Дисертації з теми "Sociologie de la santé – Pérou"
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Charrasse, Fanny. "Magies de la modernité : illégitimité et légitimation du magnétisme en France et du chamanisme au Pérou." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHES0023.
For a long time, in industrial societies, magical practices such as shamanism, fortune-telling, spiritualism or magnetism were disqualified, even repressed, on the pretext that they were incompatible with modernity: from the point of view of an “analogic” ontology they seemed destined to disappear in western and westernized countries, because of the growing power of “naturalism”—to use the categories forged by Philippe Descola. In the past few decades, however, we can observe how these magical and traditional practices are increasingly tolerated. In some cases, they are even promoted and protected by institutional actors (for instance, in hospitals or museums). To explain this change of attitude, many researchers invoke a general cultural change. This invocation, however, not only ignores analyses of how this change is related to structural transformations of industrial societies, but also obstructs examination of how these practices have transformed. These transformations are the object of study in this PhD dissertation, which consists of two empirical case-studies: magnetism in France and shamanism in the Lambayeque region of Peru. On the basis of comparative research combining ethnography and socio-historical investigation, I analyze the significant social work, often left in the shadows by scholars studying it, that has been done in recent decades to conform these two practices to the expectations of industrial modernity—a process I call “simple modernization” and that involves their professionalization and marketization. In doing so, I show that contemporary challenges of the foundations of industrial society, through critique of the superiority granted to western (naturalist) knowledge over ancient (analogic) knowledge, is not a “return to the past” as some actors would claim, but rather a next step in the accomplishment of the project of modernity—corresponding, in this case, to the transition to reflexive modernization. The dissertation establishes the central role that the social sciences play in this process, a role of which, it is argued, they should become more aware
Lavrard-Meyer, Cécile. "Le vote des pauvres au Pérou de 1978 à 2001." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030160.
This doctoral thesis aims at understanding the particularity of the poor's vote at the Peruvian presidential elections, from the democratic transition in 1978 to the election of President Alejandro Toledo in 2001. Based on mapping and statistics, the analysis presents the trends in participation; it unveils the tendency of the vote in the poorest areas, first under the system of political parties in the 1980s, and then in Alberto Fujimori's direct relation with the population, in the 1990s. It reveals the progressive opposition of the vote of the poor districts of Lima and of the underpriviledged provinces of the Andes. It shows the growing awareness of the poor electorate as regards the populist behaviour of the candidates and, more recently, as regards their ethnicity
Bey, Marguerite. "De la Survie au développement : une étude comparative de deux communautés paysannes : Casinta et Tomas dans la Haute Vallée du Canete, Pérou." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010630.
The object of this thesis is the study of social change within the peasant commu nity. It bears on two communities situated in the Peruvian central highlands, in a valley near the capital. The behavior of the peasant families is considered over a thirty-year period, during which the communities underwent rapid transformations due to the growing influence of two factors: education and the monetarisation of the peasant economy, acompanied by ever-greater exchanges with the outside world. This analysis of the economic and social changes within the community centers on the significance of these factors in redefining, first, collective organisation, then the framework of the peasant families lives. A study of the strategies which these families develop in order to improve living conditions reveals that their reproduction is not solely dependent on " communal" organisation, but also that the community remains a social and economic frame of reference for its members. The dialectic of individual and general interests defines the dynamics of the community's development
Salmon, François. "Le choléra au Pérou : leçon pour un continent à risque." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P013.
Bourret, Pascale. "Connaissance médicale et sociologie de la santé : problématique d'une nécessité." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX10004.
In this work we try to answer the general question : how to build medical knowledge as a sociological object ? in the first part we make a review of medical sociology from its origins up to its recent reshaping as a sociology of health. Looking at the main currents (functionalist, professional, marxist and phenomenological and interactionist) we point out the central questions of each of these approaches, but give a greater importance to a broad criticism towards the construction of the object as well as towards the unquestionned assumptions in the field. This review shows that all these approaches agree on the way they deal with medical knowledge since they fail to build it as an object. In the second part we outline a possible way to build this unexisting object. This attempt appears necessary first on a methodological point of view (to call into question traditional presuppositions), and also on regards our hypothesis upon the centrality of the epistemological dimension of the medical process. Adopting an approach which is both constructivist and anti-positivist as well as critical towards the tendancy to avoid any questioning on the content of science itself which is common to the sociology of knowledge and to the sociology of science, our thesis develops three main assertions : knowledge as a work, knowledge as a production, knowledge as a social relationship. We question the separation between theory and practice and view knowledge not only as a cognitive pratice but mainly as the result of practices based on the appropriationby the means of professionalisation- of collective capacities ; and these pratices produce and inscribe social divisions and relationships which express societal projects. In the third part we sketch some possible ways of research from medical genetics, more particularly on prenatal diagnosis
Fernandez, Guillaume. "Famille et santé : analyse de l'activité de santé dans la vie quotidienne des femmes." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20060.
