party (SNP) (Scotland, United Kingdom), Vlaams Blok/ Vlaams Belang (VB) (Flanders, Belgium), Christlich Soziale Union in Bayern (CSU) (Bavaria, Germany). Our analysis uses survey data of the 1990s and early 2000s through a series of specific multiple correspondence analyses and classifications. We focus on socio-demographical data in the first round of analysis and values and opinions in a second one. The results clearly show a close international comparability of ethno-regional party electorates and a number of voter types specific to this type of party. While their social structure is largely identical to other large parties their ideological structure is specific to them and shares strong similarities throughout the cases. We have been able to identify four distinct groups within each of the electorates (federalists, nationalists, protesters and contesters) that define an ethno-regional electorate
Villeneuve, Gaël. "Faire parler le public : une ethnographie comparée des débats politiques à la télévision." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/136516661#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
In my thesis, I have studied the following hypothesis : the people invited to discuss and play on "broadcasted debates" stage emotions, which institute a familiarity between the audience and the discussed political fact. I have focused on four political debates : Le Grand Jury, Mots croisés, the "Débats" page of Le Monde and the British program Question Time. My thesis begins with a theoretical assessment of the two main methodologies used in my fieldwork : an ethnography of the debates and a discourse analysis. Then, a short historical overview, based on secondary sources, linking the history of French and English debates, is presented. This perspective leads me to describe the current organization of these debates, as I attended them during my ethnography. A first section presents "the organization of meetings", how the hosts of the debates receive the guests, and a second section offers a description of the "sequence interactions" - how the external participant evolve in these debates. The final section offers an interpretation of the discourses held in my three French fields. My attention is focused on the way the guests are "grown up" during the debates on the 2005 riots. I also pay attention on the meaning of the exchanges which take place there. These reflections lead me to conclude that "mediatized debates" construct a hybrid space between fidelity to political stakes and marketing requirements
Raoult, Sacha. "La théorisation de l'évolution pénale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32023.
From Montesquieu to Posner, from Durkheim to Foucault, the search for a causal pattern that would best explain the differences between historical systems of penalty on a single scale is an ambitious task, in between sociology of law and a more or less obsolete subject: the philosophy of History. Nowadays, two scattered bodies of hypothesis may be loosely called theories of penal evolution. The first is founded on a far analogy between cultural and biological evolution, which borrows from Law and Economics and recent concepts of natural sciences. The other is rooted in Marxist thought and describes the penal system as an oppressing machine, which follows the evolution of power. Both seem to be satisfying explanations of short term and long term penal evolution. But, by imprinting a normative will on positive considerations, the mainstream literature hides the major discontinuities of penal history and creates others, forcing us to see materialistic changes where there are only intended ones. So that the history it explains will be coherent and intelligible, modern theories have forsaken the study of contradictions and missing links, everything, in penal history, that does not look like a mandriven machine. By rejecting this paradigm, the shape of penal history changes and reveals new subjects such as the porosity of law, the competition of norms on the field of incapacitation, the persistence of physical punishment or the way legal, technical, and sacred history are intertwined
Tan, Eng Bok Georges. "Formation de l'Etat, culture stratégique, et politique militaire : analyse comparative URSS/Chine des permanences et des changements." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100058.
Based on cultural characteristics and geostrategic legacies specific to the USSR and people's Republic of China, this dissertation examines: 1) the role of the military in building the State, 2) the influence of traditional strategic culture in nuclear era, and 3) the ability to meet the American cultural and technological challenge in military policy. Its main finding refers to a conceptual, non-strategic, interpretation of possible causes to the collapse, without fight, of the soviet system
Dohotariu, Anca. "Le couple non marié en Roumanie et en France : une approche de sociologie comparée." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0087.
For over thirty years international reflections on family and private life have tried to understand the deep meanings, expectations and contemporary values of reference that organize the life of a couple. What about Romania? Following a totalitarian regime, the period alter 1989 is characterized by profound transformations of representations and practices of living together. These transformations, more visible among the young population, concern both the spread of cohabitation, the gradual emergence of democratic values and the slow but profound transformation of marriage itself to date these changes have not received the deserved attention from researchers, with few analyses and data available. This thesis presents the results of the first sociological qualitative study dedicated to the unmarried couple in Romania. It is a comparative study based on nearly a hundred in-depth interviews carried out in Bucharest and Marseille. My goal was to observe how the category of the couple is redefined today, and particularly how the representations, practices and values include the issue of gender equality. Further, I was interested to investigate to what extent and how these current changes position Romania in the evolution of contemporary modernity. This work is a comparative study on Romania and France, whose purpose is to capture the similarities and differences between these countries
Jemaï, Mohamed. "La représentation socio-politique au niveau local au Maroc et la problématique modernité-tradition : terrain d'illustration, la ville d'Oujda." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081208.
The traditionnal and socio-political representation of morroco at a local level has been much affected since independance (1956) by the importation of different modern and technical institutions of representation. As wel as society, as a whole, has wittenessed a lot of important changes. . Those tow realities have been understood considered through and whit in the realm of the problematic of modernity and tradition. The aim of this study is not only a descrition but also deals with the evolution of the representative institutions, the elites and their multidimentionnal environment ; in order to demonstrate how and why traditionalism imposed itself to link tradition and modernity, as a socio-cutural system ruling upon reality, but moreover, how it works and links the various fields of social political and economical life
Peker, Efe. "Une sociologie comparative et historique de la sécularisation : formation de l'état républicain en France (1875-1905) et en Turquie (1908-1938)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H082.
This dissertation features a comparative-historical examination of macrosocietal secularisation in France (1875-1905) and Turkey (1908-1938), with particular attention to their republican state building experiences. Bridging the literatures on secularisation theory (sociology of religion) and state formation (comparative-historical sociology), it is the purpose of this work to contribute to “historicising the secularisation debate” by scrutinising the “sociopolitical conflicts” involved in the making of macro-level secularisation (Gorski, 2003b, 2005). The existing literature often interprets different patterns of secularisation through voluntaristic perspectives (overemphasising the ideologies/beliefs of rulers and individuals) or deterministic lenses (anticipating civilisational or modernist path dependencies). To overcome the duality, this study provides a comparative-historical approach that investigates secularisation as a nonlinear, uneven, and dialectical process contingent upon the course of sociopolitical struggles and structural transformations. Differing from many other national states, why did France and Turkey converge to embrace secularism as a central principle and doctrine, based on an accentuated form of “separation” from and “regulation” of religion? What accounts for their divergence, that is, why did the “separation” aspect prove more dominant in French laïcité, whereas “regulation” came to be prominent in Turkish laiklik ? Resting on a rich array of archival and bibliographical sources, my analysis proposes to explain the convergence and divergence between France and Turkey through the interaction of “extra-religious” and “religious” sets of variables. The former set takes into account geographically specific class struggles/alliances, and dynamics of internal/external sovereign state building. The latter set explores the doctrinal/institutional configuration of dominant religions, and the situation of religious minorities. Highlighting the interplay of these “extra-religious” and “religious” dynamics, the dissertation offers an analytical framework to contribute to the social scientific understanding of secularisation/desecularisation beyond the French and Turkish cases. The highly contentious histories of France and Turkey reveal that secularisation is not merely about the conflict of ideational visions. Secularisation is also a concrete state building strategy operationalised through a combination of “separation” and “regulation”. As part of the struggle against religiously affiliated/legitimated sociopolitical contenders, these dual strategies are utilised by bourgeois-national state builders to bring about “differentiation”, “societalisation”, and “rationalisation” (Wallis & Bruce, 1992). While the strategy of separation “differentiates” (and transfers to the state) diverse social functions previously assumed by “religious authority” (Chaves, 1994), the latter’s remaining prerogatives are placed under the regulation of “societally” and “rationally” organised secular bureaucratic institutions. In this sense, secularisation is intimately linked to the consolidation of sovereign infrastructural power (Mann, 1984 ; Soifer, 2008) in “legalinstitutional”, “socio-educational”, “symbolic-ideological”, and “property-distributional” spheres. France and Turkey allow for a cross-religious and cross-regional comparison to crystallise the national and extra-national social forces and mechanisms that influence the ebbs and flows in the secularising process
Ornaghi, Annalisa. "Uno studio comparato sulle disuguaglianze di salute : Italia e Francia." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040155.