Abstract. The sociological study of the activity of health of the women in the family makes necessary to emancipate from finalist presupposition often introduced to characterize these practices. The hypothesis of this research is as follow : the women produce a specific form of activity of health integrated in logics of everyday life which, without being finalized a priori for health, direct and control the dynamic of life of family. First statistical data (N = 195) shows three groups of women ; each one of them has a specific way of control of their family life and health. A first group, of lower-class women, is more often in situation where the familial incorporated pattern does not constitute an operational model regarding the situation experienced. A second group of women belonging to the rich class, acts in situations where the group's dynamic of life is formulated in a more consensual way, within an internal or external frame concerning the family. Finally, a third group characterized of diversified social profiles is engaged in a familial relational process by which the women reformulate in a recurring way, a dynamic of life less standardized and less integrated. Subsequently, a corpus of interviews (N = 41) makes it possible to locate these types of activities in biographical courses and to understand the relationship which these people builds between the activities of the everyday life and health. This reveals that the integration of family's way of life in a social frame, which provides norms and rules valid of life, and the insertion of women in a social role conformed to this frame, are the two dimensions, by which a control of group's dynamics of life and health is formulated
Iglesias, Daniel. "Réseaux transnationaux et dynamiques contestataires en exil : sociologie historique des pratiques politiques des dirigeants des partis populaires apristes (1920-1962)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070002.
This PhD essay concerns with the emergence and then the evolution of an anti-imperalistic, nationalist and democratic transnational network. The scientifïc interest and the originality of this historical sociology research lie in the uniqueness of this local and global collective action. This work tries to explain this network's way of functioning, distribution and organization, as well as the relational ties of this transnational experience ideologically close to the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA). In the scope of a theoretical reflection about the nature of the transnational political phenomena, this thesis also claims to be an application of the tools of the social networks analysis on a double scale collective actions (local and global). Furthermore, this essay proposes a reconsideration of methodologies and classical readings on the popular Aprista parties. In this sense, we inted to demonstrate that the embeddeness of political partisan elites close to this trend in networks allowed the creation of an original political and organizational culture between 1924 and 1960. For this, and after examining the implications and the types of interpersonal ties in this network, and especially the influence of this circulation on the political game of the Partido Aprista Peruano and venezuelan Action Democratica, we propose a modelization of action-set as an interpersonal field where networks and the interaction between the different actors turn out to be central
Piérart, Julien. "Les mondes locaux de la santé publique." Université catholique de Louvain, 2004. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-12202004-170747/.
Chagnollaud, Fanny. "La comunidad andine, du village au quartier : l’invention d’une culture andine urbaine à Ayacucho (Pérou)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2012. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343086507.
Located in the south-central Andes of Peru, the city of Ayacucho underwent an accelerated urbanization process from the 1950’s, nourished by the massive arrival of immigrants from the Andean rural districts of the area. Peopled today with more than 151.000 inhabitants, it appears like a conglomerate of settlements gathered around the historical colonial centre of the city. A large majority of these settlements is the result of collective lands invasions organized by the immigrants. This work analyses the formation process and daily functioning of these settlements. It shows how, to found them and ensure their permanence, the immigrants reproduced the traditional Andean social structures and mechanisms, adapting them to the urban context. The objective of this study is to show that, by doing so, these immigrants invented an urban Andean culture. Those settlements they built are indeed a transposition in the urban environment of the Andean “comunidad”, generally considered a rural institution
Etienne, Jean-Michel. "Les inégalités sociales de santé : implications de politique économique." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020005.
Bédard-Lessard, Jordan. "Développement et santé : pratiques et besoins socio-sanitaires locaux. L’expérience d’un organisme communautaire dans le district de Comas, à Lima, au Pérou." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31030.
Dabrion, Marlyne. "La santé communautaire : mythe ou réalité ? : le cas de la Guadeloupe." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H068.
The "socio-anthropological" investigation intends to find out the Guadeloupian images about health in itself, the reached health types being : - community view -hedonist view or -other a sample survey has been held over 785 persons with a set of 29 close-up questions. The study of health in Guadeloupe through this inquiry shows out a patchwork concerning the different levels of society : man, family, friends, neighborhood, district, borough, it shows out diverse characters. Clos-up observations prove or don't prove a split between apriorism and sanitary image. Contrary to common ideology health at the subspace levels : man, family, neighborhood. A partially community subspace formed by the entity the friends. The adjustment between health policy and health image will take into account these results. Beside from the comparison with the Dominican Republic it must be remembered : -one side, it's a small state which has sad records of bad health indexes, with a knowledge of community approach but without any financial means. - on the other side, a French district with health indexes close to the average French national level but with no community approach
Nédélec, Françoise. "Sida et vie quotidienne : approche anthropologique et sociologique des aspects relationnels et affectifs." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H082.
This study, adopting a close approach through the individual life-stories of people directly affected by the HIV virus, is an attempt to understand now only react and cope with this situation in their everyday lives. To what extent does one announcement of a threat modify their everyday lives? What sort of problems arise? What changes are gradually taking place as the disease develops. The first part describes a few major typologies on which our work is based; the second is made up of three chapters: the announcement of a seropositive diagnosis, a silent evolution, and the passage to full blown AIDS. Our purpose has been to differentiate the diverse aspects of experience and to find out how social interactions influence emotional and interpersonal life. The third part we have tried to bring out the anthropological forms that are predominant and the ones that are built up to face this ordeal. This reality characterized by a high dependence on the surrounding word, is made up of social exclusion and community links in which a certain view of life is rooted
Romijn, François. "S’exposer en inquiétude. Le sujet fait et défait avec les médiations nouvelles sur sa santé." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/268731.