The foundations of this work of research derived by the demonstration that the health is conditioning of a multiplicity by factors, the control of which is not exercised by the only health care system.Health inequalities, representing one of the most unjust and severe inequitable forms because health is one of the pre-conditions in order to live out fully individual life. Health inequality constitutes one of the worst scandals of our time, especially in developed and democratic countries.The theme of health inequalities is a subject beloved to the sociology, because their analysis allows, either to observe the social dynamics, either to understand as the social differences are distributed between the individuals within the society, especially with the current global economic crisis.The main objective of this study is, using comparative analysis, identify and distinguish the inequalities in health in the relationship between social conditions, risk factors, territorial context and state of health of the population, in two European countries (France and Italy), in order to understand their dynamics and as the territorial context affects the inequalities of health of individuals. Through a transnational approach this research project identifies differences and similarities between the two case studies.The results from our analysis, demonstrate the existence of "unexpected" similarities between groups of French and Italian people, despite different characteristics of social welfare and health systems
Berrebi-Hoffmann, Isabelle. "Pouvoir et contrôle dans les entreprises d'expertise : une approche socio-économique des organisations fondées sur le savoir : le cas du conseil en informatique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0037.
Based on three case studies of leading consulting and service firms in France and in the USA, this thesis adress two issues: 1- the control of professionals in knowledge based organizations 2- the governance of radically decentralized firms the empirical material consists of three sociological surveys ( 200 qualitative semi-directive interviews of consultants and managers, and a study of management systems. The dissertation has four parts. The first part deals with the history of management and computer consulting firms in France, since the sixties. Then, the different sorts of decentralized structures (from federal forms to free-lance networks), these firms have adopted are analysed. Because of their radically decentralized forms and the intellectual aspects of the professionals work, these firms have to face power and control challenges, which are examined through the example of computer consulting companies. The second and the third parts present the dramatically different organizational solutions the two leading European firms have built. The first one is based on organizational tools and mechanisms of social and political control of the structures and the professionals, the second one is based on incitations, contracts and internal markets. The thesis shows then that both solutions implies horizontal control mechanisms instead of vertical ones. The last part induced from the cases, offers some more general hypotheses on control and governance of knowledge based organizations. It shows that the control is actually extremelly efficient even if it is not direct and hierarchical. This is contradictory with recent economical organization theory which considers control as a problem because of "information assymetry" and "opportunism". The thesis shows that these theories ignore the existence of social controls and neglict the fact that uncertainty can be a constraint and not a ressource for people who control it
Dos, Santos Marie. "Usages de traitements de substitution aux opiacés : étude comparative : France, Suisse et Québec." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG017/document.
For a long time, ending drug addiction meant completely stopping any consumption. In the context of harm reduction policies, the introduction of substitution treatments has drastically changed the abstinence paradigm. Ending an addiction has taken a plural meaning, adding complexity to the delimitation already porous between “normal and pathological”. Nowadays stabilizing Methadone maintenance treatment or taking drugs on an irregular basis are perceived as an alternative to abstinence or other forms of recovery. In this thesis, wiitch deals with polysemic uses of substitution treatment, we analyze the attempts and strategies of the adjustment process in entering an addiction centre. The aim of this study is to show the different competencies that people can display in situations of vulnerability. Our interest is to find out how valuable expertise can emerge from the layperson point of view
Karakioulafis, Christina. "Une lecture comparative des relations professionnelles en France et en Allemagne : la dynamique des relations professionnelles et leurs enjeux sociétaux : l'analyse sociétale peut-elle constituer un outil d'examen des relations professionnelles dans une perspective comparative ?" Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010524.
Alam, Thomas. "Quand la vache folle retrouve son champ : une comparaison transnationale de la remise en ordre d’un secteur d’action publique." Lille 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/40/54/39/PDF/ThAlam.pdf.