This work originates in the observation that individuals are more than ever before involved in contexts where new knowledge about their biological life – produced by the technological and scientific progresses – are directly accessible to them (about their bodies, neurons, genes). Within easy reach, an ever-growing number of objectifying signs and data related to the biological self puts the individuals to test. They are confronted to inquietudes they have to cope with. We are investigating this societal phenomenon in a manner that the very diverse movements allowing the individual to integrate these data can be precised. Building on an anthropological problematic questioning how human beings find arrangements with situations in which they are not only confronted to others but also with objectifying data related to their biological life, the research focuses on the dynamics of individual users integrating the findings made while using three different health-related mediations (the classic medical examination, health-related information on the Internet, health-related direct-to- consumer genomic tests). We adopt a set of complementary sociological tools based on a plural conception of the subject; which do not limit the analysis of the action ‘taking place’ in a situation as guided only by a strategic or a managerial assumption.Through a pragmatic approach of the uneasiness exposed, we shed light on insightful dynamics irreducible to the often expected autonomy of an individual taking decisions informed by a shared knowledge required to participate to public debates. A careful analysis of the subject’s action highlights dynamics that have received little attention with regards to ‘what is worth in a given situation’. Moving from a fieldwork to another, we did not focus on the action’s heterogeneity as much as the way the individual brings together different positions that s/he can hold in order to arrange with these discoveries related to one’s biology. On the three sites investigated, the examination of the subject’s consistence draws the analysis toward the composite nature of the action. Rather than considering the equivocal features and sometimes the outright ambiguity of the conducts as a failure of the analysis, our research effort contributes achieving a better understanding of the pervasiveness of composition in our relationship to our self and the others in the social context related to biology.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Merlaud, Fabien. "La médecine de l'obésité en France : sociologie des engagements experts dans la normalisation de la corpulence." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2422/.
Focused on the study of the medicine of obesity in France, this thesis seeks to understand how the commitments of the experts transform the standards of the individuals' body size and their health and how they may influence the direction of a nutritional policy. The proposed analysis is based, first, on the study in the time of the setting of the nutrition as a public health problem on the political agenda until the recent emergence of the more specific issue of the obesity. Through the establishment of a nutrition policy called the National Nutrition and Health Program (NNHP), it is mainly the slimming market that finds a great echo for his growing in at least three directions: the production and sale of appetite suppressants, of nutraceuticals, as well as publishing and marketing of diets. The public health argument becomes for all the actors involved in this field a rhetorical device in order to be located on the right side of the border of the "healthy" and the "unhealthy". Given this re-appropriation in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, the very existence of the NNHP and its preventive tools makes debates. Its promoters are exposed to three types of controversies over the status attributed to the obesity and its health consequences, around the prevention devices, and the care devices. To capture these changes, we study, secondly, the developments, knowledge and devices that come to support these experts' judgments. The controversies allow to see existing normative references and at the same time they are the place where other "bets" on the future are made, challenging the epidemic and pathological point of view. Finally, these different designs can lead to discrepancy but also shared findings. The research also proposes to question the boundaries of the medicine of obesity established by the experts who present their interventions unanimously as "multidisciplinary" while there are voices which rise against a medicine which fails to allow people to permanently lose weight
De, Souza Givanilda Aquino. "Faible présence de la population démunie dans les centres de santé : quelques aspects socio-économiques et culturels : une recherche participative développée au Brésil." Nancy 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN21016.
Visier, Laurent. "Expérience infirmière et rapports sociaux à l'hôpital : contribution à une sociologie de la santé." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0028.
This theses is a reflection on the sociology of health and hospital from the nurses case. In the first part, a critical historical reading of sociology,is made, from the foundings texts of t. Parsons in the fifties to major present-day contributions dominated by interactionist analyses and sociology of organizations. In the second part, the nursing profession is presented diachronically and synchronically. Three coexisting figures are brought out : the "nun", dominated by religion, the "domestic" by science and technology through the doctor figure, and the industrial worker by a bureaucratic organization. Using the method of "sociological intervention" worked out by a. Touraine, the third part looks into the nursing experience from the relationships with other hospital workers and patients. Contradictory demands managed by the nurses appear to be at the heart of this experience in pieces, while the analysis of the nurses' mobilization still renforces the seeling of an identity crisis in the profession. The conclusion goes back to the sociology of health which touches on the question of the evolution of the health car system from a call to consider the pathient as a subject
Quinaglia, Silva Erica. "Santé et spiritisme : itinéraires thérapeutiques de la troisième révélation en France et au Brésil." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H020.
This thesis aims to investigate the therapeutic itineraries of the third revelation, or spiritism, in France and Brazil. The investigation is achieved in urban contexts, that is to say Paris and the metropolitan region of Brasília. Spiritism was born as a science and philosophy in France. It was settled as a religion in Brazil. In these both countries, it confronted medicine. According to spiritist representations and practices, both health and disease comprehend, other than bio-psychosocial dimension, the spiritual dimension. This permeates not only religious and scientific questions, but also political, ethical and juridical questions and interrogates the very definition of healing. In this sense, there are several indicators of spiritual diagnostics and treatments’ efficacy. We present reports of healing of patients and narratives of mediums that attend spiritist institutions as well as interviews with physicians, members of medical-spiritist associations, researches in medicine concerning the relationships between health and spirituality and an announcement issued by the Brazilian Medical Federal Council. What do these individuals and groups say about the subject of the present research? How to explain the successful cases? Is it suggestion, placebo effect, symbolic efficacy? What are the divergences and convergences between health and spiritism? These are the itineraries that this thesis attempts to cross. And it is from these paths that we intend to open new perspectives of comprehension of the other and of ourselves
Bonetti, Emmanuelle. "Comment le médicament façonne la maladie : le cas du traitement de l'impuissance et de l'hypercholestérolémie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0009.