Based on a comparaison between France and Britain, the thesis studies a sectoral reform that would have been made compulsory after the 1996 BSE crisis. It shows how change is promoted in a policy sector (food safety) and how is contributes to its existence by enhancing its administrative legitimacy. Rather than taking change for granted, change is apprehended through its symbolic dimension, whose shaping highly depends on the struggles over the sector’s dominaion. The latter are an integral part of the crisis building, the policy timing (the rupture) and the nessity of change. Through a transnational brokers, it reasserts that the foreign reference is a weapon as well as an issue of national sectoral struggles. Far from a top down and uniform implementation of an international good practice, its translation is significantly filtered by the singularities of the domestic space
Ornaghi, Annalisa. "Uno studio comparato sulle disuguaglianze di salute: Italia e Francia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368199.
Brun, Matthieu. "Microsociologie politique comparée de la mémoire du développement en milieu rural à Madagascar (Itasy) et au Maroc (Souss Massa Drâa)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0314.
Over the years, development operations have left many marks, which intertwine in the landscape and overlap in the people’s memory. While the approaches regarding development deal mainly with the future and are seldom focused in analyzing the past, this thesis aims at studying the memory of the development operations for the inhabitants of 7 communes in Madagascar and Morocco. Using a mixed methods research and both quantitative and qualitative data analyses, this thesis sets out to understand the narratives, evocation and recollection of material and intangible imprints left through carrying out development projects and programs. This thesis is structured around three dimensions: the memory reconstruction processes, the narratives’ contents and the differential use of the memory as a resource. This thesis provides a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding development operations and proves that the memory of these operations is turned by the people into a set of resources, unevenly distributed among individuals. Finally, this thesis challenges the mainstream discourse on development history, taking an innovative perspective
Marcodoppido, Fabio. "S'en remettre à un spécialiste de la santé mentale : regards croisés sur des services publics en France et en Italie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS033S.
This research proposes a reinterpretation of delegation of care in mental health public policy. The purpose of the following comparative analysis is to analyse how, in France and Italy, political actors, professionals and publics tacked part at this collective action form 1960 to 2010. At first, the thesis analyses the texts of all politicians who instituted the birth of services "mental health" in the countries concerned. Further investigation to analyse the speech of actors directly or indirectly involved in the delegation of care (patients and its families), is presented in a second time. Performed first in Italy and then in France, further investigation helps to know how people have participated in the delegation of psychiatric care. The study shows how a priori the opposite way, the French and Italian cases lead their public policy: respectively, "fight against mental illness" versus "protecting mental health. " These modes are really only two variants of the same political risk, which aims both to neutralize the other, to prevent what is seen as a threat to the community or individuals. By maintaining the psychiatric hospital, the French model is aimes to eliminate mental illness in individuals, while the development of the community services, the Italian model aims to protect the community from risks related to mental health
Setbon, Michel. "Analyse des processus décisionnels en santé publique dans la lutte contre l'épidémie de SIDA : les politiques comparées de dépistage de l'infection par le VIH en France, Grande-Bretagne et Suède." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0010.
Decision-making concerning HIV infection (coming before the eventuality of developing aids) and national modalities of testing are analysed as policies attempting to respond both to a public health problem, preventing the spreading of contamination, and to a public problem, the fear of contamination. That gives them a great heterogeneity, unusual regarding biological practice and explains the quarrelling and unstable character of national policies. The comparison points out national choices as a social and political construction through a decision-making-process in which different structured-interests-groups in conflict try to direct policy testing to a pattern corresponding to their strategies. In 1985 the availability of HIV test and its introduction in the blood transfusion services put an end to the non-decision period noticed in the three studied countries inducing the politicization phase during which policies testing were concived and worked out. These policies get organized around a politico-technical coalition fitting the priority objective of the policy; this aim may be : epidemiological (detecting "groups risks"), medical (detecting seropositives in order to get them into the health care system) or in a direction of primary prevention (helping individuals to reduce their risk level to avoid futur hiv infection). These choices are expressed by very well differenciated national policies, quantitatively and qualitatively : two of them are extensive (France and Sweden), the third one is selective (Great-Britain) trying to meet individuals with behavior risks
Mianowska, Bednarz Ewelina. "Autour de la participation de l’enfant : éude comparative : région Île-de-France et région de Mazovie (Pologne)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080129.