Therapeutics are an essential vector of the social framing of diseases. They participate of the discovery of pathological mechanisms. Therefore, the interactions that take place between clinicians, firms and health authorities frame diseases. In the first place, the development of drugs orientates the research's ways. In the second place, therapeutic modify the division of labour between medical specialities. In the third place, their prescription has an effect on the disease's prevalence
Coussaert, Annie. "Perdre ou gérer la santé : une maladie écran : le diabète insulino-dépendant." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H024.
A culture of health changes in some way the nature of the disease. In training the diabetics to self-control, the competence transfer from diabetologists links lay ideas of health with professional definitions as biological constants. The link is becoming complexe with recent technical progress in daily treatment as in biological estimates of health. A first part of the thesis concerns the history of health in centers of diabetics training. The second part investigates in 320 diabetics the intercorrelation between hemoglobin aic levels and 54 mourning-of-health and management-of-risks attitudes. Factorial analysis shows 3 dialectological micro-culture. In each, interchangeable symbols of health and disease create a double bind in short term and long-term management of self-control. The contradiction between curative ans preventive constraints is worked out by producing ethics of health in associative groups which get together dialectologists and diabetics
Loenzien, Myriam de. "Connaissances, opinions et attitudes relatives au sida en milieu rural africain (Sénégal, Cameroun et Burundi)." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H079.
Colliaux, Raphaël. "De l'emprise à la prise de l'école. Usages de la scolarisation et expérience de la "communauté" chez les Matsigenka (Amazonie péruvienne)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0001.
Fruit of a field work among the Matsigenka, an Amerindian population from the south-east of the Peruvian Amazon, this thesis examines the processes by which two colonial devices – schooling and demographic groupings within « administrative communities » – have been subject of an native assimilation. The institutionalization of « native communities » in the early 1970s in the Peruvian Amazon is part of an old political project in the colonial history of the country consisting of circumscribing indigenous populations within fixed and identifiable administrative and territorial units. Consecutively, their « put on school » [mise à l’école] was thought as a way of « bringing them » to adopt moral and cultural standards considered as « modern ». In what, and especially why, is this double colonial project the object of a scrupulous application by the Matsigenka? At first, we make the assumption that it is by appropriating the school and the administrative community that a part of the members of this ethnic group is built today as a « group » and that it tries to interface with the state, its administrations, and even with the rest of the national society. The thesis shows that the Matsigenka grouped into « communities » take over the imposed administrative directory, that they appropriate its lexicon and tools « to the letter » so as to strategically plagiarize public institutions. For the matsigenka leaders, maintaining such closeness to the state is symbolically acquiring its capacity for government, it is defending the political autonomy of their administrative community. The school proves to be unavoidable, insofar as it provides the scriptural and linguistic tools to achieve this symbolic homology with state power. In the eyes of the parents of students, the school of the administrative community is therefore a sign of their political sovereignty vis-à-vis the state and its administration, the Métis settlers, or the extractive companies. In this sense, they argue that the schooling of their children is an opportunity to train « citizens of the community », that is to say, people who will be fundamentally rallied to it. More than a community of citizens integrated into a « modern » – in other words, non-Native American-nation –, it is a matsigenka administrative community that the school institution must contribute to producing. In a second step, the analysis focuses on the construction of intergenerational exchanges. The survey shows that the pursuit of higher education, which usually involves migrations to the cities, prolongs this elective affinity between schooling and the construction of the Amerindian administrative community. We observe that Matsigenka gathered in « communities » orchestrate real educational policies, selecting some of the most talented students to send them to train in Lima or Cusco, in sectors considered useful for the group (law, medicine, teaching). Since students are mandated – and sometimes funded – by their community, various strategies are aimed at supervising student migrations as closely as possible, so as ultimately to guarantee the return of Ameridian students and of the knowledge they have acquired outside the community. It is a collective control of the circulation of knowledge and their carriers, to ensure their use for the benefit of the community. The last part of the thesis explores the daily life of these young matsigenka established in the city, the links they create with students of the same origin and those they maintain with their loved ones in the forest. Far from being reduced to a simple process of acculturation, these study stays are based on strong obligations and a duty of recognition towards the group of belonging
Kotobi, Laurence. "Le vaccin et le sadaqeh : étude des représentations de la vaccination infantile en Iran d'aujourd'hui." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H018.
Concern : studying the acceptability of immunization of children in Iran from a qualitative work in the country, between 1991 and 1992, from a determined sample of urban (Teheran) and rural (Hassanabad, near Isfahan) women. "hybrid object", this modern preventive technic of health, relatively unavoidable, has not been dismissed in revolutionnary Iran as subject of an western modernity but as one of a cultural appropriation, legitimating a national identity (the iranized immunization) both towards the country's political autorities than towards iranian women
Chiousse, Sylvie. "Divins thérapeutes - La santé au Brésil revue et corrigée par les orixas." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003395.