In recent years we have observed some shift toward viewing children as human beings with a distinct set of rights instead of as passive objects of care and charity. In this point, the preventive policy for street children is an interesting topic of sociological research. Street children aren’t well known in France and the public authorities don’t recognise this phenomenon as a public issue. Comparing the situation in Poland and in France is interesting and bring new perspectives. Our thesis aims to understand this public policy and especially how children’s participation can change its application.This thesis explores the hypothesis that preventive policy for street children are a part of public policies that focus on the child and that the normative references are ambivalent. The concept of child’s participation also reveals the ambivalent normative references. The idea of child’s participation can be a purpose or a mean. The implementation of these concepts causes several normative decompositions.Our research allows to understand that the meaning given to street children’s participation does not only varies between regions, but is also different at the official orientation level given to the social policy, the policy-makers discourse, and the forms of local policy. The family and collective vision also has an impact on the social policy in France and results in few actions taking into account the participation of children in Ile-de-France. On the other hand, in Mazovia, the importance of liberal and individualistic ideology makes it possible to legitimize policy guidelines that support the participation of children
Cousin, Bruno. "Cadres d'entreprise et quartiers de refondation à Paris et à Milan : contribution à l'analyse différenciée du rapport des classes supérieures à la mixité socio-spatiale et aux dynamiques d'auto-ségrégation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0031.
This dissertation analyzes upper-middle class attitudes towards socio-spatial mixing. More specifically, I study several neighborhoods located at the immediate peripheries of Paris and Milan, and whose populations are primarily made of private sector executives. These areas harbor high-standing residential complexes, composed of hundreds or thousands of units located in high-rise buildings erected within the last thirty years, close to the new business centers of Segrate (Milan) and La Défense (Paris). Arising out of big construction operations of leveling, reconstruction and repopulation (and sometimes enclosure), they have erased the previous memory of the sites on which they now stand, following a process of social upgrading I call "refoundation", and which I distinguish clearly from much-studied processes of gradual gentrification. In the course of the demonstration, I follow (1) an historical perspective, retracing Parisian and Milanese bourgeoisies’ successive attitudes towards the fragmentation of urban space; (2) a statistical perspective involving multivariate and typological analysis of the distribution of various social groups within the Milan urban area (to complement available data on Paris compiled by Edmond Préteceille); (3) Last but not least, based on 89 in-depth interviews and the series of ethnographic observations I carried out in Levallois, Courbevoie and Segrate, I restitutes some of the constructions of meaning, symbolic universes and registers of justification used by locals, in order to account for their residential choices and their tendency to approve of upper middle-class self-segregation
Vitale, Philippe. "L'enseignement de la sociologie : vers une étude comparative des curricula européens." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10099.
Bardes, Julia. "La sensibilité écologique : de la révolte romantique à la crise écologique contemporaine : une analyse sociologique comparée du sentiment de la nature en Occident." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0039.
This thesis, dedicated to the history and development of the ecological thought, explores the collective mindsets that contribute to the open mindedness of one society to the new ideas of ecology, according to the traditions of thought, cultural conceptions of nature and religious and political cultures at work in a given country. Two case studies attracted our attention : Germany and the United States. Through strong fantasies on nature and a prolific intellectual environmental reflection these two countries appear as privileged matrixes to analyse the collective, ethical and ideological values attached to the protection of nature and the currents of thought at work in the collective environmental mind – from elaborated discursive reasoning to public opinion. This contextualising approach of the emerging ecological cultures allows a broader reflection on the specific affinities between Protestantism and environmentalism through the confrontation of historical considerations and empirical analysis of social representations of nature and the environment in the European public
Garneau, Stéphanie. "Les mobilités internationales à l'ère de la globalisation : une comparaison sociologique des carrières spatiales et des socialisations professionnelles d'étudiants français et québécois." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/garneau_s.