D'un point de vue plus sociologique, cette étude s'intéresse au système sanitaire brésilien, ses évolutions, et pointe les défaillances du système officiel dans la gestion des soins offerte aux patients.
Analysant les parcours (possibles) du malade (brésilien), les techniques qu'il va choisir d'utiliser pour gérer ses problèmes de santé – en faisant appel ou non aux pratiques thérapeutiques du culte afro-brésilien, il apparaît finalement qu'outre le fait de pouvoir se présenter comme un système de soins complémentaire à la médecine officielle, les pratiques thérapeutiques développées par les garants de ce culte et de cette culture s'affichent souvent et de plus en plus comme une alternative, voire un palliatif efficace face à une gestion officielle de la santé souvent défaillante – où les rejetés de la médecine (par manque de moyens financiers permettant d'y accéder) côtoient les rejetants de cette médecine (qui craignent les infections nosocomiales et autres fonctionnements quotidiens mal assurés).
Schmouth, Marie-Eve. "Les attentes et le rôle performé par les soignés et les soignants dans la relation de soins avec des personnes présentant un problème de santé mentale grave et de toxicomanie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24033/24033.pdf.
Chagnollaud, Fanny. "La comunidad andine, du village au quartier : l’invention d’une culture andine urbaine à Ayacucho (Pérou)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100036.
Located in the south-central Andes of Peru, the city of Ayacucho underwent an accelerated urbanization process from the 1950’s, nourished by the massive arrival of immigrants from the Andean rural districts of the area. Peopled today with more than 151.000 inhabitants, it appears like a conglomerate of settlements gathered around the historical colonial centre of the city. A large majority of these settlements is the result of collective lands invasions organized by the immigrants. This work analyses the formation process and daily functioning of these settlements. It shows how, to found them and ensure their permanence, the immigrants reproduced the traditional Andean social structures and mechanisms, adapting them to the urban context. The objective of this study is to show that, by doing so, these immigrants invented an urban Andean culture. Those settlements they built are indeed a transposition in the urban environment of the Andean “comunidad”, generally considered a rural institution
Bénamouzig, Daniel. "Essor et développement de l'économie de la santé en France." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040269.
Aim, Marie-Anastasie. "De la socialisation sanitaire à la santé comme phénomène représentationnel : socio-construction d'une "évidence"." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0350.
This thesis aims to question the genesis of the “common sense” meanings associated with health per se. Particular attention will be paid to the integration of health systems and socio-cultural systems into the content and processes of this phenomenon. It also explores the relationship between sex/gender and health, the issues of which are still relatively invisible. Motivated by the objectives of this thesis and by the characteristics specific to our research subject, “integrative” socio-representational approaches and pluri-methodological approaches were adopted. Thus, this thesis seeks to study the meanings associated with health while developing a theoretical-methodological reflection on the field of social representations. Nine studies were conducted with various populations. Results enabled to highlight the close link between health education and health for education. In general, participants have health-related knowledge that is both polysemic and polyphasic, and this from childhood. This active learning is the result of real-life experiences and “scientific” knowledge relayed by various actors. Health-related knowledge is embodied in and through the social roles and places that people occupy, particularly in relation to their imposed identities such as sex/gender and age group. At a theoretical-methodological level, this thesis invites us to consider the relevance of using an integrative socio-representational approach to think about complex phenomena as well as the need to articulate characteristics of the methods and characteristics of the research objects studied
Heritage, Zoë. "La contribution des liens sociaux aux inégalités de santé en France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100181/document.
Health inequalities, linked to differences in income or other social status indicators have been identified in France as has occurred for most developed countries. Generally a health gradient is observed. Close social relationships have been associated with good health both at individual and area levels.Investigations using a cross-sectional general population survey complimented by an ecological study at the French departmental level found evidence of social health inequalities. Less than good self-rated health was more likely to be reported people in the lower income, education and professional groups compared to those higher up the social gradient. Departmental mortality was associated to the proportion of manual workers living in the department. People with less social ties reported poorer health after adjusting for age and socioeconomic status. This effect appeared to be slightly more important for men. There was some evidence that social ties may be more important for the health of people on a low income compared to their wealthier counterparts
Jacques, Jean-Nicolas. "Culture : vers une autonomie du champ? : La revue culturelle Las Moradas (1947-1949) d’Emilio Adolfo Westphalen (1911-2001) : étude socio-anthropologique d’une revue culturelle et d’un groupe d’avant-garde du champ artistique péruvien du milieu du XXe siècle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH039.
Las Moradas, a cultural review in the peruvian 1940
Matta, Rául. "Enjeux sociaux d'une consommation « haut de gamme » . Etude sur les logiques marchandes et sociales au coeur de deux expressions culturelles dans la ville de Lima : L'experience gastronomique et les fet." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030112.
Popular cultural expressions among young adults (25-35 years old) from privileged social groups, Peruvian-based high gastronomy and electronic music parties have quickly obtained a central place in the offer of cultural leisure activities of the city of Lima. The analysis of the social construction of reputation around these globalized activities reveals that, although the value granted to these practices may be short-lived as far as it is about cultural fields crossed by fashion effects, it is nevertheless founded on mechanisms of social distinction appealing to meanings firmly implanted in the Peruvian society. An immersion in these « exclusive » and « trendy » circles demonstrates that these mechanisms, very subtle and strongly articulated with trade logics, convey values and attitudes contributing to the construction (or reconstruction) of « Lima’s bourgeois culture »
Rod, Julien. "Les conséquences, sur le couple parental, de la prise en charge médicale d’un enfant atteint d’une tumeur maligne : une vie entre parenthèses." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1022.
Childhood cancers represent 1% of cancers in the general population with 1500 to 2000 new cases per year. In France, malignant solid tumors are the 3rd most frequent childhood cancer behind leukemias/lymphomas and brain tumors. The two current goals of medical research are to increase effectiveness of treatments as well as to increase safety of treatments in growing individiduals. The origin of this work comes from a need to know the impact of childhood cancer treatments and sequelae on social, professional and family functionning. We included in the study families of children whose cancerous lesion had required surgical treatment at a time of the protocol (excluding leukemia and lymphoma), and for whom the child was still alive at the time of research. Ninety-five families had a child who had been treated for extracerebral solid tumors between 1995 and 2010 in the pediatric oncology unit of Caen University Hospital. Of these, 55 met the inclusion criteria. Our materials consisted of 11 interviews. Interviews were focused on the social and professional situation of the couple during three main periods: before diagnosis, during treatment and after end of treatment. From assumptions, ten major themes were built in order to classify the extracts of the most characteristic verbatim that were recorded during the interviews. Each of these themes was the subject of a careful reading and was reclassified into homogeneous themes by a sense point of view. The benefit of this research is to identify not fully known or previously described problems, but also to highlight areas for reflection to better understand the adventure that will change the child, parents and caregiver staff
Cucchi, Michel. "Dynamiques du risque collectif : Éléments d'une socioanthropologie du risque." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1707.
Large collective threats are intentional and unintentional products of human activities, whose effects form away from the gaze of men unpredictable complexes causing singular dynamics of collective risk. Since the late twentieth century, the great forces of globalized modernity project these dynamics on the entire social and living world. Their prevalence is the result of an exhaust phenomenon off devices supposed to control. The approach of these dynamics through separate disciplines does not allow the reconstitution of their singular trajectories nor their effective processing. We thus propose a common representation of dynamics of collective risk in a multidisciplinary perspective. The thesis examines in particular its manifestations in four key areas of global modernity: finance, nuclear issue, biopolitics and biotechnology
Amerijckx, Gaëlle. "Le bien-être des jeunes enfants. Problématisation de la notion et étude socio-écologique au sein d'institutions socio-éducatives." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/218961.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Vandenberghe, Michel. "Les médecins inspecteurs de santé publique : une conversion identitaire et une transformation de l'action publique dans le champ de la santé." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50377-2001-3-4.pdf.
Sanchez, Barberan Matias. "Le républicanisme sud-pacifique à l'aune des recompositions impériales : Pérou, Bolivie , Chili. Années 1860." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0140.
As part of the studies on Atlantic republicanism, this thesis studies the South Pacific republican movement of the 1860s, particularly in Peru, Bolivia and Chile. It takes up the long history of HispanoAmerican republicanism in order to highlight its capacity to elaborate a vast political project, the culmination of which is the union of the American republics, a project that is currently little known by historiography. The imperial and colonial reconstitution effort of the middle of the century paved the way for a remarkable politicisation in the South Pacific. The Second Mexican Empire, the annexation of Santo Domingo to the Spanish crown, and finally the war of the South Pacific republics against Spain, are for the republicans the proof of a vast plan of monarchical reconquest in America. To counter this imperial situation, about fifteen republican societies were created in the main South Pacific cities. They gave republicanism an important social breadth. Among them were the landed elites, the commercial bourgeoisie, the craftsmen and the propagandists. If these societies reflect the specific relationships of each city, they also illuminate the transition between traditional forms of social organisation and modern political precepts. In terms of repertoires of action, they utilise the arsenal of tools of political confrontation and resort to illegitimate methods, such as attacks on consular houses, veiled threats and even insults. At the same time, they induced republican symbolism. Meetings to celebrate republican victories, subscriptions in favour of Mexican republicans and celebrations ofpatriotic holidays in neighbouring countries sanction the emergence of a new civic calendar. In this sense, these societies are constructing a wider political space that allows the distinctiveness of the South Pacific to be thought of. This thesis, by analysing the spread of republican societies, reveals the persistence of monarchist expressions in mid-century Hispanic America. The participation of Mexican conservatives in the imperial project makes it imperative to thwart any possible alliance between local monarchists and imperial powers. Spain's irruption in the South Pacific, triggered by the capture of the Chincha Islands on 14 April 1864, contributed to the radicalisation of tension between societies and states. The bellicose turn was an opportunity for the republican movement to claim social roots and the emancipatory value of republicanism, even if it meant raising the revolutionary potential of the war. In this sense, the study of this conflict invites us to analyse this critical moment, and to emphasise the republican reading of political modernity
Geise, Mandy. "Localizing the Genetic : making sense of diabetes through research, care and public health in Mexico." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0081.