What is the importance of the spatial dimension of social life when the economy is globalizing, education systems are internationalizing and mobility is becoming a social value? To answer this question we looked at the foreign student as an analyser figure of the current transformations. The research relies on 80 biographical stories of young people originating from France and Quebec and was performed using a comparative approach. The selection criteria used for the sample were that they had done at least one student exchange in the late 90's and that they were working or looking for work in their society of origin when interviewed. The research carries on three objectives. The first consists of analyzing the relationship between work integration and how the individual relates to space when mobility becomes a social norm. Our task is to identify and define the conditions of appropriation of international space by individuals, in the process of professional socialization. The second objective aims to study the modes of interaction, the oppositions and the negociations between individual actors and social structures throughout their academic and professional despatialized paths. Specifically, we analyse each phase of the spatial and professional carreers, the concept of carreer allowing us to articulate the subjective (expectations, representations) and objective (opportunities and constraints) dimensions of biographical itineraries. Finally, the third objective is to understand carreers in light of the structural conditions of both the societies taken into consideration. The comparative approach has the advantage of exposing the societal stuctures involved in the social construction of the international mobility and professional socialization phenomenons
Notte, Olivier. "L'institutionnalisation du public-témoin comme forme de gouvernementalité : la consultation du public de la directive cadre européenne sur l'eau." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817475.
Buscatto, Marie. "L'évolution organisationnelle, un "ordre asymétrique négocié" sous influence sociétale : analyse comparative de deux sociétés privées de service." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010602.
Bouchet-Valat, Milan. "Les rouages de l’amour et du hasard : homogamie et hypergamie dans la France et l’Europe contemporaines : dimensions socioéconomique et d’éducation, variations et mécanismes." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0036/document.
The persistance of social homogamy is regularly observed; the tendency to form couples in which the woman occupies a lower position than her partner – female hypergamy – is also well documented: love is far from blind to social distinctions. Yet, it was concluded somewhat too fast from this major result that these phenomena have remained stable over time. This thesis shows, based on large-scale survey data, that education, social class and social class of origin homogamy has significantly weakened over the last forty years in France. This trend goes beyond what changes in the population structure would have implied (relative homogamy): the composition of couples has become closer to a random mating situation. Hypergamy has also clearly diminished, and has even reversed regarding education; females hold higher qualifications than their partners since the year 2000. As a consequence, the higher celibacy rate of women with a high social status, in particular that of the higher educated, which stemmed from their unfavorable position on the conjugal market, has converged to that of other groups. The variations of these two dimensions of partner choice over 64 regions of Europe in the 2000s are also sizable. Educational homogamy is higher than socioeconomic homogamy; hypergamy is the most frequent situation, but it is not an absolutely general pattern. The degree of cultural liberalism and of social openness appears as the strongest determinant of these two phenomena. They are negatively correlated with female labor force participation, but their relationship with economic inequalities is ambiguous
Fares, Abbas. "Une étude comparative des banques locales libanaises et celles languedociennes : types de management et structures sociales." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30041.
The study envisages the two contexts of lebanese local banks and regional and local banks of languedoc-roussillon. It analyzes in the first and the second chaptres the currents and the sociopolitical tendencies, the socio-economical structures in each region of research. The inquiry manages with the study banks, in the third chaptre, presents with the board of synthesis the indispensable material for analyse the elements and the essential factors in the comparaison and however the types of management and the social structures in these banks, that the fourth chaptre. The conclusion includes the diverse policies practise for these banks and however the social policy
Galonnier, Juliette. "Choosing faith and facing race : converting to Islam in France and the United States." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0016.