The gene is embedded in various domains of knowledge and practices in which doctors, scientists and public health experts make sense of diabetes, genetic disease, health and heredity in Mexico. Medical genetics in the (specialized pediatric) clinic, which deals with mostly single-gene disorders, congenital metabolic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities, takes up a marginalized/small place in health care policy or investments. The growing presence of diabetes as a pubic health problem has led to campaigns instructing people to eat better and exercise more. But it has also been at the heart of genomics research interested in the particular genomic makeup of Mexicans — made unique by ancestral contributions to a mestizo genome — and its relations/as an explanation for heightened predisposition to diabetes and other common chronic disorders. Recent work has proposed ways to explain the growing presence of diabetes in Mexico through a biosocial approach that considers the role of the (social) environment in the onset of disease. Epigenetics, in studying how environmental factors can influence gene expression, brings in new ways to think about genes and the articulation of these in relation to illness and heredity. As scientists combine biological data with inquiries into the social circumstances in the communities they study, epigenetics actively brings the environment in and gives scientists tools to think about how the environment becomes embodied. These studies provide room for biomedical and social scientists to (re)think how body and environment act together, opening the door to new ways to conceptualize genetic predisposition and disease
Champaloux, Bernard. "L'espace social de la séropositivité en Equateur : organisation et pratiques de santé des personnes atteintes." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32059.
Ramel, Viviane. "Les technologies numériques en santé face aux inégalités sociales et territoriales : une sociologie de l’action publique comparée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0053.
The link between digital health and equity is seldom studied, even less are the policies which tackle both issues, and this despite governments being urged to implement health-and-equity-in-all-policies strategies. This thesis has studied whether and how governments and health systems’ stakeholders address this linkage. Specifically, this piece of population health interventional and political science research has been based upon a qualitative study design and comparative public policy analysis of territories from four countries (France, Canada, Spain & England) since 2015. Data were gathered from official and various stakeholders’ documents and through interviews with key stakeholders in e-health and health equity fields. Digital health policy has been institutionalized to varying degrees in the four so-called developed countries focussed on. However, equity in digital health issue has not been placed on the political agenda, although it is acknowledged that digital health use can increase social health inequalities (SHI), in terms of unfair access, use, understanding and adoption of technologies. In the four territories, when (rarely) dealt with, digital inclusion is tackled through a set of instruments, by actors involved in several fora which coproduce public interventions on digital health, SHI and digital inclusion. Each mode of instrumentation of public action is affected by previous local institutions, along with actors’ interests and preconceptions about the issues involved. Our study proposes a conceptual framework for public action and policy implementation as regards digital health and equity in four territories. This study has been designed to be useful for analyzing policies in other settings and for suggesting strategies that could be directly implemented in the field
Colliaux, Raphaël. "Points de vue sur l'autochtonie actuelle dans les Andes péruviennes : la question de l'enseignement du quechua dans le département de Cuzco." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29868/29868.pdf.
Amoric, Michel. "Eléments épidémiologiques et sociaux dans les malocclusions d'une population d'age et de sexe déterminés : appelés au centre de sélection, 1ere région militaire, Vincennes." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F017.
Perron, Michel. "Sociogéographie de la santé à micro-échelle." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30031.
Among the regions of quebec, saguenay-lac-saint-jean stands out for its isolation, its short history and the ethnocultural features of its population. Moreover, here we have a population especially propitious for our double-edged research - that is, to map out a micro-scale sociogeography of health, and also to work out the main factors associated with a rather poor health record. Thanks to an interdisciplinary approach, spatial locations can be used to reveal disparities in health, whereas changes of scale can allow us to track certain pathogenic patterns and different causes of death. Making use of models of social ecology developed in the chicoutimi-jonquiere urban area, it is possible to grasp sociospatial disparities by homogeneous zones. Sociogeographical gradients then show up, linked to the prevalence of certain genetic diseases, complex disorders (with a genetic susceptibility), or the risk of the occurrence of chronic disorders leading to death. Beyond statistical correlations and spatial associations, we propose explanations for the differences of levels of pathology by examining mainly how the present manifestations of the rates of illness and death may be associated with socio-economic inequalities, or may be inherited from past conditions. By bringing up the delicate question of determinism, which evokes the issue of + captivity/ mobility ; we have a look at, finally, the matter of equal opportunity and that of continuity of social conditions. From the epidemiological transition to the patterns of population settlement, we draw a socio-historic portrait; we work up a sociogeographic model which sheds new light on the emergence of sociospatial discontinuities of health and of schooling
Vézina, Sylvain. "Informatique, politiques publiques et dynamique organisationnelle : le cas du secteur de la santé en France." Grenoble 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE21019.
This thesis looks at computerization as means to a better understanding of the bargaining, or haggling, process, upon which health care management in france is hinged, particularly in the hospital sector. It analyzes both the direction of public policies and the dynamics of the power struggles which underlie such policies. It deals not only with health statistics but with the major reforms in the hospital sector (overall budget, departmentalization, epidemiology, p. M. S. I. ) introduced by the left while in office from 1981 to 1986. This thesis reveals the derisiveness of results obtained through ever more sophisticated technocratic means
Grand, Alain. "Representations et pratiques de sante dans une population agee en milieu rural." Toulouse 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU20042.
The object of this study is double : showing the insertion of health representations and practices in the life styles ; demonstrating how these life styles influence in return the evolution of the state of health. I is based on two surveys, the first longitudinal and quantitative, the second cross-sectional and qualitative, carried out on a population of elderly people aged 60 and over, living at home rural areas. The exposition of results is organized in two parts : - the first part is devoted to the analysis of health representations and practices and to the identification of their organizing dimensions. It enables demonstration of the insertion of representations and practices in the life styles, two organizing dimensions of which have been particularly studied : sex and socio-professional category (opposing agriculturists to non agriculturists). - the second part is devoted to the identification of the psycho-social factors predictive of the evolution of the state of health, with regard to two indicators : mortality and disability aggravation. Several risk markers have been identified in the longitudinal survey and their meaning have been analysed in the cross-sectional qualitative study. Three methodological implications have been drawn from this work. The respect of which is required for a beter understanding of the sociogenesis of illnesses
Beurdeley, Didier. "Carie dentaire et facteurs socio-culturels : éléments d'enquête épidémiologique sur une population d'âge déterminé au Centre de Sélection n° 1 de Vincennes." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F117.
Cipriano, Marion. "D'un corps à l'autre : les corps à l'épreuve de la santé publique : représentations et pratiques relatives aux corps et aux soins dans un village des Andes sud-péruviennes." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30034.
This thesis focuses on representations and practices related to bodies and cares in a South Peruvian Andes village. This object, which seems classical in Andean ethnology, is discussed here in a dynamic, pluralistic and politicized situation with an approach which is clearly distinguishable from the usual processes. If these representations and practices have first been understood in domestic spaces and among healers, it is then the health station, a formal structure of public health, which has been taken into account in the local medical pluralism. Its relationships with the villagers were then analyzed interms of power. Its influence on care practices, on the body and its corresponding representations was questioned. To capture the changes taking place for over thirty years, a diachronic perspective was finally chosen. Thus, a dynamic of control and normalization of bodies and individuals by the public health could be brought to light. A phenomenon that resulted so far in transforming care practices but also individual bodies, as well as in increasing differentiation of the society. With generational renewal this transformation process, relatively new but nevertheless deep, can possiblylead to a real sociocultural swing here summarized by the expression "from one body to another" which refers not only to the passage of an "individual body to another" but also "from a social body to another"
Fraysse-Boutrais, Régine. "Dynamiques associatives et santé environnementale : Vers un nouveau mode de développement ?" Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090067.
The globalization and proliferation of sanitary risks caused by the presence of toxic substances disseminated in the environment and the increase in the number of environmental diseases (such as hormone-dependent cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, allergies or unexplained disorders, etc. ) induce rising citizens’ mobilisations. Scientific uncertainties in risk assessment of the impact of these low doses of chemicals conveyed to human beings through various vectors (water, air, soils, food), which accumulate and interact in the body in the long term, question inadequate public policies of health prevention and promotion. Associations are being created or change their position, join into larger groups which link together and recompose themselves around the various environmental determinants of health, to call out for the inclusion of this problem on the political agenda. These dynamics in collective action influence the structuring and visibility of the emerging field of environmental health and interrogate modes of development which favour economy and environment to the detriment of social aspects and human health
Paillet, Anne. "Consciences professionnelles : approche sociologique de la morale au travail, à partir du cas des décisions d'arrêt ou de poursuite en réanimation néonatale." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0019.
This study is a sociological approach of "morale in practice". More specifically, it's an empirical and contextual approach of "professional ethic" and "morale at work", in the case of neonatal intensive care units and decision to continue or discontinue tratments. Moral dimensions of work hardness are examined. Moreover, moral convergences and divergences appear between physicians and nurses and between seniors and juniors about risks hierarchies and parental participation. These moral variations are analysed : which social factors produce them? This study shows how team members adjust their moral practices to their professional position and work situation (in a related and differential way with other members of the work team). Datas : ethnographical observations and interviews; historical datas; several corpus of publications (written by physicians, nurses, psychologists, jurists, bioethicists, journalists)
Stoll, Eric. "Etude épidémiologique et analytique d'intoxications médicamenteuses courantes, évaluation sur 137 intoxications médicamenteuses volontaires." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P020.
Legrand, Julia. "L’incertitude psychiatrique : une sociologie de la prescription de psychotropes en psychiatrie publique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080021.
Psychotropic drugs are often looked at threw two opposite prisms: as a liberating "panacea" on the one hand, and as a restrictive "chemical straitjacket" on the other. This cleavage also characterizes the representation of psychiatrists’ prescribing activities, as psychotropic drug specialists. The pharmacological issue is particularly structuring in the psychiatric field, especially as it is increasingly central in the activity of psychiatric hospitals. Exploring the issue of drug prescription is therefore necessary in order to understand contemporary public psychiatry. At the border between science studies and the sociology of health, work and professions, this thesis aims to shed light on psychiatric prescription methods, and in particular to understand which disorder ant patient classification processes govern substance choices. The core of this research is based on the following paradox: psychiatry as a profession is publicly legitimized by an image based on its expertise and the innovative power of its drug treatments. Why, then, seems psychotropic drug prescription so under-valued by some of its members? Based on interviews of representatives of the profession, a website indexing of the main segments of psychiatry and a comparative ethnographic survey of two public institutions, this thesis addresses the issue of drug prescription from the most macro-sociological scale to the finest level of analysis - from prescribing as a professional valorization tool to prescriptions during psychiatrist-patient sessions