This research is about race and religion. While scholars typically understand them separately, I propose instead to explore occurrences in which they are conflated. Specifically, I track instances of racial reasoning that occur in relation to the religion of Islam in Western societies, by focusing on the specific experiences of Muslim converts. By crossing religious boundaries, converts shed light on the nature and content of such boundaries, and enable us to decide whether they are simply religious or also embody racial difference. The case of white converts is particularly interesting: because their conversion implies transitioning from one social status (majority) to another (minority), they offer a near-experimental case to investigate how racial categorization operates. Methodologically, I combine the meticulousness of qualitative methods with the bird’s eye view of comparatism. Using in-depth interviewing with 82 converts in France and the United States; ethnographic observations in convert associations in Paris and Chicago; and content analysis of media and historical documents, I compare the past and present experiences of French and American converts to answer the following: how and when is conversion to Islam interpreted in terms of changing one’s racial status rather than a mere change in religious orientation? In addition to shedding light on the complex interplay between race and religion, this research contributes to transatlantic comparative scholarship, by highlighting differences across the French and American contexts in the conversion process, the encounter with race and the strategies used by converts to reclaim control over their definition of self
Treffot, Anne-Elisabeth. "L'Espagne, un nouveau pays d'immigration : l'exemple des immigrées roumaines (analyse comparative)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998655.
Didierjean, Romaine. "Les pratiques physiques et sportives des filles originaires de Turquie : conditions de pratique, genre et appartenances culturelles : une comparaison franco-allemande." Université de Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1102.
Boncourt, Thibaud. "L'internationalisation de la science politique : une comparaison franco-btitannique : (1945-2010)." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40012/document.
This work aims at contributing to the study of scientific internationalisation processesthrough a study of the specific case of political science from 1945 to 2010. This is doneon the basis of a comparison between France and Britain and a theoretical frameworkrevolving mainly around the concept of field and drawn from the sociology of scienceand political sociology. The demonstration is divided into three main parts. The first oneis a comparative historical sociology of two transnational political science organisations– the International Political Science Association (IPSA) and the European Consortiumfor Political Research (ECPR). The second is based on a comparative study of threepolitical science journals – the Revue Française de Science Politique, Political Studiesand the European Journal of Political Research. The third lies on a comparativeanalysis of British and French political scientists’ international careers, using materialdrawn from life-history interviews. The combined analysis of these three different typesof data leads us to conclude that an international field of political science hasprogressively emerged and that this field, while partially autonomous from nationaldevelopments, has its structures and rules partly linked to those of the American field. Asecond conclusion is the strong impact of decentralisation, autonomisation andspecialisation processes on the conditions and forms of the internationalisation ofnational fields
Bernon, Marie-Laure. "Représentations sociales de la culture dans les petites communes de région Centre : Une étude comparative d'Issoudun à Vendôme et Châteaudun." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE1148.
Social representation of culture is interesting for a sociology of culture by putting in perspective theknowledge about cultural practices with their values and meanings for individuals. Different elementsallow an identification of a social representation in Issoudun, which is used in various ways by socialactors.The different uses of the notion of culture depend on occupation in general, and in the local system ofculture, in which political actors weight heavily in small cities. The relations between cultural practicesand representations underline different ways of life. Local factors of social representations are alsodescribed, specifically regarding the socioeconomic profile of the local population and the rural contextof the cities. The results show that the main expression of social differences stays rather on a mindlyperspective than on a practical one.The impact of rural context on social representation of culture appears mainly in political speeches. Thepolitical way to think the cultural phenomenon in rural spaces leads to specific actions which allow toidentify different types of cultural policies. In this way, culture is also used to revalue the idea of ruralityto build a new cultural identity of the city
Jolivet, Anne. "La participation des citoyens à la fonction de juger en France et en Italie : une étude socio-anthropologique du jury populaire en cour d’assises." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20127.
The purpose of the research is to compare French and Italian juries through a socio-anthropological study of judicial practice in criminal courts. It reports on the different experiences of jurors by carefully studying court procedure, as well as the interactions and relations between laymen and legal professionals within a session.What are the main findings that emerge from comparing French and Italian juries? They can broadly be divided into three parts. Firstly, observation of "the law in motion" reveals that, despite the theoretical similarities between the two systems, the practicalities of involving citizens in judging crimes are different in France and Italy. It is then possible to examine the mechanics in view of the legal culture in both countries and, in return, the characteristics of their juries give us an insight into France and Italy’s democratic values. Secondly, juries appear to be a "socializing institution" for individuals who are required to attend court. This element of socialization has a decisive influence on the "authentic experience" of jurors, making it a "direct experience" of the suffering of others and the functioning of democracy. Thirdly, comparing French and Italian juries provides an opportunity to reflect on modern times and the current issues surrounding the presence of laymen within the judiciary. Juries may be seen as a "worthy" institution able to restore the credibility of the judicial system, stimulate legal professionals and raise individual awareness amongst jurors of the importance of their participation in maintaining social cohesion
L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è di mettere a confronto la giuria popolare francese con quella italiana sviluppando uno studio socio-antropologico basato sulla pratica giudiziaria osservabile nelle corte d’assise. Si è cercato di mostrare le differenze nel modo di vivere l’esperienza di giurato osservando accuratamente, per ciascuno dei due contesti, il rituale giudiziario, le interazioni e le relazioni tra componenti laici e togati presenti durante una sessione. Quali sono i principali risultati che emergono del paragone delle giurie popolari francesi e italiane? Ne emergono soprattutto tre. Primo, sebbene ci siano delle somiglianze dell’impianto teorico su cui si fondano i due sistemi della giuria popolare, l’osservazione del “diritto in movimento” rivela quanto il loro funzionamento pratico sia diverso. Si descrivono nei dettagli i meccanismi del funzionamento della giuria popolare mettendoli in rapporto con la cultura giuridica di ogni paese mostrandoci, allo specchio, le caratteristiche dei loro costumi democratici. Secondo, la giuria popolare appare come un’“istituzione di sociabilità” per chi vi prende parte. La dimensione sociale influisce sull’“esperienza autentica” vissuta dai giurati agendo direttamente sul modo di percepire la sofferenza altrui e del funzionamento dei processi democratici. Terzo, il confronto tra giuria francese e italiana ci permette di porre l’accento sull’attuale modernità di questa istituzione e sulle sue implicazioni nella procedura penale. La giuria popolare può essere considerata come un’”istituzione buona” in grado di contribuire all’attendibilità del procedimento giuridico, di conferire autorevolezza alla pratica quotidiana dei magistrati togati e di indurre la consapevolezza, in ogni giudice popolare, dell’importanza della sua partecipazione attiva per il mantenimento del legame sociale
Cardinal, Martin. "Étude comparative des théories des mouvements sociaux: Le cas de l'altermondialisation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26596.
Debaene, Vincent. "Les Deux Livres de l'ethnographe : l'éthnologie française au XXe siècle: entre science et littérature." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040209.
This study reviews the history of the relationship between literature and the social sciences in France during the 20th century from the vantage point of a particular discipline, ethnology. It is a striking fact that several members of the first generation of ethnographers published two books, one “literary”, one “scientific”. The most famous cases are those of Michel Leiris, author of L’Afrique fantôme (1934) and of La Langue secrète des Dogons de Sanga (1938), and Claude Lévi-Strauss, who wrote both La Vie familiale et sociale des Indiens Nambikwara (1948) and Tristes tropiques (1955). There is further proof of this inter-disciplinary confrontation between science and literature in the work of Alfred Métraux, Marcel Griaule, and Jacques Soustelle, among others. The first part of this study considers the foundation of the ethnology; a second part locates the discipline in the context of travel-writing in the twentieth century. The central part of the thesis is then devoted to an historical and epistemological investigation which interprets the emergence of the social sciences in terms of a final prolongation of the crisis of “Belles-Lettres”, the crisis which began at the turn of the nineteenth century (during the years in which the opposition between science and literature began to crystallise). What is at stake here is a complex process whereby "the artist was dispossesed by the scientist" (Lanson), whereby the social sciences came to adapt the knowledge of man hitherto reserved to literature and so dissolve the ties between literature and anthropology that had formerly been sustained by rhetoric. A fourth and final part of the thesis qualifies this pessimistic assessment by analysing in more detail the modes of articulation that, in practice, may relate literary writing and scientific speech